@article{vereb_atkins_adin_blondel_coffman_lee_guillot_ward_2023, title={Efficacy of a mitral regurgitation severity index to predict long-term outcome in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16923}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Vereb, Michelle and Atkins, Clarke E. and Adin, Darcy and Blondel, Thomas and Coffman, Melissa and Lee, Seunggon and Guillot, Emilie and Ward, Jessica L.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{adin_atkins_domenig_glahn_defrancesco_meurs_2023, title={Evaluation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Components and Enzymes in Systemically Hypertensive Cats Receiving Amlodipine}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/22/3479}, DOI={10.3390/ani13223479}, abstractNote={Background: Chronic renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation is harmful. Amlodipine activates RAAS in humans and dogs, but contradictory data exist for systemically hypertensive (SHT) cats. Hypothesis: Cats with SHT and chronic kidney disease treated with amlodipine (SHT/CKD-A) are RAAS activated. Animals: Client-owned cats: unmedicated normotensive (NT) cats (n = 9); SHT/CKD-A cats (n = 5) with median systolic blood pressure of 170 mmHg (vs. 195 mmHg, pre-treatment), chronic kidney disease, and receiving no RAAS-suppressive therapy. Methods: Serum was frozen (−80 °C) until RAAS analysis via equilibrium analysis. The RAAS variables (reported as median (minimum–maximum)) were compared between groups, using Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Angiotensin 1, angiotensin 1,7, angiotensin III, and angiotensin 1,5, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 activity were higher in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats, while ACE activity was lower in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (p < 0.05 all). A marker for alternative RAAS influence (ALT-S) was significantly higher (69; 58–73 pmol/pmol) in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (35; 14–63 pmol/pmol; p = 0.001). Aldosterone concentrations were significantly higher (393; 137–564 pmol/L) in SHT/CKD-A cats compared to NT cats (129; 28–206 pmol/L; p = 0.007). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Circulating RAAS is activated in systemically hypertensive cats receiving amlodipine. Although this study did not parse out the individual contributions of SHT, chronic kidney disease, and amlodipine, the findings suggest that the use of concurrent RAAS-suppressant therapy, specifically aldosterone antagonism, in amlodipine-treated SHT cats with chronic kidney disease might be indicated.}, number={22}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Adin, Darcy and Atkins, Clarke and Domenig, Oliver and Glahn, Catherine and Defrancesco, Teresa and Meurs, Kathryn}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{brethel_locker_girens_rivera_meurs_adin_2023, title={The effect of taurine supplementation on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of dogs with congestive heart failure}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-023-37978-1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Brethel, Sara and Locker, Seth and Girens, Renee and Rivera, Paulo and Meurs, Kathryn and Adin, Darcy}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{walker_defrancesco_bonagura_keene_meurs_tou_kurtz_aona_barron_mcmanamey_et al._2022, title={Association of diet with clinical outcomes in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure*}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1875-0834"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001}, abstractNote={Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs has been associated with feeding of grain-free (GF), legume-rich diets. Some dogs with presumed diet-associated DCM have shown improved myocardial function and clinical outcomes following a change in diet and standard medical therapy. Prior GF (pGF) diet influences reverse cardiac remodeling and clinical outcomes in dogs with DCM and congestive heart failure (CHF). A retrospective study was performed with 67 dogs with DCM and CHF for which diet history was known. Dogs were grouped by diet into pGF and grain-inclusive (GI) groups. Dogs in the pGF group were included if diet change was a component of therapy. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and the Cox proportional-hazards model. The median survival time was 344 days for pGF dogs vs. 253 days for GI dogs (P = 0.074). Statistically significant differences in median survival were identified when the analysis was limited to dogs surviving longer than one week (P = 0.033). Prior GF dogs had a significantly worse outcome the longer a GF diet was fed prior to diagnosis (P = 0.004) or if they were diagnosed at a younger age (P = 0.017). Prior GF dogs showed significantly greater improvement in normalized left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (P = 0.038) and E-point septal separation (P = 0.031) measurements and significant decreases in their furosemide (P = 0.009) and pimobendan (P < 0.005) dosages over time compared to GI dogs. Prior GF dogs that survived at least one week after diagnosis of DCM, treatment of CHF, and diet change had better clinical outcomes and showed reverse ventricular remodeling compared to GI dogs.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CARDIOLOGY}, author={Walker, A. L. and DeFrancesco, T. C. and Bonagura, J. D. and Keene, B. W. and Meurs, K. M. and Tou, S. P. and Kurtz, K. and Aona, B. and Barron, L. and McManamey, A. and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Apr}, pages={99–109} }
