@article{allen-perkins_magrach_dainese_garibaldi_kleijn_rader_reilly_winfree_lundin_mcgrady_et al._2022, title={CropPol: A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination}, ISSN={["1939-9170"]}, DOI={10.1002/ecy.3614}, abstractNote={Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open, and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e., berry mass, number of fruits, and fruit density [kg/ha], among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), North America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-2005 (21 studies), 2006-2010 (40), 2011-2015 (88), and 2016-2020 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA).}, journal={ECOLOGY}, author={Allen-Perkins, Alfonso and Magrach, Ainhoa and Dainese, Matteo and Garibaldi, Lucas A. and Kleijn, David and Rader, Romina and Reilly, James R. and Winfree, Rachael and Lundin, Ola and McGrady, Carley M. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{reilly_artz_biddinger_bobiwash_boyle_brittain_brokaw_campbell_daniels_elle_et al._2020, title={Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators}, volume={287}, ISSN={["1471-2954"]}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2020.0922}, abstractNote={Most of the world's crops depend on pollinators, so declines in both managed and wild bees raise concerns about food security. However, the degree to which insect pollination is actually limiting current crop production is poorly understood, as is the role of wild species (as opposed to managed honeybees) in pollinating crops, particularly in intensive production areas. We established a nationwide study to assess the extent of pollinator limitation in seven crops at 131 locations situated across major crop-producing areas of the USA. We found that five out of seven crops showed evidence of pollinator limitation. Wild bees and honeybees provided comparable amounts of pollination for most crops, even in agriculturally intensive regions. We estimated the nationwide annual production value of wild pollinators to the seven crops we studied at over $1.5 billion; the value of wild bee pollination of all pollinator-dependent crops would be much greater. Our findings show that pollinator declines could translate directly into decreased yields or production for most of the crops studied, and that wild species contribute substantially to pollination of most study crops in major crop-producing regions.}, number={1931}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}, author={Reilly, J. R. and Artz, D. R. and Biddinger, D. and Bobiwash, K. and Boyle, N. K. and Brittain, C. and Brokaw, J. and Campbell, J. W. and Daniels, J. and Elle, E. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Jul} }
 @article{mcgrady_troyer_fleischer_2020, title={Wild Bee Visitation Rates Exceed Pollination Thresholds in Commercial Cucurbita Agroecosystems}, volume={113}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/toz295}, abstractNote={Abstract Wild bees supply sufficient pollination in Cucurbita agroecosystems in certain settings; however, some growers continue to stock fields with managed pollinators due to uncertainties of temporal and spatial variation on pollination services supplied by wild bees. Here, we evaluate wild bee pollination activity in wholesale, commercial pumpkin fields over 3 yr. We identified 37 species of bees foraging in commercial pumpkin fields. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]), squash bees (Eucera (Peponapis) Say, Dorchin [Hymenoptera: Apidae]), and bumble bees (Bombus spp., primarily B. impatiens Cresson [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) were the most active pollinator taxa, responsible for over 95% of all pollination visits. Preference for female flowers decreased as distance from field edge increased for several bee taxa. Visitation rates from one key pollinator was negatively affected by field size. Visitation rates for multiple taxa exhibited a curvilinear response as the growing season progressed and responded positively to increasing floral density. We synthesized existing literature to estimate minimum ‘pollination thresholds’ per taxa and determined that each of the most active pollinator taxa exceeded these thresholds independently. Under current conditions, renting honey bee hives may be superfluous in this system. These results can aid growers when executing pollination management strategies and further highlights the importance of monitoring and conserving wild pollinator populations.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={McGrady, C. M. and Troyer, R. and Fleischer, S. J.}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={562–574} }