@article{meineke_youngsteadt_dunn_frank_2016, title={Urban warming reduces aboveground carbon storage}, volume={283}, ISSN={0962-8452 1471-2954}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1574}, DOI={10.1098/rspb.2016.1574}, abstractNote={A substantial amount of global carbon is stored in mature trees. However, no experiments to date test how warming affects mature tree carbon storage. Using a unique, citywide, factorial experiment, we investigated how warming and insect herbivory affected physiological function and carbon sequestration (carbon stored per year) of mature trees. Urban warming increased herbivorous arthropod abundance on trees, but these herbivores had negligible effects on tree carbon sequestration. Instead, urban warming was associated with an estimated 12% loss of carbon sequestration, in part because photosynthesis was reduced at hotter sites. Ecosystem service assessments that do not consider urban conditions may overestimate urban tree carbon storage. Because urban and global warming are becoming more intense, our results suggest that urban trees will sequester even less carbon in the future.}, number={1840}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, author={Meineke, Emily and Youngsteadt, Elsa and Dunn, Robert R. and Frank, Steven D.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={20161574} }
 @article{meineke_dunn_frank_2014, title={Early pest development and loss of biological control are associated with urban warming}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1744-957X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961991682&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1098/rsbl.2014.0586}, abstractNote={Climate warming is predicted to cause many changes in ectotherm communities, one of which is phenological mismatch, wherein one species' development advances relative to an associated species or community. Phenological mismatches already lead to loss of pollination services, and we predict that they also cause loss of biological control. Here, we provide evidence that a pest develops earlier due to urban warming but that phenology of its parasitoid community does not similarly advance. This mismatch is associated with greater egg production that likely leads to more pests on trees.}, number={11}, journal={BIOLOGY LETTERS}, author={Meineke, Emily K. and Dunn, Robert R. and Frank, Steven D.}, year={2014}, month={Nov} }
 @article{meineke_dunn_sexton_frank_2013, title={Urban Warming Drives Insect Pest Abundance on Street Trees}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875434170&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0059687}, abstractNote={Cities profoundly alter biological communities, favoring some species over others, though the mechanisms that govern these changes are largely unknown. Herbivorous arthropod pests are often more abundant in urban than in rural areas, and urban outbreaks have been attributed to reduced control by predators and parasitoids and to increased susceptibility of stressed urban plants. These hypotheses, however, leave many outbreaks unexplained and fail to predict variation in pest abundance within cities. Here we show that the abundance of a common insect pest is positively related to temperature even when controlling for other habitat characteristics. The scale insect Parthenolecanium quercifex was 13 times more abundant on willow oak trees in the hottest parts of Raleigh, NC, in the southeastern United States, than in cooler areas, though parasitism rates were similar. We further separated the effects of heat from those of natural enemies and plant quality in a greenhouse reciprocal transplant experiment. P. quercifex collected from hot urban trees became more abundant in hot greenhouses than in cool greenhouses, whereas the abundance of P. quercifex collected from cooler urban trees remained low in hot and cool greenhouses. Parthenolecanium quercifex living in urban hot spots succeed with warming, and they do so because some demes have either acclimatized or adapted to high temperatures. Our results provide the first evidence that heat can be a key driver of insect pest outbreaks on urban trees. Since urban warming is similar in magnitude to global warming predicted in the next 50 years, pest abundance on city trees may foreshadow widespread outbreaks as natural forests also grow warmer.}, number={3}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Meineke, Emily K. and Dunn, Robert R. and Sexton, Joseph O. and Frank, Steven D.}, year={2013}, month={Mar} }