Jerome Cuomo

Zoellner, B., Hou, F., Carbone, A., Kiether, W., Markham, K., Cuomo, J., & Maggard, P. A. (2018). Activating the Growth of High Surface Area Alumina Using a Liquid Galinstan Alloy. ACS OMEGA, 3(12), 16409–16415. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02442

McClure, J. P., Thornton, J. D., Jiang, R., Chu, D., Cuomo, J. J., & Fedkiw, P. S. (2012). Oxygen Reduction on Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanowall Electrodes. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 159(11), F733–F742. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.056211jes

Cho, J.-S., Han, Y., & Cuomo, J. J. (2008). Ion beam pretreatment of polymeric substrates for ITO thin film deposition. SOLID STATE SCIENCES, 10(7), 941–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2007.11.010

Rabiei, A., Thomas, B., Neville, B., Lee, J. W., & Cuomo, J. (2007, April). A novel technique for processing functionally graded HA coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS, Vol. 27, pp. 523–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.037

Rabiei, A., Blalock, T., Thomas, B., Cuomo, J., Yang, Y., & Ong, J. (2007, April). Microstructure, mechanical properties, and biological response to functionally graded HA coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS, Vol. 27, pp. 529–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.036

Rabiei, A., Thomas, B., Jin, C., Narayan, R., Cuomo, J., Yang, Y., & Ong, J. L. (2006). A study on functionally graded HA coatings processed using ion beam assisted deposition with in situ heat treatment. SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, 200(20-21), 6111–6116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.09.027

Lee, J. W., Cuomo, J. J., Cho, Y. S., & Keusseyan, R. L. (2005). Aluminum nitride thin films on an LTCC substrate. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, 88(7), 1977–1980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00250.x

Cuomo, J. J., Williams, N. M., Hanser, A. D., Carlson, E. P., & Thomas, D. T. (2004). MIIIN based materials and methods and apparatus for producing same. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Williams, N. M. (2004). Non-thermionic sputter material transport device, methods of use, and materials produced thereby. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Lee, J. W., Cuomo, J. J., & Bourham, M. A. (2004). Plasma characteristics in pulsed direct current reactive magnetron sputtering of aluminum nitride thin films. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 22(2), 260–263. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1641049

Park, M., Cuomo, J. J., Rodriguez, B. J., Yang, W. C., Nemanich, R. J., & Ambacher, O. (2003). Micro-Raman study of electronic properties of inversion domains in GaN-based lateral polarity heterostructures. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 93(12), 9542–9547. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1570507

Chang, Y. C., Cai, A. L., Muth, J. F., Kolbas, R. M., Park, M., Cuomo, J. J., … Bumgarner, J. (2003). Optical and structural studies of hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown GaN. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A, 21(3), 701–705. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1568346

Ufer, S., & Cuomo, J. J. (2003). Pattern release film between two laminated surfaces. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Park, M., Sakhrani, V., Maria, J. P., Cuomo, J. J., Teng, C. W., Muth, J. F., … Nemanich, R. J. (2003). Wavelength-dependent Raman scattering of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon with red, green, and blue light excitation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, 18(4), 768–771. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2003.0106

Wear-resistant polymeric articles and methods of making the same. (2003). Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

McCord, M. G., Hwang, Y. J., Hauser, P. J., Qiu, Y., Cuomo, J. J., Hankins, O. E., … Canup, L. K. (2002). Modifying nylon and polypropylene fabrics with atmospheric pressure plasmas. TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL, 72(6), 491–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051750207200605

Park, M., Maria, J. P., Cuomo, J. J., Chang, Y. C., Muth, J. F., Kolbas, R. M., … Bumgarner, J. (2002). X-ray and Raman analyses of GaN produced by ultrahigh-rate magnetron sputter epitaxy. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 81(10), 1797–1799. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1506781

Liu, J. J., Chiu, D. Y. T., Morton, D. C., Kang, D. H., Zhirnov, VV, Hren, J. J., & Cuomo, J. J. (2001). Band gap structure and electron emission property of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films. SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS, 45(6), 915–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-1101(00)00210-0

