@inbook{brownie_2007, title={Poisoning}, ISBN={9780911910223}, booktitle={Merck/Merial manual for pet health}, publisher={Whitehouse Station, NJ : Merck & Co.}, author={Brownie, C. F.}, year={2007} }
 @inbook{brownie_2005, title={Plants poisonous to animals}, ISBN={0911910506}, booktitle={Merck veterinary manual}, publisher={Whitehouse Station, N.J. : Merck}, author={Brownie, C. F.}, editor={Kahn, C.M. and Line, S.Editors}, year={2005} }
 @article{gardner_cook_jortner_troan_sharp_campbell_brownie_2005, title={Stringhalt associated with a pasture infested with Hypochoeris radicata}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1111/j.2042-3292.2005.tb00349.x}, number={3}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, author={Gardner, S. Y. and Cook, A. G. and Jortner, B. S. and Troan, B. V. and Sharp, N. J. H. and Campbell, N. B. and Brownie, C. F.}, year={2005}, pages={118–122} }
 @article{smith_rotstein_brownie_2004, title={Abdominal fat necrosis in a pygmy goat associated with fescue toxicosis}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1040-6387"]}, DOI={10.1177/104063870401600420}, abstractNote={Abdominal fat necrosis was diagnosed in an 11-year-old female pygmy goat with a 10-day history of lethargy, anorexia, and progressive abdominal distension. Gross necropsy findings revealed multiple firm, dark yellow, nodular masses of fat throughout the abdominal cavity, which compressed several abdominal organs including the rumen, small intestine, spiral colon, and gall bladder. Histologically, multiple to coalescing adipocyte necrosis, saponification, and infiltration with variable numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells was observed. Fat necrosis in this case was attributed to tall fescue toxicity based on the presence of high levels of endophyte ( Neotyphodium coenophialum)–infected fescue identified in the goat's pasture. This is the first known report of abdominal fat necrosis in a goat and demonstrates the fat necrosis syndrome of fescue toxicosis in ruminants.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={Smith, GW and Rotstein, DS and Brownie, CF}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={356–359} }
 @article{chernoff_hunter_hall_rosen_brownie_malarkey_marr_herkovits_2002, title={Lack of teratogenicity of microcystin-LR in the mouse and toad}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0260-437X"]}, DOI={10.1002/jat.800}, abstractNote={Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanobacterial toxin generated by the organism Microcystis aeruginosa. Although the hepatotoxicity of this chemical has been characterized, the potential developmental toxicity in vertebrates has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of this toxin on the in vivo and in vitro development of mammals and the development of an Anuran (toad). Initial acute toxicity experiments with female CD-1 mice were accomplished with MC-LR administered i.p. in saline. Lethality occurred at 128 and 160 microg kg (-1) and histopathology revealed massive hepatic necrosis with diffuse hemorrhage. Developmental toxicity studies were done with MC-LR administered i.p. for 2-day periods: gestation days 7-8, 9-10 or 11-12. Doses used ranged from 2 to 128 microg kg(-1). On gestation day 17, fetuses were weighed and analyzed for gross morphological and skeletal defects. No treatment-related differences were seen in litter size, viability, weight or the incidence of anomalies. Groups of dams dosed with 32-128 microg kg(-1) on gestation days 7-8, 9-10 or 11-12 were allowed to give birth and the growth and development of their pups were followed postnatally. There were no significant effects noted in the offspring of the treated dams. Neurulation-staged CD-1 mouse conceptuses were exposed to 50-1000 nM MC-LR in whole embryo culture for 24 h. No significant increase in abnormalities or developmental delays was observed. Finally, exposure of the developing toad. Bufo arenarum was done from stage 17 (tail bud) for 10 days at concentrations of 1-20 mg l(-1). No effect on morphological development or survival was noted in any exposed groups. These data indicate that microcystin does not appear to affect development adversely in the mouse (in vivo or in vitro) or the toad at the doses and exposure parameters used.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY}, author={Chernoff, N and Hunter, ES and Hall, LL and Rosen, MB and Brownie, CF and Malarkey, D and Marr, M and Herkovits, J}, year={2002}, pages={13–17} }
 @article{baynes_lyman_anderson_brownie_1999, title={A preliminary survey of antibiotic residues and viable bacteria in milk from three Caribbean basin countries}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1944-9097"]}, DOI={10.4315/0362-028X-62.2.177}, abstractNote={There is widespread concern about the presence of antimicrobial drugs in milk. The presence of drug residues in milk may have public health implications. Milk samples (n = 25 to 65/country) were collected from bulk tanks and commercial vendors in Barbados, Costa Rica, and Jamaica between February 1996 and August 1997. Bulk tank samples were collected from high milk-producing regions of Jamaica and Costa Rica and from 26 dairy farms in Barbados. Milk pH, bacterial growth (total CFU/ml and the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus), and the presence of antimicrobials