I-Chieh Lee

Works (20)

Updated: January 14th, 2026 07:29

2026 article

Data from: Projecting the new body: How body image evolves during learning to walk with a wearable robot

Lee, I.-C., Min, H., Liu, M., & Huang, H. (2026, January 1). DRYAD.

By: I. Lee n, H. Min n, M. Liu n  & H. Huang n 

Contributors: I. Lee n, H. Min n, M. Liu n  & H. Huang n 

topics (OpenAlex):
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 11, 2026

2025 article

Enhancing Robot Transparency in Human–Robot Prosthesis Interaction to Mitigate Terrain Misrecognition Error

Lee, I.-C., Liu, M., & Huang, H. (2025, March 19). IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics, Vol. 3, pp. 734–742.

By: I. Lee n, M. Liu n  & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Prosthetics; Knee; Robots; Legged locomotion; Stairs; Robot sensing systems; Switches; Wearable robots; Impedance; Training; Robot transparency; machine fault prevention; powered knee prosthesis; transfemoral amputee
topics (OpenAlex): Robot Manipulation and Learning; Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics; Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: May 27, 2025

2025 article

Evaluation on Human Perception of Various Vibrotactile Encoding Methods Through a High Density Haptic Feedback Interface

Driscoll, B., Prabhu, N., Lee, I.-C., Liu, M., & Huang, H. (2025, May 9). IEEE Transactions on Haptics, Vol. 18, pp. 531–541.

By: B. Driscoll n, N. Prabhu n, I. Lee n, M. Liu n  & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Motors; Haptic interfaces; Encoding; Personal protective equipment; Touch sensitive screens; Visualization; Training; Target tracking; Skin; Limbs; Haptics; sensory substitution; motor rehabilitation; manual tracing
topics (OpenAlex): Tactile and Sensory Interactions; Color perception and design
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 1, 2025

2024 article

An Efficient Framework for Personalizing EMG-Driven Musculoskeletal Models Based on Reinforcement Learning

Berman, J., Lee, I.-C., Yin, J., & Huang, H. (2024, January 1). IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol. 32, pp. 4174–4185.

By: J. Berman n, I. Lee n, J. Yin n  & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Electromyography; Muscles; Data models; Wrist; Biological system modeling; Prosthetics; Computational modeling; Reinforcement learning; Kinematics; Training data; musculoskeletal modeling; EMG-based neural-machine interface; prostheses
MeSH headings : Humans; Electromyography / methods; Biomechanical Phenomena; Male; Algorithms; Neural Networks, Computer; Adult; Reinforcement, Psychology; Artificial Limbs; Hand / physiology; Female; Muscle, Skeletal / physiology; Amputees; Young Adult; Wrist / physiology; Computer Simulation; Movement; Posture; Upper Extremity / physiology
topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: December 16, 2024

2024 article

Enhancing User-Prosthesis Integration Through Intelligent Transparency

Lee, I.-C., Liu, M., & Huang, H. (2024, September 1). 2024 10th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob), pp. 471–476.

By: I. Lee*, M. Liu* & H. Huang* 

author keywords: human-machine transparency; machine fault; powered knee prosthesis; transfemoral amputee; wearer-prosthesis interaction
topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Hand Gesture Recognition Systems; Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 29, 2025

2023 article

Artificial intelligence meets medical robotics

Yip, M., Salcudean, S., Goldberg, K., Althoefer, K., Menciassi, A., Opfermann, J. D., … Lee, I.-C. (2023, July 13). Science, Vol. 381, pp. 141–146.

By: M. Yip *, S. Salcudean *, K. Goldberg *, K. Althoefer *, A. Menciassi, J. Opfermann *, A. Krieger *, K. Swaminathan * ...

topics (OpenAlex): Soft Robotics and Applications; Anatomy and Medical Technology
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 28, 2023

2023 article

Development and Online Validation of an Intrinsic Fault Detector for a Powered Robotic Knee Prosthesis

Naseri, A., Liu, M., Lee, I.-C., & Huang, H. H. (2023, October 1). 2023 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, IROS, pp. 2158–2164.

