Jerry Wayne Spears

Works (131)

Updated: April 4th, 2024 22:06

2024 journal article

Chromium propionate in turkeys: effect on performance and animal safety

POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(1).

By: J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n, K. Flores n, K. Krafka, J. Hyda & J. Grimes n

author keywords: chromium propionate; turkeys; performance; animal safety
Source: Web Of Science
Added: January 16, 2024

2024 journal article

Chromium propionate in turkeys: effects on insulin sensitivity

POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(1).

By: J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n, K. Krafka, J. Hyda & J. Grimes n

author keywords: turkeys; chromium propionate; insulin sensitivity; glucose
Source: Web Of Science
Added: January 2, 2024

2024 journal article

Research Note: Chromium propionate for turkeys: effect on tissue chromium concentrations and human food safety

POULTRY SCIENCE, 103(1).

By: J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n, K. Krafka, J. Hyda & J. Grimesy

author keywords: turkey; chromium; tissue chromium
Source: Web Of Science
Added: December 11, 2023

2023 journal article

Dietary copper supplementation modulates performance and lipid metabolism in meat goat kids

JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE, 22(1), 214–221.

By: Z. Yan-mei*, A. De*, L. Kai-wen*, J. Spears n, S. Hai-tao*, H. Yen-ling, Y. Fa-long*

author keywords: copper; gene expression; goats; lipid metabolism; growth performance
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 27, 2023

2023 journal article

Evaluation of Trace Mineral Sources

VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE, 39(3), 413–424.

By: J. Spears n

author keywords: Trace mineral sources; Injectable trace minerals; Trace mineral boluses; Copper; Selenium; Zinc
Source: Web Of Science
Added: December 4, 2023

2023 article

The Influence of Trace Mineral Source on Rumen Trace Mineral Solubility and In-Vitro Fiber Digestion in Steers Fed a Lactating Dairy Diet

Loh, H. Y., Mezzomo, R., Gomes, D. I., Tangredi, B. V., Guimaraes, O., Gifford, R. J., … Engle, T. E. (2023, November 6). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 101, pp. 398–399.

By: H. Loh *, R. Mezzomo *, D. Gomes*, B. Tangredi*, O. Guimaraes*, R. Gifford*, A. Miller*, J. Levenson* ...

author keywords: in-vitro; trace mineral
Source: Web Of Science
Added: December 11, 2023

2022 review

INVITED REVIEW: Assessing trace mineral status in ruminants, and factors that affect measurements of trace mineral status

[Review of ]. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE, 38(3), 252–267.

By: J. Spears n, V. Brandao* & J. Heldt*

author keywords: trace mineral status; ruminants; copper; zinc; manganese; selenium
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: July 11, 2022

2022 journal article

Trace mineral source influences digestion, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal copper, zinc, and manganese distribution in steers fed a diet suitable for lactating dairy cows

ANIMAL, 16(4).

By: O. Guimaraes*, J. Wagner *, J. Spears n, V. Brandao* & T. Engle *

author keywords: Binding strength; Bioavailability; Cattle; Fiber digestibility; Mineral solubility
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Cattle; Copper; Diet / veterinary; Digestion; Edetic Acid / metabolism; Edetic Acid / pharmacology; Fatty Acids, Volatile / metabolism; Female; Fermentation; Lactation; Manganese; Rumen / metabolism; Trace Elements; Zinc / pharmacology
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: June 6, 2022

2021 journal article

Effects of supplemental zinc on ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures

Applied Animal Science, 37(1), 27–32.

By: V. Fellner n , S. Durosoy, V. Kromm & J. Spears n

author keywords: zinc; rumen; microbes; fermentation
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: October 12, 2021

2021 journal article

Trace mineral source impacts rumen trace mineral metabolism and fiber digestion in steers fed a medium-quality grass hay diet

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 99(9).

By: O. Guimaraes*, S. Jalali*, J. Wagner *, J. Spears n & T. Engle

author keywords: binding strength; copper; volatile fatty acids; zinc
MeSH headings : Animals; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Rumen; Trace Elements
TL;DR: Results indicate that Cu and Zn from HTM have low solubility in the rumen and appear to be less tightly bound to ruminal solid digesta than Cu andZn from STM. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: November 1, 2021

2020 article

Chromium propionate improves insulin sensitivity in horses following oral concentrate consumption

Spears, J. W., Siciliano, P., Pratt-Phillips, S., Lloyd, K., Goertzen, E., Krafka, K., … Rounds, W. (2020, November). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 88–88.

By: J. Spears n, P. Siciliano n , S. Pratt-Phillips  n, K. Lloyd n, E. Goertzen n, K. Krafka *, J. Hyda *, W. Rounds*

author keywords: Chromium; Insulin; glucose; horses
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 15, 2021

2020 journal article

Chromium propionate increases insulin sensitivity in horses following oral and intravenous carbohydrate administration

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 98(4).

By: J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n, P. Siciliano n , S. Pratt-Phillips  n, E. Goertzen n, S. McLeod n, J. Moore n, K. Krafka, J. Hyda, W. Rounds

author keywords: chromium propionate; glucose; horses; insulin
MeSH headings : Administration, Intravenous / veterinary; Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Glucose / drug effects; Body Weight; Carbohydrates / administration & dosage; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / blood; Glucose / metabolism; Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary; Horses / physiology; Insulin / blood; Insulin Resistance; Male; Propionates / administration & dosage; Propionates / pharmacology
TL;DR: Results of this study indicate that 2 or 4 mg Cr/d from Cr Prop increased insulin sensitivity in adult horses following oral carbohydrate consumption. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: May 26, 2020

2020 journal article

Influence of supplemental copper, manganese, and zinc source on reproduction, mineral status, and performance in a grazing beef cow-calf herd over a 2-year period

APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE, 36(5), 745–753.

By: S. Jalali*, K. Lippolis*, J. Ahola*, J. Wagner *, J. Spears n, D. Couch*, T. Engle

author keywords: cattle; free-choice mineral; pasture; intake
TL;DR: Overall productivity of grazing beef cows and their calves over a 2-yr period were similar in cattle supplemented with hydroxy or a combination of sulfate and organic trace minerals, compared with IOC-supplemented cows. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: October 26, 2020

2020 article

Influence of trace mineral source on digestion, ruminal volatile fatty acid and soluble mineral on steers fed a dairy type diet balanced to meet requirements for a high producing lactating dairy cow

Guimaraes, O., Wagner, J., Spears, J., & Engle, T. (2020, November). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 133–133.

By: O. Guimaraes*, J. Wagner *, J. Spears n & T. Engle *

author keywords: fiber digestibility; mineral solubility; cattle; trace minerals
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 8, 2021

2020 journal article

Research Note: Responses of growth performance, immune traits, and small intestinal morphology to dietary supplementation of chromium propionate in heat-stressed broilers

Poultry Science, 99(10), 5070–5073.

By: Y. Huang *, Q. Luo *, F. Xiao, X. Lin * & J. Spears n

author keywords: chromium; heat-stressed broiler; growth performance; immunity; intestinal morphology
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Chickens / growth & development; Chickens / immunology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Heat-Shock Response / drug effects; Immunity / drug effects; Intestine, Small / drug effects; Male; Propionates / pharmacology; Random Allocation
TL;DR: The results indicate that CrPro supplementation could modify the intestinal morphology of the duodenum and influence serum IgG and IgM concentrations in heat-stressed broiler chickens. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 9, 2020

2020 article

Ruminal microbiota mineral requirements to optimize performance on different diets

Spears, J. W. (2020, November). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 139–139.

By: J. Spears n

author keywords: Ruminal microorganisms; trace minerals; ruminal fermentation
TL;DR: Mineral requirements of ruminal microorganisms, and the effect of trace mineral source on ruminal fermentation are discussed, and studies have indicated lower fiber digestibility in cattle supplemented with sulfate sources of Cu, Zn, and manganese compared with those fed similar concentrations from hydroxy or certain organic sources. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 8, 2021

2020 article

The influence of trace mineral source on copper, manganese, and zinc binding strength to rumen digesta in cattle fed a high forage-based diet

Guimaraes, O., Loh, H. Y., Thorndykel, M. P., Tillquistl, N. M., Spears, J. W., & Engle, T. E. (2020, November). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 443–443.

By: O. Guimaraes*, H. Loh *, M. Thorndykel, N. Tillquistl, J. Spears n & T. Engle *

author keywords: digestibility; solubility; steers; trace minerals
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 15, 2021

2020 article

The influence of trace minerals source on copper, manganese, and zinc binding strength to rumen digesta in cattle fed a corn silage-based diet

Guimaraes, O., Loh, H. Y., Thorndyke, M. P., Tillquist, N. M., Spears, J. W., & Engle, T. E. (2020, November). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 98, pp. 442–442.

By: O. Guimaraes*, H. Loh *, M. Thorndyke*, N. Tillquist*, J. Spears n & T. Engle *

author keywords: digestibility; solubility; steers; trace minerals
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: February 15, 2021

2019 journal article

Boron, Chromium, Manganese, and Nickel in Agricultural Animal Production

BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH, 188(1), 35–44.

By: J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Agriculture; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Bone Development / drug effects; Boron / pharmacology; Chromium / pharmacology; Dietary Supplements; Manganese / pharmacology; Nickel / pharmacology; Trace Elements / pharmacology
TL;DR: This paper provides an overview of research that has been conducted with manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and boron (B) in poultry, swine, and ruminants. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: March 4, 2019

2019 journal article

Chromium propionate in broilers: human food and broiler safety

Poultry Science, 98(12), 6579–6585.

