@article{kamanmalek_rice-boayue_2023, title={Development of a national antibiotic multimetric index for identifying watersheds vulnerable to antibiotic pollution}, volume={339}, ISSN={["1873-6424"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122670}, DOI={10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122670}, abstractNote={Improved surveillance of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (AR) throughout the environment is an important aspect of the prevention and control of threats posed to human and ecological health. In response to field investigations often limited by resources and time, this study aims to develop a systematic approach to assess watershed vulnerability to antibiotic pollution and AR by integrating modeling and field studies. The national antibiotic pollution vulnerability index was developed to identify watersheds most impacted by antibiotic sources. The index incorporates multiple metrics representing antibiotic pollution driven by both agricultural activities and municipal wastewater (i.e. outpatient antibiotic prescriptions, wastewater treatment plant effluent flow, stream order and dilution factor of effluent-receiving streams, manure application, and animal facilities), alongside climate change indicators (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and runoff). The pollution index was applied at a state level in North Carolina to identify the most-impacted watersheds and inform site selection for targeted field study quantifying azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim concentrations. Modeled-informed sites in NC demonstrated the highest reported concentrations of azithromycin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole compared to previous NC studies, confirming the index effectiveness in identifying watersheds with higher antibiotic concentrations. At the national scale, watersheds relatively more vulnerable to antibiotic pollution are predominantly located in the Midwest, South, and Northeast regions of the U.S., with Iowa and Indiana being the most impacted states. Climate change is expected to exacerbate watershed vulnerability to agriculture-driven AR in the Midwest and Northeast due to an increase in precipitation and mean temperature coupled with intense agricultural activities. In addition, due to climate change-induced reductions in precipitation and runoff, watersheds in the Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, and South Central are dominantly at higher risk of effluent-driven AR occurrences. We have disseminated the developed indices as open-source online tools to aid in prioritizing strategies to mitigate AR occurrence across the U.S.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}, author={Kamanmalek, Sara and Rice-Boayue, Jacelyn}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{kamanmalek_brooks_rice-boayue_2022, title={Spatial Hazards of Antibiotic Resistance in Wastewater-Impacted Streams during Low Instream Flow Conditions}, volume={2}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00386}, DOI={10.1021/acsestwater.1c00386}, abstractNote={Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a major point source of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment. This study evaluated model predictions for ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) concentrations, and the potential presence of their respective resistance within U.S. streams affected by WWTP discharges under varying instream flow conditions. We incorporate predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for selection resistance into the previously developed De Facto Reuse Incidence Nations Consumable Supply model to identify potential antibiotic hotspots across the U.S. Our results suggest that under mean annual instream flow, more than one-third of sites (4629 out of 13,245) did not meet the antibiotic resistance (ABR) safety threshold for CIP. Under low instream flow conditions, dilution factors in 76.9% (n = 9885) of sites exceeded the ABR safety threshold for CIP, and ABR safety thresholds for two antibiotics were surpassed in 25.8% (n = 3323) of streams with available low flow data (n = 12,856). Despite considerable therapeutic use and the resulting presence of SMX in the effluent, the threat of SMX resistance is comparatively low due to a higher ABR threshold. We suggest that several streams across the U.S. are vulnerable to ABR development from compounds with relatively low PNECs, such as CIP, during average and low instream flow conditions.}, journal={ACS ES&T Water}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Kamanmalek, Sara and Brooks, Bryan W. and Rice-Boayue, Jacelyn}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{cadwallader_rice-boayue_vanbriesen_2021, title={Impact of Nitrogen Removal in Wastewater Treatment on NDMA Formation at Downstream Drinking-Water Treatment Plants}, volume={147}, url={https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001927}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001927}, abstractNote={AbstractDe facto reuse (DFR) occurs when surface waters receiving wastewater effluent are used as source water by a downstream drinking-water treatment plant (DWTP). Wastewater effluent may contain...