@article{harlow_griesgraber_seman_shuping_sommer_griffith_hileman_nestor_2022, title={The impact of undernutrition on KNDy (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin) neurons in female lambs}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1365-2826"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.13135}, DOI={10.1111/jne.13135}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Harlow, KaLynn and Griesgraber, Max J. and Seman, Andrew D. and Shuping, Sydney L. and Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Griffith, Emily H. and Hileman, Stanley M. and Nestor, Casey C.}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{merkley_shuping_sommer_nestor_2021, title={Evidence That Agouti-Related Peptide May Directly Regulate Kisspeptin Neurons in Male Sheep}, volume={11}, ISBN={2218-1989}, DOI={10.3390/metabol1030138}, number={3}, journal={METABOLITES}, author={Merkley, Christina M. and Shuping, Sydney L. and Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Nestor, Casey C.}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{harlow_renwick_shuping_sommer_lents_knauer_nestor_2021, title={Evidence that pubertal status impacts kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons in the gilt(dagger)}, volume={105}, ISSN={["1529-7268"]}, DOI={10.1093/biolre/ioab189}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION}, author={Harlow, KaLynn and Renwick, Allison N. and Shuping, Sydney L. and Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Lents, Clay A. and Knauer, Mark T. and Nestor, Casey C.}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={1533–1544} }
 @article{harlow_renwick_shuping_sommer_knauer_nestor_2020, title={Effects of genetic selection for early puberty on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in gilts}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa054.368}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Harlow, KaLynn and Renwick, Allison and Shuping, Sydney and Sommer, Jeff and Knauer, Mark and Nestor, Casey}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={212–212} }
 @article{carvalho_sanglard_nascimento_moriel_sommer_merrill_poore_duarte_serao_2020, title={miRNAs explain the variation in muscle and blood transcriptomes of beef calves born from dams with or without energy restriction during late gestation}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skaa054.292}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Carvalho, Elisa B. and Sanglard, Leticia P. and Nascimento, Moyses and Moriel, Philipe and Sommer, Jeffrey and Merrill, Melissa and Poore, Matthew and Duarte, Marcio and Serao, Nick}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={165–165} }
 @article{khanal_sanglard_mayberry_sommer_poore_poole_serao_2019, title={Genes and functions associated with tolerance to fescue toxicosis in Angus cows}, volume={97}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, DOI={10.1093/jas/skz122.295}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Khanal, Piush and Sanglard, Leticia Pereira and Mayberry, Kyle and Sommer, Jeffrey and Poore, Matthew H. and Poole, Daniel H. and Serao, Nick V. L.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={167–167} }
 @article{chung_zhang_collins_sper_gleason_simpson_koh_sommer_flowers_petters_et al._2018, title={High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) deficiency in pigs leads to dwarfism, abnormal fetal resource allocation, and cryptorchidism}, volume={115}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721630115}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1721630115}, abstractNote={Significance}, number={21}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Chung, Jaewook and Zhang, Xia and Collins, Bruce and Sper, Renan B. and Gleason, Katherine and Simpson, Sean and Koh, Sehwon and Sommer, Jeffrey and Flowers, William L. and Petters, Robert M. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={5420–5425} }
 @article{sanglard_nascimento_moriel_sommer_ashwell_poore_duarte_serão_2018, title={Impact of energy restriction during late gestation on the muscle and blood transcriptome of beef calves after preconditioning}, volume={19}, ISSN={1471-2164}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-018-5089-8}, abstractNote={Maternal nutrition has been highlighted as one of the main factors affecting intra-uterine environment. The increase in nutritional requirements by beef cows during late gestation can cause nutritional deficiency in the fetus and impact the fetal regulation of genes associated with myogenesis and immune response.Forty days before the expected calving date, cows were assigned to one of two diets: 100% (control) or 70% (restricted group) of the daily energy requirement. Muscle samples were collected from 12 heifers and 12 