By: J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n, C. Pickworth n , Y. Huang  n, K. Krafka, J. Hyda, J. Grimes n

author keywords: chromium; broilers; tissue chromium
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Chickens / physiology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements / analysis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Food Safety; Humans; Male; Propionates / administration & dosage; Propionates / metabolism; Random Allocation; Tissue Distribution
TL;DR: Results of this study support the safety of Cr Prop in broiler diets, and indicate that Cr Prop supplementation to broilers diets at 2 or 10× the approved feeding level does not present a human health concern. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 13, 2020

2019 journal article

Effect of zinc source and concentration and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 97(3), 1286–1295.

By: A. Budde *, K. Sellins*, K. Lloyd n, J. Wagner *, J. Heldt*, J. Spears n, T. Engle*

author keywords: beef cattle; chromium; feedlot; zinc
MeSH headings : Abattoirs; Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Body Composition; Cattle / physiology; Chromium / pharmacology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Liver / metabolism; Male; Random Allocation; Zea mays; Zinc / pharmacology
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: March 18, 2019

2019 journal article

Trace mineral source influences ruminal distribution of copper and zinc and their binding strength to ruminal digesta

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 97(4), 1852–1864.

By: E. Caldera*, B. Weigel*, V. Kucharczyk*, K. Sellins*, S. Archibeque *, J. Wagner *, H. Han*, J. Spears n, T. Engle *

author keywords: digestibility; solubility; steers; trace minerals
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle / physiology; Copper / metabolism; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Male; Rumen / metabolism; Silage / analysis; Solubility; Trace Elements / metabolism; Zea mays; Zinc / metabolism
TL;DR: Results indicate that Cu and Zn from HTM have low solubility in the rumen and appear to be less tightly bound to ruminal solid digesta than Cu andZn from STM. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: April 22, 2019

2017 journal article

Bioavailability of zinc hydroxychloride relative to zinc sulfate in growing cattle fed a corn-cottonseed hull-based diet

ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 232, 1–5.

By: G. Shaeffer n, K. Lloyd n & J. Spears n

author keywords: Zinc; Zinc hydroxychloride; Zinc sulfate; Cattle
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2017 journal article

Chromium concentrations in ruminant feed ingredients

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 100(5), 3584–3590.

By: J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n & K. Krafka

author keywords: chromium; cattle; feed ingredients; ruminants
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Chromium; Diet / veterinary; Digestion; Ruminants; Silage; Zea mays
TL;DR: Much of the analyzed total Cr in feed ingredients appears to be due to Cr contamination from soil or metal contact during harvesting, processing, or both. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Chromium propionate in broilers: effect on insulin sensitivity

POULTRY SCIENCE, 95(5), 1096–1104.

By: M. Brooks n, J. Grimes n, K. Lloyd n, K. Krafka, A. Lamptey & J. Spears n

author keywords: chromium; insulin; broiler; glucose
MeSH headings : Animals; Blood Glucose / drug effects; Chickens; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / blood; Glycogen / metabolism; Insulin Resistance; Liver / metabolism; Male; Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism; Propionates / pharmacology
TL;DR: Results of this study indicate that Cr propionate supplementation of a control diet containing 0.43 to 0.45 mg Cr/kg enhanced insulin sensitivity in newly hatched male Ross broilers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Dietary Iron Deficiency and Oversupplementation Increase Intestinal Permeability, Ion Transport, and Inflammation in Pigs

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 146(8), 1499–1505.

By: Y. Li *, S. Hansen*, L. Borst n , J. Spears n & A. Moeser *

author keywords: intestinal physiology; iron; intestinal barrier function; porcine; inflammation
MeSH headings : Animals; Biological Transport; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Duodenum; Inflammation / etiology; Inflammation / metabolism; Interleukin-1beta / metabolism; Interleukin-5 / metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa / physiopathology; Ions / metabolism; Iron / administration & dosage; Iron / metabolism; Iron Deficiencies; Iron, Dietary / administration & dosage; Iron, Dietary / metabolism; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde / metabolism; Neutrophils / metabolism; Nutritional Status; Overnutrition; Permeability; Swine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
TL;DR: It is suggested that adequate but not oversupplementation of dietary iron in pigs is required to maintain intestinal barrier health and function. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Effects of Supplemental Chromium Propionate on Serum Lipids, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Heat-Stressed Broilers

Biological Trace Element Research, 176(2), 401–406.

By: F. Xiao *, D. Ao*, B. Zhou *, J. Spears n, X. Lin n & Y. Huang *

author keywords: Chromium; Heat-stressed broilers; Carcass traits; Serum lipids; Meat quality
MeSH headings : Animals; Chickens; Cholesterol, LDL / blood; Dietary Supplements; Heat Stress Disorders / blood; Heat Stress Disorders / metabolism; Hot Temperature; Male; Meat / analysis; Meat / standards; Propionates / administration & dosage; Propionates / metabolism; Propionates / pharmacology; Triglycerides / blood
TL;DR: It is indicated that CrPro supplementation could be beneficial to serum lipids metabolism of heat-stressed broiler chickens by decreasing TG and LDLC contents, but had no impacts on meat quality and carcass traits of the heat-Stressed broilers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 conference paper

History of chromium and its relationship to glucose metabolism

2016 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, 1–8.

By: J. Spears

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 article

Effect of dietary copper amount and source on copper metabolism and oxidative stress of weanling pigs in short-term feeding

Huang, Y. L., Ashwell, M. S., Fry, R. S., Lloyd, K. E., Flowers, W. L., & Spears, J. W. (2015, June). JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 93, pp. 2948–2955.

By: Y. Huang *, M. Ashwell n, R. Fry n, K. Lloyd n, W. Flowers n & J. Spears n

author keywords: copper; copper metabolism; oxidative stress; pigs
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Antioxidants / metabolism; Chlorides / pharmacology; Copper / metabolism; Copper Sulfate / pharmacology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Duodenum / metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation; Ileum / metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism; Jejunum / metabolism; Liver / metabolism; Male; Malondialdehyde / metabolism; Oxidative Stress / drug effects; RNA, Messenger / genetics; RNA, Messenger / metabolism; Swine / physiology
TL;DR: Feeding weanling pigs increased Cu resulted in modulation of duodenal and liver at the transcription level, and when fed at 225 mg Cu/kg diet, TBCC may cause less oxidative stress in the duodenum than CuSO4. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Bioavailability in chicks of zinc from zinc propionate

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 22(2), 153–159.

By: M. Brooks, J. Grimes n, K. Lloyd*, S. Verissimo n & J. Spears*

author keywords: chick; trace mineral; bioavailability; zinc propionate; zinc sulfate
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Effect of copper on performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle fatty acid composition of meat goat kids

Journal of Animal Science, 91(10), 5004–5010.

By: Y. Huang *, Y. Wang*, J. Spears n, X. Lin n & C. Guo *

author keywords: carcass characteristics; copper; fatty acid composition; meat goat kids; performance
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition / drug effects; Copper / pharmacology; Diet / veterinary; Fatty Acids / genetics; Fatty Acids / metabolism; Goats / growth & development; Goats / physiology; Male; Muscle, Skeletal / chemistry; Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism; Reference Values
TL;DR: The results indicate that JYB goats can tolerate up to 640 mg Cu/kg DM for 96 d without adverse effects on performance, but fat deposition and fatty acid composition in the body could be altered by Cu supplementation as low as 20 mg/kg of diet with high concentrate-hay. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Effect of dietary copper and breed on gene products involved in copper acquisition, distribution, and use in Angus and Simmental cows and fetuses

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 91(2), 861–871.

By: R. Fry n, J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n, A. O'Nan n & M. Ashwell n

author keywords: breed; cattle; copper; deficiency; fetus; placentome
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle / genetics; Cattle / metabolism; Copper / blood; Copper / pharmacokinetics; Copper / pharmacology; Female; Fetus / metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects; Liver / metabolism; Minerals; Pregnancy
TL;DR: Less expression of duodenal Ctr1 and a tendency for less CTR1 suggest that Simmentals have a lesser ability to absorb and utilize dietary Cu, and may explain why Simmental are more prone to Cu deficiency than Angus. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2013 journal article

Effects of quaternary benzo(c)phenanthridine alkaloids on growth performance, shedding of organisms, and gastrointestinal tract integrity in pigs inoculated with multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp

American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(12), 1530–1535.

By: R. Robbins*, V. Artuso-Ponte, A. Moeser*, W. Morrow, J. Spears* & W. Gebreyes

MeSH headings : Animals; Bacterial Shedding / drug effects; Benzophenanthridines / pharmacology; Chlortetracycline / pharmacology; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Feces / microbiology; Gastrointestinal Tract / drug effects; Growth and Development / drug effects; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella Infections, Animal / drug therapy; Swine; Swine Diseases / drug therapy; Swine Diseases / microbiology
TL;DR: QBAs and chlortetracycline decreased Salmonella spp shedding but did not differ with regard to growth performance and Gastrointestinal tract integrity was better, albeit not significantly, in pigs fed diets containing QBAs. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Amount and source of dietary copper affects small intestine morphology, duodenal lipid peroxidation, hepatic oxidative stress, and mRNA expression of hepatic copper regulatory proteins in weanling pigs

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 90(9), 3112–3119.

By: R. Fry n, M. Ashwell n, K. Lloyd n, A. O'Nan n, W. Flowers n, K. Stewart n, J. Spears n

author keywords: copper; copper proteins; mucosal histology; oxidative stress; pigs
MeSH headings : Animals; Copper / metabolism; Copper / pharmacology; Duodenum / drug effects; Duodenum / metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects; Intestinal Mucosa / drug effects; Lipid Peroxidation / drug effects; Liver / metabolism; Male; Malondialdehyde / metabolism; Oxidative Stress / drug effects; RNA, Messenger / genetics; RNA, Messenger / metabolism; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary; Swine / blood; Swine / metabolism
TL;DR: Results of this study indicated that, when fed at 225 mg Cu/kg diet, TBCC may cause less oxidative stress in the duodenum than CuSO(4), and feeding weanling pigs increased Cu resulted in modulation of certain Cu transporters and chaperones at the transcription level. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Chromium propionate enhances insulin sensitivity in growing cattle

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 95(4), 2037–2045.

