@article{chi_liu_jameel_zhang_zhang_2014, title={Hydrothermal pretreatment of hardwood chips prior to alkaline pulping and D-0(E-P)D-1 bleaching}, volume={9}, DOI={10.15376/biores.9.4.6193-6204}, abstractNote={In this study, mixed southern hardwood was pretreated via a hydrothermal process at 160 °C for 1 h. Alkaline pulping was then conducted on both the pretreated and original chips to prepare pulp with Kappa 17 and 30. For the Kappa 30 pulps, oxygen delignification was further carried out to render Kappa 17. After pulping, the different pulps with similar Kappa 17 were bleached by the D0(EP)D1 sequence. Pulping results show that the pretreated chips are easier to cook and necessitate less alkaline charge to achieve a similar Kappa without decreasing the pulp viscosity. Under similar bleaching conditions, hydrothermal pretreatment leads to pulps with a higher brightness, viscosity, and paper sheet opacity and scattering coefficient, while also lowering the burst and tensile strength. Furthermore, the pulp fiber length, fiber width, and percentage of fines decreases, yet the coarseness, curl index, and kink index increase. However, the paper properties of bleached pulps are not improved significantly when subjected to modified continuous cooking (MCC) pulping or oxygen delignification.}, number={4}, journal={BioResources}, author={Chi, C. C. and Liu, M. and Jameel, H. and Zhang, S. F. and Zhang, Z.}, year={2014}, pages={6193–6204} }
 @article{chi_chang_li_jameel_zhang_2013, title={A method for rapid determination of sugars in lignocellulose prehydrolyzate}, volume={8}, DOI={10.15376/biores.8.1.172-181}, abstractNote={A simple and rapid dual-wavelength spectroscopic method is used for simultaneous determination of pentoses and hexoses in the prehydrolyzate from lignocellulosic biomass. The method is based on the following reaction mechanism: in the solution of hydrochloric acid, phloroglucinol gives color reaction with sugars or their degradation products, showing maximum absorbance at 553 nm and 410 nm. Based on dual-wavelength spectrophotometric measurement, the pentoses and hexoses can separately be quantified. It was found that the derivatives from these two different sugars have an isosbestic point at 425 nm. According to the validation results, high accuracy and reasonable recovery rate is shown with the present method (pentoses recovery 97.1 to 100.0%, hexoses recovery 97.2 to 102.0%). Additionally, the interferences from substances including lignin, furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid are insignificant. All of the above results illustrate the suitability of this method for analyzing sugars in the lignocelluloses prehydrolyzate, especially hardwoods or herbaceous plants, based on forest-related biorefinery research.}, number={1}, journal={BioResources}, author={Chi, C. C. and Chang, H. M. and Li, Z. J. and Jameel, H. and Zhang, Z.}, year={2013}, pages={172–181} }
 @article{chi_zhang_chang_jameel_2009, title={Determination of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural Formed From Biomass Under Acidic Conditions}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0277-3813"]}, DOI={10.1080/02773810903096025}, abstractNote={Abstract A rapid method for simultaneous determination of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the filtrate of an acidic treatment of biomass was developed based on UV spectrophotometer. Interference from acid soluble lignin is alleviated by the use of absorbance difference spectrum before and after reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The concentrations of furfural and HMF in the filtrate are determined by measuring the absorbance of the difference spectrum at 277 nm and 285 nm, the characteristic absorption maxima for furfural and HMF, respectively. Two simultaneous equations are solved to obtain the concentrations of furfural and HMF in the filtrate. Acid soluble lignin in the solution is determined to cause negligible interference on the analysis.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Chi, Congcong and Zhang, Zeng and Chang, Hou-min and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2009}, pages={265–276} }
 @article{chi_zhang_ge_jameel_2009, title={The relationship between two methods for evaluating five-carbon sugars in eucalyptus extraction liquor}, volume={4}, number={2}, journal={BioResources}, author={Chi, C. C. and Zhang, Z. and Ge, W. W. and Jameel, H.}, year={2009}, pages={537–543} }