@article{carrillo_barbieri_2024, title={Thriving in a World of Giants: Craft Breweries' Workings in a Major Tourism Destination}, volume={1}, ISSN={["1552-6763"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875231223664}, DOI={10.1177/00472875231223664}, abstractNote={Major tourism destinations depending on iconic resources to draw tourists are seeking to diversify their offerings. Building upon neolocalism, craft-beverage tourism has emerged as a diversification strategy. Such a strategy requires establishing a vibrant craft-beer industry that, according to the resource partitioning theory (RPT) requires applying four mechanisms (location, anti-mass production sentiment, customization, and conspicuous status). Since it is unknown how the RPT unfolds in tourism destinations, we interviewed 21 producers in Cusco (Peru), a major destination with an emerging craft-brewery industry, to identify the strategies they are utilizing to position their products when juxtaposed with tourism and neolocalism. We identified 17 actions that local craft-brewers apply and a strong tourism-neolocalism intersection, which altogether enriches the RPT. Findings suggest that craft-brewers build upon local places and culture to differentiate from, rather than fight against, their competitors. Findings can also guide agencies seeking to diversify the tourism offerings through craft-beverage tourism.}, journal={JOURNAL OF TRAVEL RESEARCH}, author={Carrillo, Brendali and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{arroyo_barbieri_knollenberg_kline_2023, title={Can craft beverages shape a destination's image? A cognitive intervention to measure pisco-related resources on conative image}, volume={95}, ISSN={["1879-3193"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104677}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104677}, abstractNote={Assessing potential tourists' perceptions is vital to build a destination image and brand capable to attract new and repeated visitors. The increasing popularity of craft beverage tourism in recent years is incentivizing destinations to (re)design their offerings and (re)brand their image based on their craft beverages. This study investigated how the image of an emerging craft beverage tourism destination (Ica, Peru) is formed among potential tourists by inducing cognitive image (knowledge presented through picture-text dyads) of Ica's iconic resources, staple craft beverage (pisco), and resources associated with its production. Additionally, it measured the impact of local resources' characteristics, affective image, and personal characteristics on conative image (interest to visit and willingness to recommend) at different intervention stages. Results indicate that pisco-related resources are powerful enough to motivate travel, and that the characteristics of a mix of resources should be combined with beverage-specific information when developing branding strategies for craft beverage tourism destinations.}, journal={TOURISM MANAGEMENT}, author={Arroyo, Claudia Gil and Barbieri, Carla and Knollenberg, Whitney and Kline, Carol}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @inbook{savage_barbieri_jakes_2023, title={Cultivating success: personal, family and societal attributes affecting women in agritourism}, url={https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003329541-16}, DOI={10.4324/9781003329541-16}, author={Savage, Ann E. and Barbieri, Carla and Jakes, Susan}, year={2023}, month={Jan} }
 @article{reilly_stevenson_cutts_brune_knollenberg_barbieri_2023, title={Family matters: intergenerational influences on children's agricultural literacy}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1940-1892"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2023.2257884}, DOI={10.1080/00958964.2023.2257884}, abstractNote={AbstractAgricultural and environmental literacy are essential public goods, but associated education efforts struggle to reach broad audiences. Understanding learner backgrounds and lived experiences can help address this challenge. We assessed the relative importance of demographics, parent views of agriculture, interactions with farmers and parents, and learning setting in predicting agricultural literacy among 525 elementary school children in North Carolina, USA. We used classification and regression trees and random forest models, which account for non-linear and interacting relationships. Knowing a farmer and engagement with parents were more predictive of children agricultural literacy than demographics, countering historically held deficit-based assumptions around agricultural and environmental literacy.Keywords: agricultural literacyenvironmental literacyclassification and regression tree analysisculturally responsive programming AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank the participating families who took time out of their farm visits or busy days to share their thoughts and feelings on local foods. We also thank the teachers who partnered with us on this project, particularly those who continued as COVID-19 posed a myriad of challenges.Disclosure statementNo potential competing interest was reported by the author(s).}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION}, author={Reilly, Caitlin and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Cutts, Bethany B. and Brune, Sara and Knollenberg, Whitney and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @inbook{lapan_morais_wallace_barbieri_floyd_2023, title={Gender, work, and tourism in the Guatemalan Highlands}, url={https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003435457-13}, DOI={10.4324/9781003435457-13}, author={LaPan, Chantell and Morais, Duarte B. and Wallace, Tim and Barbieri, Carla and Floyd, Myron F.}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{baby_barbieri_knollenberg_2023, title={How Memorable Are Agrifood Travel Experiences?}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4040035}, DOI={10.3390/tourhosp4040035}, abstractNote={Destinations seek to increase their competitiveness by offering memorable experiences that can stimulate repeat visitation and positive word of mouth. Travel experiences centered on agrifood systems (i.e., agrifood tourism) encompass a set of attributes (e.g., authenticity and interaction with locals) that tend to be memorable. However, the extent to which these attributes contribute to memorability warrants further investigation. Thus, this study identified common and distinct elements of memorability across agritourism, culinary tourism, and craft-beverage tourism compared to beach tourism (control group). We surveyed a panel (n = 1019) in 2023 using a hypothetical travel scenario with four experience options. A multivariate analysis of variance showed high levels of memorability across various attributes of the agrifood experiences (e.g., learning opportunities and hands-on participation), with few differences across them, as compared to beach tourism. This study advances the scholarly construct of agrifood tourism by incorporating memorability within its complex dynamics. The study results also provide insights that marketers and managers of destinations with a mix of agrifood experiences can use to improve destination competitiveness and memorability (e.g., increasing educational offerings and adding more participative activities).}, journal={Tourism and Hospitality}, author={Baby, Jibin and Barbieri, Carla and Knollenberg, Whitney}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{brune_knollenberg_barbieri_stevenson_2023, title={Towards a unified definition of local food}, volume={103}, ISSN={["1873-1392"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103135}, DOI={10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103135}, abstractNote={Despite the growing popularity of local food, there is still no unified definition used across the board. The lack of unified definition of local food can prevent effective marketing, policymaking, and research efforts. Given the inconsistencies on local food definitions, we sought to fill this gap by surveying consumers’ understanding of local food in North Carolina (NC, USA) departing from three categories of definitions found in the literature; local food defined in terms of: (1) market outlet (e.g., food bought directly from the farmer); (2) locality or political boundaries (e.g., food produced within the country); and (3) distance (e.g., food produced within 100 miles of commercialization). Informed by our study results, we propose defining local food in terms of the specific locality where is produced (e.g., county or state) as opposed to defining local food in terms of distance or market outlet. While the meaning of local food will remain contested among activists, governmental entities, and researchers, this study confirms that a shared meaning among consumers is emerging that should be incorporated across policy making, marketing, and research efforts.}, journal={JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES}, author={Brune, Sara and Knollenberg, Whitney and Barbieri, Carla and Stevenson, Kathryn}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{deason_seekamp_barbieri_2022, title={Actor-network theory and organizational resilience to climate change in community-based tourism}, volume={38}, ISSN={["2213-0799"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jort.2021.100483}, abstractNote={The tourism industry is witnessing disturbances due to climate change, increasing the risk to community-based ecotourism organizations in developing countries. There are limited studies on the resilience of tourism organizations, particularly in Latin America. We apply Actor Network Theory (ANT) in our study of an indigenous, community-based ecotourism organization in southern Mexico to understand its resilience to climate change. We generated interview data with community members both active and not active in the ecotourism organization, as well as tourists, using purposive convenience sampling, chain-referral sampling, and negative case sampling. Using theoretical thematic analysis, we examined the four steps of translation of the actor-network, as well as the adaptive capacity of the ecotourism organization. We conclude that the use of ANT provides a robust description of a tourism organization's adaptive capacity and helps elucidate the role out-migration plays in the resilience of this tourism network. By including human and non-human actants in the tourism network, this study adds to the literature on organizational climate change resilience, and provides a much-needed starting point from which to study community-based ecotourism and climate change in Latin America. The paper shows how managers can apply the Actor-Network-Theory as a lens for systems analysis: to study the resilience in social-ecological systems in tourism to understand the role of certain actants in the network to examine relationships and key factors- to strengthen the adaptive capacity, and to better withstand disturbances from climate change.}, journal={JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM-RESEARCH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Deason, Ginger and Seekamp, Erin and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{reilly_stevenson_warner_park_knollenberg_lawson_brune_barbieri_2022, title={Agricultural and environmental education: a call for meaningful collaboration in a U.S. context}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1469-5871"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2040431}, DOI={10.1080/13504622.2022.2040431}, abstractNote={Abstract Blending agricultural education (AE) and environmental education (EE) frameworks is a promising pathway towards the goals of boosting environmental engagement and support for local agricultural systems among broad public audiences. However, thoughtful and intentional collaboration between researchers is needed to facilitate these outcomes. We feel it is important to collapse existing disciplinary walls between AE and EE to effectively reposition both as critical public goods and address inequitable access to environmental and agricultural knowledge among the next generation. In this paper, we outline the historical context for the silos between U.S.-based AE and EE programmatic and research practice. We then present a new collaborative structure for scholars in both fields to work together to build agricultural and environmental literacy in support of environmentally sustainable, economically robust, and socially responsible agroecosystems. Ultimately, we aim to create structures for broader and more collaborative efforts through which to improve agricultural and environmental literacy for new generations of learners.}, number={9}, journal={Environmental Education Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Reilly, C. and Stevenson, K. and Warner, W. and Park, T. and Knollenberg, W. and Lawson, D. and Brune, S. and Barbieri, C.}, year={2022}, pages={1410–1422} }