By: J. Spears n, C. Whisnant n, G. Huntington n, K. Lloyd n, R. Fry n, K. Krafka, A. Lamptey, J. Hyda

author keywords: chromium; insulin sensitivity; cattle
MeSH headings : Animals; Blood Glucose / analysis; Cattle / growth & development; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / blood; Female; Glucose / administration & dosage; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin / blood; Propionates / administration & dosage; Zea mays
TL;DR: Results indicate that Cr Prop supplementation increased tissue sensitivity to insulin in growing heifers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2012 journal article

Relative bioavailability in chicks of manganese from manganese propionate

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH, 21(1), 126–130.

By: M. Brooks, J. Grimes n, K. Lloyd*, F. Valdez & J. Spears*

author keywords: bioavailability; chick; manganese; manganese propionate; trace mineral
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Effect of dietary boron on physiological responses in growing steers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1

RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 90(1), 78–83.

By: R. Fry n, T. Brown n, K. Lloyd n, S. Hansen n, L. Legleiter n, W. Robarge n, J. Spears n

author keywords: Boron; Cattle; BHV-1; Acute phase proteins; Cytokines; Plasma B
MeSH headings : Acute-Phase Reaction; Animal Feed / analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Temperature; Boron / pharmacology; Cattle; Cytokines / blood; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating / drug effects; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / immunology; Male; Time Factors; Weight Gain / drug effects
TL;DR: Dairy B did not affect the duration and severity of clinical signs of BHV-1 and had minimal effects on plasma acute phase proteins and cytokines and Supplementation of B increased plasma B concentrations in a dose-responsive manner. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (Web of Science)
3. Good Health and Well-being (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Investigation of breed and sex effects on cytochrome P450 gene expression in cattle liver

RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, 90(2), 235–237.

By: M. Ashwell n, R. Fry n, J. Spears n, A. O'Nan n & C. Maltecca n 

Contributors: M. Ashwell n, R. Fry n, J. Spears n, . A.T. O'Nan n & C. Maltecca n 

author keywords: Cytochrome P450; Cattle; Gene expression; Liver
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle / genetics; Cattle / metabolism; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / genetics; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / metabolism; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / physiology; Liver / enzymology; Male; Sex Characteristics
TL;DR: Breed and/or sex of an animal may need to be considered before administering a dose of a xenobiotic due to the potential for harmful drug residues in foodstuffs as well as improper treatment of disease conditions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 6, 2018

2011 journal article

Tolerance of cattle to increased dietary sulfur and effect of dietary cation-anion balance

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 89(8), 2502–2509.

By: J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n & R. Fry n

author keywords: cattle; copper; selenium; sulfur
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Cattle / growth & development; Copper / blood; Copper / metabolism; Diet / veterinary; Liver; Male; Sulfur / adverse effects; Sulfur / metabolism; Zinc / blood
TL;DR: It is indicated that steers fed growing diets can tolerate up to 0.46% S with minimum effects on performance, and increasing DCAB did not prevent these depressions. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Age and Dietary Iron Affect Expression of Genes Involved in Iron Acquisition and Homeostasis in Young Pigs

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 140(2), 271–277.

By: S. Hansen n, N. Trakooljul n, J. Spears n & H. Liu n

MeSH headings : Aging / genetics; Aging / physiology; Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / genetics; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / metabolism; Cation Transport Proteins / genetics; Cation Transport Proteins / metabolism; Down-Regulation; Duodenum / metabolism; Gene Expression / drug effects; Hemoglobins / metabolism; Hepcidins; Homeostasis; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism; Iron / blood; Iron / metabolism; Iron, Dietary / blood; Iron, Dietary / pharmacology; Iron-Binding Proteins / genetics; Iron-Binding Proteins / metabolism; Liver / metabolism; Male; Myocardium / metabolism; RNA, Messenger / metabolism; Receptors, Transferrin / genetics; Receptors, Transferrin / metabolism; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Scavenger Receptors, Class A / genetics; Scavenger Receptors, Class A / metabolism; Swine
TL;DR: New roles in Fe metabolism for several mineral metabolism-associated genes are indicated and some of these genes may be regulated in response to dietary Fe in pigs, suggesting age dependency of Fe metabolism in pigs. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Ctr1 Is an Apical Copper Transporter in Mammalian Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Vivo That Is Controlled at the Level of Protein Stability

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 285(42), 32385–32392.

By: Y. Nose *, L. Wood*, B. Kim*, J. Prohaska*, R. Fry n, J. Spears n, D. Thiele*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Effect of dietary boron on immune function in growing beef steers*

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION, 94(3), 273–279.

By: R. Fry n, K. Lloyd n, S. Jacobi n, P. Siciliano n , W. Robarge n & J. Spears n

author keywords: cattle; boron; immunoglobulins; cytokines; lymphocytes
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Boron / administration & dosage; Boron / blood; Boron / pharmacology; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / immunology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Phytohemagglutinins / immunology; Time Factors; Weight Gain
TL;DR: Results from this study indicate that supplemental B had minimal effects on immune function and did not affect performance of growing steers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Effects of supplementing dairy cows with chromium propionate on milk and tissue chromium concentrations

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 93(10), 4774–4780.

By: K. Lloyd n, V. Fellner n , S. McLeod n, R. Fry n, K. Krafka, A. Lamptey, J. Spears n

author keywords: chromium; dairy cattle; milk; tissue
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle / metabolism; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Female; Milk / chemistry; Propionates / administration & dosage
TL;DR: Supplementation of Cr Prop at a level of 2 mg of Cr/kg of DM did not affect Cr concentration in milk, muscle, or fat, the major bovine products consumed by humans. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Effects of water quality and dietary potassium on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 88(1), 296–305.

By: J. Sexson*, J. Wagner *, T. Engle * & J. Spears n

author keywords: cation-anion balance; potassium carbonate; potassium chloride; water quality
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition / drug effects; Cattle / growth & development; Diet / veterinary; Drinking; Male; Potassium, Dietary / pharmacology; Water / pharmacology; Water Purification; Water-Electrolyte Balance / drug effects
TL;DR: Improved efficiency and energy recovery may be related to a reduction in the liver abscess rate for steers consuming 1.0% K-K(2)CO(3) and NE(g) recovery but negatively related to marbling score (P = 0.04). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

High dietary iron reduces transporters involved in iron and manganese metabolism and increases intestinal permeability in calves

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 93(2), 656–665.

By: S. Hansen n, M. Ashwell n, A. Moeser n, R. Fry n, M. Knutson * & J. Spears n

author keywords: cattle; iron; manganese; metal transporter
MeSH headings : Animals; Body Weight / physiology; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Diet / veterinary; Duodenum / chemistry; Duodenum / drug effects; Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects; Heart / drug effects; Iron / analysis; Iron / blood; Iron / metabolism; Iron, Dietary / metabolism; Iron, Dietary / pharmacology; Liver / drug effects; Liver / metabolism; Male; Manganese / analysis; Manganese / blood; Manganese / metabolism; Membrane Transport Proteins / metabolism; Myocardium / chemistry; Oxidative Stress / drug effects
TL;DR: Feeding calves a diet high in Fe induced a signal cascade (hepcidin) designed to reduce absorption of Fe (via reduced protein expression of ferroportin and DMT1) in a manner similar to that reported in rodents. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 journal article

Proteins involved in iron metabolism in beef cattle are affected by copper deficiency in combination with high dietary manganese, but not by copper deficiency alone

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 88(1), 275–283.

By: S. Hansen n, N. Trakooljul n, H. Liu n, J. Hicks n, M. Ashwell n & J. Spears n

author keywords: cattle; copper; iron; metal transporter
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cation Transport Proteins / genetics; Cation Transport Proteins / metabolism; Cattle; Copper / blood; Copper / deficiency; Diet / veterinary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects; Iron / metabolism; Male; Manganese / administration & dosage; Manganese / pharmacology
TL;DR: It is confirmed that Cu deficiency alone did affect hepatic gene expression of hepcidin and ferroportin, but did not affect duodenal expression of proteins important in Fe metabolism, however, the addition of 500 mg of Mn/kg of DM to a diet low in Cu reduced duodentally expression of the Fe import protein DMT1. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Bioaccessibility of iron from soil is increased by silage fermentation

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 92(6), 2896–2905.

By: S. Hansen n & J. Spears n

author keywords: bioavailability; cattle; iron; silage
MeSH headings : Abomasum / metabolism; Animals; Cattle; Fermentation / physiology; Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism; Iron / pharmacokinetics; Least-Squares Analysis; Rumen / metabolism; Silage / analysis; Soil / analysis; Time Factors; Zea mays / metabolism
TL;DR: It is suggested that soil contamination of harvested feeds before ensiling may represent a major source of bioavailable Fe in the diets of cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Iron Transporters Are Differentially Regulated by Dietary Iron, and Modifications Are Associated with Changes in Manganese Metabolism in Young Pigs

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 139(8), 1474–1479.

By: S. Hansen n, N. Trakooljul n, H. Liu n, A. Moeser n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / metabolism; Cation Transport Proteins / genetics; Cation Transport Proteins / metabolism; Copper / metabolism; Dietary Supplements; Duodenum / metabolism; Gene Expression; Hemoglobins / metabolism; Hepcidins; Ion Transport / drug effects; Iron / metabolism; Iron, Dietary / pharmacology; Liver / metabolism; Male; Manganese / metabolism; Swine; Trace Elements / pharmacology; Weight Gain / drug effects
TL;DR: Fe deficiency in pigs increased gene expression of duodenal metal transporters and supplementation with H-Fe reduced expression of DMT1 and ZIP14, which may have decreased absorption of Mn. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

Technical note: Copper chaperone for copper, zinc superoxide dismutase: A potential biomarker for copper status in cattle

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 87(12), 4161–4166.