 @article{meurs_williams_deprospero_friedenberg_malarkey_ezzell_keene_adin_defrancesco_tou_2021, title={A deleterious mutation in the ALMS1 gene in a naturally occurring model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the Sphynx cat}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1750-1172"]}, DOI={10.1186/s13023-021-01740-5}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES}, author={Meurs, Kathryn M. and Williams, Brian G. and DeProspero, Dylan and Friedenberg, Steven G. and Malarkey, David E. and Ezzell, J. Ashley and Keene, Bruce W. and Adin, Darcy B. and DeFrancesco, Teresa C. and Tou, Sandra}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{k. o'donnell_adin_atkins_defrancesco_keene_tou_meurs_2021, title={Absence of known feline MYH7 and MYBPC3 variants in a diverse cohort of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1365-2052"]}, DOI={10.1111/age.13074}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={ANIMAL GENETICS}, author={K. O'Donnell and Adin, D. and Atkins, C. E. and DeFrancesco, T. and Keene, B. W. and Tou, S. and Meurs, K. M.}, year={2021}, month={Aug}, pages={542–544} }
 @article{adin_atkins_londono_del nero_2021, title={Correction of serum chloride concentration in dogs with congestive heart failure}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15998}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Adin, Darcy and Atkins, Clarke and Londono, Leonel and Del Nero, Bruna}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={51–57} }
 @article{adin_atkins_wallace_klein_2021, title={Effect of spironolactone and benazepril on furosemide-induced diuresis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation in normal dogs}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.16097}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Adin, Darcy and Atkins, Clarke and Wallace, Gabrielle and Klein, Allison}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={1245–1254} }
 @article{deprospero_kerry a. o'donnell_defrancesco_keene_tou_adin_atkins_meurs_2021, title={Myxomatous mitral valve disease in Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers: 134 cases (2007-2016)}, volume={259}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.20.05.0291}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={DeProspero, Dylan J. and Kerry A. O'Donnell and DeFrancesco, Teresa C. and Keene, Bruce W. and Tou, Sandra P. and Adin, Darcy B. and Atkins, Clarke E. and Meurs, Kathryn M.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={1428–1432} }
 @article{adin_royal_adin_2020, title={Cross-Sectional Assessment of the Emotional Intelligence of Fourth-Year Veterinary Students and Veterinary House Officers in a Teaching Hospital}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1943-7218"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.0518-065r}, abstractNote={ Emotional intelligence (EI) is the recognition and management of emotions. This skill set is important to work relationships and professional success. In this cross-sectional, observational study, we investigated EI scores of 4th-year veterinary students, interns, and residents in a teaching hospital, using a psychometric tool with professional population norms. Participants’ EI scores were compared with professional norms and between the sample groups. Scores were examined on the basis of demographics and residency program type. Twenty-four 4th-year students and 43 interns and residents completed the survey. Total, composite, and subscale scores for all groups were lower than professional means. We noted no statistically significant differences in EI scores between training levels, but evaluation of effect sizes showed a medium negative effect of higher training levels on Self-Perception Composite, Self-Regard, Emotional Expression, Interpersonal Composite, Flexibility, and Optimism and a medium positive effect of higher training levels on Impulse Control. Medium effects for residency type were found for Stress Tolerance, Flexibility, and Stress Management, with higher scores for residencies with heavy inpatient loads. Medium effects for residency type were found on Flexibility scores, with higher scores for residents in disciplines with a perceived high stress level. We found that baseline EI scores of 4th-year veterinary students, interns, and residents at a teaching hospital were similar to, but uniformly lower than, those of other professionals and did not increase with training level. These results may be used to build on strengths and address weaknesses associated with EI of students and house officers at this institution. }, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Adin, Darcy B. and Royal, Kenneth D. and Adin, Christopher A.}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={193–201} }