 @article{savage_barbieri_jakes_2022, title={Cultivating success: personal, family and societal attributes affecting women in agritourism}, volume={10}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838528}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2020.1838528}, abstractNote={Abstract The public’s burgeoning interest in authentic place-based experiences and local foods, as well as farmers’ interest in increasing their incomes continue driving the development of agritourism. Although women often initiate agritourism, scant information identifies the factors contributing to or hindering their success. Therefore, this study combines feminist and systems approaches to identify the factors affecting women achievements in their functions as farmers and entrepreneurs and in various aspects of their lives. With such an aim, 216 women farmers in North Carolina (USA) were surveyed in 2017. Descriptive and inferential statistics of data collected indicate that women felt moderately successful in their farmer and entrepreneur roles, while self-fulfillment and business continuance appeared as the most important dimensions of their success. Significant models indicate that attributes at the personal, farm household, and society levels predict women’s perceived functional success and the importance of different life aspects to their success. Study results move the literature of women in agritourism beyond entrepreneurial motivations by providing a thorough understanding of how gendered nuances in agriculture affect farm women’s success in a holistic manner. This study also contributes to the sustainability of the agritourism practice by identifying attributes that increases chances of success among women farmers.}, journal={Journal of Sustainable Tourism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Savage, Ann E. and Barbieri, Carla and Jakes, Susan}, year={2022}, month={Jul}, pages={1–21} }
 @article{brune_knollenberg_stevenson_barbieri_2022, title={Investigating Predictors of Public- and Private-Sphere Sustainable Behaviors in the Context of Agritourism}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020663}, DOI={10.3390/su14020663}, abstractNote={Encouraging sustainable behaviors regarding food choices among the public is crucial to ensure food systems’ sustainability. We expand the understanding of sustainable behavioral change by assessing engagement in local food systems (LFSs) in the context of agritourism experiences. Using theory of planned behavior (TPB) and personal norms, we conducted pre–post-surveys at agritourism farms to measure the impact of changes in the TPB behavioral antecedents as predictors of the following behavioral intentions regarding LFS engagement: (1) purchasing local food (private-sphere behavior), (2) increasing monthly budget to purchase local food (private-sphere behavior) and (3) advocating for local food (public-sphere behavior). Our findings indicate that strategies to encourage LFS engagement should seek to activate moral considerations that can motivate action across private and public behaviors, which applies to various demographic groups. To stimulate collective action, strategies should target subjective norms specifically (e.g., encouraging social interaction around local food), while strategies encouraging private behaviors should focus on easing perceived barriers to buying local food (e.g., promoting local food outlets). As agritourism experiences effectively modify the three above-mentioned behavioral antecedents, we advocate for holistic experiences that provide opportunities for deeper engagement with local food, stimulate the senses, and facilitate social interaction around LFSs.}, number={2}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Brune, Sara and Knollenberg, Whitney and Stevenson, Kathryn and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{vukomanovic_barbieri_knollenberg_yoshizumi_arroyo_2022, title={To travel or not to travel during COVID-19: The influence of political ideology on travel intentions in the USA}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2666-9579"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.annale.2022.100078}, abstractNote={• Most respondents were very concerned about traveling during COVID-19. • There is a relationship between travel during COVID-19 and political ideology. • Political ideology is a good predictor of travel attitudes during COVID-19. • Right-leaning respondents were more likely to travel if COVID conditions remain. • Political ideology should be considered in tourism-related policy and planning.}, number={2}, journal={ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS}, author={Vukomanovic, Jelena and Barbieri, Carla and Knollenberg, Whitney and Yoshizumi, Alexander and Arroyo, Claudia Gil}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @inbook{xu_barbieri_2022, title={Wine tourism development}, url={https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003143628-23}, DOI={10.4324/9781003143628-23}, abstractNote={Wine tourism has been widely developed and researched worldwide. However, previous research predominantly focused on wine tourist behaviors or regional development issues, with limited research assessing from the host community’s perspective. Understanding and involving the host community is fundamental to gaining community support for tourism development and essential for the success and sustainability of tourism endeavors. Therefore, a study was conducted examining residents’ attitudes toward wine tourism development and communities’ wine tourism–related social capital in North Carolina. The influence of other factors (e.g., demographics, wine involvement) on residents’ attitudes and wine tourism–related social capital were also explored. A total of 663 households from communities along two wine trails were randomly surveyed. Results indicated that residents were neutral in their attitudes toward local wineries with regards to personal benefits and community impacts and that the region has not yet fully developed wine tourism–related social capital. Residents’ sociodemographics and visit frequency to local wineries were significantly associated with their perceived personal benefits and community impacts and the wine tourism–related social capital. Study findings highlight practical implications for wineries to spread benefits and bond with surrounding communities, especially in regions at the inception stage of wine tourism development.}, author={Xu, Shuangyu and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2022}, month={Oct} }
 @article{knollenberg_arroyo_barbieri_boys_2021, title={Craft beverage tourism development: The contributions of social capital}, volume={20}, ISSN={["2212-5752"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100599}, DOI={10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100599}, abstractNote={This study investigates the role that social capital plays in synergizing two growing components of economic development for many communities - the tourism and craft beverage industries. By focusing on an emerging craft beverage tourism destination, Wake County in North Carolina (United States), this study illustrates the economic development outcomes that can be generated by craft beverage tourism and the forms of social capital needed to establish and sustain this type of niche tourism. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 30 stakeholders revealed that craft beverage tourism contributes to economic development outcomes such as: (1) community capacity, (2) firm and industry capacity, (3) entrepreneurial activity, and (4) innovative infrastructure. Both bridging and bonding social capital supported these outcomes in the forms of (1) collaboration among stakeholders, (2) support for new members of the industry, (3) craft beverage stakeholders' involvement with the community, and (4) creation of a craft beverage destination. Results indicate that bonding social capital is a crucial resource for establishing and sustaining Wake County's craft beverage industry and its development as a craft beverage destination. However, there is only limited utilization of bridging social capital in efforts to advance craft beverage tourism development. Collectively, these findings outline the economic development benefits of craft beverage tourism and the social capital resources needed to achieve those benefits. These insights can facilitate the development of CBT products.}, journal={JOURNAL OF DESTINATION MARKETING & MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Knollenberg, Whitney and Arroyo, Claudia Gil and Barbieri, Carla and Boys, Kathryn}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{lapan_morais_wallace_barbieri_floyd_2021, title={Gender, work, and tourism in the Guatemalan Highlands}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1747-7646"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1952418}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2021.1952418}, abstractNote={Abstract While much of modern tourism research centers on the tourist as a leisure consumer, workers are frequently overlooked. Despite a recent uptick in attention to tourism work, the primary focus remains on employee’s skills and qualifications. In contrast, the key contextual factors of race, ethnicity, and gender that surround tourism work are seldom examined. This comparative study addresses the theme of traditional gender roles, particularly in patriarchal societies, and how they affect tourism work. Specifically, it investigates how the presence of tourism influences cultural norms determining appropriate jobs for men and women. Utilizing an ethnographic field research approach, data were collected from participants in two indigenous Maya communities in Guatemala, each with differing models and lengths of tourism development. Free-listing exercises were used to elicit residents’ perceptions of employment as it relates to gender in their community and cultural consensus analysis was used to analyze the data. Results show that neither community shares consensus on jobs for women and only one community shares consensus on men’s jobs. Results suggest that tourism disrupts cultural norms related to gender roles; yet this may not always benefit women.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={LaPan, Chantell and Morais, Duarte B. and Wallace, Tim and Barbieri, Carla and Floyd, Myron F.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{arroyo_knollenberg_barbieri_2021, title={Inputs and outputs of craft beverage tourism: The Destination Resources Acceleration Framework}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1873-7722"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.annals.2020.103102}, abstractNote={Craft beverage tourism is a growing niche in the United States and an attractive strategy for sustainable community development. A new integrated framework analyzes the development of craft beverage tourism by combining two theoretical models: The Community Capitals Framework and Creative Placemaking. The resulting Destination Resources Acceleration Framework was applied in North Carolina (United States). Semi-structured interviews with 30 craft beverage tourism stakeholders revealed creativity and meaning accelerate the generation of the community capitals which support and result from craft beverage tourism. This study contributes to the understanding of the resource inputs a community needs to develop a new economic activity such as craft beverage tourism, and the resources generated by this form of development.}, journal={ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH}, author={Arroyo, Claudia Gil and Knollenberg, Whitney and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @article{brune_knollenberg_stevenson_barbieri_schroeder-moreno_2021, title={The Influence of Agritourism Experiences on Consumer Behavior toward Local Food}, volume={7}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520938869}, DOI={10.1177/0047287520938869}, abstractNote={Agritourism—visiting a working farm for education or recreation—may serve as a tool to increase local food consumption as it often includes opportunities to purchase local food on-site. Yet, the influence of agritourism on consumers’ local food purchasing behavior remains underexplored. Thus, this study measures the impact of agritourism experiences on consumers’ intentions to purchase local food. To do so, visitors were surveyed at six agritourism farms with similar agritourism activities (e.g., U-pick, educational displays, and on-site market) located across North Carolina (USA) before (pre) and after (post) their visits (n = 328). Data, collected during the 2018–2019 peak agritourism season, were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance. Findings indicate that agritourism experiences effectively increase consumers’ intentions to purchase local food. These findings advance the scholarship of agritourism. They also provide useful information to design effective marketing campaigns to promote the purchase and consumption of local food and strengthen local agricultural systems.}, journal={Journal of Travel Research}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Brune, Sara and Knollenberg, Whitney and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Barbieri, Carla and Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle}, year={2021}, month={Jul}, pages={004728752093886} }