By: J. Hepburn*, J. Arthington *, S. Hansen n, J. Spears n & M. Knutson *

author keywords: acute-phase reaction; cattle; chaperone protein; copper
MeSH headings : Animals; Biomarkers / analysis; Biomarkers / blood; Blotting, Western / veterinary; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Ceruloplasmin / analysis; Copper / analysis; Copper / blood; Copper / deficiency; Female; Haptoglobins / analysis; Liver / chemistry; Liver / enzymology; Male; Molecular Chaperones / analysis; Molecular Chaperones / blood; Superoxide Dismutase / analysis; Superoxide Dismutase / blood
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that bovine erythrocyte and liver CCS protein levels increase in Cu-deficient cattle and does not change after a vaccine-induced inflammatory response, suggesting that unlike ceruloplasmin, CCS may be a reliable indicator of Cu status in cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2009 journal article

The addition of high manganese to a copper-deficient diet further depresses copper status and growth of cattle

BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 101(7), 1068–1078.

By: S. Hansen n, M. Ashwell n, L. Legleiter n, R. Fry n, K. Lloyd n & J. Spears n

author keywords: Cattle; Copper; Growth; Manganese
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight / drug effects; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Copper / deficiency; Cyclooxygenase 1 / genetics; Depression, Chemical; Female; Gene Expression / drug effects; Liver / metabolism; Male; Manganese / administration & dosage; Manganese / analysis; Nutritional Status; Random Allocation; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods; Superoxide Dismutase / genetics; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Time Factors
TL;DR: In conclusion, feeding a Cu − deficient diet in combination with high Mn negatively affected the growth and Cu status of beef cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Bioavailability of copper from copper glycinate in steers fed high dietary sulfur and molybdenum

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 86(1), 173–179.

By: S. Hansen n, P. Schlegel, L. Legleiter n, K. Lloyd n & J. Spears n

author keywords: bioavailability; cattle; copper glycinate; copper sulfate; growth
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biological Availability; Cattle; Copper / pharmacokinetics; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycine / pharmacokinetics; Male; Molybdenum / pharmacology; Organometallic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Sulfur / pharmacology
TL;DR: Results of this study suggest that Cu from CuGly may be more available than CuSO(4) when supplemented to diets high in S and Mo. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Copper deficiency in the young bovine results in dramatic decreases in brain copper concentration but does not alter brain prion protein biology

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 86(11), 3069–3078.

By: L. Legleiter n, J. Spears n & H. Liu n

author keywords: bovine; copper; manganese; prion
MeSH headings : Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain Stem / enzymology; Brain Stem / metabolism; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Copper / deficiency; Copper / metabolism; Diet / veterinary; Female; Liver / metabolism; Male; Manganese / analysis; Manganese / metabolism; Peptide Hydrolases / metabolism; Pregnancy; Prions / metabolism; Prions / physiology; Random Allocation; Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism; Time Factors
TL;DR: Although obex Cu was decreased because of Cu deficiency and Mn increased because of exposure to high dietary Mn, the obex metal imbalance had minimal effects on PrP(c) functional characteristics in the calves. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Interaction of calcium and phytate in broiler diets. 1. Effects on apparent prececal digestibility and retention of phosphorus

POULTRY SCIENCE, 87(3), 449–458.

By: P. Plumstead n, A. Leytem*, R. Maguire*, J. Spears n, P. Kwanyuen* & J. Brake n

author keywords: broiler; phosphorus; soybean meal; phytate; environment
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Calcium, Dietary / administration & dosage; Calcium, Dietary / pharmacology; Chickens / growth & development; Chickens / metabolism; Digestion / drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Ileum / metabolism; Intestinal Absorption / drug effects; Male; Nutritive Value; Phosphorus, Dietary / pharmacokinetics; Phytic Acid / administration & dosage; Phytic Acid / pharmacology; Random Allocation; Soybeans
TL;DR: It is suggested that increased dietary Ca reduced the extent of phytate P hydrolysis and P digestibility and that the optimum Ca:NPP ratio at which P retention was maximized was reduced when diets contained less phytte P. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows

Veterinary Journal, 176(1), 70–76.

By: J. Spears & W. Weiss

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 journal article

Uptake of zinc from zinc sulfate and zinc proteinate by ovine ruminal and omasal epithelia

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 86(6), 1357–1363.

By: C. Wright n, J. Spears n & K. Webb*

author keywords: rumen; omasum; parabiotic; proteinate; zinc
MeSH headings : Absorption; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epithelial Cells / metabolism; Male; Omasum / metabolism; Random Allocation; Rumen / metabolism; Sheep / metabolism; Zinc / pharmacokinetics; Zinc Radioisotopes; Zinc Sulfate / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The results of the current experiments suggest that absorption of Zn into the bloodstream does not occur from the ruminant foresto-mach; however, Zn uptake occurs in ruminal tissue and is greater from ZnProt than from ZNSO(4). (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Decreased brain copper due to copper deficiency has no effect on bovine prion proteins

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, 352(4), 884–888.

By: L. Legleiter n, J. Ahola*, T. Engle * & J. Spears n

author keywords: bovine; brain; copper; prion protein; copper deficiency; bovine spongiform encephalopathy
MeSH headings : Animals; Brain / metabolism; Cattle; Copper / deficiency; Copper / metabolism; Manganese / metabolism; Molecular Weight; Prion Diseases / metabolism; Prions / metabolism; Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
TL;DR: Copper status affected bovine brain Cu concentrations but had no detectable effects on brain prion protein characteristics, and Cu status did not affect prionproteinase degradability. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and protein on early growth responses of broilers to dietary lysine

POULTRY SCIENCE, 86(12), 2639–2648.

By: P. Plumstead n, H. Romero-Sanchez*, N. Paton, J. Spears n & J. Brake n

author keywords: broiler; protein; lysine; amino acid; metabolizable energy
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens / growth & development; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Fats / pharmacology; Dietary Proteins / pharmacology; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism / physiology; Female; Lysine / pharmacology; Male
TL;DR: Two studies evaluated effects of metabolizable energy (ME), digestible Lys (dLys), and amino acid (AA) balance on broiler performance and confirmed that the dLys requirement of broilers was dependent on the dietary CP. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Effects of tribasic copper chloride versus copper sulfate provided in corn- and molasses-based supplements on forage intake and copper status of beef heifers

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 85(3), 871–876.

By: J. Arthington & J. Spears n

author keywords: copper; heifer; cattle; corn; molasses
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biological Availability; Cattle / physiology; Chlorides / administration & dosage; Chlorides / pharmacology; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / analysis; Copper / metabolism; Copper / pharmacology; Copper Sulfate / administration & dosage; Copper Sulfate / metabolism; Copper Sulfate / pharmacology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Feeding Behavior / drug effects; Feeding Behavior / physiology; Female; Liver / chemistry; Liver / metabolism; Molasses; Zea mays
TL;DR: The data imply that CuSO(4) and TBCC are of similar availability when offered to growing beef heifers in both corn- and molasses-based supplements, however, corn-and- molassed supplements appear to affect Cu metabolism differently and may affect voluntary forage DMI in growing Beef Heifers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Exposure to low dietary copper or low copper coupled with high dietary manganese for one year does not alter brain prion protein characteristics in the mature cow

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 85(11), 2895–2903.

By: L. Legleiter n, H. Liu n, K. Lloyd n, S. Hansen n, R. Fry n & J. Spears n

author keywords: bovine; copper; manganese; prion
MeSH headings : Animals; Blotting, Western / veterinary; Brain / metabolism; Cattle; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / deficiency; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / metabolism; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary; Female; Manganese / administration & dosage; Molecular Weight; Prions / drug effects; Prions / pathogenicity; Random Allocation
TL;DR: It is concluded that Cu deficiency, coupled with excessive Mn intake, in the bovine may decrease brain Cu and increase brain Mn. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 journal article

Plasma diamine oxidase: A biomarker of copper deficiency in the bovine

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 85(9), 2198–2204.

By: L. Legleiter n & J. Spears n

author keywords: cattle; copper deficiency; diamine oxidase
MeSH headings : Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / blood; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / metabolism; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biomarkers / blood; Biomarkers / metabolism; Cattle / blood; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Ceruloplasmin / metabolism; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / blood; Copper / deficiency; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Liver / metabolism; Male; Manganese / administration & dosage; Molybdenum / administration & dosage; Nutritional Status; Sensitivity and Specificity; Weight Gain / drug effects
TL;DR: Fresh plasma DAO activity, a relatively simple assay, may serve as an effective tool to diagnose Cu deficiency in the bovine. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Effect of chromium supplementation and copper status on glucose and lipid metabolism in Angus and Simmental beef cows

ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 128(3-4), 253–265.

By: H. Stahlhut n, C. Whisnant n, K. Lloyd n, E. Baird n, L. Legleiter n, S. Hansen n, J. Spears n

author keywords: chromium; cattle; copper; glucose tolerance
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Effect of chromium supplementation and copper status on performance and reproduction of beef cows

ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 128(3-4), 266–275.

By: H. Stahlhut n, C. Whisnant n & J. Spears n

author keywords: chromium; cattle; reproduction; performance
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Effects of a slow-release urea source on absorption of ammonia and endogenous production of urea by cattle

ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 130(3-4), 225–241.

By: G. Huntington n, D. Harmon *, N. Kristensen, K. Hanson* & J. Spears n

author keywords: steers; urea; ammonia; rumen
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Feeding a low manganese diet to heifers during gestation impairs fetal growth and development

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 89(11), 4305–4311.

