@article{good_miller_niedermeyer_osborne_siletzky_carver_kathariou_2019, title={Strain-Specific Differences in Survival of Campylobacter spp. in Naturally Contaminated Turkey Feces and Water}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1098-5336"]}, DOI={10.1128/AEM.01579-19}, abstractNote={
            Campylobacter jejuni
            and
            Campylobacter coli
            are leading foodborne pathogens, with poultry as a major reservoir. Due to their growth requirements, these
            Campylobacter
            spp. may be unable to replicate once excreted by their avian hosts, but their survival in feces and the environment is critical for transmission in the farm ecosystem. Reducing the prevalence of
            Campylobacter
            -positive flocks can have major impacts in controlling both contamination of poultry products and environmental dissemination of the pathogens. However, understanding the capacity of these pathogens to survive in transmission-relevant vehicles such as feces and farmhouse water remains poorly understood, and little information is available on species- and strain-associated differences in survival. Here, we employed model conditions to investigate the survival of
            C. jejuni
            and
            C. coli
            from naturally colonized turkey flocks, and with diverse genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles, in turkey feces and in farmhouse water.
          }, number={22}, journal={APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Good, Lesley and Miller, William G. and Niedermeyer, Jeffrey and Osborne, Jason and Siletzky, Robin M. and Carver, Donna and Kathariou, Sophia}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{rodriguez_barnes_anderson_whitaker_berchuck_petitte_lancaster_wenham_turbov_day_et al._2013, title={Evidence of a Chemopreventive Effect of Progestin Unrelated to Ovulation on Reproductive Tract Cancers in the Egg-laying Hen}, volume={6}, ISSN={1940-6207 1940-6215}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0426}, DOI={10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0426}, abstractNote={Epidemiologic, laboratory, and animal evidence suggests that progestins and vitamin D may be potent ovarian cancer preventives. Our objectives were to evaluate progestins as reproductive tract cancer chemopreventives in the chicken, determine whether restricted ovulation affected the incidence of reproductive tract tumors, and assess whether vitamin D would confer cancer protection either alone or in addition to progestin. A total of 2,400 two-year-old Single Comb White Leghorns were randomized into six groups (400 each) with hormonal and dietary manipulation for 2 years as follows: (i) no intervention, regular feed/caloric intake, (ii) control, (iii) vitamin D, (iv) the progestin levonorgestrel, (v) vitamin D plus levonorgestrel, and (vi) the progestin Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate). Groups 2 to 6 were caloric restricted to inhibit ovulation. Our results indicated that caloric restriction decreased egg production by more than 60%, and was associated with a greater than 70% decrease in reproductive tract cancers. Ovulatory events did not differ among the caloric-restricted groups (groups 2–6), except for the group receiving levonorgestrel, which had fewer ovulatory events than controls (P = 0.046). After correcting for egg production, birds receiving progestins had significantly fewer reproductive tract cancers [OR, 0.61; confidence interval (CI), 0.39–0.95; P = 0.03], with similar proportionate reductions in tumors arising in either the ovary or oviduct. Vitamin D did not significantly affect cancer incidence overall, or add to the cancer preventive effect of progestins. This study suggests a protective effect of progestins against ovarian and oviductal cancers. These data support the concept that progestins provide a chemopreventive effect unrelated to ovulation. Cancer Prev Res; 6(12); 1283–92. ©2013 AACR.}, number={12}, journal={Cancer Prevention Research}, publisher={American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)}, author={Rodriguez, G. C. and Barnes, H. J. and Anderson, K. E. and Whitaker, R. S. and Berchuck, A. and Petitte, J. N. and Lancaster, J. M. and Wenham, R. M. and Turbov, J. M. and Day, R. and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={1283–1292} }
 @article{carver_barnes_anderson_petitte_whitaker_berchuck_rodriguez_2011, title={Reduction of Ovarian and Oviductal Cancers in Calorie-Restricted Laying Chickens}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1940-6215"]}, url={http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/21325563}, DOI={10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0294}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH}, author={Carver, Donna K. and Barnes, H. John and Anderson, Kenneth E. and Petitte, James N. and Whitaker, Regina and Berchuck, Andrew and Rodriguez, Gustavo C.}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={562–567} }