 @article{halim_barbieri_morais_jakes_seekamp_2020, title={Beyond economic earnings: The holistic meaning of success for women in agritourism}, volume={12}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124907}, DOI={10.3390/su12124907}, abstractNote={Women’s predominant role in agritourism expands their also significant involvement in agriculture and rural development. Yet, when measured in economic terms, women in agritourism appear to be less successful than men. We argue that economic earnings are a limited measure of success, as women value their accomplishments in a comprehensive and distinctive sense. To better understand women’s success in agritourism, we conducted a study addressing limitations in methodologies and scope of the existing scholarship. Framed within feminist and emic approaches, we used a combination of qualitative methods of inquiry (open-ended interviews, mini focus groups, nominal group exercises) to generate data from 20 female agritourism entrepreneurs in North Carolina (USA). Findings show women in agritourism define success through nine distinct themes, four of which are newly emerging (ensuring customer satisfaction, being constantly on the move, pursuing happiness, perpetuating the family farm). Participants also identified seven opportunities that they perceive contribute to their self-defined success. Our study adds to the scholarship and practice of gender in agritourism by expanding the economic definition of entrepreneurial success. In doing so, we provide managerial and policy intelligence that can be used to stimulate rural development.}, number={12}, journal={Sustainability}, author={Halim, M.F. and Barbieri, C. and Morais, D.B. and Jakes, S. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2020}, pages={4907} }
 @article{li_barbieri_2020, title={Demystifying Members’ Social Capital and Networks within an Agritourism Association: A Social Network Analysis}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp1010004}, DOI={10.3390/tourhosp1010004}, abstractNote={Membership associations are vital to build social capital and networks among their members through the exchange of information and resources, roles especially valuable for emerging entrepreneurs. That is the case of associations catering to professionals in agritourism, an enterprise bringing farming and tourism together. However, whether the exchange of information and resources among members holds true within agritourism associations is yet to be known. Filling this knowledge gap is critical given the stated benefits agritourism delivers to society and farmers’ necessity to expand their business networks to increase entrepreneurial success. Therefore, this study evaluated the extent of social capital and networks within a prominent agritourism-focused association in North America. Data were collected from members using a web-based survey in 2016. Analyses included descriptive statistical tests and Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results showed high levels of social capital among members, especially related to its relational dimension (e.g., share professional advice), as well as strong bi-directional (to/from) trust, cooperation, and reciprocity among members. SNA indicated members were well connected and had a healthy information exchange, without the organization intervention. Study results are discussed to provide managerial intelligence towards strengthening social capital and networks within associations catering to agritourism and other niche-tourism professionals.}, journal={Tourism and Hospitality}, author={Li, Jing and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{xu_barbieri_seekamp_2020, title={Social Capital along Wine Trails: Spilling the Wine to Residents?}, volume={12}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041592}, DOI={10.3390/su12041592}, abstractNote={Social capital is a vital element of tourism development and sustainability, and has thus drawn significant attention during the past decade. Yet, this topic is still under-researched in the context of niche tourism, especially along linear tourism settings such as wine trails. As a major component of wine tourism, wine trails have been growing rapidly worldwide to further regional tourism development. To examine the level of social capital related with wine tourism, communities surrounding two wine trails in North Carolina (U.S.) were surveyed regarding the Trust, Information Sharing, Collective Action, Bonding and Bridging dimensions of social capital. Results indicated the Piedmont region has not yet fully developed the social capital associated with local wine trails, although residents perceived somewhat strong Collective Action derived from this growing tourism niche. Visitation frequency to wine trails was found to be significantly associated with all dimensions of wine tourism social capital. This study advances the wine tourism scholarship concerning social capital along wine trails (e.g., integrating main dimensions into one scale). It also sheds light on wine trail development and management, suggesting local wineries and wine trails invest greater effort in forging community bonds, especially among older residents, and bridging with local businesses.}, number={4}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Xu, Shuangyu and Barbieri, Carla and Seekamp, Erin}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={1592} }
 @article{carrillo_barbieri_knollenberg_edwards_2020, title={The stress from my tour leading job: Differences between genders}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1839-5260"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.013}, abstractNote={This study compared job stressors between female and male Tour Leaders (TLs) operating in South America, mainly Peru and Bolivia. In 2017, 82 TLs were surveyed about their level of stress on 30 items representing four sources of job stress: job roles, nature of the job, tourists’ attitudes and behaviors, and external factors. Statistical tests determined that female TLs perceive higher levels of stress from sexual harassment, natural disasters, facilitating the tourists-locals interaction, having limited free time during trips and constant packing/unpacking. Male TLs reported higher levels of stress when tourists supersede their authority. These results indicate the need to amend policy and managerial guidelines to increase gender equity in the tour leading profession.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT}, author={Carrillo, Brendali and Barbieri, Carla and Knollenberg, Whitney and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={211–214} }
 @article{brune_knollenberg_stevenson_barbieri_2020, title={U-Pick Farms: Harvesting More than Pumpkins}, volume={38}, ISSN={["2160-6862"]}, DOI={10.18666/JPRA-2020-10038}, abstractNote={Recreational experiences offer many benefits to individuals and society, including improved mental and physical health. Yet, limited evidence is available on the potential benefits of recreation as a path to stimulate desired behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this work is to discuss preliminary findings of whether participating in agritourism influences intended local foods purchasing behavior. To achieve this purpose, we surveyed 173 recreationists before and after visiting a farm offering recreational activities (agritourism) in 2018. Results of repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance indicate that agritourism influenced participants’ attitudes and intended behavior toward local foods although subjective norms and perceived behavioral control remained unchanged. However, the regression analysis indicated that changes in subjective norms and perceived behavioral control predicted changes in intended behavior. We conclude that agritourism can encourage consumers’ purchasing intentions of local foods, supporting an underexplored additional benefit of recreational experiences as a path to promote desirable behaviors. Further, agritourism experiences may be most effective at encouraging local foods purchasing when they show that buying local foods is socially supported and relatively easy. Subscribe to JPRA}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF PARK AND RECREATION ADMINISTRATION}, author={Brune, Sara and Knollenberg, Whitney and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2020}, pages={135–144} }
 @article{barbieri_streifeneder_2019, title={Agritourism Advances around the Globe: A Commentary from the Editors}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2391-9531"]}, DOI={10.1515/opag-2019-0068}, abstractNote={Over the last four decades, changes in the agricultural production system (e.g., enhanced technologies, vertical and horizontal corporate integration), macro political contexts (e.g., selected subsidies, trade agreements), and overall society (e.g., globalized markets, urban sprawl) have been shaping the world agricultural context (Wilson 2008). Although those changes have impacted–and keeps impacting–world regions at different pace, farmers who are not willing or not able to jump into the new agricultural production mode are the most affected globally. As a result, many farmers have steadily moved away from farming or sought alternative ways of income diversification to keep their farm business afloat. Among the latter, agritourism–broadly defined as leisure, educational and recreational activities offered on working farms (Gil Arroyo et al. 2013)–is a salient diversification strategy. For example, just in the Northern Italian Region of South Tyrol around, 15% of the existing farms offer tourist services (Astat 2019). Furthermore, this form of farm enterprise has steadily grown over the years as more people seek rural experiences. As any type of entrepreneurial development, agritourism has evolved to maximize farmer’s economic and non-economic gains while responding to specific clientele interests and needs (Tew & Barbieri 2012). Such a supply-demand interaction has created a wide range of agritourism opportunities worldwide, ranging from emerging destinations (e.g., Maharashtra in India) to very sophisticated and popular ones (e.g., Napa Valley in the USA). Global agritourism experiences also have different tones as its development depends on the farm’s agricultural resources and the cultural and natural landscapes of the surrounding communities (Gao et al. 2014). Such localized resource dependence has allowed Italy to become a staple of wine tourism, Spain to insert historic casas rurales within their farmscapes, and Peru to turn the cultura viva of indigenous communities into experiential offerings. Finally, geopolitical and economic contexts have also influenced the development of agritourism. Public initiatives in China, for instance, are supporting the transformation of entire agricultural villages into large agritourism destinations in which farmers become tourism providers of large numbers of urban dwellers seeking to escape from their daily lives (Han 2013; People 2010). The complexity and diversity of agritourism offerings has encouraged farmers, scientists, and private and public development agencies to support this industry by stimulating good practices and overcoming barriers. On-the-ground evidence indicates that agritourism can deliver many economic and non-economic benefits to farmers (e.g., increased profits, maintaining a desired lifestyle), their families (e.g., ease farm succession, reduction of undesired off-farm employment), and overall society (e.g., maintenance of biological corridors, stimulation of local economies; Barbieri 2013). Yet, evidence also indicates that farmers have many personal (e.g., limited business networks) and structural (e.g., gendered bias) barriers reducing chances of success (Yang 2012). The capacity of agritourism to foster sustainable development in agrarian settings by allowing visitors to experience genuine agricultural products and lifestyles has also stimulated the development of a robust scholarship line that has evolved over the years. Agritourism research has moved away from mere descriptions of the supply (e.g., farmers’ motivations and goals) and demand (e.g., visitors’ preferences) to unveil nuances that can help to expand its positive impacts (Barbieri 2019).}, number={1}, journal={OPEN AGRICULTURE}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Streifeneder, Thomas}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={712–714} }
 @article{barbieri_2019, title={Agritourism research: a perspective article}, volume={ahead-of-print}, ISSN={1660-5373 1660-5373}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0152}, DOI={10.1108/tr-05-2019-0152}, abstractNote={
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the substantial descriptive, ontological and epistemological advances of agritourism research from its origins. It also envisions how agritourism spaces and research will develop in the next 75 years.


Design/methodology/approach
Building upon the existing literature and existing agriculture and tourism trends, this paper elucidates on the future of agritourism spaces and research.


