@article{sjogren_comstock_goller_2023, title={Connecting Ethical Reasoning to Global Challenges through Analysis of Argumentation}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1935-7885"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00166-22}, DOI={10.1128/jmbe.00166-22}, abstractNote={Scientific literacy is built on critical thinking. The postbaccalaureate workforce enhances our economies and societies by contributing a wealth of knowledge and skill sets to local communities, respective industries, and beyond as our world becomes increasingly interconnected. Education in scientific literacy should teach students how to learn about science and how to cultivate and communicate a positive attitude about science. Learners in a 200-level nonmajors biotechnology course engaged with a series of ethical dilemmas after mastering the basic elements of argument structure and advanced tools in argument evaluation. To introduce collaboration as a constructive process in undergraduate education, student interactions with peers require guidance, flexibility, and compassion to learn from each other. Students gain critical thinking mastery from two modules addressing how we argue and evaluate claims. Students apply these critical thinking skills to various ethical arguments involving responsible conduct of research training. Using our structured and interdisciplinary approach, new scholars learn through practice how to read, analyze, and evaluate research scenarios and respond to potential ethical situations. This strategy allows students to develop important scholarly skills, including a systematic approach to evaluating credibility and applying generosity to theirs and others' understanding of their circumstances.}, journal={JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION}, author={Sjogren, Caroline A. and Comstock, Gary and Goller, Carlos C.}, editor={Shaffer, JustinEditor}, year={2023}, month={Mar} }
 @inbook{comstock_2020, place={New York, N.Y}, title={Bovine Prospection, the Mesocorticolimbic Pathways, and Neuroethics: Is a Cow's Future Like Ours?}, url={https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030310103}, booktitle={Neuroethics and Nonhuman Animals}, publisher={Springer}, author={Comstock, Gary}, editor={Johnson, L.Syd M. and Fenton, AndrewEditors}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @book{comstock_2018, title={Concerning Cattle}, DOI={10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.6}, abstractNote={Should people include beef in their diet? This chapter argues that the answer is “no” by reviewing what is known and not known about the presence in cattle of three psychological traits: pain, desire, and self-consciousness. On the basis of behavioral and neuroanatomical evidence, the chapter argues that cattle are sentient beings who have things they want to do in the proximal future, but they are not self-conscious. The piece rebuts three important objections: that cattle have injury information but not pain; that cattle have goal-directed behavior but not desire; and that the absence of evidence for bovine self-consciousness should not be taken as evidence that cattle lack self-consciousness. In sum, what is known about cattle cognition shifts the moral burden of proof on to the beef eaters.}, journal={Oxford Handbooks Online}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, editor={Barnhill, Anne and Budolfson, Mark and Doggett, TylerEditors}, year={2018}, month={Jan} }
 @article{comstock_bauer_2018, title={Getting It Together: Psychological Unity and Deflationary Accounts of Animal Metacognition}, volume={33}, ISSN={0353-5150 1874-6349}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12136-018-0340-0}, DOI={10.1007/s12136-018-0340-0}, abstractNote={Experimenters claim some nonhuman mammals have metacognition. If correct, the results indicate some animal minds are more complex than ordinarily presumed. However, some philosophers argue for a deflationary reading of metacognition experiments, suggesting that the results can be explained in first-order terms. We agree with the deflationary interpretation of the data but we argue that the metacognition research forces the need to recognize a heretofore underappreciated feature in the theory of animal minds, which we call Unity. The disparate mental states of an animal must be unified if deflationary accounts of metacognition are to hold and untoward implications avoided. Furthermore, once Unity is acknowledged, the deflationary interpretation of the experiments reveals an elevated moral standing for the nonhumans in question.}, number={4}, journal={Acta Analytica}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Comstock, Gary and Bauer, William A.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={431–451} }
 @book{comstock_2017, title={Far-Persons}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85035136755&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-54549-3_3}, journal={Ethical and Political Approaches to Nonhuman Animal Issues}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={2017}, pages={39–71} }