 @article{hakim_barry_barnes_anderson_petitte_whitaker_lancaster_wenham_carver_turbov_et al._2009, title={Ovarian Adenocarcinomas in the Laying Hen and Women Share Similar Alterations in p53, ras, and HER-2/neu}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1940-6215"]}, url={http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/19174584}, DOI={10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0065}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={CANCER PREVENTION RESEARCH}, author={Hakim, Amy A. and Barry, Catherine P. and Barnes, H. John and Anderson, Kenneth E. and Petitte, James and Whitaker, Regina and Lancaster, Jonathan M. and Wenham, Robert M. and Carver, Donna K. and Turbov, Jane and et al.}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={114–121} }
 @article{wright_carver_siletzky_romine_morrow_kathariou_2008, title={Longitudinal study of prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from turkeys and swine grown in close proximity}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1944-9097"]}, DOI={10.4315/0362-028X-71.9.1791}, abstractNote={Eastern North Carolina is a major contributor to both turkey and swine production in the United States. In this region, turkeys and swine are frequently grown in close proximity and by common growers. To further characterize colonization of turkeys and swine with Campylobacter in such a setting, we investigated the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in eight paired operations involving turkey farms in close proximity to finishing swine farms. All 15 surveyed flocks and 15 herds were Campylobacter positive at one or more sampling times. Campylobacter was isolated from 1,310 (87%) of the 1,512 turkey samples and 1,116 (77%) of the 1,448 swine samples. Most (> 99%) campylobacters from swine samples were Campylobacter coli, found in 59 to 97% of the samples from the different herds. Both Campylobacterjejuni and C. coli were recovered from the turkey flocks (overall prevalences of 52 and 35%, respectively). Prevalence among flocks ranged from 31 to 86% for C. jejuni and 0 to 67% for C. coli, and both species were recovered from most flocks. Relative prevalence of C. coli was higher in young birds (brooders), whereas C. jejuni predominated in grow-out birds (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of C. coli in a swine herd was generally not a good predictor for prevalence of this species in the corresponding turkey flock. These findings indicate that even though turkeys and swine grown in proximity to each other were commonly colonized with thermophilic campylobacters, the relative prevalences of C. jejuni and C. coli appear to be host associated.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION}, author={Wright, S. L. and Carver, D. K. and Siletzky, R. M. and Romine, S. and Morrow, W. E. M. and Kathariou, S.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={1791–1796} }
 @article{kim_carver_kathariou_2006, title={Natural transformation-mediated transfer of erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter coli strains from turkeys and swine}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1098-5336"]}, DOI={10.1128/AEM.72.2.1316-1321.2006}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Kim, JS and Carver, DK and Kathariou, S}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={1316–1321} }
 @article{alfonso_adochiles_hendrickson_carver_rodriguez_barnes_2005, title={Metastatic adenocarcinoma in the lungs of older laying hens}, volume={49}, ISSN={["0005-2086"]}, DOI={10.1637/0005-2086(2005)49[430:MAITLO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract As part of a study on ovarian and oviductal adenocarcinomas in older laying hens, 676 commercial egg-laying chickens were necropsied at 4 yr of age. Tumors were identified in 305 (45.1%) of the hens. Grossly visible metastatic tumors in the lungs of a few birds prompted collection of lungs from 228 affected hens for histologic examination. Metastatic adenocarcinomas were identified histologically in the lungs of 42 of the 228 hens (18.4%). The number of tumors and extent of involvement of the lung parenchyma varied from minimal to extensive. Tumor emboli were occasionally seen in pulmonary vessels. Metastatic foci showing expansive or invasive growth were identified. These findings indicate that vascular spread of adenocarcinomas is more common than previously thought in chickens, and the lungs are often involved with metastatic tumors, primarily from the reproductive tract.}, number={3}, journal={AVIAN DISEASES}, author={Alfonso, M and Adochiles, L and Hendrickson, VM and Carver, DK and Rodriguez, GC and Barnes, HJ}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={430–432} }
