@article{mahoney_jordan_leon_oreja_roma-burgos_2023, title={Fecundity and maternal effects on Palmer amaranth height following season-long interference in corn, cotton, and peanut}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20233}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20233}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Leon, Ramon and Oreja, Fernando H. and Roma-Burgos, Nilda}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_leon_roma-burgos_vann_jennings_everman_cahoon_2021, title={Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Growth and Seed Production When in Competition with Peanut and Other Crops in North Carolina}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2073-4395"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091734}, DOI={10.3390/agronomy11091734}, abstractNote={Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is a highly competitive weed that can be difficult to manage in many cropping systems. Research to date has not quantified the growth and development of A. palmeri in a manner that allows direct comparisons across cropping systems. Research was conducted to compare the growth, development, and seed production of A. palmeri when competing with corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] when emerging with crops or emerging three weeks after crops emerge. Regardless of when A. palmeri emerged, seed production was greatest and similar in cotton and peanut and exceeded that of corn and soybean; seed production in soybean exceeded that of corn. However, seed production was approximately 10-fold greater when A. palmeri emerged with crops compared with emergence three weeks later. These results illustrate the importance of controlling weeds during the first three weeks of the season relative to contributions of A. palmeri to the weed seed bank and is the first report comparing seed production in presence of these crops in a manner allowing a statistical comparison of seed production and highlighting the importance of crop sequence for seed bank management.}, number={9}, journal={AGRONOMY-BASEL}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Leon, Ramon G. and Roma-Burgos, Nilda and Vann, Matthew C. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Everman, Wesley J. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{moore_jennings_monks_jordan_boyette_leon_mahoney_everman_cahoon_2021, title={Susceptibility of Palmer amaranth accessions in North Carolina to atrazine, dicamba, S-metolachlor, and 2,4-D}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20136}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20136}, abstractNote={Core Ideas}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Moore, Levi D. and Jennings, Katherine M. and Monks, David W. and Jordan, David L. and Boyette, Michael D. and Leon, Ramon G. and Mahoney, Dennis J. and Everman, Wesley J. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_roma-burgos_jennings_leon_vann_everman_cahoon_2021, title={The influence of soybean population and POST herbicide application timing on in-season and subsequent-season Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control and economic returns}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1017/wet.2020.87}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Roma-Burgos, Nilda and Jennings, Katherine M. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Everman, Wesley J. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={106–112} }
 @article{hare_jordan_leon_edmisten_post_cahoon_everman_mahoney_inman_2020, title={Influence of timing and intensity of weed management on crop yield and contribution to weed emergence in cotton the following year}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20021}, DOI={10.1002/cft2.20021}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Hare, Andrew T. and Jordan, David L. and Leon, Ramon G. and Edmisten, Keith L. and Post, Angela R. and Cahoon, Charles W. and Everman, Wesley J. and Mahoney, Denis J. and Inman, Matthew D.}, year={2020} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_roma-burgos_jennings_leon_vann_everman_cahoon_2020, title={Susceptibility of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to herbicides in accessions collected from the North Carolina Coastal Plain}, volume={68}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.67}, DOI={10.1017/wsc.2020.67}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Roma-Burgos, Nilda and Jennings, Katherine M. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Everman, Wesley J. and Cahoon, Charles W.}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={582–593} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_leon_vann_burgos_jennings_2019, title={The Effect of Nozzle Selection and Carrier Volume on Weed Control in Soybean in North Carolina}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2019.05.0037}, abstractNote={Core Ideas Nozzle selection did not affect PRE or POST herbicide efficacy. Carrier volumes from 7.5 to 60 gal/acre generally provided similar weed control. Soybean yield was not affected by nozzle selection or carrier volume. Lower carrier volumes may provide increased farm efficiency.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Burgos, Nilda R. and Jennings, Katherine M.}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