Findings
Agritourism research has made substantial descriptive, ontological and epistemological advances to consolidate its scholarly significance as an object of study. Future agritourism will be a continuum ranging from ag-interpretation to ag-themed spaces. Future research efforts should address where agritourism, as a farm diversification strategy, ends along the educational–recreational continuum, and how can agritourism spaces better assist to negotiate societal growing dissonances emanated from the rural–urban gap.


Originality/value
This note envisions how agritourism spaces will evolve in the next 75 years, and thus the issues that future research should address, as a result of agricultural and tourism trends.
}, number={ahead-of-print}, journal={Tourism Review}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Barbieri, Carla}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
 @article{gil arroyo_barbieri_sotomayor_knollenberg_2019, title={Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities}, volume={11}, ISSN={2071-1050}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113058}, DOI={10.3390/su11113058}, abstractNote={Tourism has the potential to empower women, particularly in rural areas. However, little is known about whether it can have the same effect in Andean communities, mainly because the traditional social and cultural structures of those communities have limited women’s ability to empower themselves through traditional economic activities. Through interviews with residents participating in agritourism development in seven communities across the Cusco and Puno regions (Peru, South America), this study examined the role of agritourism development in the empowerment of women in those communities as well as the ways in which it has changed traditional gender roles. Study findings revealed that agritourism contributes to four areas of empowerment for women: psychological, social, political, and economic. However, the culture of the Andean communities still has considerable influence on gender dynamics and may prevent women from garnering all the benefits of tourism development. Agritourism development in those communities should incorporate gender-related cultural considerations to navigate and overcome barriers, thereby allowing the maximization of empowerment benefits for women.}, number={11}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Gil Arroyo, Claudia and Barbieri, Carla and Sotomayor, Sandra and Knollenberg, Whitney}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={3058} }
 @article{barbieri_sotomayor_aguilar_2019, title={Perceived Benefits of Agricultural Lands Offering Agritourism}, volume={16}, ISSN={["2156-8324"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2017.1398780}, DOI={10.1080/21568316.2017.1398780}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study investigated residents’ perceived benefits of two types of agricultural lands (farms, cultivated forests) offering agritourism. Specifically, this study compared perceived socio-cultural, environmental, and economic services both types of lands produce and identified socio-economic, lifestyle behavioral, and past visit indicators associated with those perceptions. A survey was mailed to a random sample of 5000 households in Missouri (US), obtaining 969 responses. Respondents perceived that farms and forests produce several socio-cultural, environmental, and economic services to society, with few statistical differences between both. Socio-economic and lifestyle indicators were associated in different ways to residents’ perceptions of the services farms and forests provide. Socializing with friends and visiting those settings during childhood had a positive influence on all types of services derived from both settings. Policy, management, and marketing implications are discussed as to incorporate the benefits agricultural lands provide to society in the planning and development of agritourism.}, number={1}, journal={TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Sotomayor, Sandra and Aguilar, Francisco X.}, year={2019}, pages={43–60} }
 @article{barbieri_sotomayor_gil arroyo_2019, title={Sustainable Tourism Practices in Indigenous Communities: The Case of the Peruvian Andes}, volume={4}, ISSN={2156-8316 2156-8324}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1597760}, DOI={10.1080/21568316.2019.1597760}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The Peruvian government has supported community-based tourism (CBT) for the last ten years seeking to improve the well-being of marginalized rural communities sustainably. Yet, the notion of sustainability among these CBT providers has not been formally assessed, nor the impact of different managerial models in such a notion. Thus, we interviewed members of seven CBT initiatives operating in the Peruvian Andes to evaluate their level of understanding of sustainability and their awareness of the impacts their activities produce. Analysis yielded five themes and 17 sub-themes which altogether illustrate interviewees’ understanding of sustainability attained throughout their path of developing CBT. Findings revealed these CBT initiatives implement many sustainable practices, likely due to the training they receive from supporting agencies. Notably, they assert CBT should remain complementary to agricultural livelihoods as to allow benefits to outweigh negative impacts. Findings also show management and networking inefficiencies in need of improvement to increase sustainability.}, journal={Tourism Planning & Development}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Sotomayor, Sandra and Gil Arroyo, Claudia}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={1–18} }
 @article{carrillo_barbieri_knollenberg_edwards_2019, title={Tour Leading in South America: Job Inputs and Outcomes}, volume={59}, ISSN={0047-2875 1552-6763}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519880018}, DOI={10.1177/0047287519880018}, abstractNote={Tour Leader’s (TLs) performance is a key determinant of tourists’ satisfaction. Yet, research on the set of rewards and stressors (job inputs) that TLs experience and how these affect their quality of life and job satisfaction (job outcomes) is scant. This study, framed within the facet analysis model, fills this knowledge gap using data collected from 82 TLs operating in South America. Respondents were satisfied with nonfinancial rewards and perceived low stress levels resulting from their jobs. Although most reported positive psychological outcomes, they also acknowledged a decrease in their quality of convivial life. Analysis indicated that job inputs significantly affected TLs’ psychological and convivial well-being and job satisfaction. Study results expand the scholarship of the inputs and outcomes of tour leading and provides managerial and policy insights to increase TLs’ quality of life and job satisfaction, which is critical to enhance job performance.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Travel Research}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Carrillo, Brendali and Barbieri, Carla and Knollenberg, Whitney and Edwards, Michael B.}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={004728751988001} }
 @article{sotomayor_arroyo_barbieri_2019, title={Tradition and modernity side-by-side: experiential tourism among Quechua communities}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1747-7654"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2019.1591683}, DOI={10.1080/14766825.2019.1591683}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Experiential tourism can be a catalyst for enhancing the wellbeing of indigenous communities. Yet, experiential tourism is a conundrum as cultural adaption to increase tourists’ satisfaction can threaten authenticity. This study examined the dialectic between experiential tourism and traditional culture among seven Quechua communities in Peru offering experiential tourism, by addressing three questions: (1) What is the perceived the role of ancestral traditions in experiential tourism? (2) To what extent modernism permeates into their lifestyles?, and (3) How do they negotiate ancestral traditions and modernism? Data collected in 2015 revealed that locals involved in tourism considered a priority to keep their ancestral traditions alive by passing them on to new generations; those not involved in tourism are less compliant of cultural authenticity. As a result, study communities showed signs of acculturation, syncretism and re-authentication. Findings also revealed that tourism is perceived as the catalyst for keeping and recovering traditional cultural manifestations, while modernism of certain practices is a necessity. This study contributes to the tourism scholarship by stressing the necessity to negotiate the coexistence of modernity and traditions in experiential tourism. Findings also elucidate policy and marketing suggestions to increase the positive effect of experiential tourism in heritage preservation.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE}, author={Sotomayor, Sandra and Arroyo, Claudia Gil and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={377–393} }
 @article{barbieri_stevenson_knollenberg_2018, title={Broadening the utilitarian epistemology of agritourism research through children and families}, volume={22}, ISSN={1368-3500 1747-7603}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1497011}, DOI={10.1080/13683500.2018.1497011}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT The genesis of agritourism is rooted in diversifying income for farmers, and accordingly, epistemological framing of agritourism research has focused on understanding the direct economic value of farm visits. The literature has identified multiple measures of tourism values and we propose that a similar broad epistemological perspective is needed to expand the analysis of the full spectrum of benefits that agritourism can provide to farmers and food systems. We describe the potential, yet unmeasured, benefits of agritourism and propose to empirically examine the educational and marketing potential of agritourism through building agricultural literacy among young visitors and encouraging family-level support of local food systems. We offer this as one example of how to expand of the epistemological approach to agritourism research, which will allow for a more holistic account of its benefits.}, number={19}, journal={Current Issues in Tourism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Stevenson, Kathryn T. and Knollenberg, Whitney}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={2333–2336} }
 @article{nazariadli_morais_barbieri_smith_2018, title={Does perception of authenticity attract visitors to agricultural settings?}, volume={43}, ISSN={["2320-0308"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.1380144}, DOI={10.1080/02508281.2017.1380144}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT In the context of social and cultural relativity, there has been ample discussion about the fluidity and complexity of authenticity. This debate, termed ‘dilemma of authenticity’, centres around conflicting stances among tourism theorists, practitioners, marketers, and host communities with regards to how authenticity is perceived and how it influences tourists’ decision-making. This uncertainty has hindered agritourism entrepreneurs who remain unsure of how they may rely on authenticity to attract tourists. This paper examines perceptions of authenticity in working agricultural landscapes through two between-subject experiments to investigate how appealing the self-expressed authentic agricultural elements appear to potential tourists. One experiment was carried out in a controlled laboratory experiment employing Immersive Virtual Environment technology, and the second via a web-based survey using two-dimensional photos. Participants were undergraduate students and Amazon Mechanical Turk Master Workers, respectively. The results suggest that participants identify productive elements of agricultural landscapes as both authentic and appealing, though significantly differing in regards to socio-cultural elements. The triangulation of methods and samples reveal discrepant findings for wooded and riparian areas. This paper brings about novel findings about the perception of authenticity and appeal in agricultural settings.}, number={1}, journal={TOURISM RECREATION RESEARCH}, author={Nazariadli, Shahab and Morais, Duarte B. and Barbieri, Carla and Smith, Jordan W.}, year={2018}, pages={91–104} }