By: A. Naseri n, M. Liu n, I. Lee n & H. Huang n 

topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics; Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring
TL;DR: This paper focuses on designing an active fault detector for a robotic knee prosthesis and demonstrates its effectiveness in real time, and expects that this detector can be integrated into a fault tolerance strategy to enhance the reliability and safety of robotic prosthetic legs, enabling users to perform their everyday tasks with greater confidence. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 4, 2024

2023 article

Investigating the Association of Quantitative Gait Stability Metrics With User Perception of Gait Interruption Due to Control Faults During Human-Prosthesis Interaction

Naseri, A., Lee, I.-C., Huang, H., & Liu, M. (2023, January 1). IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 4693–4702.

By: A. Naseri n, I. Lee n, H. Huang n  & M. Liu n 

author keywords: Gait stability measurements; internal disturbance in robotic prosthesis; powered knee prosthesis; individuals with transfemoral amputation; gait stability perception
MeSH headings : Humans; Quality of Life; Gait; Walking; Artificial Limbs; Perception; Biomechanical Phenomena; Prosthesis Design
topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
TL;DR: The results showed that the center of pressure progression in the sagittal plane and knee momentum can potentially estimate the users’ perceptions of gait stability when experiencing disturbances, which can help improve the development and evaluation ofgait stability control algorithms in robotic prosthetic devices. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 2, 2024

2023 article

Offline Evaluation Matters: Investigation of the Influence of Offline Performance of EMG-Based Neural-Machine Interfaces on User Adaptation, Cognitive Load, and Physical Efforts in a Real-Time Application

Hinson, R. M., Berman, J., Lee, I.-C., Filer, W. G., & Huang, H. (2023, January 1). IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 3055–3063.

By: R. Hinson n, J. Berman n, I. Lee n, W. Filer * & H. Huang n 

author keywords: EMG decoding; neural machine interface; cognitive load; adaptation
MeSH headings : Humans; Physical Exertion; Electromyography / methods; Musculoskeletal System; Algorithms; Cognition
topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies; EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces; Motor Control and Adaptation
TL;DR: The results imply that the offline performance of EMG-based NMIs provide important insight to users’ abilities to utilize them and should play an important role in research and development of novel NMI algorithms. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 28, 2023

2022 article

A simplified model for whole-body angular momentum calculation

Liu, M., Naseri, A., Lee, I.-C., Hu, X., Lewek, M. D., & Huang, H. (2022, December 19). Medical Engineering & Physics, Vol. 111.

By: M. Liu n , A. Naseri n, I. Lee n, X. Hu n, M. Lewek n & H. Huang n 

Contributors: M. Liu n , A. Naseri n, I. Lee n, X. Hu n, M. Lewek n & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Angular momentum; Gait stability; Wearable system; Rigid body model
MeSH headings : Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Lower Extremity; Amputation, Surgical; Motion
topics (OpenAlex): Spaceflight effects on biology; Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention; Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
TL;DR: This study developed a simplified rigid body model by merging connected body segments to reduce the number of body segments, which need to be monitored, and demonstrated that the Lbody could be estimated by a seven-segment model accurately for both people with and without lower extremity amputation. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: February 27, 2023

2022 article

Characterizing Prosthesis Control Fault During Human-Prosthesis Interactive Walking Using Intrinsic Sensors

Naseri, A., Liu, M., Lee, I.-C., Liu, W., & Huang, H. (2022, June 27). IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Vol. 7, pp. 8307–8314.

By: A. Naseri n, M. Liu n , I. Lee n, W. Liu n & H. Huang n 

Contributors: A. Naseri n, M. Liu n , I. Lee n, W. Liu n & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Prosthetics and exoskeletons; safety in HRI; failure detection and recovery; physical human-robot interaction
topics (OpenAlex): Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics; Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Occupational Health and Safety Research
TL;DR: A procedure to study human-robot fault tolerance and inform the future design of robust prosthesis control is presented and the potential of using machine-learning-based schemes in identifying prostheses control faults based on intrinsic sensors on the prosthesis is demonstrated. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 29, 2022

2022 article

Harnessing Machine Learning and Physiological Knowledge for a Novel EMG-Based Neural-Machine Interface

Berman, J., Hinson, R., Lee, I.-C., & Huang, H. (2022, September 29). IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 70, pp. 1125–1136.

