@article{gonzalez_stampley_marcellin-little_kedrowicz_2023, title={Respondents to an American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomate survey support the promotion of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives}, volume={261}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.23.06.0310}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To objectively measure the current demographic makeup of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) diplomates and to develop a survey tool to be used as a metric to measure future changes in the ACVS demographic profile. SAMPLE 737 ACVS diplomates. METHODS A 14-item electronic survey was sent to 2,199 ACVS diplomates between August 25 and September 9, 2021, via email. Survey items included demographic information as well as perceptions about the ACVS and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Responses were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS The survey response rate was 34% (737/2,199). The median age category among respondents was 45 to 54. The median years in practice as a diplomate was 11 to 15. The majority of respondents identified as white/Caucasian and heterosexual, with male and female respondents being similarly represented. Most respondents identified English as their first language. Few considered themselves first-generation college graduates or identified as disabled. Many respondents considered DEI to be an important initiative to promote in the ACVS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that the majority of ACVS respondents are supportive of DEI efforts. This study also serves as an objective analysis that can be reassessed in the future to determine the success of such initiatives.}, number={12}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Gonzalez, Liara M. and Stampley, Anita R. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Kedrowicz, April A.}, year={2023}, month={Dec}, pages={1847–1852} } @article{gruen_lascelles_colleran_gottlieb_johnson_lotsikas_marcellin-little_wright_2022, title={2022 AAHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1547-3317"]}, DOI={10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7292}, abstractNote={These updated guidelines present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and management of acute and chronic pain in canine and feline patients. Recognizing pain is fundamental to successful treatment, and diagnostic guides and algorithms are included for assessment of both acute and chronic pain. Particularly for chronic pain, capturing owner evaluation is important, and pain-assessment instruments for pet owners are described. Expert consensus emphasizes proactive, preemptive pain management rather than a reactive, "damage control" approach. The guidelines discuss treatment options centered on preemptive, multimodal analgesic therapies. There is an extensive variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapeutic options for the management of acute and chronic pain in cats and dogs. The guidelines include a tiered decision tree that prioritizes the use of the most efficacious therapeutic modalities for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Gruen, Margaret E. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Colleran, Elizabeth and Gottlieb, Alison and Johnson, Jennifer and Lotsikas, Peter and Marcellin-Little, Denis and Wright, Bonnie}, year={2022}, pages={55–76} } @article{roe_marcellin-little_2022, title={Stem selection for total hip replacement}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13792}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13792}, abstractNote={Veterinary SurgeryVolume 51, Issue 3 p. 383-383 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Stem selection for total hip replacement Simon C. Roe BVSc, PhD, Corresponding Author Simon C. Roe BVSc, PhD simon_roe@ncsu.edu orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-6875 Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Correspondence Simon C. Roe, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. Email: simon_roe@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorDenis Marcellin-Little DEDV, Denis Marcellin-Little DEDV orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-5928 Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USASearch for more papers by this author Simon C. Roe BVSc, PhD, Corresponding Author Simon C. Roe BVSc, PhD simon_roe@ncsu.edu orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-6875 Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Correspondence Simon C. Roe, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. Email: simon_roe@ncsu.eduSearch for more papers by this authorDenis Marcellin-Little DEDV, Denis Marcellin-Little DEDV orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-5928 Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 March 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13792Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume51, Issue3April 2022Pages 383-383 RelatedInformation}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Roe, Simon C. and Marcellin-Little, Denis}, year={2022}, month={Mar} } @article{mariani_zlotnick_harrysson_marcellin-little_malinak_gavitt_guevar_2021, title={Accuracy of three-dimensionally printed animal-specific drill guides for implant placement in canine thoracic vertebrae: A cadaveric study}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13557}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.13557}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of three-dimensionally (3-D) printed drill guides in constraining the trajectory of drill tracts for implants in canine thoracic vertebrae. STUDY DESIGN Experimental ex vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION Five canine thoracic vertebral column specimens. METHODS Guides to constrain drill trajectories were designed on the basis of computed tomographic (CT) imaging of six thoracic vertebrae (T8-T13) and were 3-D printed. The guides were used to create drill tracts in these vertebrae by both an experienced and a novice surgeon, and CT imaging was repeated. The entry point and angulation of actual and planned drill tracts were compared for both surgeons. Unintended cortical violations were also assessed by using a modified Zdichavsky classification. RESULTS Fifty-eight drill tracts were created in 30 vertebrae. Mean entry point deviation was 1.4 mm (range, 0.4-3.4), and mean angular deviation was 5.1° (range, 1.5°-10.8°). There were no differences between surgeons in entry point deviation (P = .07) or angular deviation (P = .22). There were no unintended cortical bone violations, and all drill tracts were classified as modified Zdichavsky grade I. CONCLUSION The 3-D printed guides used in the current study yielded drill tracts with small linear and angular errors from intended paths and 100% accuracy for placement within vertebral pedicles and bodies. This technique was conveniently used by both an experienced and a novice surgeon. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This technique might be immediately applicable to clinical cases requiring thoracic vertebral stabilization and may allow safe and accurate implant placement for surgeons with varying experience levels.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Mariani, Christopher L. and Zlotnick, Joshua A. and Harrysson, Ola and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Malinak, Kristen and Gavitt, Ashley and Guevar, Julien}, year={2021}, month={Feb}, pages={294–302} } @article{enomoto_baines_roe_marcellin-little_lascelles_2021, title={Defining the rate of, and factors influencing, radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the canine hip joint}, volume={189}, ISSN={["2042-7670"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.516}, DOI={10.1002/vetr.516}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND This study aimed to define the rate of progression of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the canine hip joint and to describe factors affecting this progression. METHODS Dogs that underwent unilateral total hip replacement (THR) were reviewed for the evaluation of radiographic appearance of the non-operated hip joint over time. Standard extended ventrodorsal hip radiographs were taken preoperatively and postoperatively. All images were anonymized, randomized and scored using three different methods. The mean daily change between evaluations was calculated in each individual dog, and the effect of sex, age, body weight, open/closed status of the proximal femoral physis, preoperative severity of OA, time after surgery and their interactions, were investigated as potential influencing factors. RESULTS After reviewing the medical records, 163 dogs (468 images) met the inclusion criteria. Consistent across the three scoring systems, radiographic progression of OA was greater in younger (open physis) and spayed female dogs. A subset of seven patients (4.3%) had a faster progression of OA and was considered outliers. No dog was rated as outlier by all three scoring systems. CONCLUSION The rate of progression of radiographically assessed coxofemoral OA varies greatly, but is faster in younger, spayed female dogs. Unusually fast progression occasionally occurs.}, number={10}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Enomoto, Masataka and Baines, Elizabeth A. and Roe, Simon C. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2021}, month={Jun} } @article{webster_marcellin-little_koballa_stallrich_harrysson_2019, title={Evaluation of the geometric accuracy of computed tomography and microcomputed tomography of the articular surface of the distal portion of the radius of cats}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.80.10.976}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To evaluate accuracy of articular surfaces determined by use of 2 perpendicular CT orientations, micro-CT, and laser scanning. SAMPLE 23 cat cadavers. PROCEDURES Images of antebrachia were obtained by use of CT (voxel size, 0.6 mm) in longitudinal orientation (CTLO images) and transverse orientation (CTTO images) and by use of micro-CT (voxel size, 0.024 mm) in a longitudinal orientation. Images were reconstructed. Craniocaudal and mediolateral length, radius of curvature, and deviation of the articular surface of the distal portion of the radius of 3-D renderings for CTLO, CTTO, and micro-CT images were compared with results of 3-D renderings acquired with a laser scanner (resolution, 0.025 mm). RESULTS Measurement of CTLO and CTTO images overestimated craniocaudal and mediolateral length of the articular surface by 4% to 10%. Measurement of micro-CT images underestimated craniocaudal and mediolateral length by 1%. Measurement of CTLO and CTTO images underestimated mediolateral radius of curvature by 15% and overestimated craniocaudal radius of curvature by > 100%; use of micro-CT images underestimated them by 3% and 5%, respectively. Mean ± SD surface deviation was 0.26 ± 0.09 mm for CTLO images, 0.30 ± 0.28 mm for CTTO images, and 0.04 ± 0.02 mm for micro-CT images. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Articular surface models derived from CT images had dimensional errors that approximately matched the voxel size. Thus, CT cannot be used to plan conforming arthroplasties in small joints and could lack precision when used to plan the correction of a limb deformity or repair of a fracture.}, number={10}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Webster, Caroline E. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Koballa, Erin M. and Stallrich, Jonathan W. and Harrysson, Ola L. A.}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={976–984} } @article{sellon_martucci_wenz_marcellin-little_powers_cullen_2018, title={A survey of risk factors for digit injuries among dogs training and competing in agility events}, volume={252}, DOI={10.2460/javma.252.1.75}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To identify potential risk factors for digit injuries in dogs training and competing in agility events. DESIGN Internet-based, retrospective, cross-sectional survey. ANIMALS 1,081 dogs training or competing in agility events. PROCEDURES Data were collected for eligible animals via retrospective surveys distributed electronically to handlers of dogs participating in agility-related activities. Variables evaluated included demographic (handlers) and signalment (dogs) information, physical characteristics of dogs, and injury characteristics. A separate survey of dogs competing in similar agility-related activities but without digit injuries was also administered. Multivariable logistic regression was used to develop a model for assessment of risk factors. RESULTS Data were collected from 207 agility dogs with digit injuries and 874 agility dogs without digit injuries. Factors associated with significantly increased odds of injury included Border Collie breed (OR, 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 3.3), long nails (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.5), absence of front dewclaws (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.6), and greater weight-to-height ratio (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0). Odds of injury decreased with increasing age of the dog (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.86). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results should be cautiously interpreted because of potential respondent and recall bias and lack of review of medical records. Nevertheless, results suggested that retaining healthy dewclaws, maintaining lean body mass, and trimming nails short for training and competition may decrease the likelihood of digit injuries. Research to investigate training practices, obstacle construction specifcations, and surface considerations for dogs competing in agility activities is indicated.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Sellon, D. C. and Martucci, K. and Wenz, J. R. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Powers, M. and Cullen, K. L.}, year={2018}, pages={75–83} } @article{gjeltema_degernes_buckanoff_marcellin-little_2018, title={Evaluation of Goniometry and Electrogoniometry of Carpus and Elbow Joints in the Barred Owl (Strix varia)}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1938-2871"]}, DOI={10.1647/2018-267}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Gjeltema, Jenessa L. and Degernes, Laurel A. and Buckanoff, Halley D. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={267–278} } @article{ruppert_harrysson_marcellin-little_dahners_weinhold_2018, title={Improved osseointegration with as-built electron beam melted textured implants and improved peri-implant bone volume with whole body vibration}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1873-4030"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.05.003}, abstractNote={Transcutaneous osseointegrated prostheses provide stable connections to the skeleton while eliminating skin lesions experienced with socket prosthetics. Additive manufacturing can create custom textured implants capable of interfacing with amputees' residual bones. Our objective was to compare osseointegration of textured surface implants made by electron beam melting (EBM), an additive manufacturing process, to machine threaded implants. Whole body vibration was investigated to accelerate osseointegration. Two cohorts of Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral, titanium implants (EBM vs. threaded) in their tibiae. One cohort comprising five groups vibrated at 45 Hz: 0.0 (control), 0.15, 0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 g was followed for six weeks. Osseointegration was evaluated through torsional testing and bone volume fraction (BV/TV). A second cohort, divided into two groups (control and 0.6 g), was followed for 24 days and evaluated for resonant frequency, bone-implant contact (BIC) and fluorochrome labeling. The EBM textured implants exhibited significantly improved mechanical stability independent of vibration, highlighting the benefits of using EBM to produce custom textured surfaces. Bone formation on and around the EBM textured implants increased compared to machined implants, as seen by BIC and fluorescence. No difference in torque, BIC or fluorescence among vibration levels was detected. BV/TV significantly increased at 0.6 g compared to control for both implant types.}, journal={MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS}, author={Ruppert, David S. and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Dahners, Laurence E. and Weinhold, Paul S.