Kang, D., Zhirnov, VV, Sanwald, R. C., Hren, J. J., & Cuomo, J. J. (2001). Field emission from ultrathin coatings of AlN on Mo emitters. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, 19(1), 50–54. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1340669

Hyun, J., Aspnes, D. E., & Cuomo, J. J. (2001). Nondestructive measurement of a glass transition temperature at spin-cast semicrystalline polymer surfaces. MACROMOLECULES, 34(8), 2395–2397. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0012797

Park, M., Teng, C. W., Sakhrani, V., McLaurin, M. B., Kolbas, R. M., Sanwald, R. C., … Cuomo, J. J. (2001). Optical characterization of wide band gap amorphous semiconductors (a-Si : C : H): Effect of hydrogen dilution. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 89(2), 1130–1137. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1332421

Zhirnov, VV, Lizzul-Rinne, C., Wojak, G. J., Sanwald, R. C., Cuomo, J. J., & Hren, J. J. (2001). Optimizing high-current yields from diamond coated field emitters. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Vol. 19, pp. 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1340009

Hyun, J., Barletta, P., Koh, K., Yoo, S., Oh, J., Aspnes, D. E., & Cuomo, J. J. (2000). Effect of Ar+ ion beam in the process of plasma surface modification of PET films. JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 77(8), 1679–1683. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(20000822)77:8<1679::AID-APP4>3.0.CO;2-F

Hyun, J., Pope, M., Smith, J., Park, M., & Cuomo, J. J. (2000). Ultrathin DLC and SiOx layer deposition on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and restriction of surface dynamics. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 75(9), 1158–1164. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000228)75:9<1158::AID-APP9>3.3.CO;2-C

Park, M., Sowers, A. T., Rinne, C. L., Schlesser, R., Bergman, L., Nemanich, R. J., … Choi, W. B. (1999). Effect of nitrogen incorporation on electron emission from chemical vapor deposited diamond. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Vol. 17, pp. 734–739. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.590630

Kang, D. H., Zhirnov, VV, Wojak, G. J., Preble, E. A., Choi, W. B., Hren, J. J., & Cuomo, J. J. (1999). Investigation of thickness effects on AlN coated metal tips by in situ I-V measurement. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Vol. 17, pp. 632–634. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.590608

Park, M., McGregor, D. R., Bergman, L., Nemanich, R. J., Hren, J. J., Cuomo, J. J., … Zhirnov, VV. (1999). Raman analysis and field emission study of ion beam etched diamond films. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, Vol. 17, pp. 700–704. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.590622

Park, M., Camphausen, S. M., Myers, A. F., Barletta, P. T., Sakhrani, V., Bergman, L., … Cuomo, J. J. (1999). Raman scattering of tetrahedrally-bonded amorphous carbon deposited at oblique angles. MATERIALS LETTERS, 41(5), 229–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(99)00135-4

Choi, W. B., Schlesser, R., Wojak, G., Cuomo, J. J., Sitar, Z., & Hren, J. J. (1998). Electron energy distribution of diamond-coated field emitters. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 16(2), 716–719.

Zhirnov, V. V., Liu, J., Wojak, G. J., Cuomo, J. J., & Hren, J. J. (1998). Environmental effect on the electron emission from diamond surfaces. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 16(3), 1188–1193.

Joshkin, V. A., Parker, C. A., Bedair, S. M., Krasnobaev, L. Y., Cuomo, J. J., Davis, R. F., & Suvkhanov, A. (1998). Fine structure of near-band-edge photoluminescence in He+-irradiated GaN grown on SiC. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 72(22), 2838–2840. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.121474

Park, M., Choi, W. B., Streiffer, S. K., Hren, J. J., & Cuomo, J. J. (1998). Secondary electron emission patterning of diamond with hydrogen and oxygen plasmas. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 72(20), 2580–2582. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.121424

Bozeman, S. P., Camphausen, S. M., Cuomo, J. J., Kim, S. I., Ahn, Y. O., & Ko, Y. (1997). Electron field emission from amorphous carbon-cesium alloys. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A, Vol. 15, pp. 1729–1732. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.580928

Ding, M. Q., Choi, W. B., Myers, A. F., Sharma, A. K., Narayan, J., Cuomo, J. J., & Hren, J. J. (1997). Field emission enhancement from Mo tip emitters coated with N containing amorphous diamond films. Surface & Coatings Technology, 94(1-3), 672–675.