steers, and blood samples were collected from 12 steers. The objective of this work was to identify and to assess the biological relevance of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the skeletal muscle and blood of beef calves born from cows that experienced [or not] a 30% energy restriction during the last 40 days of gestation.A total of 160, 164, and 346 DEG (q-value< 0.05) were identified in the skeletal muscle for the effects of diet, sex, and diet-by-sex interaction, respectively. For blood, 452, 1392, and 155 DEG were identified for the effects of diet, time, and diet-by-time interaction, respectively. For skeletal muscle, results based on diet identified genes involved in muscle metabolism. In muscle, from the 10 most DEG down-regulated in the energy-restricted group (REST), we identified 5 genes associated with muscle metabolism and development: SLCO3A1, ATP6V0D1, SLC2A1, GPC4, and RASD2. In blood, among the 10 most DEG, we found genes related to response to stress up-regulated in the REST after weaning, such as SOD3 and INO80D, and to immune response down-regulated in the REST after vaccination, such as OASL, KLRF1, and LOC104968634.In conclusion, maternal energy restriction during late gestation may limit the expression of genes in the muscle and increase expression in the blood of calves. In addition, enrichment analysis showed that a short-term maternal energy restriction during pregnancy affects the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and muscle contraction, and immunity and stress response in the blood. Therefore, alterations in the intra-uterine environment can modify prenatal development with lasting consequences to adult life.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Genomics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Sanglard, Leticia P and Nascimento, Moysés and Moriel, Philipe and Sommer, Jeffrey and Ashwell, Melissa and Poore, Matthew H and Duarte, Márcio de S and Serão, Nick V L}, year={2018}, month={Sep} }
 @article{lima_lin_jacobi_man_sommer_flowers_blikslager_gonzalez_odle_2017, title={Supplementation of Maternal Diets with Docosahexaenoic Acid and Methylating Vitamins Impacts Growth and Development of Fetuses from Malnourished Gilts}, volume={2}, ISSN={2475-2991}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/cdn.117.001958}, DOI={10.3945/cdn.117.001958}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Like many species, pregnant swine mobilize and repartition body nutrient stores during extreme malnutrition to support fetal development. Objective The objective of this study was to model chronic human maternal malnutrition and measure effects of methylating-vitamins (MVs, containing choline, folate, B-6, B-12, and riboflavin) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on fetal growth and development. Methods Pregnant gilts (n = 24) were either fully nourished (2.0 kg/d) with a corn-plus-isolated-soy-protein basal diet (control) supplemented with MVs and DHA or nourishment was restricted throughout gestation. Basal diet fed to malnourished gilts was reduced progressively from 50% to 70% restriction (1.0 to 0.6 kg/d) and was supplemented following a 2 (±MVs) x 2 (±DHA) factorial design. Full-term c-sections were performed to assess impacts on low and normal birth weight (LBW/NBW) fetuses (n = 238). Results Body weight gain of malnourished gilts was 10% of full-fed control dams (P < 0.05), but offspring birth weight, length, girth, and percentage of LBW fetuses were not different between treatments. The number of pigs per litter was reduced by 30% in malnourished control dams. Fetal brain weights were reduced by 7% compared to positive controls (P < 0.05). Micronutrient supplementation to malnourished dams increased fetal brain weights back to full-fed control levels. Dams with DHA produced offspring with higher DHA concentrations in brain and liver (P < 0.05). Plasma choline concentration was 4-fold higher in fetuses from unsupplemented malnourished dams (P < 0.0001). Global DNA methylation status of fetuses from restricted dams was higher than in control fetuses, including brain, liver, heart, muscle, and placenta tissues (P < 0.05). Addition of DHA increased methylation in LBW fetal brains (P < 0.05). Conclusions Despite the mobilization of maternal stores, malnourished litters displayed reduced brain development that was fully mitigated by micronutrient supplementation. Severe maternal malnutrition increased global DNA methylation in several fetal tissues that was unaltered by choline and B-vitamin supplementation.}, number={3}, journal={Current Developments in Nutrition}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Lima, Hope K and Lin, Xi and Jacobi, Sheila K and Man, Caolai and Sommer, Jeffrey and Flowers, William and Blikslager, Anthony and Gonzalez, Liara and Odle, Jack}, year={2017}, month={Dec} }