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={64–71} } @article{cone_martin_marcellin-little_harrysson_griffith_2017, title={Accuracy and repeatability of long-bone replicas of small animals fabricated by use of low-end and high-end commercial three-dimensional printers}, volume={78}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.78.8.900}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To assess the repeatability and accuracy of polymer replicas of small, medium, and large long bones of small animals fabricated by use of 2 low-end and 2 high-end 3-D printers. SAMPLE Polymer replicas of a cat femur, dog radius, and dog tibia were fabricated in triplicate by use of each of four 3-D printing methods. PROCEDURES 3-D renderings of the 3 bones reconstructed from CT images were prepared, and length, width of the proximal aspect, and width of the distal aspect of each CT image were measured in triplicate. Polymer replicas were fabricated by use of a high-end system that relied on jetting of curable liquid photopolymer, a high-end system that relied on polymer extrusion, a triple-nozzle polymer extrusion low-end system, and a dual-nozzle polymer extrusion low-end system. Polymer replicas were scanned by use of a laser-based coordinate measurement machine. Length, width of the proximal aspect, and width of the distal aspect of the scans of replicas were measured and compared with measurements for the 3-D renderings. RESULTS 129 measurements were collected for 34 replicas (fabrication of 1 large long-bone replica was unsuccessful on each of the 2 low-end printers). Replicas were highly repeatable for all 3-D printers. The 3-D printers overestimated dimensions of large replicas by approximately 1%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Low-end and high-end 3-D printers fabricated CT-derived replicas of bones of small animals with high repeatability. Replicas were slightly larger than the original bones.}, number={8}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Cone, J. A. and Martin, T. M. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Harrysson, O. L. A. and Griffith, E. H.}, year={2017}, pages={900–905} } @article{brown_bertocci_marcellin-little_2017, title={Canine cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle biomechanics associated with extra-articular stabilization predicted using a computer model}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12652}, abstractNote={Objective: To evaluate lateral fabellotibial suture (LFTS) and TightRope CCL (TR) extra‐articular stabilization biomechanics in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)‐deficient canine stifle joint during the stance phase of gait. Study design: Computer simulations. Animals: Healthy 33‐kg Golden Retriever. Methods: LFTS and TR were implemented in a previously developed 3‐D quasi‐static rigid body CrCL‐deficient canine pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase of gait. Ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation were determined and compared across the CrCL‐intact, CrCL‐deficient, and extra‐articular stabilized stifle joints. Results: Compared to the CrCL‐intact stifle, peak caudal cruciate and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) loads were increased in the LFTS‐managed stifle, peak caudal cruciate and LCL loads were decreased in the TR‐managed stifle, and peak medial collateral and patellar ligament (PL) loads were similar for both techniques. Compared to the CrCL‐deficient stifle, peak caudal cruciate, lateral collateral, and medial collateral ligament loads decreased, and peak PL load was similar in the LFTS‐ and TR‐managed stifle joints. Peak relative tibial translation decreased, and peak relative tibial rotation changed from internal rotation to external rotation in the LFTS‐ and TR‐managed stifle joints compared to the CrCL‐deficient stifle. Conclusion: Our computer model predicted controlled tibial translation, decreased cruciate and collateral ligament loads, and a change in femorotibial rotation from internal to external with LFTS and TR stifle management as compared to the CrCL‐deficient stifle. This study demonstrates how computer modeling can be used to evaluate biomechanics of stifle stabilization surgical techniques.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Brown, Nathan P. and Bertocci, Gina E. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={653–662} } @article{amsellem_young_muirhead_pack_moak_matthews_marcellin-little_2017, title={Effect of distal ulnar ostectomy on carpal joint stability during weight bearing in the dog}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12721}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of a 50% distal ulnectomy on mediolateral carpal stability in the dog. STUDY DESIGN Canine cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION Seven canine thoracic limbs METHODS: Thoracic limbs were placed in a jig to mimic weight bearing with a load representing 30% of body weight. Carpal extension angle was standardized at 190° ± 5°. Frontal plane carpal angles were measured with the limb loaded on craniocaudal radiographs before and after ulnectomy. Valgus and varus stress radiographs with the limb loaded were acquired before and after ulnectomy. The limbs were palpated and were subjectively graded for valgus or varus instability by 2 investigators before and after ulnectomy. RESULTS Mean (±SD) valgus angulation increased after ulnectomy (2.1° ± 1.7°; P = .017; CI95  = 0.5°-3.7°) when the limb was loaded without valgus or varus stress applied. Mean valgus angulation increased after ulnectomy (2.7° ± 2.8°; P = .032; CI95  = -0.2°-5.5°) when valgus stress was applied to the loaded limb. Varus angulation was unchanged after ulnectomy (0.6° ± 4.6°; P = .383; CI95  = -4.2°-5.3°) when varus stress was applied to the loaded limb. Palpation detected increased valgus score after ulnectomy. CONCLUSION Distal ulnectomy with excision of the lateral styloid process induces a slight increase in valgus in canine cadaver carpi. The clinical consequences of that valgus on carpal function and health should be assessed in clinical patients.}, number={8}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Amsellem, Pierre M. and Young, Aisha N. and Muirhead, Tammy L. and Pack, LeeAnn and Moak, Peter and Matthews, Andrea R. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={1154–1160} } @article{dycus_levine_marcellin-little_2017, title={Physical Rehabilitation for the Management of Canine Hip Dysplasia}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.02.006}, abstractNote={Hip dysplasia is among the most common orthopedic conditions affecting dogs. Joint laxity is responsible for abnormal development of the femoral head and acetabulum, leading to excessive wear of the articular cartilage. Wear leads to secondary osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation is either conservative or after surgical management. Conservative rehabilitation therapies are directed at decreasing pain, improving hip range of motion (ROM), and building or maintaining muscle mass. Postoperatively, rehabilitation focuses on decreasing postoperative pain and inflammation, improving comfort and limb use, and protecting the surgical site. Once the patient has healed, rehabilitation is directed at improving ROM and promoting muscle mass.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Dycus, David L. and Levine, David and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={823-+} } @article{bosscher_tomas_roe_marcellin-little_lascelles_2017, title={Repeatability and accuracy testing of a weight distribution platform and comparison to a pressure sensitive walkway to assess static weight distribution}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0932-0814"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-09-0128}, DOI={10.3415/vcot-16-09-0128}, abstractNote={Summary Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of measurements collected using a weight distribution platform and a pressure sensitive walkway using an inanimate object with known weight distribution. Methods: A custom-built jig with a range of weights was applied in a random order. Measurements were collected on both devices and compared to each other and to the known weight distribution. Results: Weight distribution platform and pressure sensitive walkway measurements were highly correlated to each other (Pearson’s correlation coefficient R = 0.98) and to actual weights (R = 0.99 for the weight distribution platform; 0.98 for the pressure sensitive walkway). Repeatability from day to day for both devices was greater than 0.99. For the weight distribution platform, the 95% confidence interval was ± 2.5% from the true percentage and ± 3.3% for the pressure sensitive walkway. The coefficient of variation (COV) was highest for both devices at the lightest weights (weight distribution platform 11.28%, pressure sensitive walkway 16.91%) and lowest with the heaviest weights (weight distribution platform 3.71%, pressure sensitive walkway 5.86%). Conclusion: Both the weight distribution platform and the pressure sensitive walkway provided accurate and consistent measures of weight distribution with no significant difference between devices. The rounded standard error was three percent for the weight distribution platform, and four percent for the pressure sensitive walkway. The higher variability when measuring the smallest weight suggests less accuracy at lower weights with both devices. Clinical significance: The weight distribution platform is a repeatable and accessible device to measure static weight distribution, and if proven the same in a clinical setting, it will be a valuable addition to current objective measures of limb use.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY}, publisher={Schattauer GmbH}, author={Bosscher, Georgia and Tomas, Andrea and Roe, Simon C. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2017}, pages={160–164} } @article{smith_marcellin-little_harrysson_griffith_2017, title={Three-dimensional assessment of curvature, torsion, and canal flare index of the humerus of skeletally mature nonchondrodystrophic dogs}, volume={78}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.78.10.1140}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To assess 3-D geometry of the humerus of dogs and determine whether the craniocaudal canal flare index (CFI) is associated with specific geometric features. SAMPLE CT images (n = 40) and radiographs (38) for 2 groups of skeletally mature nonchondrodystrophic dogs. PROCEDURES General dimensions (length, CFI, cortical thickness, and humeral head offset), curvature (shaft, humeral head, and glenoid cavity), version (humeral head and greater tubercle), and torsion were evaluated on CT images. Dogs were allocated into 3 groups on the basis of the craniocaudal CFI, and results were compared among these 3 groups. The CT measurements were compared with radiographic measurements obtained for another group of dogs. RESULTS Mean ± SD humeral head version was -75.9 ± 9.6° (range, -100.7° to -59.4°). Mean mechanical lateral distal humeral angle, mechanical caudal proximal humeral angle, and mechanical cranial distal humeral angle were 89.5 ± 3.5°, 50.2 ± 4.5°, and 72.9 ± 7.8°, respectively, and did not differ from corresponding radiographic measurements. Mean humeral curvature was 20.4 ± 4.4° (range, 9.6° to 30.5°). Mean craniocaudal CFI was 1.74 ± 0.18 (range, 1.37 to 2.10). Dogs with a high craniocaudal CFI had thicker cranial and medial cortices than dogs with a low craniocaudal CFI. Increased body weight was associated with a lower craniocaudal CFI. Radiographic and CT measurements of craniocaudal CFI and curvature differed significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CT-based 3-D reconstructions allowed the assessment of shaft angulation, torsion, and CFI. Radiographic and CT measurements of shaft curvature and CFI may differ.}, number={10}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Smith, E. J. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Harrysson, Ola and Griffith, E. H.}, year={2017}, pages={1140–1149} } @article{risselada_marcellin-little_messenger_griffith_davidson_papich_2016, title={Assessment of in vitro release of carboplatin from six carrier media}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.77.12.1381}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To investigate in vitro carboplatin release from 6 carrier media. SAMPLE 6 carboplatin-containing carrier media. PROCEDURES An in vitro release study was performed with 6 commercially available carrier media: a hemostatic gelatin sponge, a poloxamer copolymer gel, and 2 sizes (3 and 4.8 mm in diameter) of beads molded from each of 2 commercial calcium sulfate products. All carrier media contained 10 mg of carboplatin. Carrier media specimens were placed in 37°C PBS solution for 96 hours. Carboplatin concentrations in PBS solution were measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography at 15 time points to calculate the amount and proportion of carboplatin released from each specimen. RESULTS Peak release of carboplatin from the poloxamer copolymer gel and hemostatic gelatin sponge were achieved after 4 and 20 hours, respectively. Maximum release did not differ significantly between the poloxamer copolymer gel and hemostatic gelatin sponge, but both released significantly more carboplatin within 96 hours than did both of the commercial calcium sulfate products. The poloxamer copolymer gel released 99% of the carboplatin, and the hemostatic gelatin sponge released 68.5% of the carboplatin. Peak release of carboplatin from the calcium sulfate beads was not reached within 96 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, carboplatin release from the hemostatic gelatin sponge was incomplete. The poloxamer copolymer gel and hemostatic gelatin sponge released carboplatin rapidly in vitro, whereas calcium sulfate beads did not.}, number={12}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Risselada, Marije and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Messenger, Kristen M. and Griffith, Emily and Davidson, Gigi S. and Papich, Mark G.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={1381–1386} } @article{smith_marcellin-little_harrysson_griffith_2016, title={Influence of chondrodystrophy and brachycephaly on geometry of the humerus in dogs}, volume={29}, ISSN={["2567-6911"]}, DOI={10.3415/vcot-15-11-0181}, abstractNote={Summary Objective: To assess the geometry of canine humeri as seen on radiographs in chondrodystrophic dogs (CD) and brachycephalic dogs (BD) compared to non-chondrodystrophic dogs (NCD). Methods: Mediolateral (ML) and craniocaudal (CC) radiographs of skeletally mature humeri were used (CD [n = 5], BD [n = 9], NCD [n = 48]) to evaluate general dimensions (length, width, canal flare, cortical thickness), curvature (shaft, humeral head, and glenoid), and angulation (humeral head and condyle). Measurements from CD, BD, and NCD were compared. Results: Mean humeral length was shorter in CD (108 mm) compared to BD (184 mm, p = 0.001) and NCD (183 mm, p <0.001). Craniocaudal cortical thickness at 70% of humeral length and ML cortical thickness at 30%, 50%, and 70% of humeral length were less in CD compared to BD and NCD. Humeral shaft curvature was greater in CD (9.9°) compared to BD (6.7°, p = 0.023). The ratio of glenoid radius of curvature / humeral length was greater for CD (11.1%) compared to NCD (9.7%, p = 0.013). The ratio of humeral width / humeral length was greater for BD (29.4%) compared to NCD (26.2%, p = 0.043). The ratio of glenoid length / humeral length was greater in CD (18.0%) than BD (16.4%, p = 0.048) and NCD (15.6%, p <0.001). Clinical significance: Bone proportions and curvature in CD differ from BD and NCD. Differences are minor and unlikely to have clinical significance.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY}, author={Smith, Emily J. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Griffith, Emily H.}, year={2016}, pages={220–226} } @article{harrysson_marcellin-little_horn_2015, title={Applications of Metal Additive Manufacturing in Veterinary Orthopedic Surgery}, volume={67}, ISSN={["1543-1851"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11837-015-1295-x}, number={3}, journal={JOM}, author={Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Horn, Timothy J.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={647–654} } @article{mcdonald-lynch_marcellin-little_roe_lascelles_trumpatori_griffith_2015, title={Assessment of an implant-skin interface scoring system for external skeletal fixation of dogs}, volume={76}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.76.11.931}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.76.11.931}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To assess intraobserver repeatability and interobserver and in vivo versus photographic agreement of a scoring system for the implant-skin interface (ISI) of external skeletal fixation (ESF). SAMPLE 42 photographs of ISIs from 18 dogs for interobserver agreement and intraobserver repeatability and 27 photographs of ISIs from 6 dogs for in vivo versus photograph agreement. PROCEDURES An ISI inflammation scoring system was developed. It included scales for 6 metrics (erythema, drainage amount, drainage type, swelling, hair loss or lack of hair regrowth, and granulation tissue). Photographs of the ISI of ESF were obtained by use of a standard protocol and evaluated to determine intraobserver repeatability and interobserver agreement (Cronbach α; 4 raters) of the ISI score. Agreement between in vivo and photographic ISI scores (2 raters) and correlation between median scores across metrics were evaluated. RESULTS 42 photographs met the inclusion criteria. Overall intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.922 to 0.975. Interobserver overall Cronbach α ranged from 0.835 to 0.943. For in vivo versus photographic assessment, 27 ISIs in 6 dogs and their photographs were evaluated. The Cronbach α for both raters ranged from 0.614 to 0.938. Overall, the Cronbach α ranged from 0.725 to 0.932. Mean photographic scores were greater than mean in vivo scores for each metric. Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.221 to 0.923. Erythema, swelling, and granulation were correlated with all other metrics. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, an ISI scoring system used in this study had high repeatability and agreement and may therefore be considered for use in clinical situations. Photographic scores were not equivalent to in vivo scores and should not be used interchangeably.}, number={11}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={McDonald-Lynch, M. B. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Roe, Simon and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Trumpatori, B. J. and Griffith, E. H.}, year={2015}, pages={931–938} } @article{brown_bertocci_marcellin-little_2015, title={Canine Stifle Biomechanics Associated With Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Predicted Using a Computer Model}, volume={44}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/vsu.12363}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on canine biomechanics in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle using a 3-dimensional quasi-static rigid body pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase of gait. STUDY DESIGN Computer simulations. ANIMALS A 5-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever weighing 33 kg. METHODS A TTA was implemented in a previously developed canine pelvic limb computer model using the tibial plateau slope and common tangent planning techniques. Ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation were determined and compared to CrCL-intact and CrCL-deficient stifles. RESULTS The TTA significantly decreased peak caudal cruciate ligament load, significantly increased peak lateral collateral ligament load, and significantly changed peak medial collateral ligament load occurrence, while there was no significant difference in peak patellar ligament load compared to the CrCL-intact stifle. Compared to the CrCL-deficient stifle, peak caudal cruciate, lateral collateral and medial collateral ligament loads significantly decreased, while peak patellar ligament load was similar, peak relative tibial translation significantly decreased and peak relative tibial rotation was converted to external rotation in the TTA-treated stifle. Each TTA planning technique generated similar caudal cruciate, medial collateral, and patellar ligament loading as well as relative tibial translation, but lateral collateral ligament loading and occurrence of relative tibial rotation differed significantly across the techniques. CONCLUSIONS Model-predicted stifle ligament loads improved following TTA compared to the CrCL-deficient stifle, but TTA did not restore CrCL-intact stifle biomechanics. The TTA effectively reduced tibial translation, but tibial rotation was not stabilized.}, number={7}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Brown, Nathan P. and Bertocci, Gina E. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={866–873} } @article{drum_bockstahler_levine_marcellin-little_2015, title={Feline Rehabilitation}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.09.010}, abstractNote={Cats have orthopedic problems, including osteoarthritis, fractures, and luxations that are positively impacted by physical rehabilitation. Most cats have an independent behavior that requires using a tactful approach to rehabilitation. Cats often do well with manual therapy and electrophysical modalities. Feline rehabilitation sessions may be shorter than canine rehabilitation sessions. Cats do best with therapeutic exercises when these exercises are linked to hunting, playing, or feeding.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Drum, Marti G. and Bockstahler, Barbara and Levine, David and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={185-+} } @article{brown_bertocci_marcellin-little_2015, title={Influence of biomechanical parameters on cranial cruciate ligament-deficient or -intact canine stifle joints assessed by use of a computer simulation model}, volume={76}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.76.11.952}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of 4 biomechanical parameters on canine cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-intact and -deficient stifle joints. SAMPLE Data for computer simulations of a healthy 5-year-old 33-kg neutered male Golden Retriever in a previously developed 3-D rigid body pelvic limb computer model simulating the stance phase during walking. PROCEDURES Canine stifle joint biomechanics were assessed when biomechanical parameters (CrCL stiffness, CrCL prestrain, body weight, and stifle joint friction coefficient) were altered in the pelvic limb computer simulation model. Parameters were incrementally altered from baseline values to determine the influence on stifle joint outcome measures (ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation). Stifle joint outcome measures were compared between CrCL-intact and -deficient stifle joints for the range of parameters evaluated. RESULTS In the CrCL-intact stifle joint, ligament loads were most sensitive to CrCL prestrain. In the CrCL-deficient stifle joint, ligament loads were most sensitive to body weight. Relative tibial translation was most sensitive to body weight, whereas relative tibial rotation was most sensitive to CrCL prestrain. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, computer model sensitivity analyses predicted that CrCL prestrain and body weight influenced stifle joint biomechanics. Cranial cruciate ligament laxity may influence the likelihood of CrCL deficiency. Body weight could play an important role in management of dogs with a CrCL-deficient stifle joint.}, number={11}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Brown, Nathan P. and Bertocci, Gina E. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={952–958} } @article{marcellin-little_drum_levine_mcdonald_2015, title={Orthoses and Exoprostheses for Companion Animals}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.09.009}, abstractNote={Exoprostheses are devices that are secured to incomplete limbs to enable locomotion. By comparison, orthoses are devices externally applied to support or protect an injured body part. Orthoses also can be used to control, guide, protect, limit motion of, or immobilize an extremity, a joint, or a body segment. Exoprostheses and orthoses are a growing aspect of the physical rehabilitation of companion animals. They require precise design and fabrication. Patients and owners must be trained to use the devices. Exoprostheses and orthoses can have a profound beneficial impact on the mobility and the quality of life of companion animals.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Drum, Marti G. and Levine, David and McDonald, Susan S.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={167-+} } @article{marcellin-little_doyle_pyke_2015, title={Physical Rehabilitation After Total Joint Arthroplasty in Companion Animals}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.09.008}, abstractNote={Patients who have total joint arthroplasty have varying needs related to rehabilitation. In the short term, rehabilitation should be used in all dogs to identify high-risk patients and to minimize the likelihood of postoperative complications. Many patients undergoing total hip replacement recover uneventfully without needing long-term physiotherapy. All patients undergoing total knee replacement and total elbow replacement need rehabilitation to restore limb use and maximize their functional recovery. This article presents rehabilitation considerations for companion animals undergoing total hip replacement, total knee replacement, and total elbow replacement; postoperative complications and how to mitigate risks; and anticipated patient outcomes.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Doyle, Nancy D. and Pyke, Joanna Freeman}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={145-+} } @article{kapler_marcellin-little_roe_2015, title={Planned wedge size compared to achieved advancement in dogs undergoing the modified Maquet procedure}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0932-0814"]}, DOI={10.3415/vcot-15-02-0026}, abstractNote={Summary Objectives: To evaluate the patellar ligament to tibial plateau angle (PL-TPA) and amount of achieved advancement in dogs that underwent the modified Maquet procedure; compare wedge sizes recommended using two different planning techniques (Orthomed and modified tibial tuberosity advancement); and evaluate anatomical factors that predict the wedge size required to obtain a 90° PL-TPA. Methods: Pre- and postoperative radio-graphs of dogs that had a modified Maquet procedure performed were evaluated for the following: calculated wedge size using two different planning techniques, the actual wedge size used, the achieved tibial tuberosity advancement, and the changes in PL-TPA. Anatomical measurements of the tibia were evaluated and correlated with the actual wedge size. Results: Of the 38 modified Maquet procedures identified, 53% (n = 20) had a PLTPA of 90° ± 5°. Actual achieved advancement of the tibial tuberosity was 30% less than the wedge size used. Changes in PL-TPA and tibial width persisted at eight weeks postoperatively without loss of advancement. The two planning techniques did not result in a significantly different selection of wedge size. Clinical relevance: Current planning techniques for the modified Maquet procedure result in under-advancement of the tibial tuberosity. Both measurement techniques evaluated do not result in appropriate advancement.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY}, author={Kapler, M. W. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Roe, S. C.}, year={2015}, pages={379–384} } @article{marcellin-little_levine_2015, title={Principles and Application of Range of Motion and Stretching in Companion Animals}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.09.004}, abstractNote={Optimal function after injury, surgery, or in patients with chronic conditions requires adequate motion in joints, muscles, tendon, fascia, and skin. Range of motion and stretching exercises are commonly used in companion animal rehabilitation programs to maintain or improve motion of musculoskeletal tissues. Range of motion exercises and stretching prevent adhesions from forming, help scar tissue remodeling, may improve muscle tone, and prevent future injury from occurring. Stretching is used to avoid loss of motion or to regain lost joint motion. Stretching is done manually, using external coaptation, or using therapeutic exercises. Careful documentation of range of motion is necessary.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Levine, David}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={57-+} } @article{drum_marcellin-little_davis_2015, title={Principles and Applications of Therapeutic Exercises for Small Animals}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.09.005}, abstractNote={Therapeutic exercises are the cornerstone of the rehabilitation programs of companion animals. Therapeutic exercises are used to improve active joint range of motion, to improve weight bearing and limb use, to build strength and muscle mass, and to increase conditioning (eg, endurance, speed). Each case is unique as chronicity, type of injury, patient signalment and temperament, owner compliance, and level of required functional recovery vary widely. Therapeutic exercises are also essential for partial return to work or performance and to learn to perform activities of daily living after injury or surgery.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Drum, Marti G. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Davis, Michael S.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={73-+} } @article{sims_waldron_marcellin-little_2015, title={Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy for the Neurologic Veterinary Patient}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.09.007}, abstractNote={A comprehensive physiotherapy plan for neurology patients manages pain, prevents secondary complications, and supports the health and function of musculoskeletal tissues during recovery. Neurologically impaired patients range in ability from complete immobility (tetraplegia/paraplegia), partial mobility (tetraparesis/paraparesis), mild ataxia, to pain only. Important considerations for the design of a physiotherapy program include access to the patient, level of staff support, and safety of staff, patient, and client during treatments. A thorough overview of the treatment plan and expected outcome should be discussed with the client at the onset of therapy and should be reviewed frequently, particularly as the patient's status changes.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Sims, Cory and Waldron, Rennie and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={123-+} } @article{roe_marcellin-little_lascelles_2015, title={Revision of a loose cementless short-stem threaded femoral component using a standard cementless stem in a canine hip arthroplasty}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0932-0814"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-13-10-0130}, DOI={10.3415/vcot-13-10-0130}, abstractNote={Summary A Helica short-stemmed femoral prosthesis that was identified as being loose one year after implantation was revised with a standard long stem cementless BFX femoral pros-thesis. A double pelvic osteotomy was also performed to improve the orientation of the stable acetabular cup. Despite complete resorption of the femoral neck, and a large perforation of the lateral femoral cortex, the revision stem did not subside or rotate. The prosthetic joint did not dislocate. At re-evaluation two years after revision surgery, the prosthetic components were stable. Signs of bone ingrowth into the stem and cup were evident on radiographs. The dog had a seven percent greater thigh muscle girth in the limb implanted with the hip prosthesis compared to the contralateral limb, and was very active with no lameness.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY}, author={Roe, S. C. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Lascelles, B. D. X.}, year={2015}, pages={54–59} } @article{korani_marcellin-little_roe_2015, title={Variability associated with assessing changes in position of a canine uncemented femoral stem prosthesis}, volume={28}, ISSN={["2567-6911"]}, DOI={10.3415/vcot-15-03-0044}, abstractNote={Summary Objective: Evaluate variability associated with assessing changes in the position of uncemented femoral stems. Methods: Stem level, canal fill, stem angle, and version angle were measured on craniocaudal horizontal beam (CCHB) and open leg lateral (OLL) radiographic projections of the femur of 20 dogs that had uncemented total hip replacement. Intraobserver and inter -observer repeatability were determined on immediate postoperative (PO) images. Differences in position were calculated between the first (3 months – R1) and second (6 months – R2) re-evaluation (R1-R2) time points, and between PO and R1. Results: The measurement process was very repeatable. For R1-R2, the stem appeared to subside 0.8 ± 1.4 mm for measurements based on the greater trochanter on the CCHB images, but there was a wide range (-3.9 to 2 mm; positive values indicate proximad movement). Measurements based on the inter-trochanteric crest on the OLL images had the same mean, and also a wide range (-4.4 to 2.1 mm; negative values indicate proximad movement). For PO-R1, the stem appeared to subside 1.8 ± 2.0 mm (CCHB, based on the greater trochanter, range -7.7 to 2.2 mm), 1.6 ± 1.5 mm (CCHB, based on the intertrochanteric crest, range -0.7 to 4.3 mm); and 2.1 ± 2.1 mm (OLL, based on the intertrochanteric crest, range -1.6 to 6.8 mm). Conclusion: The position of a stable stem can appear different on subsequent re-evaluations, but this may be due to variability associated with inconsistency of positioning of the patient and limb. Clinical significance: Documenting subsidence in individual patients should not rely on calculations based on a single measurement.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY}, author={Korani, H. M. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Roe, S. C.}, year={2015}, pages={409–416} } @article{marcellin-little_levine_millis_2015, title={Veterinary Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy Preface}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.10.001}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Levine, David and Millis, Darryl L.