By: J. Berman n, R. Hinson n, I. Lee n & H. Huang n 

Contributors: J. Berman n, R. Hinson n, I. Lee n & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Electromyography; Decoding; Solid modeling; Electrodes; Artificial neural networks; Muscles; Machine learning; Artificial neural network; electromyography (EMG); musculoskeletal model; neural machine interface; reinforcement learning
MeSH headings : Electromyography / methods; Hand / physiology; Upper Extremity; Posture; Machine Learning
topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies; EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces; Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
TL;DR: Combining the concepts of machine learning and musculoskeletal modeling has resulted in a more robust joint kinematics decoder than either concept individually, which may result in a novel, highly reliable controller for powered prosthetic hands. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 15, 2023

2022 article

Human-prosthesis cooperation: combining adaptive prosthesis control with visual feedback guided gait

Fylstra, B. L., Lee, I.-C., Li, M., Lewek, M. D., & Huang, H. (2022, December 14). Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, Vol. 19.

By: B. Fylstra  n, I. Lee n, M. Li  n, M. Lewek* & H. Huang* 

Contributors: B. Fylstra  n, I. Lee n, M. Li  n, M. Lewek* & H. Huang* 

author keywords: Human-in-the-loop optimization; Transfemoral amputee; Powered prosthesis tuning; Visual feedback; Gait
MeSH headings : Humans; Feedback, Sensory; Gait; Artificial Limbs; Walking; Biomechanical Phenomena; Prosthesis Design; Amputees
topics (OpenAlex): Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics; Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Robot Manipulation and Learning
TL;DR: Novel insights are provided on human-prosthesis interaction when cooperating in walking which may guide the future successful adoption of this paradigm in prosthesis control personalization or human-in-the-loop optimization to improve the prosthesis user’s gait performance. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 3, 2023

2022 article

Is there a trade-off between economy and task goal variability in transfemoral amputee gait?

Lee, I.-C., Fylstra, B. L., Liu, M., Lenzi, T., & Huang, H. (2022, March 17). Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, Vol. 3.

By: I. Lee n, B. Fylstra n, M. Liu n, T. Lenzi * & H. Huang n 

Contributors: I. Lee n, B. Fylstra n, M. Liu n , T. Lenzi * & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Mechanical energy; Goal equivalent manifold; Transfemoral amputee; Energy recovery rate; Walking
MeSH headings : Amputees; Artificial Limbs; Gait / physiology; Goals; Humans; Walking / physiology
topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics; Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
TL;DR: This study investigated how unilateral transfemoral amputees regulate step and stride variability based on the task to achieve energy economy and found a negative relationship between energy recovery rate and non-goal-equivalent variability. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: April 4, 2022

2022 article

Toward Safe Wearer-Prosthesis Interaction: Evaluation of Gait Stability and Human Compensation Strategy Under Faults in Robotic Transfemoral Prostheses

Lee, I.-C., Liu, M., Lewek, M. D., Hu, X., Filer, W. G., & Huang, H. (2022, January 1). IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, Vol. 30, pp. 2773–2782.

By: I. Lee n, M. Liu n , M. Lewek*, X. Hu n, W. Filer * & H. Huang n 

Contributors: I. Lee n, M. Liu n , M. Lewek*, X. Hu n, W. Filer * & H. Huang n 

author keywords: Prosthetics; Robots; Knee; Legged locomotion; IP networks; Impedance; Training; Gait stability; machine fault; powered knee prosthesis; transfemoral amputee; user-prosthesis interaction
MeSH headings : Amputees; Artificial Limbs; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Humans; Prosthesis Design; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Robotics; Walking
topics (OpenAlex): Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics; Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
TL;DR: The results showed that the error tolerable bound is dependent on the gait phase and the direction of torque change, and may assist the future design of an auto-tuning algorithm, volitionally-controlled powered prosthetic legs, and training of gait stability. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: October 31, 2022

2021 article

Direct Myoelectric Control Modifies Lower Limb Functional Connectivity: A Case Study

Liu, W., Fleming, A., Lee, I.-C., Huang, H. H., Liu, W., Fleming, A., … Huang, H. H. (2021, November 1). 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 6573–6576.