 @article{jeong_nelson_niedziela_dickey_2016, title={Effect of Plant Species, Fertilizer Acidity/Basicity, and Fertilizer Concentration on pH of Soilless Root Substrate}, volume={51}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci11237-16}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to determine how plant species, fertilizer potential acidity/basicity rating (PABR), and fertilizer concentration affect root substrate pH. Three experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 13 herbaceous species were grown in a root substrate of three sphagnum peatmoss: one perlite (v/v) with deionized water and a neutral fertilizer (NF) with a PABR of 0 for 78 days to determine species relationships to substrate pH. The decrease in substrate pH ranged from 0.14 to 2.45 units, depending on species. In the second experiment, four of the 13 species from the previous trial representing the range of pH suppression were grown under similar growth conditions as the first experiment for 70 days. Substrate pH was lowered in the range of 0.47 to 2.72 units. In the third experiment, three fertilizers with PABRs of 150 kg·t−1 CaCO3 equivalent alkalinity, 0 neutral, and 193 kg·t−1 CaCO3 equivalent acidity were applied in a factorial design at 100 and 200 mg·L−1 N at each irrigation to kalanchoe (the species with the greatest pH suppression from the previous experiments) for 56 days. When applied at the lower fertilizer rate (100 mg·L−1 N), the PABRs resulted in the final substrate pH levels of 4.68, 5.60, and 6.11 for the acidic fertilizer (AF), NF, and basic fertilizer (BF), respectively. At the high fertilizer rate (200 mg·L−1 N), substrate pH declined continuously to 3.97, 4.03, and 4.92 for the AF, NF, and BF, respectively. Expression of PABR depended on the balance between the abiotic (chemical) effect of the fertilizers vs. the biotic (physiological) effects of the fertilizers on microbes and plants. The PABR was best expressed when the fertilizer supply was just adequate or lower indicating a closer connection to the biotic effect.}, number={12}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Jeong, Ka Yeon and Nelson, Paul V. and Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. and Dickey, David A.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={1596–1601} }
 @article{sommer_chavali_simpson_ayyagari_petters_2012, title={Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the pig (Sus scrofa) C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein-5 gene}, volume={18}, number={12-14}, journal={Molecular Vision}, author={Sommer, J. R. and Chavali, V. R. M. and Simpson, S. G. and Ayyagari, R. and Petters, R. M.}, year={2012}, pages={92–102} }
 @article{sommer_jackson_simpson_collins_piedrahita_petters_2012, title={Transgenic Stra8-EYFP pigs: a model for developing male germ cell technologies}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0962-8819"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11248-011-9542-6}, abstractNote={The male germ line in mammals is composed of self-renewing cells, spermatogonia, the meiotic spermatocytes and spermiogenic spermatids. Identification of these cell stages in vitro has been problematic. Transgenic animals expressing a marker gene with a promoter specific to certain cell stages in the testis would be a useful approach to identifying these cells in a viable state. Towards this end, we have produced transgenic pigs expressing mitochondrial localized enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP-mito) under control of the germ cell specific Stimulated by Retinoic Acid 8 (Stra8) promoter. Stra8 has been shown to be expressed in pre-meiotic germ cells of mice. Twelve clones harboring the Stra8-EYFP-mito transgene were produced. Analysis by Western blot indicated that expression of the transgene was limited to testicular tissue in the transgenic pigs. Single cells and seminiferous tubules were cultured in vitro and subsequently examined with epifluorescent microscopy. Expression of EYFP was noted in cells cultured for up to 5 days. Both EYFP-mito and STRA8 antibodies were shown to bind and co-localize in seminiferous tubule cells in whole mounts and in histological sections. EYFP-mito in the transgenic pigs co-localized with the endogenous stem cell marker, NANOG. Expression of the Stra8-EYFP transgene in spermatogenic cells indicates that these pigs will be useful by providing labelled cells for use in such technologies such as germ cell transplantation and in vitro spermatogenic studies.}, number={2}, journal={TRANSGENIC RESEARCH}, author={Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Jackson, Lauren R. and Simpson, Sean G. and Collins, Edwin B. and Piedrahita, Jorge A. and Petters, Robert M.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={383–392} }