}, year={2015}, month={Jan}, pages={IX-X} } @article{krebs_roe_lascelles_marcellin-little_trumpatori_spodnick_2014, title={Biomechanical Evaluation of the Influence of an Intramedullary Pin on the Stability of a Feline Ilial Fracture Model Stabilized With a Bone Plate}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12091.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12091.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To compare the mechanical properties of feline ilial fractures stabilized with either a plate (P), or a plate and IM pin (P + P). STUDY DESIGN Mechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Cadaveric cat pelvii (n = 10). METHODS Feline ilial fractures (n = 20) stabilized with either P or P + P were subjected to 100 nondestructive load cycles, then loaded to failure. Deformation after cycling, yield load and displacement, stiffness and load at 2 mm of displacement were compared between groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups for any of the parameters. Variability of data was much larger for the P + P group. CONCLUSIONS No biomechanical advantage was demonstrated. The P + P constructs were not significantly stronger than plates alone in this acutely loaded cadaveric model.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Krebs, Renee C. and Roe, Simon C. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Trumpatori, Brian J. and Spodnick, Gary}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={114–119} } @article{brown_bertocci_marcellin-little_2014, title={Canine stifle joint biomechanics associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy predicted by use of a computer model}, volume={75}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.75.7.626}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) on canine stifle joint biomechanics in a cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle joint by use of a 3-D computer model simulating the stance phase of gait and to compare biomechanics in TPLO-managed, CrCL-intact, and CrCL-deficient stifle joints. SAMPLE Computer simulations of the pelvic limb of a Golden Retriever. PROCEDURES A previously developed computer model of the canine pelvic limb was used to simulate TPLO stabilization to achieve a tibial plateau angle (TPA) of 5° (baseline value) in a CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for tibial fragment rotation of 13° to -3°. Ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation were determined and compared with values for CrCL-intact and CrCL-deficient stifle joints. RESULTS TPLO with a 5° TPA converted cranial tibial translation to caudal tibial translation and increased loads placed on the remaining stifle joint ligaments, compared with results for a CrCL-intact stifle joint. Lateral collateral ligament load was similar, medial collateral ligament load increased, and caudal cruciate ligament load decreased after TPLO, compared with loads for a CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Relative tibial rotation after TPLO was similar to that of a CrCL-deficient stifle joint. Stifle joint biomechanics were affected by TPLO fragment rotation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the model, stifle joint biomechanics were partially improved after TPLO, compared with CrCL-deficient stifle joint biomechanics, but TPLO did not fully restore CrCL-intact stifle joint biomechanics. Overrotation of the tibial fragment negatively influenced stifle joint biomechanics by increasing caudal tibial translation.}, number={7}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Brown, Nathan P. and Bertocci, Gina E. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={626–632} } @article{gulledge_marcellin-little_levine_tillman_harrysson_osborne_baxter_2014, title={Comparison of two stretching methods and optimization of stretching protocol for the piriformis muscle}, volume={36}, ISSN={1350-4533}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MEDENGPHY.2013.10.016}, DOI={10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.10.016}, abstractNote={Piriformis syndrome is an uncommon diagnosis for a non-discogenic form of sciatica whose treatment has traditionally focused on stretching the piriformis muscle (PiM). Conventional stretches include hip flexion, adduction, and external rotation. Using three-dimensional modeling, we quantified the amount of (PiM) elongation resulting from two conventional stretches and we investigated by use of a computational model alternate stretching protocols that would optimize PiM stretching. Seven subjects underwent three CT scans: one supine, one with hip flexion, adduction, then external rotation (ADD stretch), and one with hip flexion, external rotation, then adduction (ExR stretch). Three-dimensional bone models were constructed from the CT scans. PiM elongation during these stretches, femoral neck inclination, femoral head anteversion, and trochanteric anteversion were measured. A computer program was developed to map PiM length over a range of hip joint positions and was validated against the measured scans. ExR and ADD stretches elongated the PiM similarly by approximately 12%. Femoral head and greater trochanter anteversion influenced PiM elongation. Placing the hip joints in 115° of hip flexion, 40° of external rotation and 25° of adduction or 120° of hip flexion, 50° of external rotation and 30° of adduction increased PiM elongation by 30-40% compared to conventional stretches (15.1 and 15.3% increases in PiM muscle length, respectively). ExR and ADD stretches elongate the PiM similarly and therefore may have similar clinical effectiveness. The optimized stretches led to larger increases in PiM length and may be more easily performed by some patients due to increased hip flexion.}, number={2}, journal={Medical Engineering & Physics}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Gulledge, Brett M. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Levine, David and Tillman, Larry and Harrysson, Ola L.A. and Osborne, Jason A. and Baxter, Blaise}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={212–218} } @article{kwan_marcellin-little_harrysson_2014, title={Correction of Biapical Radial Deformities by Use of Bi-Level Hinged Circular External Fixation and Distraction Osteogenesis in 13 Dogs}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12114.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVES To describe clinical, radiographic, and computed tomographic (CT) assessment of biapical deformities of the radius in dogs and evaluate the effectiveness of their management by use of bilevel hinged circular external fixation frames. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, non-randomized cohort study. ANIMALS Dogs (N = 26: 13 with 14 limbs operated, 13 controls). METHODS CT scans of the forelimbs were performed and CT-based polymer replicas prepared. Rotation within the elbow joint, varus of the proximal portion of the radius, radial torsion, valgus of the distal portion of the radius, procurvatum, and rotation within the carpal joint were measured on radiographs, on polymer replicas, and on CT scans. Bilevel hinged circular external fixation frames were assembled on polymer replicas and identical frames were placed on dogs. Torsion was corrected acutely and angulation was corrected progressively. Functional outcome was assessed subjectively. RESULTS Buckling was present preoperatively in operated limbs. Mean (± SD) varus of the proximal portion of the radius was 36 ± 8°, valgus of the distal portion of the radius was 32 ± 5°, external radial torsion was 35 ± 6°, procurvatum was 41 ± 10°, and medial translation was 44 ± 11 mm. Treatment duration was 80 ± 24 days. Buckling was not observed after surgery. Lameness scores improved in all dogs (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The forelimbs of dogs with severe biapical radial deformities buckle and have increased radial head rotation and radial torsion. Biapical radial deformities can be managed with proximal and distal radial osteotomies and bilevel hinged circular external fixation.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Kwan, Toni W. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Harrysson, Ola L. A.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={316–329} } @article{horn_harrysson_west_little_marcellin-little_2014, title={Development of a patient-specific bone analog for the biomechanical evaluation of custom implants}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1758-7670"]}, DOI={10.1108/rpj-08-2012-0069}, abstractNote={Purpose – The aim of this study is to describe an improved experimental substrate for the mechanical testing of patient-specific implants fabricated using direct metal additive manufacturing processes. This method reduces variability and sample size requirements and addresses the importance of geometry at the bone/implant interface. Design/methodology/approach – Short-fiber glass/resin materials for cortical bone and polyurethane foam materials for cancellous bone were evaluated using standard tensile coupons. A method for fabricating bone analogs with patient-specific geometries using rapid tooling is presented. Bone analogs of a canine radius were fabricated and compared to cadaveric specimens in several biomechanical tests as validation. Findings – The analog materials exhibit a tensile modulus that falls within the range of expected values for cortical and cancellous bone. The tensile properties of the cortical bone analog vary with fiber loading. The canine radius models exhibited similar mechanical ...}, number={1}, journal={RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL}, author={Horn, Timothy J. and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and West, Harvey A., II and Little, Jeffrey P. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2014}, pages={41–49} } @article{tuohy_marcellin-little_griffith_2014, title={Durations of Bone Consolidation and External Fixation After Distraction Osteogenesis in Dogs}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12189.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of epidemiologic, surgical, and mechanical factors on the durations of bone consolidation and external fixation after distraction osteogenesis in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION Dogs (n = 115) that had corrective osteotomy with circular external fixation (CEF; n = 152) METHODS: Medical and radiographic records (1992-2012) of dogs that had corrective osteotomies were reviewed. Putative variables included age, weight, gender, and breed. Surgery date, delay before distraction, rate and duration of distraction, mechanical complications, and frame removal date were recorded. Radiographic data included bone operated, bone length, osteotomy site, bone and limb size at osteotomy site, distraction distance, and CEF frame size and stiffness. RESULTS Mean ± SD bone consolidation period was 56 ± 33 days. Mean duration of external fixation was 77 ± 35 days. Twelve fixation failures occurred. Radii healed faster than tibiae (P < .001). Failure of fixation (P = .002) and stiff frames (P = .033) increased duration of bone consolidation. For the tibia, durations of bone consolidation and external fixation decreased with larger bone size relative to limb size (P = .004). For the radius, bone consolidation duration decreased as distraction amount increased (P = .03). CONCLUSION Radii healed faster than tibiae. Wearing frames with low or moderate stiffness, the absence of mechanical complications, a larger distraction distance, and a larger bone size accelerated bone consolidation. Optimizing these factors should accelerate bone consolidation and reduce the duration of external fixation.}, number={8}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Tuohy, Joanne L. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Griffith, Emily H.}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={903–911} } @article{brown_bertocci_marcellin-little_2014, title={Evaluation of varying morphological parameters on the biomechanics of a cranial cruciate ligament-deficient or intact canine stifle joint with a computer simulation model}, volume={75}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.75.1.26}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of varying morphological parameters on canine stifle joint biomechanics by use of a 3-D rigid-body canine pelvic limb computer model that simulated an intact and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle joint across the stance phase of gait at a walk. SAMPLE Data from computer simulations. PROCEDURES Computer model morphological parameters, including patellar ligament insertion location, tibial plateau angle (TPA), and femoral condyle diameter (FCD), were incrementally altered to determine their influence on outcome measures (ligament loads, relative tibial translation, and relative tibial rotation) during simulation of the stance phase of gait at a walk. Outcome measures were assessed for each scenario and compared between an intact and CrCL-deficient stifle joint with the sensitivity index (the percentage change in outcome measure divided by the percentage change in input parameter). RESULTS In a CrCL-intact stifle joint, ligament loads were most sensitive to TPA. In a CrCL-deficient stifle joint, outcome measures were most sensitive to TPA with the exception of caudal cruciate ligament and lateral collateral ligament loads, which were sensitive to FCD and TPA. Relative tibial translation was sensitive to TPA and patellar ligament insertion location, whereas relative tibial rotation was most sensitive to TPA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The computer model sensitivity analyses predicted that individual parameters, particularly TPA and FCD, influence stifle joint biomechanics. Therefore, tibial and femoral morphological parameters may affect the likelihood, prevention, and management of CrCL deficiency.}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Brown, Nathan P. and Bertocci, Gina E. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={26–33} } @article{springer_harrysson_marcellin-little_bernacki_2014, title={In vitro dermal and epidermal cellular response to titanium alloy implants fabricated with electron beam melting}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1873-4030"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.07.004}, abstractNote={Transdermal osseointegrated prostheses (TOPs) are emerging as an alternative to socket prostheses. Electron beam melting (EBM) is a promising additive manufacturing technology for manufacture of custom, freeform titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants. Skin ongrowth for infection resistance and mechanical stability are critically important to the success of TOP, which can be influenced by material composition and surface characteristics. We assessed viability and proliferation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) on several Ti6Al4V surfaces: solid polished commercial, solid polished EBM, solid unpolished EBM and porous unpolished EBM. Cell proliferation was evaluated at days 2 and 7 using alamarBlue(®) and cell viability was analyzed with a fluorescence-based live-dead assay after 1 week. NHDF and NHEK were viable and proliferated on all Ti6Al4V surfaces. NHDF proliferation was highest on commercial and EBM polished surfaces. NHEK was highest on commercial polished surfaces. All EBM Ti6Al4V discs exhibited an acceptable biocompatibility profile compared to solid Ti6Al4V discs from a commercial source for dermal and epidermal cells. EBM may be considered as an option for fabrication of custom transdermal implants.}, number={10}, journal={MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS}, author={Springer, Jessica Collins and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Bernacki, Susan H.}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={1367–1372} } @article{tomas_marcellin-little_roe_motsinger-reif_lascelles_2014, title={Relationship Between Mechanical Thresholds and Limb Use in Dogs With Coxofemoral Joint OA-Associated Pain and the Modulating Effects of Pain Alleviation From Total Hip Replacement on Mechanical Thresholds}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12160.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12160.