 @article{li_canziani_barbieri_2018, title={Emotional labor in hospitality: Positive affective displays in service encounters}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1742-9692"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416637253}, DOI={10.1177/1467358416637253}, abstractNote={The study used web-based simulated hospitality scenarios to examine cultural differences in emotional cognition of facial expressions among Chinese and American subjects in an exploratory study. Results indicate that the two cultural groups interpreted smiling and direct eye-gaze similarly. Although a smiling face elicited positive emotional affective responses from both cultural groups, smiling alone was not sufficient to stimulate more positive subject reactions: Smiling needs to be accompanied by direct eye-gaze to fully elicit positive reactions from subjects. Study results suggest that global hospitality standards should reflect findings of psychological research on emotional labor and also that business normative guidelines should encourage the display of smiling faces along with direct eye-gaze to motivate a positive customer experience. No support was found for tailoring facial expressions related training to customers’ cultural backgrounds.}, number={2}, journal={TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY RESEARCH}, author={Li, Jing and Canziani, Bonnie F. and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={242–253} }
 @article{norman_stronen_fuglstad_ruiz-gonzalez_kindberg_street_spong_2017, title={Landscape relatedness: detecting contemporary fine-scale spatial structure in wild populations}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1572-9761"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10980-016-0434-2}, abstractNote={Methods for detecting contemporary, fine-scale population genetic structure in continuous populations are scarce. Yet such methods are vital for ecological and conservation studies, particularly under a changing landscape. Here we present a novel, spatially explicit method that we call landscape relatedness (LandRel). With this method, we aim to detect contemporary, fine-scale population structure that is sensitive to spatial and temporal changes in the landscape. We interpolate spatially determined relatedness values based on SNP genotypes across the landscape. Interpolations are calculated using the Bayesian inference approach integrated nested Laplace approximation. We empirically tested this method on a continuous population of brown bears (Ursus arctos) spanning two counties in Sweden. Two areas were identified as differentiated from the remaining population. Further analysis suggests that inbreeding has occurred in at least one of these areas. LandRel enabled us to identify previously unknown fine-scale structuring in the population. These results will help direct future research efforts, conservation action and aid in the management of the Scandinavian brown bear population. LandRel thus offers an approach for detecting subtle population structure with a focus on contemporary, fine-scale analysis of continuous populations.}, number={1}, journal={LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY}, author={Norman, Anita J. and Stronen, Astrid V. and Fuglstad, Geir-Arne and Ruiz-Gonzalez, Aritz and Kindberg, Jonas and Street, Nathaniel R. and Spong, Goran}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={181–194} }
 @misc{santeramo_barbieri_2017, title={On the demand for agritourism: a cursory review of methodologies and practice}, volume={14}, ISSN={["2156-8324"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1137968}, DOI={10.1080/21568316.2015.1137968}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT During the last decades agritourism has expanded tremendously worldwide given visitors’ increased interest to appreciate the life in the countryside and farmers’ need to enhance their revenues from different economic activities. Despite such enlarged agritourism development, scant information is available on the state of its demand at both national and international levels. Given such a need, we cursorily reviewed the range of econometric methods employed to evaluate the demand of agritourism, summarizing the salient findings in their application. Our assessment shows that current studies provide a limited characterization of the agritourism demand, especially in terms of methods utilized and information compiled. We suggest that a broader set of economic approaches are needed to control for existing bias and model flaws, and to isolate the features and amenities pulling visitors to agritourism destinations. We also suggest expanding economic studies to fully capture the impact of increased agritourism demand in surrounding communities.}, number={1}, journal={TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT}, author={Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2017}, pages={139–148} }
 @article{barbieri_xu_gil-arroyo_rich_2016, title={Agritourism, Farm Visit, or ... ? A Branding Assessment for Recreation on Farms}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1552-6763"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287515605930}, DOI={10.1177/0047287515605930}, abstractNote={The demand and offer of recreational activities on farms has increased over the last decades and promises increased growth in the future because of the benefits it brings to farmers and visitors. Despite this growth, a breadth of names (e.g., agritourism, farm visit) are used interchangeably to depict this activity. Such inconsistency reflects a lack of industry branding which diminishes marketing effectiveness and hinders stakeholders’ collaboration. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the Memorability, Distinctiveness, Relevance and Flexibility and overall preference of eight typical names associated with recreation on farms among farmers and visitors. The multimodal approach employed reveals that efforts are needed to standardize and diffuse a brand name for recreation on farms because of reduced Memorability. Although “Agritourism” appears suitable to brand recreation on farms given its Distinctiveness, Relevance, and Flexibility, results are inconclusive and call for further efforts for educating the public about its meaning.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF TRAVEL RESEARCH}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Xu, Shuangyu and Gil-Arroyo, Claudia and Rich, Samantha Rozier}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={1094–1108} }
 @article{sotomayor_barbieri_2016, title={An Exploratory Examination of Serious Surfers: Implications for the Surf Tourism Industry}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1522-1970"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2033}, DOI={10.1002/jtr.2033}, abstractNote={Surf tourism is a multibillion dollar industry expected to continue expanding. Despite such economic significance, the surf tourism literature has gaps related to surf tourism segments. In response, this study applied the serious leisure framework to profile serious surfers and contrast their sociodemographic composition and travel behaviors. Although more serious surfers are more avid travelers in the quest for the perfect wave as compared with less serious surfers, preference for local attractions and conveniences did not vary between groups. In addition to contributing the scholarship of serious leisure and surf tourism, this study provides insights for the surf tourism industry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH}, author={Sotomayor, Sandra and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2016}, pages={62–73} }
 @article{xu_leung_barbieri_2016, title={Characterizing Themed Touring Routes: A Geospatial and Tourism Evaluation of Wine Trails}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2156-8324"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1074096}, DOI={10.1080/21568316.2015.1074096}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Wine trails have been the most commonly developed type of Themed Touring Routes (TTRs) around the world during the past decade. Despite such development, limited studies have examined their geospatial or tourism characteristics reducing marketing and managerial efficacy. To address this gap, this study measured six geospatial and tourism attributes of nine wine trails in North Carolina (USA) toward a characterization of TTRs. Results indicated a shared low Connectivity and good Accessibility among study wine trails regardless of their spatial patterns. Tourism-wise, services provided were Comprehensive within wine trails and Complementary across wineries. Results provided managerial intelligence to existing wine trails, such as the need to enhance local road network density and outbalance tourism dominance within trails. Results were also used to develop a geospatial-tourism classification of wine trails which provide managerial intelligence to optimize resources allocation and to shed light on characterizing other types of TTRs.}, number={2}, journal={TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT}, author={Xu, Shuangyu and Leung, Yu-Fai and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2016}, pages={168–184} }
 @article{lapan_morais_barbieri_wallace_2016, title={Power, altruism and communitarian tourism: A comparative study}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1695-7121"]}, DOI={10.25145/j.pasos.2016.14.058}, abstractNote={espanolLos residentes de San Juan La Laguna y San Pedro La Laguna, dos pueblos vecinos en la cuenca del Lago de Atitlan (Guatemala), han seguido trayectorias de desarrollo turistico muy diferentes a pesar de su proximidad. En este estudio se explora las percepciones de los residentes de comunidades bajo diferentes modelos economicos y aborda las debilidades de los enfoques teoricos actuales. Se realiza un estudio comparativo de casos etnografico, a fin de explorar las percepciones de las residentes respecto a las ventajas e inconvenientes derivadas del desarrollo turistico de sus pueblos. Los hallazgos indican que los prevaleciente constructos teoricos no explican plenamente esta dinamica en contextos no occidentales y que son no practican laissez faire capitalismo. Los resultados tambien sugieren que la fuerte colaboracion comunitaria guiada por organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales puede ayudar a mantener los beneficios del turismo en las comunidades de destino, mientras que previene algunos de sus costos. EnglishResidents of San Juan La Laguna and San Pedro La Laguna, neighboring towns on the shores of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala, have followed very different trajectories of tourism development despite their close proximity. This study explores residents’ perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of tourism development under two differing economic models and addresses weaknesses in current theoretical approaches. Findings from this ethnographic comparative case study indicate that prevailing theoretical constructs do not fully explain dynamics in non-western non- laissez faire capitalist contexts. Findings also suggest that strong community collaboration guided by governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can help to maintain tourism benefits locally, while at the same time preventing some of the costs of tourism development in destination communities.}, number={4}, journal={PASOS-REVISTA DE TURISMO Y PATRIMONIO CULTURAL}, author={LaPan, Chantell and Morais, Duarte B. and Barbieri, Carla and Wallace, Tim}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={889–906} }
 @article{xu_barbieri_anderson_leung_rozier-rich_2016, title={Residents' perceptions of wine tourism development}, volume={55}, ISSN={0261-5177}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2016.02.016}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.016}, abstractNote={Wine trails have been studied insufficiently within the tourism literature despite of their recent rapid development worldwide. In response, this study examines residents' perceptions of wine tourism development in terms of personal benefits and community impacts. It also explores whether residents' socio-demographics and levels of wine enthusiasm, and wine trails' tourism characterization influence residents' perceptions. Following a stratified random sampling procedure, residents living along two wine trails in the Piedmont region of North Carolina (U.S.) were surveyed. Results indicate that residents are neutral in their perceptions of the Piedmont wineries in terms of both personal benefits and community impacts. Residents' socio-demographics and level of wine enthusiasm, as well as the comprehensiveness of wine trails' tourism amenities were significantly associated with residents' perceptions. Results also indicate that personal benefits mediate residents' perceptions of community impacts. In addition to the oretical and methodological contributions, this paper outlines management implications for wine trails.}, journal={Tourism Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xu, Shuangyu and Barbieri, Carla and Anderson, Dorothy and Leung, Yu-Fai and Rozier-Rich, Samantha}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={276–286} }