 @article{sommer_wong_petters_2011, title={Phenotypic stability of Pro347Leu rhodopsin transgenic pigs as indicated by photoreceptor cell degeneration}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0962-8819"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11248-011-9491-0}, abstractNote={Rhodopsin (Pro347Leu) transgenic pigs are recognized to be an excellent model for the human disease, retinitis pigmentosa. First published in 1997, the rhodopsin transgenic pigs have been maintained since that time at North Carolina State University by outcrossing hemizygous boars to unrelated sows. Nine generations of outcrossing have been completed. Since the genetic background of these pigs has undoubtedly changed, the question of the current phenotype of the transgenic pigs is relevant for their future use. Age-matched transgenic and non-transgenic eyes were submitted for histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Even by 2 weeks of age, significant thinning of the outer nuclear layer of photoreceptors was observed. For ages 3 and 4 weeks, thinning was noted similar to that of 2 weeks of age. By 6 weeks of age outer nuclear layer thinning was greater than that of earlier age. At 11 weeks of age, most of the rods have degenerated leaving only a few layers of cones. In all, the phenotype, based on assessment of photoreceptor degeneration, is similar to that of the first description of the transgenic animals. As such the Pro347Leu rhodopsin transgenic pigs have exhibited phenotypic stability through generations of outcrossing and can be used confidently in future studies of the type of retinal degeneration seen with retinitis pigmentosa.}, number={6}, journal={TRANSGENIC RESEARCH}, author={Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Wong, Fulton and Petters, Robert M.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={1391–1395} }
 @article{sommer_estrada_collins_bedell_alexander_yang_hughes_mir_gilger_grob_et al._2011, title={Production of ELOVL4 transgenic pigs: a large animal model for Stargardt-like macular degeneration}, volume={95}, ISSN={0007-1161}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300417}, DOI={10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300417}, abstractNote={Background Truncation mutations in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids-4 (AF277094, MIM #605512) (ELOVL4) gene cause Stargardt-like macular dystrophy type 3 (STGD3). Mice expressing truncated ELOVL4 develop rapid retinal degeneration, but are poor STGD3 models since mice lack a macula. Photoreceptor topography in the pig retina is more similar to that in humans as it includes the cone rich, macula-like area centralis. The authors generated transgenic pigs expressing human disease-causing ELOVL4 mutations to better model the pathobiology of this macular disease. Methods Pronuclear DNA microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer were used to produce transgenic pigs for two different ELOVL4 mutations: the 5 base pair deletion (5 bpdel) and the 270 stop mutation (Y270terEYFP). Retinal transgene expression, morphology and electrophysiology were examined. Results The authors obtained four lines of Y270terEYFP and one line of 5 bpdel transgenic animals. Direct fluorescence microscopy indicated that the Y270terEYFP protein is expressed in photoreceptors and mislocalised within the cell. Immunohistochemical examination of transgenic pigs showed photoreceptor loss and disorganised inner and outer segments. Electroretinography demonstrated diminished responses in both transgenic models. Conclusions These transgenic pigs provide unique animal models for examining macular degeneration and STGD3 pathogenesis.}, number={12}, journal={British Journal of Ophthalmology}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Sommer, J. R. and Estrada, J. L. and Collins, E. B. and Bedell, M. and Alexander, C. A. and Yang, Z. and Hughes, G. and Mir, B. and Gilger, B. C. and Grob, S. and et al.}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={1749–1754} }
 @article{chavali_sommer_petters_ayyagari_2010, title={Identification of a Promoter for the Human C1q-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein-5 Gene Associated with Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1552-5783"]}, DOI={10.1167/iovs.10-5543}, abstractNote={PURPOSE
The Complement-1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 5 (C1QTNF5/CTRP5) gene is located in the 3' untranslated region of the Membrane Frizzled Related Protein (MFRP) gene, and these two genes are reported to be dicistronic. The authors examined the 5' upstream sequence of CTRP5 for the presence of a promoter regulating the expression of this gene.