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVES To compare von Frey mechanical quantitative sensory thresholds (mQSTvF ) between pelvic limbs in dogs before unilateral total hip replacement (THR) surgery; to correlate ground reaction forces (GRF) with mQSTvF ; to assess changes in mQSTvF after THR surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 44). METHODS mQSTvF and GRF measured using a pressure sensitive walkway were evaluated before, and 3, 6, and 12 months after, unilateral THR. Measurements were recorded from the affected (operated) pelvic limb (APL) and the non-operated pelvic limb (NPL). Random effects analysis and forwards stepwise linear regression models were used to evaluate the influence of time since surgery and patient factors on mQSTvF thresholds. RESULTS There were no significant correlations between mQSTvF data and age, bodyweight or the GRF variables. Preoperative mQSTvF measured at the APL and NPL did not differ (P = .909). mQSTvF thresholds increased significantly after 12 months in NPL (P = .047) and APL (P = .001). In addition to time, APL mQSTvF values were significantly affected by sex (higher in males, P = .010) and body condition score (higher in leaner dogs, P = .035) and NPL mQSTvF values by sex (P = .038). CONCLUSION Successful unilateral THR results in decreased central sensitization after 12 months.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Tomas, Andrea and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Roe, Simon C. and Motsinger-Reif, Alison and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={542–548} } @article{greene_marcellin-little_laselles_2013, title={Associations among exercise duration, lameness severity, and hip joint range of motion in Labrador Retrievers with hip dysplasia}, volume={242}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.242.11.1528}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To evaluate factors associated with lameness severity and hip joint range of motion in dogs with hip dysplasia and to assess the association between hip joint range of motion and degree of lameness. DESIGN Prospective case series. ANIMALS 60 client-owned Labrador Retrievers with hip dysplasia. PROCEDURES Owners completed a questionnaire regarding their dogs' daily exercise duration and type (i.e., low impact vs high impact) and lifestyle. Range of motion of affected hip joints was measured with a transparent plastic goniometer. The presence of subluxation or luxation of hip joints as a consequence of hip dysplasia and the size of the largest osteophytes or enthesophytes of hip joints on ventrodorsal radiographic images of the pelvis were recorded. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with lameness, loss of hip joint flexion, and loss of hip joint extension and to identify factors associated with the presence of large osteophytes. RESULTS Exercise was associated with a decrease in the severity of lameness in dogs with hip dysplasia. The strength of this inverse relationship increased with longer exercise duration. Lameness was more severe in dogs with hip joint luxation than in dogs without luxation. Hip joint extension was 1° lower for each year of age, and osteophyte or enthesophyte size was 1 mm larger with each 3-year increase in age. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Longer daily exercise duration was associated with lower lameness scores in dogs with hip dysplasia. Dogs with hip joint luxation secondary to hip dysplasia had higher lameness scores than did dogs without hip joint luxation.}, number={11}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Greene, Laura M. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Laselles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2013}, month={Jun}, pages={1528–1533} } @article{brown_bertocci_marcellin-little_2013, title={DEVELOPMENT OF A CANINE STIFLE COMPUTER MODEL TO EVALUATE CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT DEFICIENCY}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1793-6810"]}, DOI={10.1142/s0219519413500437}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) quasi-static rigid body canine pelvic limb computer model simulating a cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) intact and CrCL-deficient stifle during walking stance to describe stifle biomechanics. The model was based on a five-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever (33 kg) with no orthopedic or neurologic disease. Skeletal geometry and ligament anatomy determined from computed tomography (CT), optimized muscle forces, motion capture kinematics, and force platform ground reaction forces were used to develop the model. Ligament loads, tibial translation, tibial rotation, and femoromeniscal contact forces were compared across the intact and CrCL-deficient stifle. The CrCL was found to be the primary intact stifle load-bearing ligament, and the caudal cruciate ligament was the primary CrCL-deficient stifle load-bearing ligament. Normalized tibial translation and rotation were 0.61 mm/kg and 0.14 degrees/kg, respectively. Our model confirmed that the CrCL stabilizes the intact stifle and limits tibial translation and rotation. Model verification was confirmed through agreement with experimentally measured kinematics and previous in vivo, in vitro, and mathematical model studies. Parametric analysis indicated outcome measure sensitivity to ligament pre-strain. Computer modeling could be useful to further investigate stifle biomechanics associated with surgical stabilization techniques.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF MECHANICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY}, author={Brown, Nathan P. and Bertocci, Gina E. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2013}, month={Apr} } @article{brady_sidiropoulos_bennett_rider_marcellin-little_devita_2013, title={Evaluation of gait-related variables in lean and obese dogs at a trot}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.74.5.757}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To assess differences in sagittal plane joint kinematics and ground reaction forces between lean and obese adult dogs of similar sizes at 2 trotting velocities. ANIMALS 16 adult dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs with body condition score (BCS) of 8 or 9 (obese dogs; n = 8) and dogs with BCS of 4 or 5 (lean dogs; 8) on a 9-point scale were evaluated. Sagittal plane joint kinematic and ground reaction force data were obtained from dogs trotting at 1.8 and 2.5 m/s with a 3-D motion capture system, a force platform, and 12 infrared markers placed on bony landmarks. RESULTS Mean stride lengths for forelimbs and hind limbs at both velocities were shorter in obese than in lean dogs. Stance phase range of motion (ROM) was greater in obese dogs than in lean dogs for shoulder (28.2° vs 20.6°), elbow (23.6° vs 16.4°), hip (27.2° vs 22.9°), and tarsal (38.9° vs 27.9°) joints at both velocities. Swing phase ROM was greater in obese dogs than in lean dogs for elbow (61.2° vs 53.7°) and hip (34.4° vs 29.8°) joints. Increased velocity was associated with increased stance ROM in elbow joints and increased stance and swing ROM in hip joints of obese dogs. Obese dogs exerted greater peak vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces than did lean dogs. Body mass and peak vertical ground reaction force were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Greater ROM detected during the stance phase and greater ground reaction forces in the gait of obese dogs, compared with lean dogs, may cause greater compressive forces within joints and could influence the development of osteoarthritis.}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Brady, Robert B. and Sidiropoulos, Alexis N. and Bennett, Hunter J. and Rider, Patrick M. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and DeVita, Paul}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={757–762} } @article{seibert_marcellin-little_roe_depuy_lascelles_2012, title={Comparison of Body Weight Distribution, Peak Vertical Force, and Vertical Impulse as Measures of Hip Joint Pain and Efficacy of Total Hip Replacement}, volume={41}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.00957.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.00957.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a difference between the ability of peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), and percentage body weight distribution (%BW(dist) ) in differentiating which leg is most affected by hip joint pain before total hip replacement (THR) surgery, and for measuring changes in limb use after THR surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 47). METHODS Ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected using a pressure-sensitive walkway the day before THR surgery and at ∼3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. PVF and VI expressed as a percentage of body weight (%PVF, %VI), and %BW(dist) were recorded. Regression models performed separately for each outcome were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS When comparing limb use between the affected limb (AP) and the nonaffected limb (NP) preoperatively, differences between limbs were statistically significant when evaluated using PVF (P = .023), VI (P = .010), and %BW(dist) (P = .012). When evaluating the magnitude of absolute and percentage change difference in AP limb use preoperatively versus postoperatively, differences were statistically significant when evaluated using PVF (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively), VI (P = .001 and P < .001) and %BW(dist) (P < .001 and P < .001). CONCLUSION There appeared to be no difference in the sensitivity of VI, PVF, and %BW(dist) for evaluating limb use before and after THR.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Seibert, Rachel and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Roe, Simon C. and DePuy, Venita and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2012}, month={May}, pages={443–447} } @article{little_horn_marcellin-little_harrysson_west_2012, title={Development and validation of a canine radius replica for mechanical testing of orthopedic implants}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.73.1.27}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Little, Jeffrey P. and Horn, Timothy J. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and West, Harvey A., II}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={27–33} } @article{mostafa_drueen_nolte_wefstaedt_2012, title={Radiographic Evaluation of Early Periprosthetic Femoral Bone Contrast and Prosthetic Stem Alignment after Uncemented and Cemented Total Hip Replacement in Dogs}, volume={41}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00931.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To radiographically evaluate periprosthetic femoral bone contrast and assess alignment of the prosthetic stem after uncemented and cemented total hip replacement (THR). STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 15). METHODS Dogs were classified into uncemented (n = 8) and cemented (n = 7) THR groups. Radiographs were analyzed using image processing software to evaluate femoral bone contrast (gray scale value, GV) for each and combined modified Gruen zone(s) immediately and 4 months after THR. Modified Gruen zones were classified into 5 zones to analyze retrospectively the regional radiographic GV of the femur around uncemented and cemented prosthetic stem. Alignment of prosthetic stem was assessed immediately and 4 months postoperatively. Variables were compared by use of 2-tailed t-test, with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS Zone 1 showed significant decrease in the mean bone GV 4 months after uncemented THR. No differences in zones 1-5 after 4 months of cemented THR. Combined zones showed significant decrease in overall mean bone GV 4 months after uncemented THR. No changes were observed 4 months after cemented THR. Number of limbs with varus-aligned femoral stem markedly increased after 4 months of uncemented THR. CONCLUSIONS Regional bone contrast and prosthetic stem alignment vary with the design of THR.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Mostafa, Ayman A. and Drueen, Svenja and Nolte, Ingo and Wefstaedt, Patrick}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={69–77} } @article{lascelles_dong_marcellin-little_thomson_wheeler_correa_2012, title={Relationship of orthopedic examination, goniometric measurements, and radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease in cats}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1746-6148"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-10}, DOI={10.1186/1746-6148-8-10}, abstractNote={Available information suggests a mismatch between radiographic and orthopedic examination findings in cats with DJD. However, the extent of the discrepancy between clinical and radiographic signs of OA in companion animals has not been described in detail. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between orthopedic examination findings, joint goniometry, and radiographic signs of DJD in 100 cats, in a prospective observational design. Cat temperament, pain response to palpation, joint crepitus, effusion and thickening were graded. Radiographs of appendicular joints and the axial skeleton were made under sedation. Joint motion was measured by use of a plastic goniometer before and after sedation. Associations between radiographic degenerative joint disease (DJD) and examination findings were assessed to determine sensitivity, specificity and likelihood estimations.Pain response to palpation was elicited in 0-67% of the joints with DJD, with a specificity ranging from 62-99%; crepitus was detected in 0-56% of the joints and its specificity varied between 87 and 99%; for effusion, values ranged between 6 and 38% (specificity, 82-100%), and thickening, 0-59% (specificity, 74-99%). Joints with DJD tended to have a decreased range of motion. The presence of pain increased the odds of having DJD in the elbow (right: 5.5; left: 4.5); the presence of pain in the lower back increased the odds of spinal DJD being present (2.97 for lumbar; 4.67 for lumbo-sacral).Radiographic DJD cannot be diagnosed with certainty using palpation or goniometry. However, negative findings tend to predict radiographically normal joints. Palpation and goniometry may be used as a tool to help to screen cats, mostly to rule out DJD.}, number={1}, journal={BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH}, publisher={BioMed Central}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Dong, Yaa-Hui and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Thomson, Andrea and Wheeler, Simon and Correa, Maria}, year={2012}, month={Jan} } @article{fitzwater_marcellin-little_harrysson_osborne_poindexter_2011, title={Evaluation of the effect of computed tomography scan protocols and freeform fabrication methods on bone biomodel accuracy}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1178}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Fitzwater, Kathryn L. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Osborne, Jason A. and Poindexter, E. Christine}, year={2011}, month={Sep}, pages={1178–1185} } @article{taylor_langenbach_marcellin-little_2011, title={Risk Factors for Fibular Fracture after TPLO}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00844.x}, abstractNote={Objective: To determine (1) risk factors for fibular fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and (2) if a single postoperative radiographic measurement or measurement ratio of the proximal tibial fragment can be used as a predictor for fibular fracture.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Taylor, Jim and Langenbach, Anke and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={687–693} } @article{chanoit_singhani_marcellin-little_osborne_2010, title={Comparison of five radiographic views for assessment of the medial aspect of the humeral condyle in dogs with osteochondritis dissecans}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.71.7.780}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Chanoit, Guillaume and Singhani, Nikita N. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Osborne, Jason A.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={780–783} } @article{apelt_pozzi_marcellin-little_kowaleski_2010, title={Effect of Cranial Tibial Closing Wedge Angle on Tibial Subluxation: An Ex Vivo Study}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00670.x}, abstractNote={Objective:To evaluate the effect of cranial tibial wedge osteotomy (CTWO) angle on cranial tibial subluxation (CTS) and postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA).}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Apelt, Detlef and Pozzi, Antonio and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Kowaleski, Michael P.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={454–459} } @article{lascelles_freire_roe_depuy_smith_marcellin-little_2010, title={Evaluation of Functional Outcome After BFX (R) Total Hip Replacement Using a Pressure Sensitive Walkway}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2009.00607.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.2009.00607.