 @article{foster_brugarolas_walker_mealin_cleghern_yuschak_clark_adin_russenberger_gruen_et al._2020, title={Preliminary Evaluation of a Wearable Sensor System for Heart Rate Assessment in Guide Dog Puppies}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1558-1748"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2986159}, DOI={10.1109/JSEN.2020.2986159}, abstractNote={This paper details the development of a novel wireless heart rate sensing system for puppies in training as guide dogs. The system includes a harness with on-board electrocardiography (ECG) front-end circuit, inertial measurement unit and a micro-computer with wireless capability where the major research focus of this paper was on the ergonomic design and evaluation of the system on puppies. The first phase of our evaluation was performed on a Labrador Retriever between 12 to 26 weeks in age as a pilot study. The longitudinal weekly data collected revealed the expected trend of a decreasing average heart rate and increased heart rate variability as the age increased. In the second phase, we improved the system ergonomics for a larger scale deployment in a guide dog school (Guiding Eyes for the Blind (Guiding Eyes)) on seventy 7.5-week-old puppies (heart rate coverage average of 86.7%). The acquired ECG based heart rate data was used to predict the performance of puppies in Guiding Eyes’s temperament test. We used the data as an input to a machine learning model which predicted two Behavior Checklist (BCL) scores as determined by expert Guiding Eyes puppy evaluators with an accuracy above 90%.}, number={16}, journal={IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Foster, Marc and Brugarolas, Rita and Walker, Katherine and Mealin, Sean and Cleghern, Zach and Yuschak, Sherrie and Clark, Julia Condit and Adin, Darcy and Russenberger, Jane and Gruen, Margaret and et al.}, year={2020}, pages={9449–9459} }
 @article{adin_atkins_domenig_defrancesco_keene_tou_stern_meurs_2020, title={Renin-angiotensin aldosterone profile before and after angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor administration in dogs with angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15746}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15746}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Adin, Darcy and Atkins, Clarke and Domenig, Oliver and DeFrancesco, Teresa and Keene, Bruce and Tou, Sandra and Stern, Joshua A. and Meurs, Kathryn M.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={600–606} }
 @article{meurs_friedenberg_kolb_saripalli_tonino_woodruff_olby_keene_adin_yost_et al._2019, title={A missense variant in the titin gene in Doberman pinscher dogs with familial dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death}, volume={138}, ISSN={0340-6717 1432-1203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-019-01973-2}, DOI={10.1007/s00439-019-01973-2}, abstractNote={The dog provides a large animal model of familial dilated cardiomyopathy for the study of important aspects of this common familial cardiovascular disease. We have previously demonstrated a form of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman pinscher breed that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is associated with a splice site variant in the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) gene, however, genetic heterogeneity exists in this species as well and not all affected dogs have the PDK4 variant. Whole genome sequencing of a family of Doberman pinchers with dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death without the PDK4 variant was performed. A pathologic missense variant in the titin gene located in an immunoglobulin-like domain in the I-band spanning region of the molecule was identified and was highly associated with the disease (p < 0.0001). We demonstrate here the identification of a variant in the titin gene highly associated with the disease in this spontaneous canine model of dilated cardiomyopathy. This large animal model of familial dilated cardiomyopathy shares many similarities with the human disease including mode of inheritance, clinical presentation, genetic heterogeneity and a pathologic variant in the titin gene. The dog is an excellent model to improve our understanding of the genotypic phenotypic relationships, penetrance, expression and the pathophysiology of variants in the titin gene.}, number={5}, journal={Human Genetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Meurs, Kathryn M. and Friedenberg, Steven G. and Kolb, Justin and Saripalli, Chandra and Tonino, Paola and Woodruff, Kathleen and Olby, Natasha J. and Keene, Bruce W. and Adin, Darcy B. and Yost, Oriana L. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={515–524} }
 @article{schreeg_evans_allen_lewis_luckring_evola_richard_piner_thompson_adin_et al._2019, title={Cardiac Leiomyosarcoma in a Cat Presenting for Bilateral Renal Neoplasia}, volume={168}, ISSN={["1532-3129"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.02.005}, abstractNote={A 10-year-old neutered female domestic longhair cat was presented to a tertiary care veterinary hospital for evaluation of a right renal mass that was identified incidentally on abdominal radiographs and classified further as a sarcoma based on fine needle aspiration cytology. Further diagnostic workup, including ultrasound and cytology, identified a sarcoma in the left kidney. After approximately 1 month of conservative medical management, the clinical condition deteriorated and the cat was humanely destroyed. Post-mortem examination confirmed bilateral renal masses with multifocal infarction and extensive necrosis, and further identified a large mass at the apex of the heart as well as multiple pulmonary nodules. Microscopical examination of the masses identified a population of poorly-differentiated neoplastic spindle cells, consistent with sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin, but were negative for myoglobin and factor VIII. Phosphotungstic acid–haematoxylin staining was unable to identify cross-striations in the neoplastic cells. Based on these results and the pattern of lesion distribution, the cat was diagnosed with cardiac leiomyosarcoma with pulmonary and bilateral renal metastasis.}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY}, author={Schreeg, M. E. and Evans, B. J. and Allen, J. and Lewis, M. C. and Luckring, E. and Evola, M. and Richard, D. K. and Piner, K. and Thompson, E. M. and Adin, D. B. and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={19–24} }