By: S. Hansen n, J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n & C. Whisnant n

author keywords: fetal development; heifer; manganese; reproduction
MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Body Weight / drug effects; Cattle / physiology; Cholesterol / blood; Diet / veterinary; Female; Fetal Development / drug effects; Fetal Development / physiology; Lactation; Manganese / administration & dosage; Manganese / blood; Manganese / deficiency; Pregnancy
TL;DR: Results suggest that feeding gestating heifers a diet containing 16.6 mg of Mn/kg of DM is not adequate for proper fetal development, and Supplementation of 50 mg ofmn/ kg of DM to the control diet was sufficient to overcome any signs of Mn deficiency in calves. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Growth, reproductive performance, and manganese status of heifers fed varying concentrations of manganese

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 84(12), 3375–3380.

By: S. Hansen n, J. Spears n, K. Lloyd n & C. Whisnant n

author keywords: cattle; growth; manganese; reproduction
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Manganese / pharmacology; Reproduction / drug effects; Trace Elements / pharmacology
TL;DR: Results of this study indicate that 15.8 mg of Mn/kg of diet DM should be adequate for growth, onset of estrus, and conception of beef heifers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 journal article

Influence of cobalt concentration on vitamin B-12 production and fermentation of mixed ruminal microorganisms grown in continuous culture flow-through fermentors

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 84(3), 635–640.

By: M. Tiffany n, V. Fellner n  & J. Spears n

author keywords: cobalt; ruminal culture; succinate; vitamin B-12
MeSH headings : Ammonia / analysis; Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Cattle / physiology; Cobalt / administration & dosage; Cobalt / pharmacology; Culture Techniques / instrumentation; Culture Techniques / veterinary; Fatty Acids, Volatile / analysis; Female; Fermentation / drug effects; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / drug effects; Methane / biosynthesis; Rumen / chemistry; Rumen / drug effects; Rumen / microbiology; Succinic Acid / analysis; Vitamin B 12 / analysis; Vitamin B 12 / biosynthesis
TL;DR: Results indicate that a total (diet plus supplemental) Co concentration of 0.15 mg/kg of dietary DM resulted in adequate vitamin B12 production to meet the requirements of ruminal microorganisms fed a high-concentrate diet in continuous-flow fermentors. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Differential responses to dietary cobalt in finishing steers fed corn-versus barley-based diets

Journal of Animal Science, 83(11), 2580–2589.

By: M. Tiffany n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Body Composition / drug effects; Cattle / growth & development; Cobalt / administration & dosage; Cobalt / pharmacology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid / blood; Hordeum / metabolism; Male; Rumen / metabolism; Vitamin B 12 / blood; Weight Gain; Zea mays / metabolism
TL;DR: It is indicated that feeding steers corn- or barley-based diets deficient in Co adversely affects performance and vitamin B12 status. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

Influence of dietary manganese on performance, lipid metabolism, and carcass composition of growing and finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 83(10), 2434–2439.

By: L. Legleiter n, J. Spears n & K. Lloyd n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed / analysis; Animals; Body Composition / drug effects; Body Weight / drug effects; Cattle / physiology; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Lipid Metabolism / drug effects; Male; Manganese / administration & dosage; Manganese / analysis; Manganese / pharmacology; Random Allocation
TL;DR: Manganese concentrations of 29 and 8 mg/kg of DM in the growing and finishing diets, respectively, were adequate for maximizing performance ofgrowing and finishing steers in this experiment. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 journal article

The effect of early weaning on feedlot performance and measures of stress in beef calves

Journal of Animal Science, 83(4), 933–939.

By: J. Arthington *, J. Spears n & D. Miller n

MeSH headings : Animal Husbandry / methods; Animals; Body Composition / physiology; Body Weight; Cattle / growth & development; Ceruloplasmin / analysis; Feeding Methods / standards; Feeding Methods / veterinary; Haptoglobins / analysis; Male; Random Allocation; Stress, Physiological / veterinary; Time Factors; Transportation; Weaning
TL;DR: The data imply that early weaned calves, which are maintained onsite before shipping, may be more tolerant to the stressors associated with transportation and feed yard entry. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Bioavailability of copper from tribasic copper chloride and copper sulfate in growing cattle

ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 116(1-2), 1–13.

By: J. Spears n, E. Kegley n & L. Mullis n

author keywords: copper; steers; bioavailability
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organic zinc sources and their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SCIENCE, 90(2-3), 211–217.

By: J. Spears n, P. Schlegel, M. Seal n & K. Lloyd n

author keywords: cattle; organic zinc; zinc
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and,cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs

Journal of Animal Science, 82(4), 1234–1240.

By: T. Armstrong*, D. Cook, M. Ward, C. Williams* & J. Spears*

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Effect of dietary trace mineral concentration and source (inorganic vs. chelated) on performance, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in pigs from weaning through finishing

Journal of Animal Science, 82(7), 2140–2147.

By: B. Creech n, J. Spears n, W. Flowers n, G. Hill *, K. Lloyd n, T. Armstrong n, T. Engle n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chelating Agents / pharmacology; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / metabolism; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feces / chemistry; Female; Iron / administration & dosage; Iron / metabolism; Manganese / administration & dosage; Manganese / metabolism; Nutritional Status; Random Allocation; Swine / growth & development; Swine / metabolism; Trace Elements / administration & dosage; Trace Elements / metabolism; Weaning; Zinc / administration & dosage; Zinc / metabolism
TL;DR: Reducing the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe typically supplemented to pig diets will greatly decrease fecal mineral excretion without negatively affecting pig performance from weaning through development. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Effect of finishing system (feedlot or pasture), high-oil maize, and copper on conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids in muscle of finishing steers

Animal Science (Penicuik, Scotland), 78(2), 261–269.

By: T. Engle & J. Spears

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Effect of zinc source and dietary level on zinc metabolism in Holstein calves

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 87(4), 1085–1091.

By: C. Wright n & J. Spears n

author keywords: zinc; proteinate; bioavailability; cattle
MeSH headings : Alkaline Phosphatase / blood; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle / metabolism; Chelating Agents; Diet; Duodenum / chemistry; Hoof and Claw / chemistry; Kidney / chemistry; Liver / chemistry; Male; Metallothionein / analysis; Proteins / administration & dosage; Zinc / administration & dosage; Zinc / analysis; Zinc / pharmacokinetics; Zinc Sulfate / administration & dosage
TL;DR: Plasma and tissue Zn concentrations at harvest were generally similar in calves supplemented with 20 mg of Zn/kg from ZnSO4 or ZnProt, however, when supplemented at 500mg of ZN/kg, Zn Prot was absorbed to a greater extent than Zn SO4, based on higher plasma, liver, duodenal, and kidney Zn concentration. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Effects of dietary zinc on performance and immune response of growing pigs inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 17(10), 1438–1446.

By: E. Roberts, E. Heugten, J. Spears*, P. Routh*, K. Lloyd & G. Almond* 

author keywords: pigs; PRRSv; zinc; growth; immune response
TL;DR: The data suggest that PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae act to produce some performance deficits and the influence of Zn supplementation of nursery age pigs does not have clear effect in grower pigs affected with disease. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2004 journal article

Growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma minerals, and fecal mineral excretion in grower-finisher swine fed diets with levels of trace minerals lower than common industry levels

Journal of Swine Health and Production, 12(5), 237–241.

By: E. Van Heugten, P. O'Quinn, D. Funderburke, W. Flowers & J. Spears

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Advances in mineral nutrition for ruminants studied

Feedstuffs, 75(29), 12.

By: J. Spears

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Effect of boron supplementation of pig diets on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma

Journal of Animal Science, 81(10), 2552–2561.

By: T. Armstrong n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animals; Boron / administration & dosage; Boron / pharmacology; Dietary Supplements; Inflammation / blood; Inflammation / immunology; Inflammation / veterinary; Injections, Intramuscular / veterinary; Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis; Interferon-gamma / drug effects; Kinetics; Lipopolysaccharides / immunology; Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology; Phytohemagglutinins / immunology; Phytohemagglutinins / pharmacology; Random Allocation; Swine / immunology; Swine Diseases / blood; Swine Diseases / immunology; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / biosynthesis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / drug effects
TL;DR: The data indicate that dietary B supplementation increased the production of cytokines following a stress, which indicates a role of B in the immune system; however, these data do not explain the reduction in localized inflammation following an antigen challenge in pigs. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Effect of copper source and level on performance and copper status of cattle consuming molasses-based supplements

Journal of Animal Science, 81(6), 1357–1362.

By: J. Arthington *, F. Pate* & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biological Availability; Body Weight / drug effects; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Ceruloplasmin / metabolism; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / chemistry; Copper / pharmacokinetics; Cottonseed Oil; Cynodon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Intestinal Absorption; Liver / chemistry; Liver / metabolism; Male; Molasses; Nutritional Status; Paspalum; Random Allocation
TL;DR: The data suggest that the inorganic and organic Cu sources evaluated in these studies were of similar availability when offered in molasses supplements, and a dietary Cu concentration greater than 10 ppm might be necessary to ensure absorption in beef cattle fed molasses-based supplements. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Effects of breed (Angus vs Simmental) and copper and zinc source on mineral status of steers fed high dietary iron

Journal of Animal Science, 81(1), 318–322.