were determined. Milk samples were tested by a microbial inhibition test (Delvotest-P, Gist-Brocades Food Ingredients, Inc.) to screen for antimicrobial drugs. All positives were retested for the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics after incubating with penicillinase and some positives were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography-UV. Mean pH values ranged from 6.5 to 6.7. S. aureus was identified in bulk tank samples from Costa Rica (52%), Barbados (44%), and Jamaica (46%). S. agalactiae was identified in bulk tank samples from Costa Rica (28%), Barbados (8 and 16%), and Jamaica (18%). Antimicrobial residues were detected in some bulk tank samples from Barbados (8%) and Jamaica (10%) but not in samples from Costa Rica. All positives in milk from Jamaica and Barbados were determined to be beta-lactams. No residues were detected in pasteurized milk samples from Barbados or ultrahigh-temperature milk from Jamaica. The presence of beta-lactam residues in some of these samples suggests the appropriateness of testing milk prior to processing for consumption.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION}, author={Baynes, RE and Lyman, R and Anderson, KL and Brownie, CF}, year={1999}, month={Feb}, pages={177–180} }
 @article{turkson_brownie_1999, title={Financing the delivery of animal health services in developing countries: A case study of Ghana}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0049-4747"]}, DOI={10.1023/a:1005129417183}, number={1}, journal={TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION}, author={Turkson, PK and Brownie, CF}, year={1999}, month={Feb}, pages={33–44} }
 @article{turkson_brownie_1999, title={Financing the delivery of animal health services in developing countries: A case study of Ghana: Erratum}, volume={31}, DOI={10.1023/a:1017286824928}, number={2}, journal={Tropical Animal Health and Production}, author={Turkson, P. K. and Brownie, C. F.}, year={1999}, pages={74} }
 @article{turkson_brownie_1999, title={Perceived constraints to privatization of delivery of veterinary services in Ghana}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0049-4747"]}, DOI={10.1023/a:1005167724020}, number={2}, journal={TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION}, author={Turkson, PK and Brownie, CF}, year={1999}, month={Apr}, pages={103–114} }
 @article{turkson_slenning_brownie_1999, title={Perceptions of veterinarians regarding privatization of veterinary services delivery in Ghana and Jamaica}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0167-5877"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00023-9}, abstractNote={There are on-going reforms in the delivery of veterinary services in many developing countries, with privatization of certain veterinary activities as one of the approaches. In Jamaica, with the support of veterinarians, clinical aspects of veterinary services were privatized in 1992. In contrast, Ghanaian veterinarians are generally wary of the government's on-going privatization process. The objective of this study was to find out if perceptions of the veterinarians from these two countries on certain issues of privatization were sufficiently different to explain the willingness or reluctance to go into private practice. The response proportions for predominantly self-administered questionnaires were 83% (121/145) and 92% (35/38) for Ghana and Jamaica, respectively. There was a very good (92%) agreement in the perceptions of veterinarians in Ghana and Jamaica on a battery of 24 responses pertaining to privatization of veterinary services. Generally, the perceptions of the veterinarians in Ghana and Jamaica were similar even though the predominant delivery systems for animal health services were different. Therefore, reasons other than those examined in this study may explain the differences in willingness to go into private practice. The need to account for these other reasons is discussed.}, number={3-4}, journal={PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE}, author={Turkson, PK and Slenning, BD and Brownie, CF}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={221–232} }
 @article{branch_francis_rosen_brownie_held_chernoff_1998, title={Differentially expressed genes associated with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced hindlimb defects in the Swiss Webster mouse}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1998)12:3<135::aid-jbt1>3.0.co;2-m}, abstractNote={5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (d-AZA) inhibits methylation of DNA, a process that serves as an epigenetic regulator of gene expression. We have shown that d-AZA causes temporally related defects in mice. Gestational day (GD) 10 treatment induced severe long-bone defects of the hindlimb but not the forelimb. Exposure of younger embryos (GD 8 or 9) does not induce similar defects in forelimbs. This limb-dependent response suggests that methylation alterations in genes specific for fore- or hindlimbs may contribute to the observed pattern of defects. Subtraction hybridization (SH) studies were conducted to identify differential expression of DNA subsequent to the administration of d-AZA to mice on GD 10. Hindlimb buds collected from both treated and untreated embryos at 4, 12, and 24 hours post-treatment were used. A clone isolated from the untreated sample (down-regulation in treated tissue) was identified as a member of the murine B1 family of repetitive sequences. The two other clones isolated from the treated tissue (up-regulation) were homologous to avian myogenic regulatory protein mRNA and activin receptor type II gene. Both species are active during embryogenesis. These findings suggest that the isolated clones may have roles in abnormal embryonic development when inappropriately expressed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Toxicol 12: 135–141, 1998}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology}, author={Branch, S. and Francis, B. M. and Rosen, M. B. and Brownie, C. F. and Held, G. A. and Chernoff, N.}, year={1998}, pages={135–141} }