METHODS
The sequence upstream of the translational start site of human CTRP5 (hCTRP5) was analyzed by Promoter Inspector software. A series of plasmids containing segments of hCTRP5 putative promoter sequence (-29 bp to -3.6 kb) upstream of the luciferase gene were generated. Cells were transiently transfected with these plasmids, and luciferase activity was measured. 5' RACE analysis was performed to determine the functional transcription start site. V5 tagged-pig CTRP5 (pCTRP5) gene, cloned downstream of the hCTRP5 putative promoter, was expressed in a human retinal cell line (ARPE-19) and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1) to study the functionality of the putative promoter.


RESULTS
Bioinformatic analysis identified a putative promoter region between nt -1322 and +1 sequence of hCTRP5. 5' RACE analysis revealed the presence of the transcriptional start site (TSS) at 62 bp upstream of the start codon in the CTRP5. The 1.3-kb sequence of the hCTRP5 predicted promoter produced higher levels of luciferase activity, indicating the strength of the cloned CTRP5 promoter. The promoter sequence between nt -1322 bp to -29 bp upstream of the first ATG of CTRP5 was found to be essential for this promoter activity. The predicted hCTRP5 promoter was found to control the expression of V5-tagged pCTRP5 and nuclear GFP, indicating that the promoter was functional.


CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the presence of a functional promoter for the CTRP5 gene located 5' of its start site. Understanding the regulation of CTRP5 gene transcription may provide insights into the possible role of CTRP5 in the retina and the pathology underlying late-onset retinal degeneration caused by mutations in this gene. In addition, these studies will determine whether CTRP5 and MFRP are functionally dicistronic.}, number={11}, journal={INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE}, author={Chavali, Venkata R. M. and Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Petters, Robert M. and Ayyagari, Radha}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={5499–5507} }
 @article{estrada_collins_york_bischoff_sommer_tsai_petters_piedrahita_2008, title={Successful cloning of the Yucatan minipig using commercial/occidental breeds as oocyte donors and embryo recipients}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1536-2302"]}, DOI={10.1089/clo.2008.0005}, abstractNote={The widespread application of porcine SCNT to biomedical research is being hampered by the large adult size (300-600 lbs) of the commercial breeds commonly used for SCNT. The Yucatan minipig, in contrast, has an adult weight of 140-150 lbs and a long history of utility in biomedical research. In order to combine the wide availability of commercial swine with the biomedical value of the Yucatan minipig, we utilized SCNT using the Yucatan as nuclear donors and commercial swine as both oocyte donors and recipients. Of six recipient gilts receiving 631 SCNT embryos, three went to term and delivered seven piglets, four of which survived to adulthood. Additionally, we obtained fetal fibroblasts from a cloned Yucatan and used them for a second round of SCNT. Of three recipients receiving 315 reconstructed embryos, one went to term and delivered three piglets, one of which survived to adulthood. Both microsatellite and D-loop sequence analysis confirmed that all of the piglets generated were nuclear-mitochondrial hybrids carrying Yucatan nuclear DNA and commercial breed mitochondrial DNA. This report shows that it is possible to produce viable Yucatan SCNT clones and opens up the possibility of developing valuable biomedical models in this porcine breed.}, number={2}, journal={CLONING AND STEM CELLS}, author={Estrada, Jose L. and Collins, Bruce and York, Abby and Bischoff, Steve and Sommer, Jeff and Tsai, Shengdar and Petters, Robert M. and Piedrahita, Jorge A.}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={287–296} }