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To evaluate stance phase limb use after cementless (BFX) total hip replacement (THR) in dogs and to relate postoperative radiographic variables to static bodyweight distribution after surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Dogs (n=35) that had THR. METHODS THR was performed using the BFX THR technique. Postoperative pain management regimens were similar for all dogs. Standing bodyweight distribution (%BW(distrib)) was measured using a pressure sensitive walkway and radiographs made before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Repeated measures models (with backwards-stepping to obtain the final model) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Temporally, %BW(distrib) to the operated limb increased (P<.0001; normal by 3 months) and decreased to the unoperated limb (P=.0001) and also increased to the pelvic limbs and decreased to the thoracic limbs. %BW(distrib) to the unoperated limb was significantly less than the operated limb at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Postoperative canal fill and femur flare were significantly negatively correlated with change in %BW(distrib) (estimate=-0.24, P=.0413). CONCLUSION BFX THR results in normal %BW(distrib) to the operated limb by 3 months after surgery. A greater fill of the proximal femur may be associated with a suboptimal outcome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE BFX THR normalizes standing bodyweight distribution dogs with hip osteoarthritis. Objective evaluation of THR outcome and radiographic features may reveal factors that could be improved through changes in prosthesis design or surgical technique.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, publisher={Blackwell Publishing Inc Malden, USA}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Freire, Mila and Roe, Simon C. and DePuy, Venita and Smith, Eric and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={71–77} } @article{lascelles_depuy_thomson_hansen_marcellin-little_biourge_bauer_2010, title={Evaluation of a Therapeutic Diet for Feline Degenerative Joint Disease}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0495.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0495.x}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND Feline degenerative joint disease (DJD) is common and there are no approved therapies for the alleviation of the associated pain. OBJECTIVE To test a diet high in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (test-diet) for its pain-relieving and activity-enhancing effects in cats with painful, mobility-impairing DJD over a 9-week period. ANIMALS Forty client-owned cats. METHODS Randomized, controlled, blinded, parallel group, prospective clinical study. Cats with no detectable systemic disease, and with at least 1 appendicular joint with radiographic evidence of DJD where manipulation elicited an aversive response were included. Cats were randomly allocated to the test-diet or control diet (C-diet). Outcome measures were subjective owner and veterinarian assessments, and objective activity monitoring (accelerometry). Nonparametric statistics were used to evaluate changes within and between groups for both subjective and objective data, and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression analysis was used to predict activity changes. RESULTS The primary objective outcome measures indicated that activity declined significantly (P < .001) in the C-diet group, significantly increased (P < .001) in the test-diet group and there was a significant difference between the groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE A diet high in EPA and DHA and supplemented with green-lipped mussel extract and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate improved objective measures of mobility. Dietary modulation might be 1 method to use to improve mobility in cats with DJD-associated pain.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, publisher={Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111)}, author={Lascelles, B. D. X. and DePuy, V. and Thomson, A. and Hansen, B. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Biourge, V. and Bauer, J. E.}, year={2010}, pages={487–495} } @article{haslauer_springer_harrysson_loboa_monteiro-riviere_marcellin-little_2010, title={In vitro biocompatibility of titanium alloy discs made using direct metal fabrication}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1873-4030"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000279857300014&KeyUID=WOS:000279857300014}, DOI={10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.04.003}, abstractNote={Custom orthopedic implants may be generated using free-form fabrication methods (FFF) such as electron beam melting (EBM). EBM FFF may be used to make solid metal implants whose surface is often polished using CNC machining and porous scaffolds that are usually left unpolished. We assessed the in vitro biocompatibility of EBM titanium–6 aluminum–4 vanadium (Ti6Al4V) structures by comparing the cellular response to solid polished, solid unpolished, and porous EBM discs to the cellular response to discs made of commercially produced Ti6Al4V. The discs were seeded with 20,000 human adipose-derived adult stem cells (hASCs) and assessed for cell viability, proliferation, and release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Cell viability was assessed with Live/Dead staining 8 days after seeding. Cell proliferation was assessed using alamarBlue assays at days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7. The hASCs were alive on all discs after 8 days. Cellular proliferation on porous EBM discs was increased at days 2, 3, and 7 compared to discs made of commercial Ti6Al4V. Cellular proliferation on porous EBM discs was also increased compared to solid polished and unpolished EBM discs. IL-6 and IL-8 releases at day 7 were lower for porous EBM discs than for other discs. Solid polished, unpolished, and porous EBM Ti6Al4V discs exhibited an acceptable biocompatibility profile compared to solid Ti6Al4V discs from a commercial source. EBM FFF may be considered as an option for the fabrication of custom orthopedic implants.}, number={6}, journal={MEDICAL ENGINEERING & PHYSICS}, author={Haslauer, Carla Maria and Springer, Jessica Collins and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Loboa, Elizabeth G. and Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={645–652} } @article{marcellin-little_cansizoglu_harrysson_roe_2010, title={In vitro evaluation of a low-modulus mesh canine prosthetic hip stem}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.71.9.1089}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Cansizoglu, Omer and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Roe, Simon C.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={1089–1095} } @article{langenbach_marcellin-little_2010, title={Management of concurrent patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament rupture using modified tibial plateau levelling}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0022-4510"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00854.x}, abstractNote={Objectives: To evaluate a novel surgery aimed at managing concurrent medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) ruptures in dogs weighing more than 30 kg.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Langenbach, Anke and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2010}, month={Feb}, pages={97–103} } @article{lascelles_king_roe_marcellin-little_jones_2009, title={Expression and activity of COX-1 and 2 and 5-LOX in joint tissues from dogs with naturally occurring coxofemoral joint osteoarthritis}, volume={27}, ISSN={0736-0266 1554-527X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.20864}, DOI={10.1002/jor.20864}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={Journal of Orthopaedic Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and King, Stephanie and Roe, Simon and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Jones, Samuel}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={1204–1208} } @article{liska_doyle_marcellin-little_osborne_2009, title={Total hip replacement in three cats: surgical technique, short-term outcome and comparison to femoral head ostectomy}, volume={22}, ISSN={["0932-0814"]}, DOI={10.3415/VCOT-08-09-0087}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY}, author={Liska, W. D. and Doyle, N. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Osborne, J. A.}, year={2009}, pages={505–510} } @article{chinnadurai_spodnick_degernes_devoe_marcellin-little_2009, title={Use of an Extracapsular Stabilization Technique to Repair Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Two Avian Species}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1082-6742"]}, DOI={10.1647/1082-6742-23.4.307}, abstractNote={Abstract An extracapsular stabilization technique was used to repair cruciate ligament ruptures in a trumpeter hornbill (Bycanistes bucinator) and an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). The hornbill demonstrated cranial drawer motion and severe rotational instability of the stifle from ruptures of the cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments and stifle joint capsule. The luxation was reduced, and the fibula was cranially transposed, in relation to the tibiotarsus, and anchored with 2 positive profile threaded acrylic pins. A lateral extracapsular stabilization was then performed. The African grey parrot had a traumatic stifle luxation, and an open reduction and a lateral extracapsular stabilization were performed. Both birds regained function of the affected leg by 1 month after surgery. Extracapsular stabilization allows motion of the stifle joint to be maintained during the postoperative recovery period, an advantage over rigid stabilization. Maintaining motion in the stifle joint facilitates physical therapy and can aid in full recovery after avian stifle injuries.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY}, author={Chinnadurai, Sathya K. and Spodnick, Gary and Degernes, Laurel and DeVoe, Ryan S. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={307–313} } @article{lascelles_gaynor_smith_roe_marcellin-little_davidson_boland_carr_2008, title={Amantadine in a multimodal analgesic regimen for alleviation of refractory osteoarthritis pain in dogs}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0014.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0014.x}, abstractNote={Background:Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) do not always provide sufficient pain relief in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA).}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Lascelles, B. D. X. and Gaynor, J. S. and Smith, E. S. and Roe, S. C. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Davidson, G. and Boland, E. and Carr, J.}, year={2008}, pages={53–59} } @inproceedings{sawaya_combet_chanoit_thiebault_levine_marcellin-little_2008, title={Assessment of impulse duration thresholds for electrical stimulation of muscles (chronaxy) in dogs}, volume={69}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.69.10.1305}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={10}, booktitle={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Sawaya, S. G. and Combet, D. and Chanoit, G. and Thiebault, J. J. and Levine, D. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, year={2008}, pages={1305–1309} } @article{harrysson_cansizoglu_marcellin-little_cormier_west_2008, title={Direct metal fabrication of titanium implants with tailored materials and mechanical properties using electron beam melting technology}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0928-4931"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.msec.2007.04.022}, abstractNote={The design of custom or tailored implant components has been the subject of research and development for decades. However, the economic feasibility of fabricating such components has proven to be a challenge. New direct metal fabrication technologies such as Electron Beam Melting (EBM) have opened up new possibilities. This paper discusses the design and fabrication of titanium implant components having tailored mechanical properties that mimic the stiffness of bone to reduce stress shielding and bone remodeling. Finite Element Analysis was used to design the tailored structures, and results were verified using mechanical testing.}, number={3}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS}, author={Harrysson, Ola L. A. and CansiZoglu, Omer and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Cormier, Denis R. and West, Harvey A., II}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={366–373} } @article{marcellin-little_harrysson_cansizoglu_2008, title={In vitro evaluation of a custom cutting jig and custom plate for canine tibial plateau leveling}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.69.7.961}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Cansizoglu, Omer}, year={2008}, month={Jul}, pages={961–966} } @article{liska_marcellin-little_eskelinen_sidebotham_harrysson_hielm-bjorkman_2007, title={Custom total knee replacement in a dog with femoral condylar bone loss}, volume={36}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.2007.00270.x}, abstractNote={Objective— To report surgical planning, technique, and outcome of custom total knee replacement (TKR) performed to manage a medial femoral condylar nonunion in a dog.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Liska, William D. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Eskelinen, Esa V. and Sidebotham, Christopher G. and Harrysson, Ola L. A. and Hielm-Bjorkman, Anna K.}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={293–301} } @article{lascelles_findley_correa_marcellin-little_roe_2007, title={Kinetic evaluation of normal walking and jumping in cats, using a pressure-sensitive walkway}, volume={160}, ISSN={["2042-7670"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.15.512}, DOI={10.1136/vr.160.15.512}, abstractNote={The kinetic parameters of the limbs of 23 normal, client‐owned cats were evaluated by encouraging them to walk and jump normally on a pressure‐sensitive walkway. Each cat was encouraged to walk across the walkway five times over a period of 30 to 45 minutes (by using food, toys, the owner's presence and a purpose‐built tunnel) at a target speed of 0·6 m/s (and an acceleration of less than ± 0·1 m/s2). They were then encouraged to jump on to the walkway from a height of 1 m five times at five‐minute intervals. The kinetic parameters of peak vertical force (pvf) and vertical impulse (vi) were measured for each limb (the forelimbs only for the jumps), and expressed as a percentage of bodyweight (pvf %bw and vi %bw/s). Fifteen of the 23 cats satisfactorily completed three to five walks and two to five jumps that could be analysed. There were no significant differences between the pvf or vi of the left and right limbs, but both parameters were significantly greater for the forelimbs than the hindlimbs (P<0·001) for the walking data. The mean (sd) pvf %bw for the forelimbs and hindlimbs were 48·2 (6·0) and 38·3 (4·0), respectively, and the mean vi %bw/s were 16·9 (3·2) and 13·3 (2·8). Jumping down generated significantly greater pvf (P<0·01) and slightly greater vi than during walking; there were no significant differences between the left and right forelimbs. The mean pvf %bw was 148·9 (16·4) and the mean vi %bw/s was 18·1 (4·3).}, number={15}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Lascelles, B. D. X. and Findley, K. and Correa, M. and Marcellin-Little, D. and Roe, S.}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={512-+} } @article{rovesti_bosio_marcellin-little_2007, title={Management of 49 antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs using circular external fixators}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0022-4510"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00267.x}, abstractNote={Objectives:To evaluate frame constructs, postoperative fracture reduction, postoperative care, complications, treatment duration and outcome of circular external fixation for management of 49 antebrachial and crural fractures in dogs.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Rovesti, G. L. and Bosio, A. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, year={2007}, month={Apr}, pages={194–200} } @article{jaeger_marcellin-little_ferretti_2007, title={Morphology and correction of distal tibial valgus deformities}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0022-4510"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00388.x}, abstractNote={Objectives:To characterise distal tibial valgus deformities in dogs through physical examination and radiographic evaluation.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Jaeger, G. H. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Ferretti, A.