 @book{lucas_comstock_2015, title={Do machines have prima facie duties?}, volume={74}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921461013&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-08108-3_6}, abstractNote={Which moral theory should be the basis of algorithmic artificial ethical agents? In a series of papers, Anderson and Anderson and Anderson (Proc AAAI, 2008[1]; AI Mag 28(4):15–26, 2007 [2]; Minds Mach 17(1)1–10, 2007 [3]) argue that the answer is W. D. Ross’s account of prima facie duties. The Andersons claim that Ross’s account best reflects the complexities of moral deliberation, incorporates the strengths of teleological and deontological approaches, and yet is superior to both of them insofar as it allows for “needed exceptions.” We argue that the Andersons are begging the question about “needed exceptions” and defend Satisficing Hedonistic Act Utilitarianism (SHAU). SHAU initially delivers results that are just as reflective, if not more reflective than, Ross’s account when it comes to the subtleties of moral decision-making. Furthermore, SHAU delivers the ‘right’ (that is, intuitively correct) judgments about well-established practical cases, reaching the same verdict as a prima facie duty-based ethic in the particular health-care case explored by the Andersons (a robot designed to know when to over-ride an elderly patient’s autonomy).}, journal={Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering}, author={Lucas, J. and Comstock, G.}, year={2015}, pages={79–92} }
 @article{lucas_comstock_2015, title={Do machines have prima facie duties?}, volume={74}, journal={Machine medical ethics}, author={Lucas, J. and Comstock, G.}, year={2015}, pages={79–92} }
 @article{comstock_2015, title={Harming Some to Enhance Others}, DOI={10.1057/9781137542472_4}, abstractNote={Generally speaking, we modify animals’ genomes to give their progeny traits that will indirectly improve human life. So-called intentional genetic ‘enhancements’ of animals, then, usually make the target animals worse-off. What rules should govern animal experimentation in which we harm some directly to enhance others indirectly? I criticize the abolitionist conclusions of animal rightists that all animal enhancements should be banned, and I criticize the permissive conclusions of speciesists that all such procedures should be allowed. I argue that current animal welfare law provides a defensible platform on which to begin building ethically justifiable policy in this area.}, journal={Inquiring into Animal Enhancement}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan UK}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={2015}, pages={49–78} }
 @article{comstock_2014, title={The Role of Philosophers in RCR Training}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1128/jmbe.v15i2.871}, abstractNote={The expanding moral circle lends coherence to the usual hodge-podge of canonical RCR topics. As it is in a person’s own interest to report falsification, understand fabrication, avoid plagiarism, beware of intuition, and justify one’s decisions, it is useful to begin RCR discussions with the principle that we ought to do what is in our own long-term best interests. As it is in the interest of a person’s research group to articulate their reasons for their conclusions, to write cooperatively, review manuscripts professionally, and report statistics transparently, one can introduce the principle that we ought to keep our promises and contracts. As it is a basic matter of rights to respect human subjects, mentor inclusively, recognize intellectual property, and reveal both conflicts of interests and collaborations with private industry, an RCR instructor can introduce the idea that we ought to respect each individual’s moral rights. Finally, as many animals can feel pain, are subjects of their own lives, and have interests of their own, we must take seriously our role in their welfare as research subjects. In this last step, we expand the circle fully, considering animal experimentation, duties to future generations and the natural environment, and the larger social responsibilities of researchers while adopting a utilitarian principle: We ought to do what will maximize aggregate happiness.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={2014}, pages={139–142} }
 @misc{comstock_2013, title={Personhood, ethics, and animal cognition: Situating animals in Hare's two-level utilitarianism}, volume={22}, number={3}, journal={Environmental Values}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={2013}, pages={417–420} }
 @book{comstock_2013, title={Research ethics: A philosophical guide to the responsible conduct of research}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84931327212&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1017/CBO9780511902703}, abstractNote={Education in the responsible conduct of research typically takes the form of online instructions about rules, regulations, and policies. Research Ethics takes a novel approach and emphasizes the art of philosophical decision-making. Part A introduces egoism and explains that it is in the individual's own interest to avoid misconduct, fabrication of data, plagiarism and bias. Part B explains contractualism and covers issues of authorship, peer review and responsible use of statistics. Part C introduces moral rights as the basis of informed consent, the use of humans in research, mentoring, intellectual property and conflicts of interests. Part D uses two-level utilitarianism to explore the possibilities and limits of the experimental use of animals, duties to the environment and future generations, and the social responsibilities of researchers. This book brings a fresh perspective to research ethics and will engage the moral imaginations of graduate students in all disciplines.}, journal={Research Ethics: A Philosophical Guide to the Responsible Conduct of Research}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={2013}, pages={1–292} }