 @article{adin_defrancesco_keene_tou_meurs_atkins_aona_kurtz_barron_saker_et al._2019, title={Echocardiographic phenotype of canine dilated cardiomyopathy differs based on diet type}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1875-0834"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jvc.2018.11.002}, abstractNote={Canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can result from numerous etiologies including genetic mutations, infections, toxins, and nutritional imbalances. This study sought to characterize differences in echocardiographic findings between dogs with DCM fed grain-free (GF) diets and grain-based (GB) diets.Forty-eight dogs with DCM and known diet history.This was a retrospective analysis of dogs with DCM from January 1, 2015 to May 1, 2018 with a known diet history. Dogs were grouped by diet (GF and GB), and the GF group was further divided into dogs eating the most common grain-free diet (GF-1) and other grain-free diets (GF-o). Demographics, diet history, echocardiographic parameters, taurine concentrations, and vertebral heart scale were compared between GB, all GF, GF-1, and GF-o groups at diagnosis and recheck.Dogs eating GF-1 weighed less than GB and GF-o dogs, but age and sex were not different between groups. Left ventricular size in diastole and systole was greater, and sphericity index was less for GF-1 compared with GB dogs. Diastolic left ventricular size was greater for all GF compared with that of GB dogs. Fractional shortening, left atrial size, and vertebral heart scale were not different between groups. Taurine deficiency was not identified in GF dogs, and presence of congestive heart failure was not different between groups. Seven dogs that were reevaluated after diet change (6 received taurine supplementation) had clinical and echocardiographic improvement.Dietary-associated DCM occurs with some GF diets and can improve with nutritional management, including diet change. The role of taurine supplementation, even without deficiency, is uncertain.}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CARDIOLOGY}, author={Adin, Darcy and DeFrancesco, Teresa and Keene, Bruce and Tou, Sandra and Meurs, Kathryn and Atkins, Clarke and Aona, Brent and Kurtz, Kari and Barron, Lara and Saker, Korinn and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1–9} }
 @article{meurs_adin_k. o'donnell_keene_atkins_defrancesco_tou_2019, title={Myxomatous mitral valve disease in the miniature poodle: A retrospective study}, volume={244}, ISSN={["1532-2971"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.019}, abstractNote={Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiovascular disease in the dog. The natural history of the disease is wide ranging and includes patients without clinical signs as well as those with significant clinical consequences from cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension and/or congestive heart failure. The factors that determine which dogs remain asymptomatic and which develop clinical disease are not known. Disease characteristics could be breed or family related; some breeds of dogs, particularly the Cavalier King Charles spaniels, develop MMVD at an early age. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively characterize MMVD in the miniature poodle, a commonly affected breed in which MMVD has not been well characterized. Thirty-two miniature poodles met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 11±three years. Clinical signs included exercise intolerance, syncope and coughing. Eighteen dogs were classified as ACVIM Stage B1, 12 as stage B2, and two as stage C. Mean vertebral heart scale (VHS) was 10.2 (±standard deviation of 0.9); 15 of 28 dogs had a VHS <10.3. One dog had radiographic evidence of congestive heart failure. Mean diastolic left ventricle dimension normalized to body weight was 1.6 (±0.4) and mean systolic was 0.8 (±0.3). Mitral valve prolapse was subjectively classified as mild or moderate in 19 dogs and severe in two. In the miniature poodles reported here, MMVD appears to be a fairly late onset disease and often is a mild phenotype.}, journal={VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Meurs, K. M. and Adin, D. and K. O'Donnell and Keene, B. W. and Atkins, C. E. and DeFrancesco, T. and Tou, S.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={94–97} }