 @article{mahoney_jordan_hare_leon_vann_burgos_jennings_2019, title={The Influence of Postemergence Herbicide Timing and Frequency on Weed Control and Soybean Yield}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2374-3832"]}, DOI={10.2134/cftm2019.05.0036}, abstractNote={Core Ideas Optimizing herbicide timing and frequency for weed control in soybean is critical. Two or more postemergence herbicide applications were required in twin- and narrow-row soybean. Herbicide programs generally provided similar soybean yield. More intensive herbicide programs did not reduce economic returns. Understanding optimal herbicide timing and frequency is critical for mitigating weed seed return to the soil seedbank and maximizing crop yields. Research was conducted over 2016–2018 in North Carolina to determine postemergence-only herbicide application timing and the frequency necessary for adequate weed control, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, and economic return in twin- and narrow-row soybean. Predominant weeds included common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S.Watson), and Texas millet [Urochloa texana (Buckley) R.D.Webster]. Four postemergence timings included early (EPOST), mid-postemergence, late, and very late postemergence (VLPOST) applications in various combinations. An untreated control was included for comparison. Regardless of planting pattern, broadleaf weed control was 9 to 48% higher when herbicides were applied two or more times than with single EPOST or VLPOST-only applications. Generally, two to three applications were needed to provide 100% annual grass control, whereas single applications only provided 71 to 92% control. Applying herbicides increased yield by 21 to 46% when compared with untreated soybean. In treated soybean, yield following the VLPOST treatment was generally lower than under other regimes. Trends for economic return were similar to those of yield. The data illustrate that multiple postemergence applications are needed for adequate weed control and do not adversely affect net returns. Although yields were protected with the EPOST-only treatment, caution must be taken to mitigate returning weed seed to the soil seedbank, as control for this treatment was lower than when herbicides were applied multiple times.}, number={1}, journal={CROP FORAGE & TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jordan, David L. and Hare, Andrew T. and Leon, Ramon G. and Vann, Matthew C. and Burgos, Nilda R. and Jennings, Katherine M.}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{mahoney_gannon_jeffries_polizzotto_2015, title={Arsenic Distribution and Speciation in a Managed Turfgrass System Following Monosodium Methylarsenate Application}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2015.03.0163}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={6}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Gannon, Travis W. and Jeffries, Matthew D. and Polizzotto, Matthew L.}, year={2015}, pages={2877–2885} }
 @article{mahoney_gannon_jeffries_matteson_polizzotto_2015, title={Management considerations to minimize environmental impacts of arsenic following monosodium methylarsenate (MSMA) applications to turfgrass}, volume={150}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.027}, abstractNote={Monosodium methylarsenate (MSMA) is an organic arsenical herbicide currently utilized in turfgrass and cotton systems. In recent years, concerns over adverse impacts of arsenic (As) from MSMA applications have emerged; however, little research has been conducted in controlled field experiments using typical management practices. To address this knowledge gap, a field lysimeter experiment was conducted during 2012-2013 to determine the fate of As following MSMA applications to a bareground and an established turfgrass system. Arsenic concentrations in soil, porewater, and aboveground vegetation, were measured through one yr after treatment. Aboveground vegetation As concentration was increased compared to nontreated through 120 d after initial treatment (DAIT). In both systems, increased soil As concentrations were observed at 0-4 cm at 30 and 120 DAIT and 0-8 cm at 60 and 365 DAIT, suggesting that As was bound in shallow soil depths. Porewater As concentrations in MSMA-treated lysimeters from a 30-cm depth (22.0-83.8 μg L(-1)) were greater than those at 76-cm depth (0.4-5.1 μg L(-1)). These results were combined with previous research to devise management considerations in systems where MSMA is utilized. MSMA should not be applied if rainfall is forecasted within 7 DAIT and/or in areas with shallow water tables. Further, disposing of MSMA-treated turfgrass aboveground vegetation in a confined area - a common management practice for turfgrass clippings - may be of concern due to As release to surface water or groundwater as the vegetation decomposes. Finally, long-term MSMA use may cause soil As accumulation and thus downward migration of As over time; therefore, MSMA should be used in rotation with other herbicides.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Gannon, Travis W. and Jeffries, Matthew D. and Matteson, Audrey R. and Polizzotto, Matthew L.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={444–450} }
 @article{jeffries_mahoney_gannon_2014, title={Effect of Simulated Indaziflam Drift Rates on Various Plant Species}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-14-00004.1}, abstractNote={Indaziflam is a PRE herbicide for control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in numerous settings, including managed roadsides, railroads, and noncroplands. There is a need for new and improved PRE herbicides for herbaceous vegetation management along roadsides; however, off-target crop injury via spray drift is a concern because of the close proximity of roadside applications to the wide array of crops grown throughout the southeastern United States where indaziflam is used. Greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the effect of PRE and POST simulated indaziflam spray drift rates on the growth of cotton, bell pepper, soybean, squash, tobacco, and tomato. Simulated indaziflam spray drift rates were 100, 20, 10, 5, or 2.5% of a 73 