 @book{comstock_2012, title={Ethics and genetically modified foods}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84887680755&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4419-5765-8_4}, abstractNote={This article argues that three sorts of ethical considerations converge to yield a common positive answer to the question of the ethical acceptability of GM crops: (1) the rights of people in various countries to choose to adopt GM technology; (2) the balance of likely benefits over harms to consumers and the environment from GM technology; and (3) the wisdom of encouraging discovery, innovation, and careful regulation of GM technology.}, journal={The Philosophy of Food}, publisher={Springer New York}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={2012}, pages={122–139} }
 @article{comstock_2010, title={Genetically Modified Foods}, DOI={10.1007/978-90-481-8792-8_10}, journal={Life Science Ethics}, publisher={Springer Netherlands}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2010}, pages={221–238} }
 @book{comstock_2010, title={Life Science Ethics}, DOI={10.1007/978-90-481-8792-8}, abstractNote={Does nature have intrinsic value? Should we be doing more to save wilderness and ocean ecosystems? What are our duties to future generations of humans? Do animals have rights? This revised edition of}, publisher={Springer Netherlands}, year={2010} }
 @article{comstock_2010, title={Religion}, DOI={10.1007/978-90-481-8792-8_2}, journal={Life Science Ethics}, publisher={Springer Netherlands}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2010}, pages={15–29} }
 @article{comstock_2008, title={Intuitive Level System Rules: Commentary on "Utilitarianism and the Evolution of Ecological Ethics"}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1353-3452"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57249094270&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11948-008-9096-z}, number={4}, journal={SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={575–579} }
 @article{comstock_alston-mills_grant_2007, title={Research ethics education: beyond RCR training}, volume={2}, journal={FCTL Newsletter}, author={Comstock, G. L. and Alston-Mills, B. and Grant, C.}, year={2007}, pages={1–4} }
 @article{comstock_2006, title={Why shouldn't turkeys get what they want?}, volume={Q}, journal={News and Observer [Raleigh, N.C.]}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={2006} }
 @article{comstock_2005, title={Morality's progress: Essays on humans, other animals, and the rest of nature.}, volume={114}, ISSN={["0031-8108"]}, DOI={10.1215/00318108-114-3-416}, abstractNote={Book Review| July 01 2005 Morality's Progress: Essays on Humans, Other Animals, and the Rest of Nature Dale Jamieson, Morality's Progress: Essays on Humans, Other Animals, and the Rest of Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. ix, 380. Gary L. Comstock Gary L. Comstock Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google The Philosophical Review (2005) 114 (3): 416–419. https://doi.org/10.1215/00318108-114-3-416 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Gary L. Comstock; Morality's Progress: Essays on Humans, Other Animals, and the Rest of Nature. The Philosophical Review 1 July 2005; 114 (3): 416–419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00318108-114-3-416 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsThe Philosophical Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Cornell University2005 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Book Reviews You do not currently have access to this content.}, number={3}, journal={PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2005}, month={Jul}, pages={416–419} }
 @inbook{comstock_2004, title={The production of genetically engineered food is ethical}, ISBN={0737722363}, booktitle={Genetic engineering: opposing viewpoints}, publisher={San Diego: Greenhaven}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={2004}, pages={110–120} }
 @book{religious autobiographies (2nd ed.)_2003, ISBN={0534526411}, publisher={Wadsworth}, year={2003} }
 @inbook{comstock_2003, title={What are the ethical issues surrounding genetic modification of nature?}, ISBN={0716798565}, booktitle={Life: the science of biology (7th ed.)}, publisher={Gordonsville, VA: W. H. Freeman}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, editor={W. K. Purves, D. Sadava and G. H. Orians and Heller, C.Editors}, year={2003}, pages={389} }
 @inbook{hessler_whetten_loopstra_penner_shriver_zeigler_fletcher_torrie_comstock_2002, title={Golden rice}, ISBN={081382835X}, booktitle={Life science ethics}, publisher={Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press}, author={Hessler, K. and Whetten, R. and Loopstra, C. and Penner, K. P. and Shriver, S. and Zeigler, R. and Fletcher, J. and Torrie, M. and Comstock, G. L.}, year={2002}, pages={307–368} }
 @misc{askren_carthy_chase_comstock_franz_oriola_2002, title={More citation vigilance}, volume={16}, number={17}, journal={Scientist}, author={Askren, V. and Carthy, R. and Chase, C. and Comstock, G. and Franz, E. and Oriola, T.}, year={2002} }
 @article{askren_carthy_chase_comstock_franz_oriola_2002, title={More citation vigilance}, volume={16}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037009567&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={17}, journal={Scientist}, author={Askren, V. and Carthy, R. and Chase, C. and Comstock, G. and Franz, E. and Oriola, T.}, year={2002} }