By: W. Liu*, A. Fleming*, I. Lee*, H. Huang* , W. Liu, A. Fleming, I. Lee, H. Huang

Contributors: W. Liu*, A. Fleming*, I. Lee* & H. Huang* 

MeSH headings : Amputees; Artificial Limbs; Electromyography; Humans; Lower Extremity; Muscle, Skeletal
topics (OpenAlex): Muscle activation and electromyography studies; Neuroscience and Neural Engineering; EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
TL;DR: This preliminary study applies functional connectivity analysis to an individual with unilateral lower-limb amputation during postural sway task and identifies a stronger connection between residual and intact below knee modules with improved bilateral symmetry after amputee acquired skills to better control the powered prosthetic ankle. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 7, 2022

2021 article

Multifractal roots of suprapostural dexterity

Kelty-Stephen, D. G., Lee, I. C., Carver, N. S., Newell, K. M., & Mangalam, M. (2021, February 15). Human Movement Science.

By: D. Kelty-Stephen *, I. Lee n, N. Carver *, K. Newell * & M. Mangalam *

author keywords: Biotensegrity; Center of mass; Center of pressure; Fractal; Hurst exponent; Postural sway
MeSH headings : Adult; Algorithms; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Fractals; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Motor Skills; Nonlinear Dynamics; Postural Balance / physiology; Posture / physiology; Regression Analysis; Young Adult
topics (OpenAlex): Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis; Ecosystem dynamics and resilience; Neural dynamics and brain function
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the balance of SD within stable bounds may depend on a tendency for temporal correlations to self-correct across time, and are interpreted as part of the growing evidence that multifractal nonlinearity is a modeling strategy that resonates strongly with ecological-psychological approaches to perception and action. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: April 19, 2021

2020 article

Visual effort moderates postural cascade dynamics

Mangalam, M., Lee, I.-C., Newell, K. M., & Kelty-Stephen, D. G. (2020, November 20). Neuroscience Letters.

By: M. Mangalam *, I. Lee n, K. Newell * & D. Kelty-Stephen *

author keywords: Center of pressure; Ergonomics; Inverse power law; Multiscale PDF; Postural control; Quiet stance
MeSH headings : Adolescent; Adult; Eye Movements / physiology; Female; Humans; Male; Photic Stimulation / methods; Postural Balance / physiology; Psychomotor Performance / physiology; Random Allocation; Visual Fields / physiology; Visual Perception / physiology; Young Adult
topics (OpenAlex): Visual perception and processing mechanisms; Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis; Neural dynamics and brain function
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 8, 2021

2019 article

Postural coordination and control to the precision demands of light finger touch

Lee, I.-C., Pacheco, M. M., & Newell, K. M. (2019, March 15). Experimental Brain Research.

By: I. Lee n, M. Pacheco * & K. Newell *

author keywords: Light touch; Dual-task; Quiet standing; Correlation dimension; Wavelet analysis
MeSH headings : Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Postural Balance / physiology; Posture / physiology; Touch Perception / physiology; Young Adult
topics (OpenAlex): Motor Control and Adaptation; Tactile and Sensory Interactions; Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
TL;DR: The integrated nature of information availability, task requirements, and the emergent postural organization reflected in COP–COM coupling is pointed out. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: June 17, 2019

2019 article

The precision demands of viewing distance modulate postural coordination and control

Lee, I.-C., Pacheco, M. M., & Newell, K. M. (2019, June 4). Human Movement Science.

By: I. Lee n, M. Pacheco * & K. Newell *

author keywords: Precision; Posture; Dynamical systems; Information
topics (OpenAlex): Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention; Visual perception and processing mechanisms; Motor Control and Adaptation
TL;DR: The findings show that the natural act of looking to the same feature in the environment as a function of visual viewing distance can lead to quantitative and qualitative changes in the dynamics of posture, consistent with the view that postural facilitation and information availability are integrated in the perceptual-motor dynamics. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: September 3, 2019

Citation Index includes data from a number of different sources. If you have questions about the sources of data in the Citation Index or need a set of data which is free to re-distribute, please contact us.

Certain data included herein are derived from the Web of Science© and InCites© (2026) of Clarivate Analytics. All rights reserved. You may not copy or re-distribute this material in whole or in part without the prior written consent of Clarivate Analytics.