g ai ha−1 application rate, whereas other herbicide treatments included for comparative purposes were applied at 10% of a typical North Carolina roadside vegetation management application rate. These included sulfometuron (4 g ai ha−1), aminocyclopyrachlor + metsulfuron (11 + 3.5 g ai ha−1), clopyralid + triclopyr (21 + 63 g ai ha−1), or aminopyralid (12 g ai ha−1). In general, plant growth responses varied among herbicides and application timings. Across all evaluated parameters, indaziflam at the 10% simulated drift rate adversely effected plant growth similarly or less than all other herbicides when applied PRE (squash and tomato), POST (bell pepper and soybean), and PRE or POST (cotton and tobacco). No clear trends were observed regarding indaziflam application timing, as PRE squash and tomato, and POST bell pepper and soybean applications were safer than their respective alternative timing, and no significant differences were detected between timings on cotton or tobacco. Across application timings, plant susceptibility to indaziflam-simulated spray drift rates ranked cotton < tobacco < tomato < squash < pepper < soybean. Finally, it should be noted that the lowest simulated indaziflam drift rate (2.5%) caused greater than 20% root mass reduction on cotton (POST), bell pepper (PRE and POST), soybean (PRE and POST), squash (PRE), and tomato (POST). Although this research supports indaziflam use along roadsides, it still poses an off-target plant injury risk. Future research should evaluate techniques to minimize spray drift from roadside pesticide applications.}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Jeffries, Matthew D. and Mahoney, Denis J. and Gannon, Travis W.}, year={2014}, pages={608–616} }
 @article{matteson_mahoney_gannon_polizzotto_2014, title={Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation}, ISSN={["1940-087X"]}, DOI={10.3791/51862}, abstractNote={Potentially toxic chemicals are routinely applied to land to meet growing demands on waste management and food production, but the fate of these chemicals is often not well understood. Here we demonstrate an integrated field lysimetry and porewater sampling method for evaluating the mobility of chemicals applied to soils and established vegetation. Lysimeters, open columns made of metal or plastic, are driven into bareground or vegetated soils. Porewater samplers, which are commercially available and use vacuum to collect percolating soil water, are installed at predetermined depths within the lysimeters. At prearranged times following chemical application to experimental plots, porewater is collected, and lysimeters, containing soil and vegetation, are exhumed. By analyzing chemical concentrations in the lysimeter soil, vegetation, and porewater, downward leaching rates, soil retention capacities, and plant uptake for the chemical of interest may be quantified. Because field lysimetry and porewater sampling are conducted under natural environmental conditions and with minimal soil disturbance, derived results project real-case scenarios and provide valuable information for chemical management. As chemicals are increasingly applied to land worldwide, the described techniques may be utilized to determine whether applied chemicals pose adverse effects to human health or the environment.}, number={89}, journal={JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS}, author={Matteson, Audrey R. and Mahoney, Denis J. and Gannon, Travis W. and Polizzotto, Matthew L.}, year={2014}, month={Jul} }
 @article{mahoney_jeffries_gannon_2014, title={Weed Control with Liquid Carbon Dioxide in Established Turfgrass}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/wt-d-14-00003.1}, abstractNote={In recent years, increasing implementation of biological, cultural, and mechanical weed-control methods is desired; however, many of these techniques are not viable in established turfgrass systems. The use of freezing or frost for weed control has previously been researched; however, is not well elucidated. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate liquid carbon dioxide (LCD) for weed control in established turfgrass systems. LCD was applied with handheld prototypes that were modified to reduce the amount of LCD required for weed control. Common annual and perennial turfgrass weeds included common chickweed, corn speedwell, goosegrass, large crabgrass, smooth crabgrass, Virginia buttonweed, and white clover. Turfgrass tolerance was evaluated on the following species: hybrid bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and zoysiagrass. The final modification allowed for lower output (0.5 kg LCD min−1) when compared with the initial prototype (3 kg LCD min−1). In general, weed control increased as LCD increased. When comparing weed species life cycles, annuals were controlled more than perennials (P < 0.0001) at 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT). Further, exposure time affected control as white clover, Virginia buttonweed, and large crabgrass control was greater (18, 14, 15%, respectively) from the longer exposure time (30 vs. 15 s), although equivalent amounts of LCD (30 kg m−2) were applied. These data also suggest that plant maturity affects control, as large crabgrass control in one- to two- and three- to four-leaf stages (> 90%) was greater than in the one- to two-tiller stage (< 70%). Turfgrass injury at 7 DAT was unacceptable (> 30%) on all species, but declined to 0% by 28 DAT. These data suggest that LCD has the potential to provide an alternative for weed control of select species where synthetic herbicides are not allowed or desired.}, number={3}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Mahoney, Denis J. and Jeffries, Matthew D. and Gannon, Travis W.}, year={2014}, pages={560–568} }