 @article{comstock_2002, title={Response to Lynch}, volume={13}, DOI={10.15368/bts.2002v13n2.5}, abstractNote={Professor Lynch provides a useful evaluation of arguments trying to reconcile animal pain with the traditional conception of God. Assuming that those who believe in a perfectly good and all powerful deity must explain why God would construct the universe so as to allow animal pain not caused by humans, Lynch discusses four arguments in defense of God: the corrupted creation thesis; the animals are non-conscious thesis; the animal pain isn’t as bad as it seems thesis; and the God just doesn’t care thesis.}, number={2}, journal={Between the Species: An Online Journal for the Study of Philosophy and Animals}, publisher={Robert E. Kennedy Library, Cal Poly}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={2002}, month={Aug} }
 @article{comstock_2002, title={Theodicy and animals: response to Joseph Lynch}, volume={2}, journal={Between the Species: A Journal of Ethics}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={2002} }
 @book{comstock_2000, title={A brief for the royal commission on genetic modification of New Zealand}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={2000} }
 @inbook{comstock_2000, title={Agricultural ethics}, volume={1}, ISBN={0415187060}, DOI={10.4324/9780415249126-l002-1}, abstractNote={Agricultural ethics is the study of moral issues raised by farming. These include: human interference with the course of nature; the effects of certain agricultural practices on present social conditions, and on the conditions under which future generations will live; the treatment of animals, especially when its aim is human advantage; and the value of farming as a human activity in itself.}, booktitle={Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy v.1}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Comstock, Gary}, editor={Craig, E.Editor}, year={2000} }
 @inbook{comstock_2000, title={An alternative ethic for animals}, ISBN={0851993621}, booktitle={Livestock, ethics and quality of life}, publisher={CAB International}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, editor={J. Hodges and Han, I. K.Editors}, year={2000} }
 @article{comstock_2000, title={Conclusion}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-1397-1_8}, journal={Vexing Nature?}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2000}, pages={285–288} }
 @article{comstock_2000, title={Introduction}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-1397-1_1}, journal={Vexing Nature?}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2000}, pages={1–11} }
 @article{comstock_2000, title={Make plans on the hoof}, journal={Times Higher Education Supplement}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={2000}, pages={19} }
 @book{prakash_ives_comstock_2000, title={Minutes from the technology transfer meeting}, institution={World Food Prize Symposium}, author={Prakash, C. S. and Ives, C. and Comstock, G. L.}, year={2000} }
 @article{comstock_2000, title={Problems for the Case Against Ag Biotech, Part I: Intrinsic Objections}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-1397-1_6}, journal={Vexing Nature?}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2000}, pages={175–224} }
 @article{comstock_2000, title={Problems for the Case Against Ag Biotech, Part II: Extrinsic Objections}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-1397-1_7}, journal={Vexing Nature?}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2000}, pages={225–283} }
 @book{comstock_2000, title={Vexing Nature?}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4615-1397-1}, publisher={Springer US}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={2000} }
 @book{comstock_2000, title={Vexing nature? On the ethical case against agricultural biotechnology}, ISBN={079237987X}, publisher={Kluwer Academic Publishers}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={2000} }
 @article{comstock_1999, title={The Iowa State University Model Bioethics Institutes}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1177/027046769901900410}, abstractNote={How should universities help their life science faculty members to integrate discussions of ethics into their courses? The Iowa State University Model Bio-ethics Institutes offer one model.}, journal={Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={1999}, pages={323–328} }
 @article{comstock_1999, title={The Iowa State University model bioethics institutes}, volume={19}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-9644259297&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={4}, journal={Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={1999}, pages={323–328} }
 @article{comstock_1998, title={Is it unnatural to genetically engineer plants?}, volume={46}, ISSN={["0043-1745"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032421006&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1017/s0043174500089669}, abstractNote={Author' note: This article is based on remarks made in February 1998 at the annual meeting of the Weed Science Society of America in Chicago. Those remarks were in turn based on an article, to be published in Spanish, titled “Es Antinatural la Manipulación Genética de los Animales?” The Spanish version will appear in the Proceedings of the Segundo Congreso Caribeno de Bioetica, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, March 1998. It addresses the question of the engineering of animals; the focus here is the engineering of plants. Whether one considers flora or fauna, the unnaturalness objection raises the same cluster of concerns. Consequently, an assessment of those concerns need not vary significantly in turning from animals to plants.}, number={6}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Comstock, G}, year={1998}, pages={647–651} }