 @article{kline_barbieri_lapan_2016, title={The Influence of Agritourism on Niche Meats Loyalty and Purchasing}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1552-6763"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287514563336}, DOI={10.1177/0047287514563336}, abstractNote={Although research has been increasing on agritourism, many questions remain. Studies have indicated that agritourism can bring both economic and noneconomic benefits to farmers and that sustainably raised agriculture products can lead to both health and environmental benefits. The current study explores the relationship between preferred meat attributes of the consumer (PMA), interest in visiting an agritourism farm (AI), and increased loyalty to a meat product or farm, termed the food system bond (FSB), among consumers in North Carolina, United States. Results indicate that (1) a preference for sustainable meat products has a positive influence on both interest in visiting a farm that raises livestock sustainably and on the food system bond and that (2) agritourism has a positive impact on the food system bond. This suggests the potential for agritourism to connect specialty consumers with niche farmers, increasing farm revenues, supporting sustainably raised agriculture, and fostering overall rural sustainability.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF TRAVEL RESEARCH}, author={Kline, Carol and Barbieri, Carla and LaPan, Chantell}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={643–658} }
 @article{shu_wang_jiang_huang_2016, title={Verification of the flexoelectricity in barium strontium titanate through d33 meter}, volume={6}, ISSN={2158-3226}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4968524}, DOI={10.1063/1.4968524}, abstractNote={Flexoelectricity is a newly arising electromechanical property that couples strain gradient to polarization. This physical property widely exists in most of the solid dielectrics but has quite weak response that often overlooked. Recently, barium strontium titanate (BST), a well-known ferroelectrics, has been reported to be a promising flexoelectric material, and thus triggered the associated studies on flexoelectricity to a new height. However, part of the researchers argued the observed flexoelectricity in BST is either by residual piezoelectricity or centric symmetry breaking during the densification process. In this paper, we would verify the flexoelectricity in BST ceramics by many comparison experiments. Our experimental result suggested the observed polarization in BST material is likely to be induced by strain gradient through flexoelectricity.}, number={12}, journal={AIP Advances}, publisher={AIP Publishing}, author={Shu, Longlong and Wang, Tong and Jiang, Xiaoning and Huang, Wenbin}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={125003} }
 @article{lapan_morais_wallace_barbieri_2016, title={WOMEN'S SELF-DETERMINATION IN COOPERATIVE TOURISM MICROENTERPRISES}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1943-4421"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427216x14581596799022}, DOI={10.3727/154427216x14581596799022}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study is to better understand how cooperative forms of microentrepreneurship influence women's self-determination. Utilizing the framework of self-determination theory, this study employed a multiple case study approach that involved in-depth interviews, content analysis, field notes, and direct observations. Findings indicate that livelihood opportunities afforded under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship offer women increased levels of self-determination, but that economic improvements alone are not sufficient in enhancing overall well-being. This study provides a detailed account of the strategies indigenous women employ to enhance their self-determination under cooperative tourism microentrepreneurship models. The results of this study suggest that programs by governments and NGOs should consider non-individual benefits when they engage with communities in tourism planning initiatives. Additionally, interventions aimed at women must also engage men or women may suffer from tensions at home. Finally, this study indicates that simply offering access to credit does not foster self-reliant development. The structures of cooperative models determine outcomes. Therefore, whenever possible, microentrepreneurship models should be designed to enhance strong cooperative social structures}, number={1}, journal={TOURISM REVIEW INTERNATIONAL}, author={LaPan, Chantell and Morais, Duarte B. and Wallace, Tim and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2016}, pages={41–55} }
 @article{li_whitlow_bitsura-meszaros_leung_barbieri_2015, title={A preliminary evaluation of World Heritage tourism promotion: comparing websites from Australia, China, and Mexico}, volume={13}, ISSN={2156-8316 2156-8324}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1101393}, DOI={10.1080/21568316.2015.1101393}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT World Heritage Sites (WHS), recognized for their remarkable natural and cultural values, are prime destinations for domestic and international tourists. Despite such values, limited information is available on the efficacy of promotion strategies to reach their markets. This note reports an instrument developed to evaluate WHS websites and the results from its application on government websites of Australia, China, and Mexico. These countries were selected based on their geographic location, perceived activeness in WHS promotion, and strong international tourism receipts. The evaluation instrument captured 33 attributes representing 5 dimensions: Communication, Site Attractiveness, Marketing Effectiveness, Technical Setup, and World Heritage Specifics. Results reveal significant variability in website quality, with areas identified for improvement, especially promoting specific World Heritage information. Besides sharing a validated instrument to evaluate WHS websites, this note discusses issues that need to be addressed to strengthen the web-based promotion of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's World Heritage Program.}, number={3}, journal={Tourism Planning & Development}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Li, Jing and Whitlow, Matthew and Bitsura-Meszaros, Karly and Leung, Yu-Fai and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={370–376} }
 @article{gao_barbieri_valdivia_2014, title={A socio-demographic examination of the perceived benefits of agroforestry}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1572-9680"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9683-8}, DOI={10.1007/s10457-014-9683-8}, number={2}, journal={AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS}, author={Gao, Jie and Barbieri, Carla and Valdivia, Corinne}, year={2014}, month={Apr}, pages={301–309} }
 @article{gao_barbieri_valdivia_2014, title={Agricultural Landscape Preferences: Implications for Agritourism Development}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1552-6763"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287513496471}, DOI={10.1177/0047287513496471}, abstractNote={ This study examines residents’ preferences for agricultural landscape features when engaging in agritourism activities by addressing two objectives: (1) to identify the features of agricultural landscapes that are more appealing to current and potential agritourists and (2) to compare those perceptions across respondents from different genders, agritourism experience, and agricultural attachment. Data were collected through an online survey conducted among three nonrandom panels of residents from Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Texas (250 per state). Results showed that respondents liked most landscape features commonly found in an agritourism farm, especially natural and cultural ones. Among these, the most preferred features they would like to see are wildlife, water resources, historic elements, and farm animals, suggesting that these can serve as farm pull attractions. Multivariate analyses of variance showed significant differences in landscape preferences across gender, levels of agritourism experience, and agricultural attachment, suggesting critical marketing and managing implications for farmers offering agritourism opportunities. }, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF TRAVEL RESEARCH}, author={Gao, Jie and Barbieri, Carla and Valdivia, Corinne}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={366–379} }
 @article{agritourism as a sustainable adaptation strategy to climate change in the andean altiplano_2014, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.02.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.tmp.2014.02.004}, abstractNote={The Andean Altiplano has a diversity of landscapes supporting rural livelihoods. Climate change historical trends and projections point to disruptions in the livelihoods of farmers in this region. This context of climate change requires system-wide analysis to determine socio-ecological adjustments. In response, we conceptualized agritourism as a climate change adaptation strategy capable of supplementing agricultural incomes and sustaining rural livelihoods in the Andean Altiplano. We operationalized the framework of change with data gathered from 134 households in Ancoraimes (Bolivian Altiplano) to identify attributes that could enable or constraint agritourism development at five intervention scales: production, livelihood, community/watershed, landscape/ecosystem, and government. By assessing the climate and socio-economic drivers and dynamics of change, and the local assets enabling agency in rural communities, agritourism is presented as a short-term strategy to increase household's revenues, reduce risks associated with agricultural production, and decrease the depletion of natural resources (soils, water, biodiversity) for the long-term sustainability of Andean agriculture-based livelihoods.}, journal={Tourism Management Perspectives}, year={2014}, month={Jul} }
 @article{barbieri_henderson_santos_2014, title={Exploring memorable surfing trips}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0160-7383"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.annals.2014.06.008}, abstractNote={• This notes explores the meanings of memorable surfing trips. • Living Surfing, Indelible Experiences, and An-other make a surfing trip memorable. • These themes altogether contribute to making a surfing trip memorable. • The Other (surfing fellows and locals) add to the surfing tourist space notion.}, journal={ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Henderson, Karla A. and Santos, Carla A.}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={277–280} }
 @article{sotomayor_barbieri_stanis_aguilar_smith_2014, title={Motivations for Recreating on Farmlands, Private Forests, and State or National Parks}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1432-1009"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0280-4}, DOI={10.1007/s00267-014-0280-4}, abstractNote={This study explores the importance of different motivations to visit three types of recreational settings--farms, private forests, and state or national parks. Data were collected via a mail-back questionnaire administered to a stratified random sample of households in Missouri (USA). Descriptive and inferential statistics reveal both similarities and discontinuities in motivations for visiting farms, private forests, and state or national parks for recreation. Being with family, viewing natural scenery, and enjoying the smells and sounds of nature were all highly important motivations for visiting the three types of settings. However, all 15 motivations examined were perceived to be significantly more important for visits to state or national parks than to farms or private forests. Findings suggest that individuals are more strongly motivated to recreate at state and national parks relative to farmlands or forests. Post hoc paired t tests comparing motivations between both agricultural settings (farms and private forests) revealed significant differences in eight different recreational motivations. Individuals tended to place more importance on the ability to use equipment and test their skills when considering recreating on private forests. Conversely, social motivations (e.g., doing something with the family) were more important when individuals were considering recreating on farmland. Collectively, the findings suggest individuals expect distinctly different outcomes from their visits to farmlands, private forests, or state or national parks. Consequently, all three types of recreational settings have competitive advantages that their managers could capitalize on when making decisions about how to attract new visitors or produce the most desirable experiences for current recreationists.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Sotomayor, Sandra and Barbieri, Carla and Stanis, Sonja Wilhelm and Aguilar, Francisco X. and Smith, Jordan W.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={138–150} }