By: L. Mullis n, J. Spears n & R. McCraw n

MeSH headings : Animals; Biological Availability; Breeding; Cattle / genetics; Cattle / metabolism; Ceruloplasmin / metabolism; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / blood; Copper / pharmacokinetics; Copper Sulfate / administration & dosage; Iron, Dietary / administration & dosage; Iron, Dietary / metabolism; Liver / chemistry; Liver / enzymology; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Random Allocation; Zinc / administration & dosage; Zinc / blood; Zinc / pharmacokinetics; Zinc Sulfate / administration & dosage
TL;DR: Results indicate that neither CuSO4 nor CuProt were effective at the supplemental concentrations evaluated in alleviating the adverse effect of high Fe on Cu status. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Effects of high dietary calcium propionate and dietary cation-anion balance on calcium metabolism and longissimus muscle tenderness in finishing steers

Professional Animal Scientists, 19(6), 424.

By: J. Spears*, T. Engle*, W. Platter*, K. Lloyd*, K. Belk* & J. Horton n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Effects of organic forms of zinc on growth performance, tissue zinc distribution, and immune response of weanling pigs

Journal of Animal Science, 81(8), 2063–2071.

By: E. Heugten  n, J. Spears n, E. Kegley*, J. Ward* & M. Qureshi n

MeSH headings : Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Lysine / administration & dosage; Lysine / pharmacokinetics; Macrophage Activation / drug effects; Male; Methionine / administration & dosage; Methionine / analogs & derivatives; Methionine / pharmacokinetics; Organ Size / drug effects; Organometallic Compounds / administration & dosage; Organometallic Compounds / pharmacokinetics; Random Allocation; Swine / growth & development; Swine / immunology; Swine / metabolism; Tissue Distribution; Zinc / administration & dosage; Zinc / chemistry; Zinc / pharmacokinetics; Zinc Sulfate / administration & dosage; Zinc Sulfate / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: The level of ZN recommended by NRC for weanling pigs was sufficient for optimal growth performance and immune responses, although macrophage function may be enhanced at greater levels of Zn. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Estimated copper requirements of Angus and Simmental heifers

Journal of Animal Science, 81(4), 865–873.

By: L. Mullis n, J. Spears n & R. McCraw n

MeSH headings : Animals; Breeding; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / blood; Copper / metabolism; Diet / veterinary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Lactation / metabolism; Lactation / physiology; Liver / chemistry; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal / metabolism; Pregnancy, Animal / physiology; Random Allocation
TL;DR: Results suggest that Angus heifers have a lower minimal Cu requirement than Simmental, and Cu supplementation of the control diet increased plasma Cu during gestation and greatly increased liver Cu in both breeds. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Influence of dietary cobalt source and concentration on performance, vitamin B12 status, and ruminal and plasma metabolites in growing and finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 81(12), 3151–3159.

By: M. Tiffany n, J. Spears n, L. Xi n  & J. Horton

MeSH headings : Animals; Biological Availability; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Cobalt / administration & dosage; Cobalt / pharmacokinetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Rumen / metabolism; Vitamin B 12 / blood; Vitamin B 12 / metabolism; Weight Gain
TL;DR: The results suggest that finishing steers require approximately 0.15 mg Co/kg of DM, whereas other carcass characteristics were not affected by dietary Co, and average daily gain and feed efficiency did not differ among Co-supplemented steers. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2003 journal article

Trace mineral bioavailability in ruminants

Journal of Nutrition, 133(5), 1506S–1509.

By: J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Biological Availability; Calcium / pharmacokinetics; Diet; Ruminants; Sulfur / pharmacokinetics; Trace Elements / pharmacokinetics; Zinc / pharmacokinetics
TL;DR: Dietary factors that affect bioavailability of zinc in ruminants are not well defined, and limited research suggests that high dietary calcium and phosphorus may reduce manganese absorption. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Dietary zinc effects on growth performance and immune response of endotoxemic growing pigs

ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 15(10), 1496–1501.

By: E. Roberts  n, E. Heugten  n, K. Lloyd n, G. Almond n  & J. Spears n

author keywords: pigs; zinc; immune response
TL;DR: Zinc supplemented at 50 or 150 ppm resulted in an enhanced febrile response in pigs subjected to iatrogenic endotoxemia, but did not affect pig performance or immune response measurements. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Effect of zinc source (zinc oxide vs zinc proteinate) and level on performance, carcass characteristics, and immune response of growing and finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 80(10), 2747–2752.

By: J. Spears n & E. Kegley n

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Iron methionine as a source of iron for the neonatal pig

NUTRITION RESEARCH, 22(10), 1209–1217.

By: E. Kegley*, J. Spears n, W. Flowers n & W. Schoenherr n

author keywords: iron; anemia; pig
TL;DR: Iron methionine given orally was a safe, effective source of Fe, but a single oral dose of FeMet was not equivalent to injectable Fe, and utilization was greatest when given at 3 d compared to at birth. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2002 journal article

Long-term effects of boron supplementation on reproductive characteristics and bone mechanical properties in gilts

Journal of Animal Science, 80(1), 154–161.

By: T. Armstrong n, W. Flowers n, J. Spears n & F. Nielsen*

MeSH headings : Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone and Bones / chemistry; Bone and Bones / drug effects; Bone and Bones / physiology; Boron / pharmacology; Dietary Supplements; Female; Male; Random Allocation; Reproduction / drug effects; Reproduction / physiology; Swine / metabolism; Swine / physiology
TL;DR: Results indicate that B may have beneficial effects upon reproductive and bone characteristics in gilts, which may be related to increased bone turnover in B-supplemented gilts. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Copper status, serum cholesterol, and milk fatty acid profile in Holstein cows fed varying concentrations of copper

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 84(10), 2308–2313.

By: T. Engle n, V. Fellner n  & J. Spears n

author keywords: copper; liver; milk fatty acids; serum cholesterol
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle / blood; Cattle / physiology; Cholesterol / blood; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / blood; Copper / pharmacokinetics; Copper / toxicity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fats / analysis; Fatty Acids / analysis; Female; Liver / metabolism; Milk / chemistry; Milk / cytology; Milk Proteins / analysis; Random Allocation
TL;DR: The results indicate that Cu supplementation alters lipid metabolism in high producing dairy cows and thatCu supplementation at 40 mg/kg of DM for 61 d can elevate liver Cu concentrations to levels considered to be marginally toxic in dairy cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Dietary phosphorus and an inflammatory challenge affect performance and immune function of weanling pigs

Journal of Animal Science, 79(2), 413–419.

By: E. Kegley n, J. Spears n & S. Auman*

MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies / blood; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary; Female; Immunity / drug effects; Linear Models; Lipopolysaccharides / immunology; Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology; Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects; Lymphocyte Activation / immunology; Lymphocytes / drug effects; Male; Phosphorus, Dietary / blood; Phosphorus, Dietary / immunology; Phosphorus, Dietary / pharmacology; Phytohemagglutinins / immunology; Phytohemagglutinins / pharmacology; Pokeweed Mitogens / immunology; Pokeweed Mitogens / pharmacology; Skinfold Thickness; Swine / immunology; Swine / metabolism; Swine / physiology
TL;DR: Increasing supplemental P increased ADG and enhanced cell-mediated immune response but decreased humoral immune response, in conclusion. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Effect of dietary boron on growth performance, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone mechanical properties in growing barrows

Journal of Animal Science, 79(12), 3120–3127.

By: T. Armstrong n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone and Bones / physiology; Boron / administration & dosage; Boron / metabolism; Calcium / metabolism; Femur / physiology; Male; Phosphorus / metabolism; Random Allocation; Swine / growth & development; Swine / metabolism
TL;DR: The data indicate that B supplementation to pigs can increase growth and bone strength without greatly affecting Ca and P metabolism. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Effect of pharmacological concentrations of dietary copper on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in pigs

NUTRITION RESEARCH, 21(9), 1299–1308.

By: T. Armstrong n, J. Spears n, T. Engle n & M. See n

Contributors: T. Armstrong n, J. Spears n, T. Engle n & M. See n

author keywords: copper; lipid metabolism; cholesterol metabolism; pigs
TL;DR: It is indicated that pharmacological concentrations of Cu have little effect on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in the Cu-adequate pig. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Effect of ruminal protein degradability on growth and N metabolism in growing beef steers

Journal of Animal Science, 79(2), 533–541.

By: G. Huntington n, M. Poore n, B. Hopkins n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Ammonia / urine; Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage; Dietary Proteins / metabolism; Drug Combinations; Estradiol / administration & dosage; Estradiol / analogs & derivatives; Fatty Acids, Volatile / analysis; Gastrointestinal Contents / chemistry; Least-Squares Analysis; Linear Models; Male; Nitrogen / blood; Nitrogen / metabolism; Nitrogen / urine; Progesterone / administration & dosage; Random Allocation; Rumen / metabolism; Rumen / physiology; Silage; Urea / blood; Urea / urine; Weight Gain
TL;DR: Protein supplementation of growing steers can be managed to maintain acceptable ADG yet decrease excretion of urea in the urine, as evidenced by lower concentrations of Urea in blood and lower UUN. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Inflammatory response, growth, and thyroid hormone concentrations are affected by long-term boron supplementationin gilts

Journal of Animal Science, 79(6), 1549–1556.

By: T. Armstrong n, J. Spears n & K. Lloyd n

MeSH headings : Alkaline Phosphatase / blood; Animal Husbandry / methods; Animals; Borates / pharmacology; Boron / administration & dosage; Boron / pharmacology; Cholesterol / blood; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Female; Inflammation / veterinary; Random Allocation; Swine / growth & development; Swine Diseases / blood; Thyroid Hormones / blood; Thyroxine / blood; Triiodothyronine / blood; Weaning
TL;DR: Results indicate that B may affect serum thyroid hormone concentrations, the inflammatory response, and growth in pigs. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2001 journal article

Performance, carcass characteristics, and lipid metabolism in growing and finishing Simmental steers fed varying concentrations of copper

Journal of Animal Science, 79(11), 2920–2925.