 @article{comstock_1998, title={Research with transgenic animals: Obligations and issues}, volume={2}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031765747&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Biolaw and Business}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={1998}, pages={51–55} }
 @inbook{comstock_1997, title={Theism and environmental ethics}, ISBN={0631191534}, booktitle={A companion to philosophy of religion}, publisher={Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, editor={P. L. Quinn and Taliaferro, C.Editors}, year={1997}, pages={508–513} }
 @inproceedings{comstock_1996, title={Toward an evangelical environmental ethic}, ISBN={1885583044}, booktitle={Christianity and the environmental ethos}, publisher={St. Louis: ITEST Faith/Science Press}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, editor={S. M. Postiglione and Brungs, R.Editors}, year={1996}, pages={69–85} }
 @article{comstock_1995, title={An extensionist environmental ethic}, volume={4}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028984011&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf00056190}, number={8}, journal={Biodiversity and Conservation}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={1995}, month={Nov}, pages={827–837} }
 @article{comstock_1995, title={Do agriculturalists need a new, an ecocentric, ethic? 1994 Presidential address to the agriculture, food, and human values society}, volume={12}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-6244264299&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/BF02218070}, number={1}, journal={Agriculture and Human Values}, author={Comstock, G.L.}, year={1995}, pages={2–16} }
 @article{comstock_1995, title={Ethics and agricultural biotechnology: more opposing viewpoints}, volume={8}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029532150&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics}, author={Comstock, G.L.}, year={1995}, pages={95–197} }
 @article{comstock_1995, title={Introduction}, volume={8}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249757048&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf02251873}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary L.}, year={1995}, month={Sep}, pages={95–97} }
 @article{comstock_1994, title={Ethics and scientific research.}, volume={26}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028505250&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={2}, journal={SRA journal}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={1994}, pages={33–37} }
 @article{comstock_1994, title={Introduction}, volume={7}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249773552&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf01997219}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1994}, month={Mar}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{comstock_1994, title={Some Virtues and Vices of Agricultural Technology}, DOI={10.2134/asaspecpub57.c4}, journal={Agricultural Ethics: Issues for the 21st Century}, publisher={American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1994} }
 @article{comstock_1994, title={Spine Update What is Medical Ethics?}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1097/00007632-199405310-00021}, abstractNote={Address reprint requests to Department of PhilosophyIowa State University403 Ross HallAmes, IA 50011–2063 From the Department of Philosophy, Iowa State University, Ames,Iowa.Accepted for publication March 3, 1994.}, number={11}, journal={Spine}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1994}, month={Jun}, pages={1297–1300} }
 @article{comstock_1994, title={Spine updatewhat is medical ethics}, volume={19}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028356969&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={11}, journal={Spine}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={1994}, pages={1297–1300} }
 @article{comstock_1993, title={THE TRUTH OF RELIGIOUS NARRATIVES}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0020-7047"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038828162&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/BF01313788}, number={3}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION}, author={COMSTOCK, GL}, year={1993}, month={Dec}, pages={131–150} }
 @article{dekker_comstock_1992, title={Ethical and environmental considerations in the release of herbicide resistant crops}, volume={9}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3242841798&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/BF02217919}, number={3}, journal={Agriculture and Human Values}, author={Dekker, J. and Comstock, G.}, year={1992}, pages={31–43} }