}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Environmental Engineering}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Cadwallader, Adam and Rice-Boayue, Jacelyn and VanBriesen, Jeanne M.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{geitner_ogilvie hendren_cornelis_kaegi_lead_lowry_lynch_nowack_petersen_bernhardt_et al._2020, title={Harmonizing across environmental nanomaterial testing media for increased comparability of nanomaterial datasets}, volume={7}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85078433067&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1039/c9en00448c}, abstractNote={The chemical composition and properties of environmental media determine nanomaterial (NM) transport, fate, biouptake, and organism response.}, number={1}, journal={Environmental Science: Nano}, author={Geitner, N.K. and Ogilvie Hendren, C. and Cornelis, G. and Kaegi, R. and Lead, J.R. and Lowry, G.V. and Lynch, I. and Nowack, B. and Petersen, E. and Bernhardt, E. and et al.}, year={2020}, pages={13–36} }
 @article{stotts_rice_wutich_brewis_white_maupin_2019, title={Cross-cultural knowledge and acceptance of wastewater reclamation and reuse processes across select sites}, volume={78}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85074841328&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.17730/0018-7259.78.4.311}, abstractNote={Water is in a constant state of circulation and reuse. Most reuse is unplanned, suggesting significant potential for planned reuse. Yet, attempts to implement planned potable reuse of wastewater have often been countered by public resistance. Based mostly on analyses from high-income countries, scholars have argued that educating people on the technical processes of wastewater reuse will lead to increased public acceptance. Our research explores the relationship between knowledge of wastewater treatment technology and acceptance of direct potable wastewater reuse and examines the perspectives of residents of lower and middle countries in context with, and in comparison to, residents of wealthier countries. Using data collected through semi-structured interviews with residents in community sites in Guatemala, Fiji, New Zealand, and Spain, our analysis highlights how little knowledge of wastewater treatment technology exists and that such knowledge has little bearing on wastewater reuse acceptability. Rather, cultural factors like trust are likely key. We propose that efforts to increase acceptance of potable wastewater reuse needs to be focused on explicitly cultural factors like trust more so than public education in the strict sense.}, number={4}, journal={Human Organization}, author={Stotts, R. and Rice, J. and Wutich, A. and Brewis, A. and White, D. and Maupin, J.}, year={2019}, pages={311–324} }
 @article{barber_rapp_kandel_keefe_rice_westerhoff_bertolatus_vajda_2019, title={Integrated Assessment of Wastewater Reuse, Exposure Risk, and Fish Endocrine Disruption in the Shenandoah River Watershed}, volume={53}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85063787982&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/acs.est.8b05655}, abstractNote={Reuse of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is used to augment freshwater supplies globally. The Shenandoah River Watershed (U.S.A.) was selected to conduct on-site exposure experiments to assess endocrine disrupting characteristics of different source waters. This investigation integrates WWTP wastewater reuse modeling, hydrological and chemical characterization, and in vivo endocrine disruption bioassessment to assess contaminant sources, exposure pathways, and biological effects. The percentage of accumulated WWTP effluent in each river reach (ACCWW%) was used to predict environmental concentrations for consumer product chemicals (boron), pharmaceutical compounds (carbamazepine), and steroidal estrogens (estrone, 17-β-estradiol, estriol, and 17-α-ethinylestradiol). Fish endocrine disruption was evaluated using vitellogenin induction in adult male or larval fathead minnows. Water samples were analyzed for >500 inorganic and organic constituents to characterize the complex contaminant mixtures. Municipal ACCWW% at drinking water treatment plant surface water intakes ranged from <0.01 to 2.0% under mean-annual streamflow and up to 4.5% under mean-August streamflow. Measured and predicted environmental concentrations resulted in 17-β-estradiol equivalency quotients ranging from 0.002 to 5.0 ng L-1 indicating low-to-moderate risk of fish endocrine disruption. Results from the fish exposure experiments showed low (0.5- to 3.2-fold) vitellogenin induction in adult males.}, number={7}, journal={Environmental Science and Technology}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Barber, Larry B. and Rapp, Jennifer L. and Kandel, Chintamani and Keefe, Steffanie H. and Rice, Jacelyn and Westerhoff, Paul and Bertolatus, David W. and Vajda, Alan M.}, year={2019}, pages={3429–3440} }