By: T. Engle n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Cholesterol / metabolism; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / blood; Copper Sulfate / administration & dosage; Diet; Lipid Metabolism; Liver / chemistry; Male; Muscle, Skeletal / chemistry; Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism; Random Allocation; Reproduction
TL;DR: It is indicated that Cu supplementation given to Simmental steers increased Cu status but had no effect on performance, carcass characteristics, or lipid or cholesterol metabolism. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 article

Boron supplementation of a semipurified diet for weanling pigs improves feed efficiency and bone strength characteristics and alters plasma lipid metabolites

Armstrong, T. A., Spears, J. W., Crenshaw, T. D., & Nielsen, F. H. (2000, October). JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, Vol. 130, pp. 2575–2581.

By: T. Armstrong n, J. Spears n, T. Crenshaw * & F. Nielsen *

author keywords: boron; bone; cholesterol; triglycerides; pigs
MeSH headings : Alkaline Phosphatase / blood; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone and Bones / physiology; Boron / administration & dosage; Calcium / blood; Cholesterol / blood; Female; Femur / chemistry; Femur / physiology; Lipids / analysis; Lipids / blood; Magnesium / blood; Male; Phosphorus / blood; Swine / physiology; Triglycerides / blood; Weaning
TL;DR: Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of dietary boron (B) on performance, plasma minerals and metabolites, and bone characteristics in young pigs, and B supplementation of a low B diet elicited responses of physiologic importance to pigs. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism and circulating catecholamine concentrations in finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 78(10), 2737–2744.

By: T. Engle n, J. Spears n, L. & F. Edens n

MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue / metabolism; Animal Feed; Animals; Catecholamines / blood; Cattle / metabolism; Copper / pharmacology; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Liver / metabolism; Male; Weight Gain
TL;DR: Results indicate that Cu addition to a finishing diet containing 5 mg Cu/kg DM alters lipid metabolism in steers, and the reduction in backfat depth may be due to copper altering catecholamine metabolism in Steers. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism, performance, and ruminal fermentation in finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 78(9), 2452–2458.

By: T. Engel & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animals; Body Weight; Cattle / growth & development; Copper / pharmacology; Diet; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / pharmacology; Fermentation; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Random Allocation; Rumen / metabolism
TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of dietary Cu concentration on lipid metabolism and ruminal fermentation in Angus steers indicates that addition of 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg to a high-concentrate diet containing 4.9 mg Cu /kg DM alters lipid and cholesterol metabolism in steers but does not affectRuminal fermentation. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Effect of copper source (cupric citrate vs cupric sulfate) and level on growth performance and copper metabolism in pigs

ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 13(8), 1154–1161.

By: T. Armstrong*, J. Spears*, E. Heugten, T. Engle* & C. Wright*

author keywords: copper; growth; liver; bile; bioavailability; pigs
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Effect of dietary copper level on performance and copper status of growing meat goats

Sheep & Goat Research Journal, 16(2000), 65–71.

By: J. Luginbuhl, M. Poore, J. Spears & T. Brown

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Effects of dietary copper concentration and source on performance and copper status of growing and finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 78(9), 2446–2451.

By: T. Engle & J. Spears

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Effects of dietary copper source and concentration on carcass characteristics and lipid and cholesterol metabolism in growing and finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 78(4), 1053–1059.

By: T. Engle n, J. Spears n, T. Armstrong n, C. Wright n & J. Odle n 

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / metabolism; Cholesterol / metabolism; Copper / pharmacology; Fatty Acids / metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Liver / metabolism; Male; Meat; Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
TL;DR: It is indicated that as little as 20 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet can reduce backfat and serum cholesterol and increase muscle polyunsaturated fatty acids in steers fed high-concentrate diets. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Effects of soybean oil and dietary copper on ruminal and tissue lipid metabolism in finishing steers

Journal of Animal Science, 78(10), 2713–2721.

By: T. Engle n, J. Spears n, V. Fellner n  & J. Odle n 

MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue / metabolism; Animals; Cattle / metabolism; Cholesterol / metabolism; Copper / pharmacology; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Muscles / metabolism; Rumen / drug effects; Rumen / metabolism; Soybean Oil / pharmacology
TL;DR: It is indicated that as little as 20 mg of supplemental Cu/kg DM can reduce backfat and may alter lipid metabolism in steers fed high-concentrate diets. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

High dietary copper improves odor characteristics of swine waste.

Journal of Animal Science, 78(4), 859.

By: T. Armstrong n, C. Williams n, J. Spears n & S. Schiffman* 

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Citrates / pharmacology; Copper Sulfate / pharmacology; Dietary Supplements; Feces; Odorants; Swine / metabolism; Waste Management / methods
TL;DR: Data indicate an improvement in odor characteristics of swine waste with the supplementation of Cu, and lower concentrations of an organic nonsulfate Cu source resulted in similar odor characteristics in swine Waste as 225 ppm CuSO4. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
6. Clean Water and Sanitation (OpenAlex)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 article

Micronutrients and immune function in cattle

Spears, J. W. (2000, November). PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY, Vol. 59, pp. 587–594.

By: J. Spears n

author keywords: immune responses; trace elements; vitamins
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle; Chromium / deficiency; Chromium / pharmacology; Cobalt / deficiency; Cobalt / pharmacology; Copper / deficiency; Copper / pharmacology; Immunity / drug effects; Micronutrients / deficiency; Micronutrients / pharmacology; Selenium / deficiency; Selenium / pharmacology; Vitamin A / pharmacology; Vitamin E / pharmacology; Zinc / deficiency; Zinc / pharmacology
TL;DR: A number of studies have indicated that Cr supplementation may improve cell-mediated and humoral immune response as well as resistance to respiratory infections in stressed cattle, and marginal Zn deficiency does not appear to impair antibody production or lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogen stimulation in ruminants. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2000 journal article

Peptide YY administration decreases brain aluminum in the Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model

Growth, Development, & Aging, 64(1-2), 3–19.

By: B. Berg, J. Croom, J. Fernandez, J. Spears, E. Eisen, I. Taylor, L. Daniel, B. Coles, F. Boeheim, P. Mannon

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 journal article

Chromium and cattle nutrition

JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, 12(2), 141–147.

By: E. Kegley* & J. Spears n

author keywords: chromium; cattle; glucose metabolism
TL;DR: Supplementation of chromium has increased blood glucose clearance rates following intravenous infusions of glucose and/or insulin in some studies with calves, however, one experiment with lactating cows indicated that supplemental chromium decreased sensitivity to insulin. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 journal article

Effect of breed (Angus Vs Simmental) on immune function and response to a disease challenge in stressed steers and preweaned calves

Journal of Animal Science, 77(3), 516–521.

By: T. Engle n, J. Spears n, T. Brown n & K. Lloyd n

MeSH headings : Animals; Body Temperature; Breeding; Cattle / classification; Cattle / immunology; Eating; Erythrocytes / immunology; Female; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulins / biosynthesis; Male; Phytohemagglutinins / immunology; Stress, Physiological / immunology; Swine; Weight Gain
TL;DR: Results indicate that the immune response of Angus and Simmental calves may differ and breed did affect cell-mediated immune response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 journal article

Reevaluation of the metabolic essentiality of the minerals - Review

ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 12(6), 1002–1008.

By: J. Spears*

author keywords: minerals; macrominerals; microminerals; chromium; boron
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1999 journal article

The effects of low-copper diets with or without supplemental molybdenum on specific immune responses of stressed cattle

Journal of Animal Science, 77(1), 230–237.

By: J. Ward n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Antibody Formation; Cattle; Cattle Diseases / immunology; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / blood; Copper / deficiency; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Immunity, Cellular; Male; Molybdenum / administration & dosage; Orchiectomy / veterinary; Stress, Physiological / immunology; Stress, Physiological / veterinary; Wound Healing / immunology
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate that Cu deficiency and 5 mg of supplemental Mo/kg of DM do not dramatically alter the specific immunity of stressed cattle. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Effects of dietary copper and molybdenum on copper status, cytokine production, and humoral immune response of calves

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 81(12), 3286–3292.

By: G. Gengelbach n & J. Spears n

author keywords: copper; molybdenum; calves; immune response
MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies / blood; Antibody Formation; Cattle; Cattle Diseases / immunology; Cells, Cultured; Ceruloplasmin / metabolism; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / deficiency; Copper / metabolism; Cytokines / biosynthesis; Diet; Erythrocytes / enzymology; Erythrocytes / immunology; Immunoglobulin M / blood; Interleukin-1 / biosynthesis; Liver / metabolism; Male; Molybdenum / administration & dosage; Superoxide Dismutase / blood; Swine; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / biosynthesis
TL;DR: Calves fed the Cu and Mo diets gained weight more efficiently than those fed the control and Cu + Mo diets during the 112-d study and had a more severe Cu deficiency based on depressed humoral immune response and superoxide dismutase activity. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1998 journal article

Influence of level and source (inorganic vs organic) of zinc supplementation on immune function in growing lambs

ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 11(2), 139–144.

By: E. Droke, G. Gengelbach* & J. Spears*

author keywords: zinc; zinc methionine; zinc oxide; immune function; lambs
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 journal article

Effect of shipping and chromium supplementation on performance, immune response, and disease resistance of steers

Journal of Animal Science, 75(7), 1956–1964.

By: E. Kegley n, J. Spears n & T. Brown n

MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis; Antibodies, Viral / immunology; Blood Glucose / analysis; Body Temperature / physiology; Cattle / blood; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / immunology; Chromium / administration & dosage; Chromium / pharmacology; Food Deprivation / physiology; Food, Fortified; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / immunology; Hydrocortisone / blood; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulin G / blood; Immunoglobulin M / blood; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / immunology; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / prevention & control; Male; Random Allocation; Transportation; Water Deprivation / physiology
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 journal article

Effects of copper deficiency and copper deficiency coupled with high dietary iron or molybdenum on phagocytic cell function and response of calves to a respiratory disease challenge

Journal of Animal Science, 75(4), 1112–1118.