 @article{comstock_1992, title={Should We Genetically Engineer Hogs?}, volume={8}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026918732&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.15368/bts.1992v8n4.3}, abstractNote={Should we use recombinant DNA techniques to create pigs genetically engineered to suit the preferences of fanners and consumers? In 1982, scientists injected a rat growth hormone gene into the chromosome of a mouse. The resultant animal expressed the rat gene and quickly grew to twice its parents' size.! In 1985, researchers at the United Slates Department ofAgriculture hoped to attain similar results by inserting a human growth hormone gene into the chromosome of a pig. At the Agricultural Experiment Station in Beltsville, Maryland, experimenters successfully microinjected the piece of DNA encoding the production of human somatotropin into the nucleus of a fertilized pig egg. The extracted embryo was reimplanted into a sow's uterus; the pregnant animal came to term; and the fIrst piglet in history with a human gene was bom. The Beltsville research program was not aimed at producing hogs twice the size of their parents but at producing more cost effective swine, pigs that would convert grain into lean meat faster than their parents while eating proportionately less grain. Such animals would be a boon to certain sectors of the agricultural economy, including most of the pork industry, some}, number={4}, journal={Between the Species: An Online Journal for the Study of Philosophy and Animals}, publisher={Robert E. Kennedy Library, Cal Poly}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1992}, month={Oct}, pages={196–202} }
 @article{comstock_center_1992, title={The Case Against bGH}, volume={7}, DOI={10.5840/socphiltoday1992722}, abstractNote={In the voluminous literature on the subject of bGH we have yet to find an attempt to frame the issue in specifically moral terms or to address systematically its ethical implications. I argue that there are two moral objections to the technology: its treatment of animals, and its dislocating effects on farmers. There are agricultural biotechnologies that deserve funding and support. bGH is not one of them.}, journal={Social Philosophy Today}, publisher={Philosophy Documentation Center}, author={Comstock, Gary and Center, Philosophy Documentation}, year={1992}, pages={65–98} }
 @article{comstock_1992, title={The Moral Irrelevance of Autonomy}, volume={8}, DOI={10.15368/bts.1992v8n1.2}, abstractNote={Editors' Note: The following papers on Autonomy and the Moral Status of Animals are from symposia on that subject which were presented at the Pacific Division meetings of the Society for the Study of Ethics and Animals, held in Los Angeles, California, in March, 1990, and at the Conference on Animal Rights and our Human Relationship to the Biosphere, held at San Francisco State University, in April, 1990.}, number={1}, journal={Between the Species: An Online Journal for the Study of Philosophy and Animals}, publisher={Robert E. Kennedy Library, Cal Poly}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1992}, month={Jan} }
 @inbook{comstock_1992, title={What obligations have scientists to transgenic animals?}, booktitle={Ethics and patenting of transgenic organisms}, publisher={Ithaca, NY: National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, 159 Biotechnology, Cornell University}, author={Comstock, G. L.}, year={1992}, pages={7} }
 @article{comstock_1991, title={Ethics and agricultural biotechnology: opposing viewpoints}, volume={4}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026346784&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={1991} }
 @article{comstock_1991, title={Introduction}, volume={4}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249918716&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf01980306}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1991}, month={Sep}, pages={101–107} }
 @article{comstock_1991, title={The costs and benefits of bGH may not be distributed fairly}, volume={4}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249917786&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/BF01980308}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics}, author={Comstock, G.}, year={1991}, pages={121–130} }
 @article{comstock_1990, title={Genetically engineered herbicide resistance, part two}, volume={3}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249959501&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf02014610}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Ethics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1990}, month={Sep}, pages={114–146} }
 @article{comstock_1989, title={BOOK REVIEWS}, volume={LVII}, DOI={10.1093/jaarel/lvii.1.213}, abstractNote={BOOK REVIEWS Get access Narrative and Morality: A Theological Inquiry. By Paul Nelson. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1987. 180 pages. $21.50. Gary Comstock Gary Comstock Oregon State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume LVII, Issue 1, Spring 1989, Pages 213–217, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/LVII.1.213 Published: 01 March 1989}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Academy of Religion}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1989}, pages={213–217} }
 @article{comstock_1989, title={Genetically engineered herbicide resistance, part one}, volume={2}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33646091767&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf01826808}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Ethics}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1989}, pages={263–306} }
 @article{comstock_christian philosophers_1989, title={Is Postmodern Religious Dialogue Possible?}, volume={6}, DOI={10.5840/faithphil19896211}, number={2}, journal={Faith and Philosophy}, publisher={Philosophy Documentation Center}, author={Comstock, Gary L. and Christian Philosophers, The Society}, year={1989}, pages={189–197} }