Ding, M. Q., Myers, A. F., Choi, W. B., Vispute, R. D., Camphausen, S. M., Narayan, J., … Bruley, J. (1997). Field emission from amorphous diamond coated Mo tip emitters by pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 15(4), 840–844.

Krasnobaev, L. Y., Cuomo, J. J., & Vyletalina, O. I. (1997). Harnessing reverse annealing phenomenon for shallow p-n junction formation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 82(10), 5185–5190. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.366323

Rajan, K., Roy, R., Trogolo, J., & Cuomo, J. J. (1997, November). Low energy ion beam assisted grain size evolution in thin film deposition. JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, Vol. 26, pp. 1270–1273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-997-0068-x

Zhirnov, VV, Wojak, G. J., Choi, W. B., Cuomo, J. J., & Hren, J. J. (1997). Wide band gap materials for field emission devices. JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A, Vol. 15, pp. 1733–1738. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.580929

Aboaf, J. A., Cuomo, J. J., Gangulee, A., & Kobliska, R. J. Amorphous magnetic thin films with highly stable easy axis. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Kim, S. I. Amorphous matrices having dispersed cesium. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Gangulee, A., & Kobliska, J. Amorphous metallic and nitrogen containing alloy films. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Kaufman, H. R. Apparatus and method for generating high current negative ions. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., & Hopwood, J. A. Apparatus for enhanced inductive coupling to plasmas with reduced sputter contamination. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Yehoda, J. E. Apparatus for polishing a diamond or carbon nitride film by reaction with oxygen transported to the film through a superionic conductor in contact with the film. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Chaudhari, P., Cuomo, J. J., & Gambino, R. J. Apparatus using amorphous magnetic compositions. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Chaudhari, P., Cuomo, J. J., Gambino, R. J., & McGuire, T. R. Beam addressable film using amorphous magnetic material. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Harper, J. M., & Kaufman, H. R. Compact plug connectable ion source. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Leary, P. A., & Yee, D. S. Copper texturing process. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., Hoenig, B. A., Seki, H., Speidell, J. L., & Whitehair, S. J. Durable optical elements fabricated from free standing polycrystalline diamond and non-hydrogenated amorphous diamond like carbon (DLC) thin films. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Dreyfus, R. W., & Woodall, J. M. Electron source. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Landon, A. J., & Wang, H. C. Electrostatic clutch. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Gambino, R. J., Harper, J. M., & Kuptis, J. D. Energetic particle beam deposition system. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Gambino, R. J., & Harper, J. M. Etching by sputtering from an intermetallic target to form negative metallic ions which produce etching of a juxtaposed substrate. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cali, M. F., Cuomo, J. J., Mikalsen, D. J., Rutledge, J. D., & Selker, E. J. Force sensitive transducer for use in a computer keyboard. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., DiStefano, T. H., & Rosenberg, R. Growth of polycrystalline semiconductor film with intermetallic nucleating layer. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Kaufman, H. R. Hall ion generator for working surfaces with a low energy high intensity ion beam. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Chandrashekhar, G. V., Chaudhari, P., Cuomo, J. J., Gambino, R. J., & Harper, J. M. High intensity ion source using ionic conductors. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Kaufman, H. R., & Rossnagel, S. M. Hollow cathode. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Kafuman, H. R., & Rossnagel, S. M. Hollow cathode enhanced magnetron sputter device. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Bumble, B., Cuomo, J. J., Logan, J. S., & Rossnagel, S. M. Hollow cathode enhanced plasma for high rate reactive ion etching and deposition. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Dibble, E. P., & Levine, S. L. Low contact electrical resistant composition, substrates coated therewith, and process for preparing such. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Harper, J. M. Low energy ion beam oxidation process. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Grazioso, M. V., Guarnieri, C. R., Haller, K. L., Heidenreich, J. E., Selwyn, G. S., & Whitehair, S. J. Method and apparatus for contamination control in processing apparatus containing voltage driven electrode. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Williams, N. M., Hanser, A. D., Carlson, E. P., & Thomas, D. T. Method and apparatus for producing MIIIN columns and MIIIN materials grown thereon. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., & Hopwood, J. A. Method for enhanced inductive coupling to plasmas with reduced sputter contamination. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Yehoda, J. E. Method for polishing a diamond or carbon nitride film by reaction with oxygen transported to the film through a superionic conductor in contact with the film. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Chaudhari, P., Cuomo, J. J., & Matthews, J. W. Method for preparing large single crystal thin films. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Bindra, P. S., Cuomo, J. J., Gall, T. P., Ingraham, A. P., Kang, S. K., Kim, J., … Walker, G. F. Method of fabricating nendritic materials. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., Machlin, E. S., Roy, R. A., & Yee, D. S. Method of preparing oriented, polycrystalline superconducting ceramic oxides. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Gelmore, J. D., Hatzakis, M., Lewis, D. A., Shaw, J. M., & Whitehair, S. J. Microwave processing. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Gelorme, J. D., Hatzakis, M., Lewis, D. A., Shaw, J. M., & Whitehair, S. J. Microwave processing. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J. Negative ion beam selective etching process. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Guarnieri, C. R. Photoelectric enhanced plasma glow discharge system and method including radiation means. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., DiStefano, T. H., & Woodall, J. M. Photon energy conversion. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Woodall, J. M., & Ziegler, J. F. Photon energy converter. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Blum, J. M., Bumble, B., Chan, K. K., Conde, J. R., Cuomo, J. J., & Kane, W. F. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor processing system using hollow cathode effect. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Brezoczky, B., Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., Ramanathan, K. V., Shivashankar, S. A., Smith, D. A., & Yee, D. S. Process for fabricating high density disc storage device. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Dibble, E. P., & Levine, S. L. Process for preparing low electrical contact resistance composition. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Leary, P. A., & Woodall, J. M. Process for producing aluminum alkoxide or aluminum aryloxide. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., DiStefano, T. H., & Rosenberg, R. Process of making a radiation responsive device. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Harper, J. M., Kafuman, H. R., & Speidell, J. L. Programmable ion beam patterning system. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., DiStefano, T. H., & Rosenberg, R. Radiation responsive device. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., Hopwood, J. A., & Whitehair, S. J. Radio frequency induction plasma processing system utilizing a uniform field coil. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias formed using PVD and CVD. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Joshi, R. V., Cuomo, J. J., Dalal, H. M., & Hsu, L. L. Refractory metal capped low resistivity metal conductor lines and vias formed using PVD and CVD. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Berry, C. J., Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., & Yee, D. S. Selective deposition process for physical vapor deposition. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Bindra, P. S., Cuomo, J. J., Gall, T. P., Ingraham, A. P., Kang, S. K., Kim, J., … Walker, G. F. Separable electrical connection technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Harper, J. M., & Waters, G. A. Single grid focussed ion beam source. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Yehoda, J. E. Solid state ionic polishing of diamond. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Guarnieri, C. R., & Whitehair, S. Solid state microwave powered material and plasma processing systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., & Woodall, J. M. Solid state renewable energy supply. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Clark, G. J., Chaundhari, P., Cuomo, J. J., Frisch, M. A., & Speidell, J. L. Spherical retarding grid analyzer. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Broers, A. N., Cuomo, J. J., Laibowitz, R. B., & Molzen, W. W. Sub 100A range line width pattern fabrication. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Broers, A. N., Cuomo, J. J., Laibowitz, R. B., & Moltzen, W. W. Sub-100A range line width pattern fabrication. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Kang, D., & Cuomo, J. J. Surface treatment effects on the electron emission characteristics of ultra thin AlN coated molybdenum tips. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 3(3), 228–230.

Cuomo, J. J., & Harper, J. M. System and method for deflecting and focusing a broad ion beam. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Cuomo, J. J., Kerth, R. T., & Major, J. C. Ultrasonic micro machining slider air bearings with diamond faced patterned die. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.