 @article{deason_seekamp_barbieri_2014, title={Perceived impacts of climate change, coastal development and policy on oyster harvesting in the Southeastern United States}, volume={50}, ISSN={0308-597X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.05.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.marpol.2014.05.008}, abstractNote={Oyster harvest has long been an important industry of the eastern coast of the United States. However, coastal development, overfishing and climate change are threatening this industry and way of life. This study examines the perspectives of oyster harvesters and merchants in Brunswick County, North Carolina, USA to explore their capacity to adapt to these changing conditions. Using in-person, semi-structured interviews researchers collected information from seventeen interviewees, generating qualitative data that were analyzed using MAXQDA software. From the data collected several themes emerged revealing mixed sentiments on the impacts of climate change but a widespread sense that development and regulations threaten livelihoods and cultural heritage. This social–ecological system (SES), created through centuries of regulation, is experiencing rapid population growth with concurrent coastal development; it also includes oyster industry workers who have limited voice in decision-making but are affected by the political ecology of the region. Deliberately including oyster harvesters and merchants when formulating and implementing policy can help to strengthen the adaptive capacity of this SES while sustaining Brunswick County׳s coastal heritage.}, journal={Marine Policy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Deason, Ginger and Seekamp, Erin and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={142–150} }
 @article{lapan_barbieri_2014, title={The role of agritourism in heritage preservation}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1747-7603"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.849667}, DOI={10.1080/13683500.2013.849667}, abstractNote={This study examined the linkage between agritourism and heritage preservation by assessing the occurrence of and farmers' motivations for preserving tangible heritage in their farmlands. Results show that agritourism farmers are preserving tangible heritage in their farmlands, mainly driven by intrinsic motives. Farmland, farmer, and agritourism attributes are significantly associated with motivations driving heritage preservation. Study results suggest that although agritourism appears to be an adequate tool to preserve tangible heritage, farmers are missing the opportunity to economically gain from these resources, which may jeopardise the sustainability of their conservation efforts. This study not only advances the incipient understanding of the agritourism−heritage link, but identifies additional issues of this relationship that need to be investigated further.}, number={8}, journal={CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM}, author={Lapan, Chantell and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={666–673} }
 @article{leung_barbieri_floyd_2014, title={Tourism and recreation research along the natural-rural-urban gradient: Global trends and implications for China}, volume={29}, number={6}, journal={Tourism Tribune}, author={Leung, Y.-F. and Barbieri, C. and Floyd, M.F.}, year={2014}, pages={3–6} }
 @article{assessing the sustainability of agritourism in the us: a comparison between agritourism and other farm entrepreneurial ventures_2013, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.685174}, DOI={10.1080/09669582.2012.685174}, abstractNote={Diversifying on-farm enterprise portfolios, especially through agritourism, is claimed to increase farm revenues and help alleviate the economic problems of family farms. Thus, the adoption of agritourism in the US has steadily increased during recent years. Agritourism is also suggested to produce environmental and sociocultural benefits. To quantify these benefits, this study assessed the sustainability of agritourism farms, compared with other farm entrepreneurial ventures, using the “sustainable development” and “farm enterprise diversification” frameworks. Data from 873 US farms with a diversified entrepreneurial portfolio revealed that agritourism farms approach sustainability to a greater extent than their counterparts, producing multiple environmental, sociocultural and economic benefits for their farms, households and even society. Results suggest that agritourism, compared with other farm entrepreneurial ventures, is more successful in increasing farm profits, creating jobs and conserving the natural and cultural heritage. For example, 52.4% of agritourism farms have been within the same family for at least two generations and 73.3% are willing to pass the farm on to their children, proportions that are significantly higher than other entrepreneurial farms. Study results also show, however, that while many agritourism farms practice integrated pest management, they need to be more engaged in other environmentally friendly and conservation practices.}, journal={Journal of Sustainable Tourism}, year={2013}, month={Mar} }
 @article{arroyo_barbieri_rich_2013, title={Defining agritourism: A comparative study of stakeholders' perceptions in Missouri and North Carolina}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1879-3193"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.12.007}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2012.12.007}, abstractNote={Agritourism is not a recent phenomenon; furthermore, it has considerably increased in the past ten years and is projected to continue growing in the future. Despite such growth, there is not a shared understanding of agritourism which is problematic as this creates confusion and lessens its appeal among consumers, further hindering communication and collaboration among stakeholders. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2011 to identify preferred definitional elements and types of agritourism activities across residents, farmers, and extension faculty in Missouri and North Carolina (U.S.). Results showed that “agricultural setting”, “entertainment”, “farm”, and “education” should be included in a good definition of agritourism. Respondents also agreed that agritourism includes staged or authentic activities carried out on working agricultural facilities. All stakeholder groups rejected to consider activities offered in non-working farms or where the agricultural setting only serves for background purposes as agritourism. Statistical tests showed significant differences on agritourism definitional elements and types across groups, results that are further discussed. Besides advancing the understanding of the meaning of agritourism, this study carries important implications for the practice of agritourism.}, journal={TOURISM MANAGEMENT}, author={Arroyo, Claudia Gil and Barbieri, Carla and Rich, Samantha Rozier}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={39–47} }
 @article{stanis_barbieri_2013, title={Niche tourism attributes scale: a case of storm chasing}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1747-7603"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2012.733360}, DOI={10.1080/13683500.2012.733360}, abstractNote={In spite of the rapid and large growth of niche tourism, and the proliferation of tour operators catering to such markets, limited information is available on the measurement of tour operator attributes that are critical to maximise the experience and needs of their tourists. Thus, a study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate different operational attributes of small storm-chasing tour operators. Findings reveal high internal reliability and utility for this niche market; additional testing is suggested to evaluate such scale among other small niche tourism operators.}, number={5}, journal={CURRENT ISSUES IN TOURISM}, author={Stanis, Sonja A. Wilhelm and Barbieri, Carla}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={495–500} }
 @article{barbieri_sotomayor_2013, title={Surf travel behavior and destination preferences: An application of the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1879-3193"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.06.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2012.06.005}, abstractNote={Surfers are characterized by the time and effort they invest in surfing and their propensity to travel in search for the perfect wave. In spite of such characteristics and the economic significance of surf tourism, little is known about surfing as serious leisure and its implications in surf tourism. Thus, a study was conducted using a convenient sample of 126 surfers to examine whether the six serious leisure qualities (Effort, Ethos, Career, Identity, Perseverance, Benefits) are associated with surf travel behavior and destination preferences. Results confirmed that surfers have a strong disposition for surf tourism and that they show high levels of serious leisure in their six qualities. Statistical tests also revealed that although serious leisure qualities are not associated with surf travel behavior, they do predict destination preferences especially related to the overall surfing appeal of the destination, the variety of waves, and the quality of the natural environment. Management and marketing implications for surf tourism operators and destinations are discussed. Besides filing a gap in the literature, this study augments the marketing intelligence for owners and managers of surf-related business as well agencies and organizations promoting surf tourism.}, journal={TOURISM MANAGEMENT}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Sotomayor, Sandra}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={111–121} }
 @article{valdivia_barbieri_gold_2012, title={Between Forestry and Farming: Policy and Environmental Implications of the Barriers to Agroforestry Adoption}, volume={60}, ISSN={0008-3976}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.2012.01248.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1744-7976.2012.01248.x}, abstractNote={Farming and forestry are practices with clearly defined institutions, markets, and policies. These are not as clearly defined for agroforestry, a practice experiencing increased interest in the USA. This study examined the barriers preventing the adoption of agroforestry within a household level theoretical framework informed by transaction costs and multifunctionality, using survey data from 353 Missouri (USA) landowners. Costs of establishing or managing trees, the time required to manage, and the lack of tree management experience are perceived as the most influential barriers limiting implementation of agroforestry on the farm. A principal component factor analysis of the perceived barriers identified two factors: the first, labeled Transaction Costs, related to information access and perceived establishment costs; the second factor, labeled Profitability Concerns, was associated with perceptions of the effects of agroforestry on farm profitability and agricultural production. Overall, Transaction Costs appears to be a greater barrier to implementation of agroforestry. Cluster analysis yielded three types of landowners: environmentalists, agriculturalists, and disengaged, who differ in their perceptions of these barriers. Statistical tests revealed differences among clusters on their farmland attributes, multifunctionality indicators, and their resources for adopting agroforestry. Environmentalists appear as more likely to adopt agroforestry, followed by the agriculturalists. Policy implications are also discussed. 