 @article{comstock_1988, title={The case against bGH}, volume={5}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2342649771&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf02217658}, number={3}, journal={Agriculture and Human Values}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1988}, month={Jun}, pages={36–52} }
 @book{is there a moral obligation to save the family farm?_1987, ISBN={0813809991}, publisher={Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press}, year={1987} }
 @article{comstock_1987, title={Two types of narrative theology}, volume={55}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67449088569&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1093/jaarel/LV.4.687}, abstractNote={Journal Article TWO TYPES OF NARRATIVE THEOLOGY Get access GARY L. COMSTOCK GARY L. COMSTOCK Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Religious Studies Program at Iowa State UniversityAmes, Iowa 50011 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume LV, Issue 4, Winter 1987, Pages 687–717, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/LV.4.687 Published: 01 December 1987}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the American Academy of Religion}, author={Comstock, G.L.}, year={1987}, pages={687–717} }
 @article{comstock_1986, title={Face to face with It: The naive Reader's moral response to ?Ivan Ilych?}, volume={70}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34250131257&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/bf00459815}, number={3}, journal={Neophilologus}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1986}, month={Jul}, pages={321–333} }
 @article{comstock_1985, title={Reason and Right. Garth Hallett}, volume={65}, DOI={10.1086/487346}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Religion}, publisher={University of Chicago Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1985}, month={Oct}, pages={579–580} }
 @article{comstock_1982, title={On Doing the Sacred Text}, volume={2}, DOI={10.1080/04580638209409840}, number={3}, journal={Liturgy}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Comstock, Gary}, year={1982}, month={Jan}, pages={25–30} }
 @article{comstock_1979, title={The Yoruba and Religious Change}, volume={10}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84861107244&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1163/157006679x00018}, abstractNote={Evolution religieuse des Yoruba du Nigeria depuis l'installation des premieres missions chretiennes au debut du XIX siecle. Histoire de la Fraternite Ogboni, souvent classe dans la categorie des societes secretes.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Religion in Africa}, publisher={Brill Academic Publishers}, author={Comstock, Gary Lynn}, year={1979}, month={Jan}, pages={1–12} }
 @article{comstock, title={Articulate reasons}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.008}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={105–117} }
 @article{comstock, title={Avoid plagiarism}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.004}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={58–67} }
 @article{comstock, title={Beware intuition}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.005}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={68–78} }
 @article{comstock, title={Clarify statistics}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.011}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={144–154} }
 @article{comstock, title={Conclusion}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.021}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={285–287} }
 @article{comstock, title={Cultivate responsibility}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.020}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={274–284} }
 @article{comstock, title={Inform subjects}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.013}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={169–183} }
 @article{comstock, title={Introduction}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.001}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={1–20} }
 @article{comstock, title={Justify decisions}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.006}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={79–90} }
 @article{comstock, title={Mentor inclusively}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.014}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={184–201} }
 @article{comstock, title={Preserve environments}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.019}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={267–273} }
 @article{comstock, title={Protect manuscripts}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.010}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={133–143} }
 @article{comstock, title={Recognize property}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.015}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={202–217} }
 @article{comstock, title={Report misconduct}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.003}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={39–57} }
 @article{comstock, title={Reveal conflicts}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.016}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={218–228} }
 @article{comstock, title={Treat humanely}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.018}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={243–266} }
 @article{comstock, title={Write cooperatively}, DOI={10.1017/cbo9780511902703.009}, journal={Research Ethics}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Comstock, Gary}, pages={118–132} }