 @article{rice_stotts_wutich_white_maupin_brewis_2019, title={Motivators for treated wastewater acceptance across developed and developing contexts}, volume={9}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85074064934&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2166/washdev.2018.285}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development}, publisher={IWA Publishing}, author={Rice, Jacelyn and Stotts, Rhian and Wutich, Amber and White, Dave and Maupin, Jonathan and Brewis, Alexandra}, year={2019}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{nguyen_westerhoff_furlong_kolpin_batt_mash_schenck_boone_rice_glassmeyer_2018, title={Modeled De Facto Reuse and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Source Waters}, volume={110}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85045137820&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/awwa.1052}, abstractNote={De facto reuse is the percentage of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intake potentially composed of effluent discharged from upstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results from grab samples and a De Facto Reuse in our Nation's Consumable Supply (DRINCS) geospatial watershed model were used to quantify contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) concentrations at DWTP intakes to qualitatively compare exposure risks obtained by the two approaches. Between nine and 71 CECs were detected in grab samples. The number of upstream WWTP discharges ranged from 0 to >1,000; comparative de facto reuse results from DRINCS ranged from <0.1 to 13% during average flow and >80% during lower streamflows. Correlation between chemicals detected and DRINCS modeling results were observed, particularly DWTPs withdrawing from midsize water bodies. This comparison advances the utility of DRINCS to identify locations of DWTPs for future CEC sampling and treatment technology testing.}, number={4}, journal={Journal - American Water Works Association}, author={Nguyen, Thuy and Westerhoff, Paul and Furlong, Edward T. and Kolpin, Dana W. and Batt, Angela L. and Mash, Heath E. and Schenck, Kathleen M. and Boone, J. Scott and Rice, Jacelyn and Glassmeyer, Susan T.}, year={2018}, pages={E2–E18} }
 @article{rice_westerhoff_2017, title={High levels of endocrine pollutants in US streams during low flow due to insufficient wastewater dilution}, volume={10}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85026671615&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1038/NGEO2984}, number={8}, journal={Nature Geoscience}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Rice, Jacelyn and Westerhoff, Paul}, year={2017}, pages={587–591} }
 @article{rice_wutich_white_westerhoff_2016, title={Comparing actual de facto wastewater reuse and its public acceptability: A three city case study}, volume={27}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84977124949&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.scs.2016.06.007}, abstractNote={Increases in water treatment technology have made water recycling a viable engineering solution to water supply limitations. In spite of this, such water recycling schemes have often been halted by lack of public acceptance. Previous studies have captured the public’s attitudes regarding planned reuse schemes, but here we focus on unplanned reuse (i.e. de facto reuse), present in many cities across the U.S. We performed a survey in three metropolitan areas, Atlanta, GA (N = 421), Philadelphia, PA (N = 490), and Phoenix, AZ (N = 418), to assess basic perceptions of treated wastewater occurrence and its acceptance in the public water supply. These perceptions were then coupled by estimates of the actual extent of occurrence in the corresponding cities. The key results are that (1) de facto reuse occurs at rates across the three cities higher than what is perceived; (2) roughly 25% of respondents perceive de facto reuse to occur in their home tap water; and (3) respondents who perceived de facto reuse to occur at their tap were ten times more likely to have a high level of acceptance for de facto reuse in their home tap.}, journal={Sustainable Cities and Society}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rice, Jacelyn and Wutich, Amber and White, Dave D. and Westerhoff, Paul}, year={2016}, pages={467–474} }