 @article{turkson_brownie_1998, title={Financing the delivery of public-sector animal health services in Jamaica: pre- and post-privatization}, volume={30}, DOI={10.1023/a:1005166403552}, number={6}, journal={Tropical Animal Health and Production}, author={Turkson, P. K. and Brownie, C. F.}, year={1998}, pages={331–339} }
 @article{blackwelder_hopkins_diaz_whitlow_brownie_1998, title={Milk production and plasma gossypol of cows fed cottonseed and oilseed meals with or without rumen-undegradable protein}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0022-0302"]}, DOI={10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75855-2}, abstractNote={Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned at calving to treatment diets using a modified split-plot design to determine the effects of protein source on milk production and composition. The treatment diets consisted of an 80:20 combination of corn and alfalfa silages and whole cottonseed at 12% of the dietary dry matter (DM). The treatment diets were formulated to contain 17% crude protein (CP) and 20% acid detergent fiber on a DM basis. One of the following sources of supplemental CP was included in each treatment diet: 1) cottonseed meal, 2) cottonseed meal plus a rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) supplement, 3) soybean meal, and 4) soybean meal plus an RUP supplement. Cows were fed the initial treatment diet for 6 wk and then were switched to the other oilseed meal source but continued to receive the same amount of RUP during the second period of the study. Milk production and composition were not affected by treatment diet. Cows fed treatment diets without RUP supplementation consumed more DM and thus more CP. Supplementation with RUP resulted in greater milk production efficiency per unit of DM consumed. Cows fed treatment diets containing cottonseed meal had higher plasma gossypol concentrations than did cows fed treatment diets containing soybean meal. Plasma gossypol concentrations for all cows in each group were below the recommended upper limit that is considered to be safe. Data suggest that cottonseed meal in the diet can be substituted for soybean meal, resulting in similar milk production and composition.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE}, author={Blackwelder, JT and Hopkins, BA and Diaz, DE and Whitlow, LW and Brownie, C}, year={1998}, month={Nov}, pages={2934–2941} }
 @article{narotsky_brownie_kavlock_1997, title={Critical period of carbon tetrachloride-induced pregnancy loss in Fischer-344 rats, with insights into the detection of resorption sites by ammonium sulfide staining}, volume={56}, ISSN={["0040-3709"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199710)56:4<252::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-0}, abstractNote={Several low-molecular weight halocarbons have been shown to cause full-litter resorption (FLR), i.e., pregnancy loss, in Fischer-344 rats treated during organogenesis. To determine periods of gestation sensitive to acute exposure, a single dose of 150 mg carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)/kg was administered on gestation day (GD) 6, 7, 8, 10, or 12. Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on GD 20. Non-gravid uteri were examined for resorption sites, placed in 10% ammonium sulfide, and re-examined for stained resorption sites approximately 1 and 4.5 hr later. FLR was seen in 4% (1/27) of control dams and 36% (4/11), 54% (7/13), 72% (18/25), 54% (7/13), and 0% (0/12) of dams treated on GD 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12, respectively. Ammonium sulfide staining clearly yielded a more accurate account of the incidence of FLR. The technique was most effective when the staining period was extended to 4.5 hr, as two cases of FLR were revealed that had been undetected after 1 hr of staining. For dams with FLR, staining was required to detect resorption sites in all dams treated on GD 6 or 7, most dams treated on GD 8, and one dam treated on GD 10. Fewer implantation sites were detected in the dams treated on GD 6, and the size of the stained resorption sites increased as the day of treatment was delayed. These findings demonstrate a relationship between the time of toxicant exposure and the size and detectability of resorption sites near term, suggesting that the size of the resorption site may reliably reflect the time of embryonic death. Treatment on GD 8 caused the highest incidence of FLR and will be used in subsequent mechanistic research.}, number={4}, journal={TERATOLOGY}, author={Narotsky, MG and Brownie, GF and Kavlock, RJ}, year={1997}, month={Oct}, pages={252–261} }