 
 
 
Les secteurs de l’agriculture et de la foresterie possedent des institutions, des marches et des politiques clairement definis. Ces elements ne sont pas aussi clairement definis dans le cas du secteur de l’agroforesterie, qui recueille un interet croissant aux Etats-Unis. Dans la presente etude, nous avons examine les obstacles a l’adoption de l’agroforesterie a l’aide d’un cadre theorique au niveau des menages comprenant des donnees sur les couts de transaction et la multifonctionnalite issues d’un sondage realise aupres de 353 proprietaires fonciers dans l’Etat du Missouri, aux Etats-Unis. Les couts de plantation, le temps necessaire a la gestion et le manque d’experience en gestion arboricole sont percus comme etant les principaux obstacles a l’implantation de l’agroforesterie sur la ferme. Une analyse en composantes principales a permis de determiner deux facteurs : le premier, appele Couts de transaction (Transaction Costs), etait liea l’acces a l’information et aux couts de plantation percus; le deuxieme, appele Inquietudes sur la rentabilite (Profitability Concerns), etait liea la perception des consequences de l’agroforesterie sur la rentabilite et la production de la ferme. De maniere generale, les Couts de transaction semblent constituer le plus important obstacle a l’implantation de l’agroforesterie. Une analyse de grappes a fait ressortir trois types de proprietaires fonciers : les environnementalistes, les agriculturalistes et les desengages, qui ont une perception bien differente de ces obstacles. Des tests statistiques ont revele des differences parmi les grappes quant aux attributs de leurs terres agricoles, aux indicateurs de multifonctionnalite et a leurs ressources pour adopter l’agroforesterie. Les Environnementalistes semblent plus enclins a adopter l’agroforesterie, suivis des Agriculturalistes. Nous avons aussi aborde l’incidence sur les politiques.}, number={2}, journal={Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Valdivia, Corinne and Barbieri, Carla and Gold, Michael A.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={155–175} }
 @article{xu_barbieri_wilhelm stanis_market_2012, title={Sensation‐Seeking Attributes Associated with Storm‐Chasing Tourists: Implications for Future Engagement}, volume={14}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.860}, DOI={10.1002/jtr.860}, abstractNote={This study explores recreational storm chasing, a new form of niche tourism. In particular, this study examines sensation-seeking traits associated with participants' socio-demographics, storm-chasing involvement and tour satisfaction levels. Results show that recreational storm chasers scored highest on Experience Seeking and lowest on Boredom Susceptibility sensation-seeking dimensions. Correlation tests showed that several socio-demographic, storm-chasing involvement and tour satisfaction indicators are associated with Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Boredom Susceptibility, and Experience Seeking dimensions. Marketing and management implications of study results also are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Tourism Research}, author={Xu, S. and Barbieri, C. and Wilhelm Stanis, S. and Market, P.}, year={2012}, pages={269–284} }
 @article{the perceived benefits of agritourism: the provider’s perspective_2012, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.005}, abstractNote={This study examines the perceived benefits of agritourism by examining the importance of this activity in accomplishing 16 goals of farmers receiving visitors for recreation on their farms. This study also examines several farm household and business attributes associated with the accomplishment of four goal dimensions driving agritourism development. Data were derived from a survey conducted among 164 agritourism farms in Missouri. Results showed that agritourism mostly serves to capture new farm customers, educate the public about agriculture and enhance the quality of life for the farm family, which represents both, economic and non-economic benefits. Organized by goal dimensions, findings showed that agritourism is perceived as most important for market related goals, suggesting that the economic role of agritourism should not only be measured in terms of increased profits but also as a marketing tool. Four significant regression models showed that several farm business and household attributes are associated to the perceived agritourism benefits within four goal dimensions, suggesting opportunities for tailored promotional messages and policy considerations for the entrepreneurial development of agritourism.}, journal={Tourism Management}, year={2012}, month={Feb} }
 @article{the potential for carbon offset trading to provide added incentive to adopt silvopasture and alley cropping in missouri_2012, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9543-3}, DOI={10.1007/s10457-012-9543-3}, journal={Agroforestry Systems}, year={2012}, month={Nov} }
 @article{barbieri_santos_katsube_2012, title={Volunteer tourism: On-the-ground observations from Rwanda}, volume={33}, ISSN={0261-5177}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.05.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2011.05.009}, abstractNote={Volunteer tourism is the combination of leisure travel and voluntary work. Although it is increasing in popularity, one area that remains underexplored in the literature is the centrality of project facilitators in the on-the-ground experiences of volunteer tourists. This study, therefore, interrogates the relationship between facilitation and implementation of volunteer tourism experiences and the volunteer tourists’ lived experiences. By placing in conversation on-the-ground volunteer tourism experiences in Nyakinama, Rwanda with current literature in volunteer tourism, this study finds that volunteer tourism is a gratifying experience, especially as it relates to self-development, bonding with local people and experiencing of local lifestyle. The study, however, suggests that certain managerial actions and transparency measures must be introduced so as to maximize the social role of volunteer tourism.}, number={3}, journal={Tourism Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Santos, Carla Almeida and Katsube, Yasuharu}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={509–516} }
 @article{the ius in re model to analyze users rights within complex property regimes: twoex postapplications in south america_2011, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920903278178}, DOI={10.1080/08941920903278178}, abstractNote={This article proposes the application of the Ius in Re model of “power over things” from the ancient Roman law to analyze property rights and identify users' powers within complex property regimes. We specifically propose that people's independent powers over natural resources should be dissected and independently examined to identify actors and uses inhibiting sustainable management regardless of the prevailing property regime. We employed this model to analyze two cases ex post, in Perú and Ecuador, that evolved from resource degradation to more sustainable management scenarios. Analysis under the light of the Ius in Re model suggests that such outcomes were achieved after users' powers inhibiting sustainable management were identified and adjusted. Both case studies exemplify the practical utility of the Ius in Re analytical model, showing its suitability to identify who had what powers as a critical first step toward sustainable natural resource management.}, journal={Society & Natural Resources}, year={2011}, month={Feb} }
 @article{an importance-performance analysis of the motivations behind agritourism and other farm enterprise developments in canada_2010, journal={Journal of Rural and Community Development}, year={2010} }
 @article{barbieri_mahoney_2010, title={Cultural tourism behaviour and preferences among the live-performing arts audience: an application of the univorous-omnivorous framework}, volume={12}, ISSN={1099-2340 1522-1970}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.767}, DOI={10.1002/jtr.767}, abstractNote={This study uses the omnivorous–univorous theoretical framework of the arts marketing studies to identify relationships between the live-performing arts and cultural tourism behaviours and preferences. Patrons of a major performing arts centre were segmented in three groups — sporadic, univores and omnivores — and examined regarding their cultural tourism behaviours and preferences. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among groups in terms of demographic characteristics, art and culture consumption and cultural tourism behaviour and preferences. Study results add to the body of knowledge of tourism, suggesting that the culture omnivorous consumption behaviour reported in art marketing studies is also relevant to cultural tourism. Results suggest the existence of omnivorous cultural tourists seeking a wide variety of cultural products and experiences. The identification of a group of individuals with little interest and consumption of culture, including cultural travel destinations, also emerges from this study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Tourism Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Barbieri, Carla and Mahoney, Edward}, year={2010}, pages={481–496} }
 @article{frequency of consumption, familiarity and preferences for chestnuts in missouri_2010, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9266-2}, DOI={10.1007/s10457-009-9266-2}, journal={Agroforestry Systems}, year={2010}, month={May} }
 @article{recreation and agroforestry: examining new dimensions of multifunctionality in family farms_2010, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.07.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.07.001}, abstractNote={Multifunctionality serves as an analytical framework to recognize many services that farms provide to their surrounding communities and society. This study explores an often overlooked dimension of multifunctionality by examining different recreational services provided by landowners in Missouri and analyzing the relationship between recreational multifunctionality and the practice of agroforestry. The latter provides multiple economic, environmental and beautification benefits that involve trees in the landscape. Results show that family farms provide several recreational services for their household members and others, and the existence of synergies between the recreational function of the farmland and agroforestry practices, consistent with the transition to strong multifunctionality. The recreational use of the land is positively associated to the cognitive (i.e., perceived knowledge) and affective (i.e., willingness to adopt) attitudes towards agroforestry. Results also show that the higher the perception of intrinsic (i.e., planting trees for wind protection and carbon sequestration) and economic (i.e., perceived economic benefits and flood protection) values of agroforestry, the more recreational use of the land. This study exemplifies the interactions between two little examined farmland functions providing insights for a comprehensive value assessment of family farms. Other academic and practical implications of the study are also detailed.}, journal={Journal of Rural Studies}, year={2010}, month={Oct} }
 @article{recreational multifunctionality and its implications for agroforestry diffusion_2010, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-009-9269-z}, DOI={10.1007/s10457-009-9269-z}, journal={Agroforestry Systems}, year={2010}, month={May} }
 @article{birk_lupo_guinan_barbieri_2010, title={The interannual variability of Midwestern temperatures and precipitation as related to the ENSO and PDO}, volume={23}, number={2}, journal={Atmosfera}, author={Birk, K. and Lupo, A.R. and Guinan, P. and Barbieri, C.}, year={2010}, pages={95–128} }
 @article{market_neto_becker_pettegrew_melick_schultz_buckley_clark_lupo_holle_et al._2009, title={A comparison of two cases of low-latitude thundersnow}, volume={22}, number={3}, journal={Atmósfera}, author={Market, P. and Neto, G.D. and Becker, A. and Pettegrew, B. and Melick, C. and Schultz, C. and Buckley, P. and Clark, J. and Lupo, A. and Holle, R. and et al.}, year={2009}, pages={315–330} }
 @article{why is diversification an attractive farm adjustment strategy? insights from texas farmers and ranchers_2009, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.06.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.06.001}, abstractNote={State agencies have been encouraging the development of different enterprises to diversify farm incomes in an effort to retain farmers in business, attract new entrants to agriculture and promote regional development. Entrepreneurship and farming are known to be driven by a complex set of goals including those which are economic and intrinsic in nature. However, little information is available regarding the set of goals that drive agriculture entrepreneurship, preventing state agencies to adequately target potential diversifiers. This paper provides a better understanding of the range of goals, both financial and nonfinancial, that are important in farmers' decisions to diversify their operations. The generation of additional income, the continuance of farming and ranching, and the enhancement of quality of life are among the most important diversification goals in Texas. A principal component factor analysis performed on the importance ratings of diversification goals resulted in six dimensions: (F1) Reduce Uncertainty and Risk; (F2) Grow and Service Markets; (F3) Enhanced Financial Condition; (F4) Individual Aspirations and Pursuits; (F5) Revenues Enhancement; and (F6) Family Connections. The study also examined the relationship between various entrepreneur and farm characteristics and the goal pursuit dimensions. Operator's age, number of generations the farm had been in the family, household income, number of farm employees, and distance to an urbanized area influence types of goals pursued through diversification.}, journal={Journal of Rural Studies}, year={2009}, month={Jan} }
 @article{rv and camping shows: a motivation-based market segmentation_2008, journal={Event Management}, year={2008} }
 @article{the role of the firm and owner characteristics on the performance of agritourism farms_2008, journal={Sociologia Ruralis}, year={2008} }
 @article{understanding the nature and extent of farm and ranch diversification in north america_2008, journal={Rural Sociology}, year={2008} }
 @article{tourism and recreation research along the natural-rural-urban gradient: global trends and implications for china, journal={Tourism Tribune} }