 @article{rice_via_westerhoff_2015, title={Extent and impacts of unplanned wastewater Reuse in US rivers}, volume={107}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84946754048&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0178}, abstractNote={A recently developed watershed‐scale hydraulic model (De‐facto Reuse Incidence in our Nation's Consumptive Supply [DRINCS]) was applied to estimate municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) contribution to downstream water treatment plant (WTP) influent flow. Using DRINCS and geocoded data for 14,651 WWTPs and 1,320 WTPs, the occurrence of treated municipal wastewater in drinking water supplies is geographically widespread, and its magnitude depends largely on the flow condition and size of the source river. Under average streamflow conditions in this study, the median contribution of wastewater flow to drinking water supplies was approximately 1% and increased to as much as 100% under low‐flow conditions (modeled by Q95). Wastewater contributions to nutrient and emerging contaminant loading were estimated and geospatially compared with the findings of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule and Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. In turn, this analysis offers important insights into the treatment challenges facing treatment facilities across the United States.}, number={11}, journal={Journal - American Water Works Association}, publisher={American Water Works Association}, author={Rice, Jacelyn and Via, Steve H. and Westerhoff, Paul}, year={2015}, pages={E571–E581} }
 @article{rice_westerhoff_2015, title={Spatial and temporal variation in de facto wastewater reuse in drinking water systems across the U.S.A.}, volume={49}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921721434&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/es5048057}, abstractNote={De facto potable reuse occurs when treated wastewater is discharged into surface waters upstream of potable drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intakes. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges may pose water quality risks at the downstream DWTP, but additional flow aids in providing a reliable water supply source. In this work de facto reuse is analyzed for 2056 surface water intakes serving 1210 DWTPs across the U.S.A. that serve greater than 10,000 people, covering approximately 82% of the nation’s population. An ArcGIS model is developed to assess spatial relationships between DWTPs and WWTPs, with a python script designed to perform a network analysis by hydrologic region. A high frequency of de facto reuse occurrence was observed; 50% of the DWTP intakes are potentially impacted by upstream WWTP discharges. However, the magnitude of de facto reuse was seen to be relatively low, where 50% of the impacted intakes contained less than 1% treated municipal wastewater under average streamflow conditions. De facto reuse increased greatly under low streamflow conditions (modeled by Q95), with 32 of the 80 sites yielding at least 50% treated wastewater, this portion of the analysis is limited to sites where stream gauge data was readily available.}, number={2}, journal={Environmental Science and Technology}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Rice, Jacelyn and Westerhoff, Paul}, year={2015}, pages={982–989} }
 @article{rice_wutich_westerhoff_2013, title={Assessment of de facto wastewater reuse across the U.S.: Trends between 1980 and 2008}, volume={47}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84885128868&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/es402792s}, abstractNote={De facto wastewater reuse is the incidental presence of treated wastewater in a water supply source. In 1980 the EPA identified drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) impacted by upstream wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges and found the top 25 most impacted DWTPs contained between 2% and 16% wastewater discharges from upstream locations (i.e., de facto reuse) under average streamflow conditions. This study is the first to provide an update to the 1980 EPA analysis. An ArcGIS model of DWTPs and WWTPs across the U.S. was created to quantify de facto reuse for the top 25 cities in the 1980 EPA study. From 1980 to 2008, de facto reuse increased for 17 of the 25 DWTPs, as municipal flows upstream of the sites increased by 68%. Under low streamflow conditions, de facto reuse in DWTP supplies ranged from 7% to 100%, illustrating the importance of wastewater in sustainable water supplies. Case studies were performed on four cities to analyze the reasons for changes in de facto reuse over time. Three of the four sites have greater than 20% treated wastewater effluent within their drinking water source for streamflow less than the 25th percentile historic flow.}, number={19}, journal={Environmental Science and Technology}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Rice, Jacelyn and Wutich, Amber and Westerhoff, Paul}, year={2013}, pages={11099–11105} }