By: G. Gengelbach n, J. Ward n, J. Spears n & T. Brown n

MeSH headings : Aging / metabolism; Aging / physiology; Animals; Body Temperature / drug effects; Body Temperature / physiology; Cattle / blood; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Cattle Diseases / metabolism; Cattle Diseases / physiopathology; Ceruloplasmin / analysis; Ceruloplasmin / metabolism; Copper / blood; Copper / deficiency; Copper / pharmacology; Diet / veterinary; Eating / drug effects; Eating / physiology; Female; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / physiology; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / metabolism; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / physiopathology; Iron, Dietary / pharmacology; Leukocyte Count / drug effects; Macrophages / drug effects; Macrophages / physiology; Mannheimia haemolytica / physiology; Molybdenum / pharmacology; Neutrophils / drug effects; Neutrophils / physiology; Pasteurella Infections / metabolism; Pasteurella Infections / physiopathology; Pasteurella Infections / veterinary; Phagocytes / drug effects; Phagocytes / physiology; Phagocytosis / drug effects; Phagocytosis / physiology; Pregnancy; Superoxide Dismutase / analysis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
TL;DR: The data indicate that dietary levels of Mo and Cu can affect body temperature and feed intake responses to disease by affecting TNF and perhaps other cytokines. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 journal article

Immune response and growth of stressed weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium

Journal of Animal Science, 75(2), 409–416.

By: E. Heugten  n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / pharmacology; Animals; Antibodies / metabolism; Cell Division / drug effects; Cell Division / physiology; Chromium / administration & dosage; Chromium / pharmacology; Diet / standards; Diet / veterinary; Eating / drug effects; Eating / physiology; Erythrocytes / immunology; Escherichia coli / metabolism; Food, Fortified; Hydrocortisone / blood; Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology; Lymphocytes / cytology; Lymphocytes / drug effects; Lymphocytes / physiology; Ovalbumin / immunology; Phytohemagglutinins / pharmacology; Pokeweed Mitogens / pharmacology; Random Allocation; Skin / anatomy & histology; Skin / drug effects; Swine / blood; Swine / growth & development; Swine / immunology; Weight Gain / drug effects; Weight Gain / physiology
TL;DR: Data suggest that Cr supplementation was not beneficial during immune stress in pigs, and lymphocyte blastogenic response before and after ACTH administration was investigated. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: NC State University Libraries, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 journal article

Long-term effects of consumption of low-copper diets with or without supplemental molybdenum on copper status, performance, and carcass characteristics of cattle

Journal of Animal Science, 75(11), 3057–3065.

By: J. Ward n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Abattoirs; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Composition / drug effects; Body Composition / physiology; Cattle / blood; Cattle / growth & development; Cattle / physiology; Ceruloplasmin / analysis; Ceruloplasmin / metabolism; Copper / administration & dosage; Copper / analysis; Copper / blood; Diet / veterinary; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemoglobins / analysis; Injections / methods; Injections / veterinary; Liver / chemistry; Male; Molybdenum / administration & dosage; Molybdenum / pharmacology; Superoxide Dismutase / blood; Time Factors
TL;DR: The results of this experiment suggest that dietary Cu concentrations may alter cattle performance and carcass characteristics. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 journal article

Performance and glucose metabolism in calves fed a chromium-nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE, 80(8), 1744–1750.

By: E. Kegley n, J. Spears n & J. Eisemann n

author keywords: chromium; calves; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance
MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Blood Glucose / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Chlorides / administration & dosage; Chromium / administration & dosage; Chromium Compounds / administration & dosage; Diet; Insulin / administration & dosage; Insulin / blood; Kinetics; Niacin / administration & dosage; Weight Gain
TL;DR: Calves fed diets supplemented with CrCl3 or the Cr-nicotinic acid complex had lower plasma glucose concentrations at 45 to 180 min after an i.v. infusion of glucose, but the glucose clearance rate after glucose infusion was not affected by Cr supplementation. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 conference paper

Relationship between nutrition and immune response

Tri-state dairy nutrition conference. Proceedings. Sponsored by Michigan State University, Purdue University, and Ohio State University, 1997, (1997), 1–11.

By: J. Spears

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1997 journal article

The effects of copper deficiency with or without high dietary iron or molybdenum on immune function of cattle

Journal of Animal Science, 75(5), 1400–1408.

By: J. Ward n, G. Gengelbach n & J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cattle / immunology; Cattle / physiology; Colostrum / chemistry; Copper / deficiency; Copper / pharmacology; Copper / physiology; Diet / veterinary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Immune System / drug effects; Immune System / physiology; Immunoglobulin G / analysis; Immunoglobulin G / blood; Iron, Dietary / pharmacology; Liver / chemistry; Liver / physiology; Lymphocyte Activation / physiology; Lymphocytes / drug effects; Lymphocytes / physiology; Male; Mitogens / pharmacology; Molybdenum / pharmacology; Phytohemagglutinins / pharmacology
TL;DR: Copper deficiency and Cu deficiency coupled with high dietary Mo or Fe produced inconsistent immune function responses, indicating that Cu deficiency may not affect specific immune function of calves. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1996 article

Beef nutrition in the 21st century

Spears, J. W. (1996, April). ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 58, pp. 29–35.

By: J. Spears n

TL;DR: The use of nutrients to enhance immunity and thus prevent disease will become increasingly important in the future because of increasing pressure to restrict the use of antibiotics to treat or prevent disease. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1996 article

Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition

Spears, J. W. (1996, April). ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 58, pp. 151–163.

By: J. Spears n

TL;DR: This paper defines the various types (complexes, amino acid chelates and proteinates) of organic trace minerals commercially available and reviews research regarding their bioavailability and effects on physiological responses in ruminants. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
2. Zero Hunger (OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1994 journal article

Minerals in forages

Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, 281.

By: J. Spears n

UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
15. Life on Land (OpenAlex)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1992 journal article

The effects of antibiotic prophylaxis on postoperative complications after rumenotomy in cattle

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 200(9), 1332–1335.

By: M. Haven, J. Wichtel, D. Bristol, J. Fetrow & J. Spears

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1991 journal article

Effects of zinc methionine and zinc oxide on performance, blood characteristics, and antibody titer response to viral vaccination in stressed feeder calves

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 199(12), 1731.

By: J. Spears, R. Harvey & T. Brown

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1990 journal article

IONOPHORES AND NUTRIENT DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION IN RUMINANTS

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 120(6), 632–638.

By: J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animals; Digestion / drug effects; Intestinal Absorption / drug effects; Ionophores / pharmacology; Minerals / metabolism; Nitrogen / metabolism; Ruminants / metabolism
TL;DR: The effect of ionophores on fiber digestibility appears to depend on diet composition and source of fiber because both increases and decreases in Fiber digestibility have been associated with ionophore feeding. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1989 journal article

Influence of lysocellin and monensin on mineral metabolism of steers fed forage-based diets

Journal of Animal Science, 67(8), 2140.

By: J. Spears n, B. Schricker n & J. Burns n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology; Calcium / metabolism; Cattle / metabolism; Copper / metabolism; Ethers / pharmacology; Furans; Ionophores / pharmacology; Magnesium / metabolism; Male; Minerals / metabolism; Monensin / pharmacology; Phosphorus / metabolism; Potassium / metabolism; Zinc / metabolism
TL;DR: Results indicate that lysocellin and monensin alter apparent absorption and retention of certain minerals in steers fed forage-based diets. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1989 journal article

Lysocellin effects on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in steers fed forage diets

Journal of Animal Science, 67(2), 547.

By: J. Spears n, J. Burns n & G. Wolfrom n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle / growth & development; Digestion / drug effects; Ethers / pharmacology; Fermentation / drug effects; Furans; Ionophores / pharmacology; Male; Nitrogen / metabolism; Rumen / drug effects
TL;DR: Data indicate that lysocellin results in major alterations in ruminal fermentation and can increase growth performance and N retention in steers fed forage-based diets. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
14. Life Below Water (OpenAlex)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1989 journal article

Zinc methionine for ruminants: Relative bioavailability of zinc in lambs and effects of growth and performance of growing heifers

Journal of Animal Science, 67(3), 835.

By: J. Spears n

MeSH headings : Animal Feed; Animals; Biological Availability; Body Weight / drug effects; Cattle / metabolism; Cattle / physiology; Diet; Female; Food, Fortified; Male; Methionine / pharmacokinetics; Methionine / pharmacology; Random Allocation; Sexual Maturation / drug effects; Sheep / growth & development; Sheep / metabolism; Zinc / blood; Zinc / pharmacokinetics; Zinc Oxide / pharmacokinetics; Zinc Oxide / pharmacology
TL;DR: No differences in Zn availability were detected between the two Zn sources, and growth rate and animal performance, plasma Zn and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, and the influence of supplementing Zn as ZnO or ZnMet of growth performance and Zn status were determined. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

1984 journal article

PERFORMANCE, RUMINAL AND SERUM CHARACTERISTICS OF STEERS FED LASALOCID ON PASTURE

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 58(2), 460–464.

By: J. Spears n & R. Harvey n

MeSH headings : Animals; Blood Glucose / metabolism; Body Weight / drug effects; Calcium / blood; Cattle / physiology; Fatty Acids, Volatile / metabolism; Food Additives; Lasalocid / pharmacology; Magnesium / blood; Male; Minerals / blood; Potassium / blood; Rumen / drug effects; Rumen / metabolism; Sodium / blood
TL;DR: Seventy-two growing steers were used in a 126-d study to determine the influence of varying levels of lasalocid on performance, ruminal and serum characteristics of animals grazing pasture. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

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