 @article{brugarolas_yuschak_adin_roberts_sherman_bozkurt_2019, title={Simultaneous Monitoring of Canine Heart Rate and Respiratory Patterns During Scent Detection Tasks}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1558-1748"]}, DOI={10.1109/JSEN.2018.2883066}, abstractNote={Man-made technological odor detection systems continue to improve but still cannot match the tracking efficiency, mobility, and selectivity in the presence of interfering odors achieved by detector dogs. The reliability of dogs as olfactory detectors does not depend solely on their performance but also on the handler’s skill in interpreting the behavior of the dog that signals the detection of the target odor. We present our efforts on a wireless wearable system combining electrocardiogram (ECG) and an electronic stethoscope for direct monitoring of cardiopulmonary events in dogs toward enabling cybernetic dog–machine interfaces. This is, to our knowledge, the first cyber-physical attempt to simultaneously record heart rate, heart rate variability, and continuous auscultation of respiratory behavior in a wearable form factor during scent-detection tasks. In this paper, we present: 1) a method to automate the detection of sniffing episodes based on power spectral density of the respiratory sounds; 2) proof-of-concept extraction and quantification of the ECG and respiratory sounds features that would enable the discovery of physiological patterns associated to scent-detection tasks; and 3) proof-of-concept correlation of such patterns with the presence/absence of target odors. These contributions pave the way for a novel real-time cybernetic olfactory detection monitoring system to provide decision support for handlers in the field in addition to enabling future computer-sniffing dog interfaces.}, number={4}, journal={IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL}, author={Brugarolas, Rita and Yuschak, Sherrie and Adin, Darcy and Roberts, David L. and Sherman, Barbara L. and Bozkurt, Alper}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={1454–1462} }
 @article{mcmanamey_adin_elfenbeien_manship_2018, title={ECG of the Month}, volume={253}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.253.6.714}, number={6}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={McManamey, Anna K. and Adin, Darcy B. and Elfenbeien, Johanna R. and Manship, Arlie J.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={714–717} }
 @article{meurs_friedenberg_williams_keene_atkins_adin_aona_defrancesco_tou_mackay_et al._2018, title={Evaluation of genes associated with human myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs with familial myxomatous mitral valve degeneration}, volume={232}, ISSN={["1532-2971"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.002}, abstractNote={Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in the dog. It is believed to be heritable in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS) and Dachshunds. Myxomatous mitral valve disease is a familial disease in human beings as well and genetic mutations have been associated with its development. We hypothesized that a genetic mutation associated with the development of the human form of MMVD was associated with the development of canine MMVD. DNA was isolated from blood samples from 10 CKCS and 10 Dachshunds diagnosed with MMVD, and whole genome sequences from each animal were obtained. Variant calling from whole genome sequencing data was performed using a standardized bioinformatics pipeline for all samples. After filtering, the canine genes orthologous to the human genes known to be associated with MMVD were identified and variants were assessed for likely pathogenic implications. No variant was found in any of the genes evaluated that was present in least eight of 10 affected CKCS or Dachshunds. Although mitral valve disease in the CKCS and Dachshund is a familial disease, we did not identify genetic cause in the genes responsible for the human disease in the dogs studied here.}, journal={VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Meurs, Kathryn and Friedenberg, S. G. and Williams, B. and Keene, B. W. and Atkins, C. E. and Adin, D. and Aona, B. and DeFrancesco, Teresa and Tou, S. and Mackay, T. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={16–19} }
 @article{adin_atkins_papich_2018, title={Pharmacodynamic assessment of diuretic efficacy and braking in a furosemide continuous infusion model}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1875-0834"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2018.01.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.jvc.2018.01.003}, abstractNote={Diuretic failure is a potential life-ending event but is unpredictable and poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate pharmacodynamic markers of furosemide-induced diuresis and to investigate mechanisms of diuretic braking in dogs receiving constant rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide. Six healthy male dogs. Raw data and stored samples from one arm of a previously published study were further analyzed to mechanistically investigate causes of diuretic braking in these dogs. Urine volume was recorded hourly during a 5-h furosemide CRI. Urine and blood samples were collected hourly to measure serum and urine electrolytes, urine aldosterone, and plasma and urine furosemide. Serum electrolyte fractional excretion was calculated. Urine sodium concentration was indexed to urine potassium (uNa:uK) and urine furosemide (uNa:uFur) concentrations, plasma furosemide concentration was indexed to urine furosemide concentration (pFur:uFur), and urine aldosterone was indexed to urine creatinine (UAldo:C). Temporal change and the relationship to urine volume were evaluated for these measured and calculated variables. Urine volume was significantly correlated with urine electrolyte amounts and with uNa:uK. The ratio of pFur:uFur decreased during the infusion, whereas furosemide excretion was unchanged. There was a strong relationship between urine volume and absolute urine electrolyte excretion. Urine volume was strongly correlated to uNa:uK, giving it potential as a spot indicator of urine production during diuresis. The decrease in uNa:uK over time during the infusion is consistent with mineralocorticoid modification of urinary electrolyte excretion, supporting renin–angiotensin–aldosterone activation as a cause of diuretic braking in this model.