}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={678–682} } @article{marcellin-little_levine_canapp_2007, title={The canine shoulder: Selected disorders and their management with physical therapy}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1096-2867"]}, DOI={10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.09.006}, abstractNote={The shoulder joint is the most mobile of all main limb joints. While its primary motion is in a sagittal plane, the shoulder has a significant amount of abduction and adduction, and internal and external rotation. Its stability is ensured by the joint capsule, by its specialized bands (medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments), and by large tendons located inside (eg, tendon of origin of the biceps brachii muscle) or immediately outside the joint (eg, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis). Sprains or strains of all supporting structures of the canine shoulder have now been reported and the shoulder pathology resembles the pathology of the human shoulder that includes strains and tears of the rotator cuff muscles, adhesive capsulitis, and calcific tendonitis.}, number={4}, journal={CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Levine, David and Canapp, Sherman O., Jr.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={171–182} } @article{feeney_lin_marcellin-little_tate_queen_yu_2007, title={Validation of two-dimensional kinematic analysis of walk and sit-to-stand motions in dogs}, volume={68}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.68.3.277}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Feeney, Lauren C. and Lin, Cheng-Feng and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Tate, Amanda R. and Queen, Robin M. and Yu, Bing}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={277–282} } @article{jaeger_marcellin-little_depuy_lascelles_2007, title={Validity of goniometric joint measurements in cats}, volume={68}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.8.822}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.68.8.822}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Jaeger, Gayle H. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and DePuy, Venita and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2007}, month={Aug}, pages={822–826} } @article{thomas_marcellin-little_roe_lascelles_brosey_2006, title={Comparison of measurements obtained by use of an electrogoniometer and a universal plastic goniometer for the assessment of joint motion in dogs}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.67.12.1974}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.67.12.1974}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={12}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Thomas, Todd M. and Marcellin-Little, Denis J. and Roe, Simon C. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Brosey, Bess P.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={1974–1979} } @article{lascelles_roe_smith_reynolds_markham_marcellin-little_bergh_budsberg_2006, title={Evaluation of a pressure walkway system for measurement of vertical limb forces in clinically normal dogs}, volume={67}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.67.2.277}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.67.2.277}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Lascelles, BDX and Roe, SC and Smith, E and Reynolds, L and Markham, J and Marcellin-Little, D and Bergh, MS and Budsberg, SC}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={277–282} } @article{stepnik_olby_thompson_marcellin little_2006, title={Femoral Neuropathy in a Dog with Iliopsoas Muscle Injury}, volume={35}, ISSN={0161-3499 1532-950X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2006.00130.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.2006.00130.X}, abstractNote={Objective— To report femoral nerve dysfunction caused by focal iliopsoas muscle injury and treated by performing tenectomy of the muscle insertion.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Stepnik, Matthew W. and Olby, Natasha and Thompson, R. Randall and Marcellin Little, Denis J.}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={186–190} } @article{hildreth_marcellin-little_roe_harrysson_2006, title={In vitro evaluation of five canine tibial plateau leveling methods}, volume={67}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.67.4.693}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Hildreth, BE and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Roe, SC and Harrysson, OLA}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={693–700} } @article{osmond_marcellin-little_harrysson_kidd_2006, title={Morphometric assessment of the proximal portion of the tibia in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2006.00119.x}, abstractNote={Based on the clinical observation that dogs with a steep tibial plateau slope had variable tibial morphology, we hypothesized that these dogs could be further characterized using measurements developed by examining computer generated models of specific proximal tibial malformations. A 3D tibial model was created from a normal canine tibia. The model was manipulated to reproduce two specific proximal tibial anomalies representing deformities originating from the tibial plateau or the proximal tibial shaft. Data from these models were used to create specific measurements that would characterize the shape of these anomalies. These measurements included the diaphyseal tibial axis (DTA)/proximal tibial axis (PTA) angle, which defined the orientation of the proximal portion of the shaft in relation to the tibial mid‐shaft. These measurements were then made on radiographs of dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture. Models with tibial plateau and proximal shaft deformities had a steep tibial plateau slope (TPS). Models with proximal shaft deformity had a markedly increased DTA/PTA angle. The model with a 10° proximal shaft deformity had a DTA/PTA angle of 11.23°. Six dogs (9.0%) had a DTA/PTA angle larger than 11.23° (range, 11.4–13.9°). Dogs in this group had ruptured CCL and a steep TPS. Dogs with CCL rupture had higher TPS (mean, 31.8±4.1°) and DTA/PTA angle (mean, 6.0±3.3°) than dogs without CCL rupture (means, 23.6±3.4° and 4.1±2.2°, respectively). Dogs with proximal shaft deformity represented a distinct group, which could not be identified using the magnitude of the TPS alone. Characterizing more precisely the shape of the proximal portion of the tibia in dogs contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of steep TPS and may facilitate the optimization of the surgical management of dogs with CCL rupture.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Osmond, CS and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Harrysson, OLA and Kidd, LB}, year={2006}, pages={136–141} } @article{adamson_kaufmann_levine_millis_marcellin-little_2005, title={Assistive devices, orthotics, and prosthetics}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0195-5616"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.08.009}, abstractNote={Deciding on which supportive device, orthotic, or prosthetic is best suited for a given patient is a complex process involving many different factors. The ability to manage biomechanical abnormalities successfully may be enhanced by an understanding of the properties of the various materials that comprise these devices, their effect on functional performance, and other associated patient factors. Veterinary health care providers are faced with the challenge of effectively addressing the physiologic and fiscal needs of the patient in a rapidly changing patient care environment.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Adamson, C and Kaufmann, M and Levine, D and Millis, DL and Marcellin-Little, DJ}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={1441-+} } @article{levine_millis_marcellin-little_2005, title={Introduction to veterinary physical rehabilitation}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.07.002}, abstractNote={Physical therapy is a profession with an established scientific basis in human beings and companion animals. It has a large number of clinical applications in the restoration, maintenance, and promotion of optimal physical function. In providing physical therapy, the goal is to restore, maintain, and promote optimal function, optimal fitness, wellness, and quality of life as they relate to movement disorders and health. A major emphasis is to prevent or minimize the onset, clinical signs, and progression of impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities that may result from diseases, disorders, conditions, and injuries.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Levine, D and Millis, DL and Marcellin-Little, DJ}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={1247-+} } @article{marcellin-little_danoff_taylor_adamson_2005, title={Logistics of companion animal rehabilitation}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.09.001}, abstractNote={Setting up rehabilitation services presents several challenges to the veterinary practitioner. Members of the rehabilitation team need to have a solid knowledge base of acute and chronic orthopedic and neurologic disorders and a knowledge of rehabilitation principles and applications. The working environment has to be adapted to patients with limited mobility, specific equipment and supplies are to be used, and a fee structure should be implemented. This article reviews these logistic aspects of companion animal rehabilitation.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, DJ and Danoff, K and Taylor, R and Adamson, C}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={1473-+} } @article{marcellin-little_levine_taylor_2005, title={Rehabilitation and conditioning of sporting dogs}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.08.002}, abstractNote={Owners and trainers exercise sporting dogs to increase their fitness and optimize their conditioning and performance. Training is designed to in-crease strength, endurance, and agility and is sport-specific. Sporting dogs are susceptible to specific musculoskeletal injuries. The rehabilitation of sporting dogs after these injuries follows specific principles during the acute, subacute, and reconditioning periods.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, DJ and Levine, D and Taylor, R}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={1427-+} } @article{levine_millis_marcellin-little_taylor_2005, title={Rehabilitation and physical therapy - Preface}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.09.016}, abstractNote={R ehabilitation and physical therapy for humans is a well-known discipline, and its positive effects have been well documented. Historically, little attention has been given to veterinary patients needing these services. Rehabilitation and physical therapy in veterinary medicine, however, is rapidly becoming a recognized discipline and is being sought after as a service by veterinary professionals and owners. There is a tremendous interest on the part of veterinary caregivers to investigate and provide rehabilitation and therapy following injury, surgery, and illness. Techniques used in human physical therapy are being adapted for use in small animal patients, and their effectiveness is being studied. The intent of this issue is to present a practical approach to rehabilitation of small animals as well as the science and research behind it. After an article introducing the principles of rehabilitation, the biomechanics of physical therapy, manual therapy, physical modalities, and emerging modalities are presented. Information on rehabilitation and physical therapy of specific patients follows, including sporting dogs, orthopedic, neurologic, and medically compromised patients and patients that have wounds. The issue concludes with an article on the logistics of companion animal rehabilitation in small animal practice. We would like to thank the authors who have contributed their time, expertise, and experience to this issue. Particular credit goes to John Vassallo}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Levine, D and Millis, DL and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Taylor, R}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={XIII-XIV} } @article{jaeger_wosar_marcellin-little_lascelles_2005, title={Use of hinged transarticular external fixation for adjunctive joint stabilization in dogs and cats: 14 cases (1999-2003)}, volume={227}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.586}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2005.227.586}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Jaeger, GH and Wosar, MA and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Lascelles, BDX}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={586–591} } @article{govett_olby_marcellin-little_rotstein_reynolds_lewbart_2004, title={Stabilisation of scoliosis in two koi (Cyprinus carpio)}, volume={155}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.155.4.115}, abstractNote={Two koi (Cyprinus carpio) from the same pond developed similar lesions of scoliosis. Radiographic examinations showed that their spines had become malaligned as a result of vertebral compression fractures involving T14 to T16. The vertebrae in both fish were stabilised with screws, k‐wire and polymethylmethacrylate. They both appeared to improve after surgery, but they began to decline and died within three months. A postmortem examination revealed multi‐organ inflammation that was not associated with the surgical implants.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Govett, PD and Olby, NJ and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Rotstein, DS and Reynolds, IL and Lewbart, GA}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={115–119} } @article{anderson_lewis_radasch_marcellin-little_degna_cross_2003, title={Circular external skeletal fixation stabilization of antebrachial and crural fractures in 25 dogs}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1547-3317"]}, DOI={10.5326/0390479}, abstractNote={Fracture stabilization using circular external skeletal fixation was evaluated in 14 dogs with antebrachial fractures and 11 dogs with crural fractures. Most dogs were consistently weight bearing on the stabilized limb by 3 days following surgery. Although all dogs developed minor wire/pin tract inflammation and eight dogs developed major wire/pin tract inflammation, postoperative lameness was not consistently associated with wire/pin tract complications. Fractures in 23 dogs achieved radiographic union (mean±standard deviation [SD], 61±21 days; median, 57 days) without additional surgery; two dogs required restabilization of their fractures with linear fixators. Twenty of the 21 owners that could be contacted felt their dog had no (n=15) or only a mild (n=5) intermittent lameness at the time of final, long-term (mean±SD, 37±17 months; median, 42 months) assessment.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Anderson, GM and Lewis, DD and Radasch, RM and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Degna, MT and Cross, AR}, year={2003}, pages={479–498} } @article{baroni_matthias_marcellin-little_vezzoni_stebbins_2003, title={Comparison of radiographic assessments of the tibial plateau slope in dogs}, volume={64}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.586}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Baroni, E and Matthias, RR and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Vezzoni, A and Stebbins, ME}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={586–589} } @article{harrysson_cormier_marcellin-little_jajal_2003, title={Rapid prototyping for treatment of canine limb deformities}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1355-2546"]}, DOI={10.1108/13552540310455647}, abstractNote={This report describes Rapid Prototyping (RP) ‐aided assessment and preoperative planning for treatment of bilateral multifocal pelvic limb deformities in a 1 year old German Shepherd dog. Computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired on a General Electric CT scanner and converted to solid models using Mimics software from Materialise. Stereolithography patterns were prototyped using QuickCast build style on a SLA ‐190. Room temperature vulcanized silicone molds were constructed and three sets of polyurethane patterns were cast for pre‐surgical planning and rehearsal. The paper compares traditional osteotomy planning procedures using only radiographs and 2D CT images to planning with full‐scale physical biomodels. The biomodels had a clearly beneficial impact on the accuracy of surgery and positively influenced the clinical outcome.