 @article{lee_reimers_barnes_d'lima_carver_kathariou_2005, title={Strain persistence and fluctuation of multiple-antibiotic resistant Campylobacter coli colonizing turkeys over successive production cycles}, volume={2}, ISSN={["1556-7125"]}, DOI={10.1089/fpd.2005.2.103}, abstractNote={The dynamics of colonization of turkeys by thermophilic campylobacters that are resistant to multiple antibiotics is poorly understood. In this study, we monitored cecal colonization of turkeys by Campylobacter over three successive production cycles at the same farm. Campylobacter isolated from the ceca was predominantly C. coli in all three flocks. Isolates with two distinct fla types that represented a single clonal group based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and that were resistant to multiple antibiotics (tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin) predominated throughout the three production cycles. The relative prevalence of each fla type, however, varied significantly from one flock to the next. The repeated isolation of these multiresistant C. coli from successive flocks likely reflected persistence of the organisms in currently unknown reservoirs in the production environment or, alternatively, repeated introduction events followed by establishment of these bacteria in each successive flock.}, number={1}, journal={FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE}, author={Lee, Bong Choon and Reimers, Nancy and Barnes, H. John and D'Lima, Carol and Carver, Donna and Kathariou, Sophia}, year={2005}, pages={103–110} }
 @article{carver_fetrow_gerig_krueger_barnes_2002, title={Hatchery and transportation factors associated with early poult mortality in commercial turkey flocks}, volume={81}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/81.12.1818}, abstractNote={A prospective ecologic study, using routinely collected data from commercial turkey companies, was done of 312 turkey flocks placed over a 1-yr period. The objective was to identify hatchery- and transportation-associated risk factors for poult mortality in the first 14 d after placement using statistical models. Logistic regression was used to determine the effects of hatchery-and transportation-related factors on odds of mortality for hen and tom flocks separately. Hatchery and transportation-related risk factors for hen flock mortality included truck, truck temperature, and number of poults dead on arrival at the farm. Hatchery and transportation-related risk factors for tom flock mortality included desnooding, truck, truck temperature, shipping time, and weather conditions at placement.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Carver, DK and Fetrow, J and Gerig, T and Krueger, KK and Barnes, HJ}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={1818–1825} }
 @article{carver_vaillancourt_stringham_2002, title={Risk factors associated with poult enteritis mortality syndrome-positive turkey flocks}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0005-2086"]}, DOI={10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[1021:RFAWPE]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={SUMMARY. Poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) has been an economically devastating disease in North Carolina since the early 1990s. Though much is known about the disease, many questions remain unanswered about the syndrome, including its cause, transmission of causative agent(s), and control methods. This study was designed to investigate the association between PEMS and farm management factors. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted by collecting farm data and monitoring weekly mortality in 54 commercial turkey flocks raised in PEMS-affected regions. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed that enhancing rodent control methods was negatively associated (P = 0.0228) with PEMS.}, number={4}, journal={AVIAN DISEASES}, author={Carver, DK and Vaillancourt, JP and Stringham, M}, year={2002}, pages={1021–1024} }
 @article{carver_grimes_christensen_joyce_fairchild_fairchild_2001, title={A novel delivery of oxytetracycline in turkey breeder hens}, volume={45}, ISSN={["0005-2086"]}, DOI={10.2307/1592984}, abstractNote={A novel product (SQ12) for subcutaneous (SQ) injectable delivery of oxytetracycline (OTC) has been developed for use in livestock. SQ12 employs microfluidic spheres encasing OTC crystals, which allows for longer release of the OTC compared with other injectable antibiotics. The objectives of the study were to determine serum and tissue levels of SQ12 in turkey breeder hens to 14 days postinjection and to evaluate effects of SQ12 on reproductive status. Thirty photostimulated hens were housed in litter floor pens and provided with 14.5 hr of light per day in a curtain-sided facility. Six hens served as untreated controls. Twelve hens per treatment group received SQ injections in the neck with SQ12 at 11.4 (L dose group) or 22.7 mg/kg (H dose group) to assess low and high doses, respectively. Serum samples were obtained from each hen at predose and 