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CARDIOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Adin, D. and Atkins, C. and Papich, M. G.}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={92–101} }
 @article{meurs_stern_atkins_adin_aona_condit_defrancesco_reina-doreste_keene_tou_et al._2017, title={Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and inhibition in dogs with cardiac disease and an angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1752-8976"]}, DOI={10.1177/1470320317737184}, abstractNote={Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in dogs and with and without an ACE polymorphism in the canine ACE gene, before and after treatment with an ACE inhibitor. Methods: Thirty-one dogs (20 wild-type, 11 ACE polymorphism) with heart disease were evaluated with ACE activity measurement and systolic blood pressure before and after administration of an ACE inhibitor (enalapril). Results: Median pre-treatment ACE activity was significantly lower for ACE polymorphism dogs than for dogs with the wild-type sequence (P=0.007). After two weeks of an ACE inhibitor, ACE activity was significantly reduced for both genotypes (wild-type, P<0.0001; ACE polymorphism P=0.03); mean post-therapy ACE activity was no different between the groups. Conclusion: An ACE polymorphism is associated with lower levels of ACE activity. Dogs with the polymorphism still experience suppression of ACE activity in response to an ACE inhibitor. It is possible that the genetic status and ACE activity of dogs may impact the response of dogs with this variant to an ACE inhibitor.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM}, author={Meurs, Kathryn M. and Stern, Joshua A. and Atkins, Clarke E. and Adin, Darcy and Aona, Brent and Condit, Julia and DeFrancesco, Teresa and Reina-Doreste, Yamir and Keene, Bruce W. and Tou, Sandy and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Oct} }
 @article{adin_atkins_papich_defrancesco_griffiths_penteado_kurtz_klein_2017, title={Furosemide continuous rate infusion diluted with 5% dextrose in water or hypertonic saline in normal adult dogs: a pilot study}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1875-0834"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jvc.2016.09.004}, abstractNote={The goal of this study was to investigate the short-term safety and diuretic efficacy of furosemide constant rate infusion (CRI) diluted with 5% dextrose in water (D5W) compared to dilution with 2.4% hypertonic saline in healthy dogs.Six healthy dogs.Dogs were studied in a randomized, blinded, crossover manner. Furosemide 3.3mg/kg was diluted to 2.2mg/mL with either 1.5mL/kg D5W for the DEX method or with 1.0mL/kg D5W and 0.5mL/kg of 7.2% hypertonic saline for the H-SAL method. After a 0.66mg/kg furosemide IV bolus, the infusion rate was 0.3 mL/kg/hr for 5 h such that both methods delivered 0.66 mg/kg/hr (total 3.3mg/kg) furosemide in equal volume for the study duration. Urine output, water intake, central venous pressure (CVP), physical parameters, furosemide concentrations, blood and urine electrolytes, and urine aldosterone to creatinine ratio (UAldo:C) were evaluated.Measured variables were not different between methods but showed changes over time consistent with diuresis. Mean CVP decreased over time similarly for both methods. Plasma furosemide and urine concentrations were stable and not different between methods. Both furosemide CRI methods showed an increase in the UAldo:C, however, the rise was greater for DEX than for H-SAL.Diuresis was similar for both furosemide CRI methods; however, the H-SAL method induced less renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation than the DEX method. The absence of intravascular volume expansion based on CVP suggests that dilution of a furosemide CRI with 2.4% hypertonic saline may be well tolerated in heart failure.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CARDIOLOGY}, author={Adin, D. and Atkins, C. and Papich, M. and DeFrancesco, T. and Griffiths, E. and Penteado, M. and Kurtz, K. and Klein, A.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={44–56} }
 @article{adin_johnson_kim_nguyenba_rosen_2017, title={Long-term Stability of a Compounded Suspension of Torsemide (5 mg/mL) for Oral Administration}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.14819}, abstractNote={BackgroundTorsemide use for congestive heart failure (CHF) has been reported, but prescription frequency is unknown. Commercially available tablet sizes in North America limit dosing precision, indicating a need to evaluate its strength and stability in suspension.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Adin, D. and Johnson, P. R. and Kim, C. H. and Nguyenba, T. and Rosen, S.}, year={2017}, pages={1822–1826} }