 @article{estrada_sommer_collins_mir_martin_york_petters_piedrahita_2007, title={Swine generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer have increased incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1536-2302"]}, DOI={10.1089/clo.2006.0079}, abstractNote={While somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been successful in several species, many pregnancies are lost and anomalies are found in fetal and perinatal stages. In this study SCNT and artificial inseminations (AI) populations were compared for litter size, average birth weight, piglets alive at birth, stillborn, mummies, dead at the first week, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and large for gestational age (LGA). Twenty-three SCNT litters (143 individuals) were compared to 112 AI litters (1300 individuals). Litter size average was 11.5 for AI and 6.2 for SCNT. Litter weight and average birth weight adjusted by litter size were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in AI than in SCNT litters. The SCNT population had a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the number of IUGRs per litter with LSmeans 7.2 +/- 1.4 versus 19.4 +/- 3.5 and means 8.0 +/- 10.8 versus 15.5 +/- 24.5 for AI and SCNT, respectively. Additionally, there was a trend for higher postnatal mortality and stillbirths in the SCNT population. These findings demonstrate that there are some differences between SCNT-derived and AI litters. SCNT-derived pigs are excellent models to study epigenetic factors and genes involved in IUGRs, and to develop effective means to improve fetal growth in humans and animals.}, number={2}, journal={CLONING AND STEM CELLS}, author={Estrada, Jose and Sommer, Jeffrey and Collins, Bruce and Mir, Bashir and Martin, Amy and York, Abby and Petters, Robert M. and Piedrahita, Jorge A.}, year={2007}, pages={229–236} }
 @article{sommer_collins_estrada_petters_2007, title={Synchronization and superovulation of mature cycling gilts for the collection of pronuclear stage embryos}, volume={100}, ISSN={["1873-2232"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.10.010}, abstractNote={An efficient protocol was developed to synchronize and superovulate mature pigs for the collection of pronuclear stage embryos suitable for DNA microinjection. A timed and coordinated regimen of Lutalyse, PG600 and Chorulon along with daily checking for estrus allowed synchronization of groups of gilts having estrous cycles at regular intervals. Pigs 10-16 days after the beginning of standing estrus have been successfully synchronized into estrus using this protocol. A standard dose of each drug was used independent of size or age of the animal. One protocol averaged 38.9 ovulations and 31.1 one-cell embryos recovered per animal.}, number={3-4}, journal={ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE}, author={Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Collins, E. Bruce and Estrada, Jose L. and Petters, Robert M.}, year={2007}, month={Aug}, pages={402–410} }
 @article{sommer_aiderson_laible_petters_2006, title={Reporter system for the detection of in vivo gene conversion - Changing colors from blue to green using GFP variants}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1559-0305"]}, DOI={10.1385/MB:33:2:115}, abstractNote={We have devised a system for the study of in vivo gene correction based on the detection of color variants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. The intensity and spectra of the fluorescence emitted by the blue (BFP) and red-shifted (EGFP) variants of GFP differ from each other. We modified one nucleotide from an EGFP expression vector that we predicted would yield a blue variant (TAC-CAC, Tyr(66)-His(66)). Cells that were either transiently or stably transfected with the reporter system were used to test the functionality and feasibility of the detection of in vivo gene correction. A thio-protected single-stranded oligonucleotide designed to convert the genotype of the blue variant to that of the EGFP variant by the correction of a single base pair was delivered to the reporter cells using a variety of methodologies and strategies.Conversion events were easily observed using fluorescent microscopy because of the enhanced emission intensity and different spectra of the EGFP variant.}, number={2}, journal={MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Sommer, Jeffrey R. and Aiderson, On and Laible, Goetz and Petters, Robert M.}, year={2006}, month={Jun}, pages={115–121} }
