@article{jeong_adams_kim_2020, title={Chip Seal Construction Variability and Its Impact on Performance}, volume={146}, ISSN={["2573-5438"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000218}, DOI={10.1061/JPEODX.0000218}, abstractNote={AbstractThis paper presents findings obtained from field and laboratory tests that were designed to assess chip seal construction variability in comparison to the targeted design, and to investigat...}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PART B-PAVEMENTS}, publisher={American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)}, author={Jeong, Jaehoon and Adams, Javon M. and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{adams_castorena_kim_2019, title={Construction quality acceptance performance-related specifications for chip seals}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2095-7564"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jtte.2019.05.003}, abstractNote={The research described herein details the establishment of a framework for construction quality acceptance performance-related specifications (PRS) for chip seal surface treatments. This paper establishes acceptance quality characteristics (AQCs) and relationships between the AQCs and related chip seal performance measures. This work is a critical step in developing PRS for constructed chip seal treatments and establishing suitable guidelines for the PRS. The main objective of this paper is to determine appropriate test methods to evaluate each defined AQC. The relationships that are established between the AQCs and chip seal performance are used to define performance ranges and threshold values for a particular performance measure. These performance ranges and threshold values then can be used to define pay factors for the constructed chip seal section. The threshold values and pay factors for each AQC described herein are preliminary recommendations and require further validation prior to implementation. However, this research demonstrates how these PRS would be utilized to ensure acceptable chip seal construction quality in the field. The developed construction quality acceptance PRS framework uses the percent within limits (PWL) concept to determine whether a chip seal lot passes the PRS threshold values and whether the contractor receives full pay, is subject to a pay penalty, or fails the construction PRS and must correct the chip seal within the first year in service, which constitutes the typical warranty period for contracted chip seal work. Finally, recommendations are made as to the next steps in the development and validation of these construction quality acceptance PRS that are needed for implementation by contractors and state roadway maintenance agencies.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ENGLISH EDITION}, author={Adams, Javon and Castorena, Cassie and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={337–348} }
 @article{castorena_ilias_adams_kim_2018, title={Low-Temperature Emulsion Performance-Graded Specification for Chip Seals}, volume={2672}, ISSN={["2169-4052"]}, DOI={10.1177/0361198118790133}, abstractNote={ Chip seals are applied to existing roadways to slow deterioration and improve pavement surface conditions without increasing the pavement’s structural capacity. Chip seals typically are comprised of asphalt emulsion and aggregate. Although it is well known that the properties of asphalt emulsion are critical to chip seal performance, the current specifications for these binders are empirical in nature and are not based on the properties that relate directly to chip seal performance. This study proposes emulsion performance-graded specifications that are designed to mitigate aggregate loss at low temperatures. To develop the proposed specifications, the research team executed an experimental plan to identify the residual binder properties that relate to chip seal aggregate loss at low temperatures. This research considered both fracture mechanics and rheology-based binder properties. Dynamic shear moduli, evaluated at critical phase angle values, demonstrated the strongest correlation to chip seal aggregate loss at low temperatures. Critical phase angle values were varied as a function of the low-temperature climatic emulsion performance grade of interest. This study also established preliminary specification limits for the dynamic shear modulus values based on critical chip seal performance thresholds. }, number={28}, journal={TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD}, author={Castorena, Cassie and Ilias, Mohammad and Adams, Javon and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={266–276} }
 @article{adams_ilias_castorena_kim_2018, title={Performance-Graded Specifications for Asphalt Emulsions Used in Chip Seal Preservation Treatments}, volume={2672}, ISSN={["2169-4052"]}, DOI={10.1177/0361198118770169}, abstractNote={ This paper details the development of a framework for emulsion performance-grade (EPG) specifications for chip seal treatments. Chip seals are preservation surface treatments that are designed to improve the condition of the pavement surface while mitigating deterioration of the overall pavement structure. Asphalt emulsions used in chip seals often are selected based on factors that are not necessarily related to performance. Aggregate loss and bleeding have been identified as the most critical chip seal distresses that are related to binder performance. Storage stability, sprayability, and drain-out have been determined to be the most critical