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 240, and 336 hr postinjection. All hens were euthanatized at 14 and 15 days postinjection. One-half of the hens in each treatment group were sampled (liver, lung, kidneys, and breast muscle) for tissue residue levels of OTC. The control group had no detectable OTC in serum or tissues at any sample collection time. There were no detectable serum levels of OTC in either treatment group prior to injection. The average serum concentrations of the L and H dose groups showed similar depletion curves although the H dose group was 42% higher at maximum concentration than the L group. Average tissue concentration of OTC for all tissues sampled from the H dose group was twice that of the L dose group. All tissue levels were below the OTC residue tolerance limit. SQ12 provided an extended source of OTC in serum of turkey breeder hens with no effect on reproductive status. SQ12 may provide for a novel treatment of bacterial infection in turkey breeder hens with longer lasting serum levels compared with other single injectable OTC products.}, number={2}, journal={AVIAN DISEASES}, author={Carver, DK and Grimes, JL and Christensen, VL and Joyce, KA and Fairchild, BD and Fairchild, AS}, year={2001}, pages={437–441} }
 @article{carver_vaillancourt_stringham_guy_barnes_2001, title={Mortality patterns associated with poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) and coronaviral enteritis in turkey flocks raised in PEMS-affected regions}, volume={45}, ISSN={["0005-2086"]}, DOI={10.2307/1592878}, abstractNote={Poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS) is an economically devastating disease. To date, many questions about the syndrome remain unanswered, including its cause, transmission of causative agent(s), and control methods. Turkey coronavirus (TCV) infection has been associated with some outbreaks of PEMS, with areas having a higher prevalence of TCV infection also experiencing an increased incidence of PEMS. This study was designed to establish mortality patterns for flocks experiencing excess mortality and TCV infection in PEMS-affected regions and to delineate the possible role of TCV in PEMS-affected flocks. Fifty-four commercial turkey flocks on farms in areas with and without a history of TCV infection were monitored for weekly mortality and for antibodies to TCV. Flocks were chosen on the basis of placement dates and were monitored from day of placement until processing. All flocks were tested for TCV by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay. PEMS status was determined with the use of the clinical definition of mortality greater than 2% during any 3-wk period from 2 wk of age through the end of brooding due to unknown cause. Of the 54 flocks, 24 remained healthy, 23 experienced PEMS, and 7 tested positive for TCV but did not experience PEMS. Ten flocks experienced PEMS and tested positive for TCV, whereas 13 flocks experienced PEMS and did not test positive for TCV. Four health status groups were evident: healthy, PEMS positive, TCV positive, and PEMS + TCV positive. Distinct mortality patterns were seen for each of the four health status groups. Whereas TCV was associated with PEMS in 43% of PEMS cases, 13 cases (57%) of PEMS did not involve TCV. Additionally, 7 out of 17 cases of TCV (41%) did not experience excess mortality (PEMS) at any time during brooding of the flock. The results of this study indicate that TCV can be associated with PEMS but is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause PEMS.}, number={4}, journal={AVIAN DISEASES}, author={Carver, DK and Vaillancourt, JP and Stringham, M and Guy, JS and Barnes, HJ}, year={2001}, pages={985–991} }
 @article{carver_vaillancourt_stringham_2001, title={Risk factors associated with Poult Enteritis Mortality Syndrome}, ISBN={0392-0593}, number={9}, journal={Zootecnica International}, author={Carver, D. K. and Vaillancourt, J. P. and Stringham, M.}, year={2001}, pages={48} }
 @article{carver_wages_cowen_1991, title={EFFECTS OF POULT SOURCE ON TURKEY PRODUCTION PARAMETERS}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0005-2086"]}, DOI={10.2307/1591321}, abstractNote={Flock records from a commercial turkey company were analyzed to determine if poult source affected flock performance. Comparisons were made between flocks supplied by two hatcheries (X and Y) reared on the same farms and among flocks reared on different farms. Flocks from hatchery X had significantly better livability and feed-conversion ratios than flocks from hatchery Y. Although not statistically significant, flocks from hatchery X tended to grade better at processing (percent grade A) and have lower condemnations than flocks from hatchery Y. Season significantly affected livability and feed conversion of all flocks regardless of hatchery source.}, number={1}, journal={AVIAN DISEASES}, author={CARVER, DK and WAGES, DP and COWEN, P}, year={1991}, pages={231–234} }