}, number={1}, journal={RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL}, author={Harrysson, OLA and Cormier, DR and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Jajal, K}, year={2003}, pages={37–42} } @article{levine_prall_hanks_whittle_marcellin-little_2003, title={Running and the development of osteoarthritis, part I: Animal studies}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1078-7895"]}, DOI={10.1123/att.8.1.6}, number={1}, journal={ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY}, author={Levine, D and Prall, E and Hanks, J and Whittle, M and Marcellin-Little, D}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={6–11} } @article{levine_prall_hanks_whittle_marcellin-little_2003, title={Running and the development of osteoarthritis, part II: Human studies}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1078-7895"]}, DOI={10.1123/att.8.1.12}, number={1}, journal={ATHLETIC THERAPY TODAY}, author={Levine, D and Prall, E and Hanks, J and Whittle, M and Marcellin-Little, D}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={12–18} } @article{boyle_marcellin-little_levine_2002, title={An interdisciplinary animal physical rehabilitation course for physical therapy and veterinary students}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1943-7218"]}, DOI={10.3138/jvme.29.3.183}, abstractNote={ Elon College and North Carolina State University co-organized an animal rehabilitation elective course given to 12 MPT and 12 DVM students and conducted a post-course survey of the participants. Changes in perceptions of the field of animal rehabilitation, in perceived practice patterns, in the DVM students’ perception of the field of PT, and in knowledge of animal rehabilitation were present for 84–100% of students who answered the survey. }, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION}, author={Boyle, KL and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Levine, D}, year={2002}, pages={183–185} } @article{marcellin-little_roe_rovesti_bosio_ferretti_2002, title={Are circular external Fixators weakened by the use of hemispheric washers?}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1053/jvet.2002.33604}, abstractNote={Objectives— To compare the axial mechanical stability of 3 circular external fixators systems with and without hemispheric washers.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Marcellin-Little, DJ and Roe, SC and Rovesti, GL and Bosio, A and Ferretti, A}, year={2002}, pages={367–374} } @misc{macias_marcellin-little_2002, title={Incomplete humeral condylar fractures in the dog}, volume={43}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Small Animal Practice}, author={Macias, C. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={93} } @article{wosar_marcellin-little_roe_2002, title={Influence of bolt tightening torque, wire size, and component reuse on wire fixation in circular external fixation}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1053/jvet.2002.34672}, abstractNote={Objectives—To evaluate the effects of bolt torque, wire size, and component reuse on the ability to maintain wire tension in 3 external skeletal fixation systems.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Wosar, MA and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Roe, SC}, year={2002}, pages={571–576} } @article{rovesti_bascucci_schmidt_marcellin-little_2002, title={Limb sparing using a double bone-transport technique for treatment of a distal tibial osteosarcoma in a dog}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1053/jvet.2002.29987}, abstractNote={Objective—To evaluate the treatment of a spontaneously occurring osteosarcoma in a dog by means of tumor resection and bone regeneration of a 12‐cm defect using double bone transport.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Rovesti, GL and Bascucci, M and Schmidt, K and Marcellin-Little, DJ}, year={2002}, pages={70–77} } @article{jaegger_marcellin-little_levine_2002, title={Reliability of goniometry in Labrador Retrievers}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.979}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Jaegger, G and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Levine, D}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={979–986} } @article{haudiquet_marcellin-little_stebbins_2002, title={Use of the distomedial-proximolateral oblique radiographic view of the elbow joint for examination of the medial coronoid process in dogs}, volume={63}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1000}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Haudiquet, PR and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Stebbins, ME}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={1000–1005} } @article{kishimori_lewbart_marcellin-little_roe_trogdon_henson_stoskopf_2001, title={Chelonian shell-fracture repair techniques}, volume={3}, number={5}, journal={Exotic DVM}, author={Kishimori, J. and Lewbart, G. A. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Roe, S. and Trogdon, M. and Henson, H. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={2001}, pages={35–41} } @article{robin_marcellin-little_2001, title={Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in two Labrador retrievers}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0022-4510"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02026.x}, abstractNote={Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC) was identified in two Labrador retrievers using computed tomography. Both dogs were non‐weightbearing on the affected forelimbs. The dogs were treated by means of a bone screw placed across the humeral condyle. IOHC was originally reported in spaniel and chondrodystrophic breeds. The pathogenesis of the condition remains unknown, but may be related to impaired antebrachial bone growth, similarly to the pathogeneses of elbow dysplasia and radius curvus.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Robin, D and Marcellin-Little, DJ}, year={2001}, month={May}, pages={231–234} } @article{sebestyen_marcellin-little_deyoung_2000, title={Femoral medullary infarction secondary to canine total hip arthroplasty}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1053/jvet.2000.4391}, abstractNote={Objective—To evaluate the prevalence of femoral intramedullary infarction after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to determine whether any specific femoral morphology predisposes to bone infarction.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Sebestyen, P and Marcellin-Little, DJ and DeYoung, BA}, year={2000}, pages={227–236} } @article{marcellin-little_deyoung_doyens_deyoung_1999, title={Canine uncemented porous-coated anatomic total hip arthroplasty: Results of a long-term prospective evaluation of 50 consecutive cases}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1053/jvet.1999.0010}, abstractNote={Objective— To evaluate the long‐term clinical and radiographic results of a canine uncemented porous‐coated anatomic (PCA) total hip arthroplasty (THA).}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Marcellin-Little, DJ and DeYoung, BA and Doyens, DH and DeYoung, DJ}, year={1999}, pages={10–20} } @article{marcellin-little_1999, title={Fracture treatment with circular external fixation}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1878-1306"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0195-5616(99)50107-1}, abstractNote={Circular external skeletal fixation (CEF) has been used in recent years to treat acute and chronic fractures and bone deformities, to stabilize joints while maintaining range of motion, and to perform arthrodeses and limb-sparing in dogs. Dr. Ilizarov defined the general principles and methods of CEF. This article reviews these principles. It also describes the indications, preoperative planning, surgical placement, postoperative management, clinical results, and complications of CEF used to treat fractures in dogs.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Marcellin-Little, DJ}, year={1999}, month={Sep}, pages={1153-+} } @article{hahulski_marcellin-little_stoskopf_1999, title={Morphologic evaluation of rotated tibiotarsal bones in immature ostriches (Struthio camelus)}, volume={13}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery}, author={Hahulski, G. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Stoskopf, M. K.}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={252–260} } @article{marcellin-little_deyoung_thrall_merrill_1999, title={Osteosarcoma at the site of bone infarction associated with total hip arthroplasty in a dog}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1053/jvet.1999.0054}, abstractNote={Objective— To report the occurrence of medullary bone infarction in both femoral canals after bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the subsequent unilateral development of an osteosarcoma at the site of bone infarction.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Marcellin-Little, DJ and DeYoung, DJ and Thrall, DE and Merrill, CL}, year={1999}, pages={54–60} } @article{marcellin-little_1999, title={Treating bone deformities with circular external skeletal fixation}, volume={21}, number={6}, journal={Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, year={1999}, month={Jun}, pages={481–491} } @article{marti_marcellin-little_roe_1999, title={Use of a DeVita pin to maintain reduction of a dislocated total hip prosthesis in a dog}, volume={12}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Marti, J. M. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Roe, S. C.}, year={1999}, month={May}, pages={85–87} } @article{stallings_lewis_welch_samchukov_marcellin-little_1998, title={An introduction to distraction osteogenesis and the principles of the Ilizarov method}, volume={11}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Stallings, J. T. and Lewis, D. D. and Welch, R. D. and Samchukov, M. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, year={1998}, month={May}, pages={59–67} } @article{rovesti_fluckiger_margini_marcellin-little_1998, title={Fragmented coronoid process and incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in a Rottweiler}, volume={27}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00139.x}, abstractNote={Objective—To describe incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle and fragmentation of the medial coronoid process in a Rottweiler.}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, author={Rovesti, G. L. and Fluckiger, R. and Margini, A. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, year={1998}, pages={354–357} } @article{marcellin-little_ferretti_roe_deyoung_1998, title={Hinged ilizarov external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00122.x}, abstractNote={Objective—To evaluate hinged circular external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Marcellin-Little, DJ and Ferretti, A and Roe, SC and DeYoung, DJ}, year={1998}, pages={231–245} } @article{marcellin-little_papich_richardson_de young_1996, title={A model for pharmacokinetic distribution of cefazolin during total hip replacement}, volume={57}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Papich, M. G. and Richardson, D. C. and De Young, D. J.}, year={1996}, pages={720–723} } @article{marcellinlittle_deyoung_ferris_berry_1994, title={INCOMPLETE OSSIFICATION OF THE HUMERAL CONDYLE IN SPANIELS}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00509.x}, abstractNote={An evaluation of 157 dogs with humeral fractures was performed. Cocker spaniels were more likely to have humeral condylar fractures (HCFs) than other breeds (P < .0001). Male cocker spaniels were at increased risk (P < .001). Cocker spaniels had more bilateral HCFs than other breeds of dogs (P < .001). Eighteen dogs (17 purebred spaniels and 1 crossbred spaniel) with HCFs of unknown cause or occurring with normal activity were further studied, using radiography of their humeral condyle bilaterally (n = 18), computed tomography (n = 3), biopsy (n = 2), bone scintigraphy (n = 2), and genetic evaluation (n = 8). Fourteen of these 18 dogs had a nonfractured contralateral condyle. Twelve (86%) of the 14 nonfractured humeral condyles had a radiolucent line within the center of the condyle, 13 (93%) had radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease and an abnormal medial coronoid process, and six (43%) had periosteal proliferation involving the lateral epicondyle. Examination of biopsy samples from the fracture sites of two cocker spaniels showed fibrous tissue present at the fracture surfaces. The results of this study suggest an association between incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in cocker spaniels and Brittany spaniels and a high prevalence of HCFs. Eight affected cocker spaniels with available pedigree information were found to be genetically related, suggesting that incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle may be a genetic disease with a recessive mode of inheritance.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={MARCELLINLITTLE, DJ and DEYOUNG, DJ and FERRIS, KK and BERRY, CM}, year={1994}, pages={475–477} } @article{olivieri_piras_marcellin-little_borghetti_vezzoni, title={Accessory caudal glenoid ossification centre as possible cause of lameness in nine dogs}, volume={17}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Olivieri, M. and Piras, A. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Borghetti, P. and Vezzoni, A.}, pages={131–135} } @article{roe_sidebotham_marcellin-little, title={Acetabular cup liner and prosthetic head exchange to increase the head diameter for management of recurrent luxation of a prosthetic hip in two dogs}, volume={28}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Roe, S. C. and Sidebotham, C. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={60–66} } @book{peck_marcellin-little, title={Advances in small animal total joint replacement}, publisher={Ames, Iowa: John Wiley & Sons} } @article{marcellin-little, title={An interview with ... Dr. Denis Marcellin-Little}, volume={101}, number={5}, journal={Veterinary Medicine}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={258–259} } @article{marcellin-little_deyoung_doyens_deyoung, title={Canine uncemented porous-coated anatomic total hip arthroplasty: Results of a long-term prospective evaluation of 50 consecutive cases}, volume={10}, ISBN={1018-2357}, number={1}, journal={European Journal of Companion Animal Practice}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J. and DeYoung, B. A. and Doyens, H. and DeYoung, D. J.}, pages={49} } @article{marcellin-little_sellon_kyles_lemons_kaufman, title={Chronic localized osteomyelitis caused by atypical infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis in a dog}, volume={209}, number={11}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Sellon, R. K. and Kyles, A. E. and Lemons, C. L. and Kaufman, L.}, pages={1877} } @article{montgomery_mathews_marcellin-little_hendrick_brown, title={Comparison of radiography and computed tomography for determining tracheal diameter and length in dogs}, volume={44}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, author={Montgomery, J. E. and Mathews, K. G. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Hendrick, S. and Brown, J. C.}, pages={114–118} } @article{guenego_zahra_madelenat_gautier_marcellin-little_hulse, title={Cranial cruciate ligament rupture in large and giant dogs - A retrospective evaluation of a modified lateral extrocapsular stabilization}, volume={20}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Guenego, L. and Zahra, A. and Madelenat, A. and Gautier, R. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Hulse, D.}, pages={43–50} } @misc{marcellin-little, title={Current techniques in small animal surgery (4th ed.), edited by M. Joseph Bojrab.}, volume={27}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={365} } @article{marcellin-little, title={Humeral fractures in dogs}, volume={8}, number={3}, journal={Waltham Focus}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={2–8} } @article{marcellin-little, title={Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in dogs}, volume={13}, number={1999}, journal={Current Veterinary Clinics}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={1000–1004} } @inbook{marcellin-little, title={Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in dogs}, ISBN={0721655238}, booktitle={Kirk's current veterinary therapy : small animal practice (13th Ed.)}, publisher={Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={1000} } @article{marcellin-little, title={Multimodal management of arthritis pain}, volume={31}, number={3A}, journal={Compendium-Continuing Education for Veterinarians}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={6-} } @article{marcellin-little, title={Physical therapy for canine osteoarthritis}, volume={3}, ISBN={1542-4014}, number={4}, journal={NAVC Clinician's Brief}, author={Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={5} } @article{levine_colston_whittle_pharo_marcellin-little, title={Sagittal lumbar spine position during standing, walking, and running at various gradients}, volume={42}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Athletic Training}, author={Levine, D. and Colston, M. A. and Whittle, M. W. and Pharo, E. C. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={29–34} } @article{kiefer_langenbach_boim_gordon_marcellin-little, title={Single-stage bilateral tibial tuberosity advancement for treatment of bilateral canine cranial cruciate ligament deficiency}, volume={28}, number={3}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Kiefer, J. E. and Langenbach, A. and Boim, J. and Gordon, S. and Marcellin-Little, D. J.}, pages={215–219} } @article{adair_marcellin-little_levine, title={Validity and repeatability of goniometry in normal horses}, volume={29}, number={4}, journal={Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology}, author={Adair, H. S. and Marcellin-Little, D. J. and Levine, D.}, pages={314–319} }