 @article{su_wu_sommer_gore_petters_miller_2005, title={Conditional induction of ovulation in mice}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1529-7268"]}, DOI={10.1095/biolreprod.104.039164}, abstractNote={Abstract Follicle-stimulating hormone controls the maturation of mammalian ovarian follicles. In excess, it can increase ovulation (egg production). Reported here is a transgenic doxycycline-activated switch, tested in mice, that produced more FSHB subunit (therefore more FSH) and increased ovulation by the simple feeding of doxycycline (Dox). The transgenic switch was expressed selectively in pituitary gonadotropes and was designed to enhance normal expression of FSH when exposed to Dox, but to be regulated by all the hormones that normally control FSH production in vivo. Feeding maximally effective levels of Dox increased overall mRNA for FSHB and serum FSH by over half in males, and Dox treatment more than doubled the normal ovulation rate of female mice for up to 10 reproductive cycles. Lower levels of Dox increased the number of developing embryos by 30%. Ovarian structure and function appeared normal. In summary, gene switch technology and normal FSH regulation were combined to effectively enhance ovulation in mice. Theoretically, the same strategy can be used with any genetic switch to increase ovulation (or any highly conserved physiology) in any mammal.}, number={4}, journal={BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION}, author={Su, P and Wu, JC and Sommer, JR and Gore, AJ and Petters, RM and Miller, WL}, year={2005}, month={Oct}, pages={681–687} }
 @article{sommer_collins_neiding_rozeboom_wong_petters_2002, title={Conservation and regeneration of transgenic lines of swine by semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination}, volume={31}, number={1}, journal={Lab Animal}, author={Sommer, J. R. and Collins, E. B. and Neiding, T. and Rozeboom, K. and Wong, F. and Petters, R. M.}, year={2002}, pages={25–31} }
 @article{petters_sommer_2000, title={Transgenic animals as models for human disease}, volume={9}, ISSN={["0962-8819"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1008926303533}, abstractNote={Transgenic animals, especially mice, have been used quite extensively as models for various human diseases. At first, the level of scientific inquiry was driven by the need to establish the model. In many cases, these models may be considered quite crude because of their limitations. More recently, transgenic models of disease have become more refined and are currently being used to study the pathological mechanisms behind the disease rather than to just provide a model of the disease. Using some examples from the recent literature, we will document the current level and complexity of inquiry using transgenic animals. New techniques and techniques that may prove promising will be discussed.}, number={4-5}, journal={TRANSGENIC RESEARCH}, author={Petters, RM and Sommer, JR}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={347–351} }
 @article{petters_alexander_wells_collins_sommer_blanton_rojas_hao_flowers_banin_et al._1997, title={Genetically engineered large animal model for studying cone photoreceptor survival and degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1087-0156"]}, DOI={10.1038/nbt1097-965}, abstractNote={Patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) typically develop night blindness early in life due to loss of rod photoreceptors. The remaining cone photoreceptors are the mainstay of their vision; however, over years or decades, these cones slowly degenerate, leading to blindness. We created transgenic pigs that express a mutated rhodopsin gene (Pro347Leu). Like RP patients with the same mutation, these pigs have early and severe rod loss; initially their cones are relatively spared, but these surviving cones slowly degenerate. By age 20 months, there is only a single layer of morphologically abnormal cones and the cone electroretinogram is markedly reduced. Given the strong similarities in phenotype to that of RP patients, these transgenic pigs will provide a large animal model for study of the protracted phase of cone degeneration found in RP and for preclinical treatment trials.}, number={10}, journal={NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Petters, RM and Alexander, CA and Wells, KD and Collins, EB and Sommer, JR and Blanton, MR and Rojas, G and Hao, Y and Flowers, WL and Banin, E and et al.}, year={1997}, month={Oct}, pages={965–970} }