constructability concerns. For this study, binder and mixture test methods were identified to reflect the failure mechanisms for each critical distress type. The emulsion residue test methods that were identified to capture chip seal performance are the multiple stress creep and recovery test for bleeding and the dynamic shear rheometer frequency sweep test for low-temperature aggregate loss. The fresh emulsion test methods that were identified to capture chip seal constructability are the three-step shear test and storage stability test. The proposed EPG specifications for the fresh emulsion properties that are related to constructability were developed using statistical analysis of the binder test results. The proposed EPG specifications for the residual binder properties were developed by defining the temperature-independent relationships between the emulsion residue properties and mixture performance that correspond to each critical distress. Preliminary specification limits were then established based on the values of the binder properties that correspond to the critical mixture performance thresholds. }, number={12}, journal={TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD}, author={Adams, Javon and Ilias, Mohammad and Castorena, Cassie and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2018}, month={Dec}, pages={20–31} }
 @article{adams_castorena_im_ilias_kim_2017, title={Addressing Raveling Resistance in Chip Seal Specifications}, ISSN={["2169-4052"]}, DOI={10.3141/2612-05}, abstractNote={ Chip seals are applied to existing roadways to slow deterioration and improve pavement surface conditions without increasing the pavement’s structural capacity. The raveling of chip seals can cause damage to vehicles and thus is a safety concern. Raveling resistance is related to both material application rates and material properties. The current chip seal specifications fail to adequately address the material-related aspects of raveling resistance. This study seeks to develop recommendations to address raveling resistance in future chip seal specifications. Strain sweep binder tests, binder bond strength (BBS) tests, and Vialit chip seal mixture tests were conducted to assess early raveling, late raveling, and wet raveling at two intermediate temperatures. The results demonstrate that the bond that develops between the residual binder and the aggregate is highly dependent on the interaction between the emulsion and the aggregate during curing. The importance of emulsion–aggregate compatibility in raveling resistance indicates that raveling resistance cannot be addressed in binder specifications alone. Rather, it is recommended that intermediate temperature raveling resistance should be addressed during chip seal mixture design. Vialit and BBS tests, in which emulsion is cured on rock, can both be used to effectively quantify the aggregate loss potential of a chip seal. These two tests are able to capture the benefits of polymer modification and produce results that correlate. However, the Vialit tests are easier to implement than the BBS tests and require no expensive equipment. Therefore, Vialit tests are recommended to address early, late, and wet raveling resistance in future chip seal specifications. }, number={2612}, journal={TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD}, author={Adams, Javon and Castorena, Cassie and Im, Jeong Hyuk and Ilias, Mohammad and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2017}, pages={39–46} }
 @article{adams_kim_2014, title={Mean profile depth analysis of field and laboratory traffic-loaded chip seal surface treatments}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1477-268X"]}, DOI={10.1080/10298436.2013.851790}, abstractNote={This paper presents a laboratory and field study to evaluate the mean profile depth (MPD) parameter that represents the surface texture of chip seal pavements. A three-dimensional laser profiler is used to determine the MPD values from both field pavement sections and field samples that have been tested in the laboratory using the third-scale model mobile loading simulator (MMLS3). Data obtained from five different field-constructed chip seal sections are used to evaluate the effects of different factors on the MPD of chip seal pavements. These factors include aggregate type, emulsion application rate, field versus MMLS3 traffic loading and traffic volume. The results presented in this paper suggest that: (1) chip seal pavements constructed using lightweight aggregate have larger initial MPD values and faster reduction in MPD as a function of the number of wheel passes than those constructed using granite 78M aggregate; (2) MPD values obtained from a drier section (with drier indicating a lower emulsion-to-aggregate ratio than that of the sections it is being compared against) initially drop quickly and significantly, resulting in a much smaller ultimate MPD value; (3) in general, the MPD values obtained under MMLS3 loading are similar to those obtained from field traffic loading, thus allowing the translation of the laboratory MMLS3 data to the field response data; (4) a short rest period in a high-traffic volume road retards the recovery of the binder and, therefore, leads to more permanent changes in the MPD and (5) the initial measured MPD value can help predict aggregate loss performance.}, number={7}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING}, author={Adams, Javon M. and Kim, Y. Richard}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={645–656} }