Kylie Danielle Rock

Works (14)

Updated: July 21st, 2025 14:37

2025 article

Variability of Mercury Concentrations Across Species, Brand, and Tissue Type in Processed Commercial Seafood Products

Rock, K. D., Bhoothapuri, S., Lassiter, E., Segedie, L., & Belcher, S. M. (2025, May 23). Toxics, Vol. 13.

By: K. Rock n, S. Bhoothapuri  n, E. Lassiter n, L. Segedie & S. Belcher n 

author keywords: mercury; seafood; canned food; fish; tuna
topics (OpenAlex): Mercury impact and mitigation studies; Meat and Animal Product Quality; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 30, 2025

2024 article

Quantitative cross-species comparison of serum albumin binding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from five structural classes

Starnes, H. M., Jackson, T. W., Rock, K. D., & Belcher, S. M. (2024, March 20). Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 3.

By: H. Starnes n, T. Jackson n, K. Rock n & S. Belcher n 

author keywords: binding affinity; differential scanning fluorimetry; in vitro; PFAS; species extrapolation
MeSH headings : Animals; Cattle; Humans; Rats; Fluorocarbons / chemistry; Fluorocarbons / toxicity; Fluorocarbons / metabolism; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin / metabolism; Serum Albumin / chemistry; Serum Albumin, Human / metabolism; Serum Albumin, Human / chemistry; Species Specificity; Swine
topics (OpenAlex): Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research; Methemoglobinemia and Tumor Lysis Syndrome; Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
15. Life on Land (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: March 22, 2024

2023 article

Domestic Dogs and Horses as Sentinels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure and Associated Health Biomarkers in Gray’s Creek North Carolina

Rock, K. D., Polera, M. E., Guillette, T. C., Starnes, H. M., Dean, K., Watters, M., … Belcher, S. M. (2023, June 21). Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 57, pp. 9567–9579.

By: K. Rock n, M. Polera n, T. Guillette*, H. Starnes n, K. Dean, M. Watters, D. Stevens-Stewart, S. Belcher n 

author keywords: canine; drinking water; equine; fluoroether; One Health; nafion by-product 2; GenX chemicals; PFOA; PFOS
topics (OpenAlex): Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Air Quality and Health Impacts
TL;DR: The utility of companion animal and livestock species as sentinels of PFAS exposure differences inside and outside of the home is supported, as in humans, renal and hepatic health in domestic animals may be sensitive to long-term PFAS exposures. (via Semantic Scholar)
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6. Clean Water and Sanitation (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 21, 2023

2023 article

Extracellular vesicles are dynamic regulators of maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy

Zierden, H. C., Marx-Rattner, R., Rock, K. D., Montgomery, K. R., Anastasiadis, P., Folts, L., & Bale, T. L. (2023, March 20). Scientific Reports.

By: H. Zierden *, R. Marx-Rattner*, K. Rock n, K. Montgomery *, P. Anastasiadis *, L. Folts *, T. Bale *

MeSH headings : Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Mice; Placenta / metabolism; Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism; Fetus; Glucose / metabolism; Homeostasis
topics (OpenAlex): Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies; Reproductive System and Pregnancy; Extracellular vesicles in disease
TL;DR: An intravenous elevation in EVs, matching the concentration of EVs during pregnancy, shifted non-pregnant female glucose sensitivity, blunted glucose variance, and improved synchrony of glucose uptake, suggest an important and novel role for circulating EVs as homeostatic regulators important in maternal health during pregnancy. (via Semantic Scholar)
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3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: May 30, 2023

2022 article

Comparative assessment of blood mercury in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from Coastal North Carolina and Florida

Belcher, S. M., Guillette, M. P., Robb, F., & Rock, K. D. (2022, August 3). Ecotoxicology, Vol. 8.

By: S. Belcher n , M. Guillette n, F. Robb * & K. Rock n

author keywords: Bioaccumulation; Biomonitoring; Ecotoxicology; Mercury; Metals; Reptile
MeSH headings : Alligators and Crocodiles; Animals; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Florida; Humans; Mercury / analysis; North Carolina
topics (OpenAlex): Mercury impact and mitigation studies; Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
TL;DR: It is revealed that local environmental factors greatly impact Hg bioaccumulation in alligators, and findings that reaffirm local contaminant biomonitoring in alligator populations will be critical for affective management and determination of guidelines for safe consumption of harvested alligators. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 3, 2022

2022 article

Maternal organophosphate flame retardant exposure alters the developing mesencephalic dopamine system in fetal rat

Newell, A. J., Kapps, V. A., Cai, Y., Rai, M. R., Armour, G. S., Horman, B. M., … Patisaul, H. B. (2022, December 22). Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 191, pp. 357–373.

By: A. Newell n, V. Kapps n, Y. Cai  n, M. Rai n, G. Armour n, B. Horman n, K. Rock n, S. Witchey n, A. Greenbaum n, H. Patisaul n 

author keywords: neurodevelopment; monoamine; OPFR; OPE; flame retardants; neurotransmitters; neurotoxicity; neurotoxicology; prenatal; reproductive and developmental toxicology; mesocortical dopamine system; tissue clearing light sheet microscopy.
MeSH headings : Animals; Female; Male; Rats; Dopamine / metabolism; Fetal Development / drug effects; Flame Retardants / toxicity; Maternal Exposure / adverse effects; Neurotoxicity Syndromes / etiology; Organophosphates / toxicity; Serotonin / metabolism
topics (OpenAlex): Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
TL;DR: Results indicate maternal exposure to OPFRs alters the development trajectory of the embryonic dopaminergic system and adds to growing evidence of OPFR developmental neurotoxicity. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: February 12, 2024

2020 article

Developmental Exposure to the Flame Retardant Mixture Firemaster 550 Compromises Adult Bone Integrity in Male but not Female Rats

Macari, S., Rock, K. D., Santos, M. S., Lima, V. T. M., Szawka, R. E., Moss, J., … Patisaul, H. B. (2020, April 7). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 21.

By: S. Macari *, K. Rock n, M. Santos *, V. Lima*, R. Szawka *, J. Moss n, B. Horman n, H. Patisaul n 

author keywords: obesogen; endocrine disrupting chemicals; sex difference; adipose; trabecular; cortical bone; ppar gamma
MeSH headings : Animals; Bone and Bones / drug effects; Cellular Reprogramming / drug effects; Dust / analysis; Environmental Monitoring / methods; Female; Flame Retardants / adverse effects; Halogenation / drug effects; Lactation / drug effects; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells / drug effects; Organophosphates / adverse effects; Polybrominated Biphenyls / adverse effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar
topics (OpenAlex): Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment; Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
TL;DR: The fact that the phenotype was observed months after exposure suggests that FM 550 altered some fundamental aspect of mesenchymal stem cell reprogramming, and the severity of the phenotype and the human-relevance of the dose employed, affirm this is an adverse outcome meriting further exploration. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: June 15, 2020

2020 article

Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Flame Retardants on Placental Gene Expression and Serotonergic Innervation in the Fetal Rat Brain

Rock, K. D., Armour, G. S., Horman, B., Phillips, A., Ruis, M., Stewart, A. K., … Patisaul, H. B. (2020, March 30). Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 176, pp. 203–223.

By: K. Rock n, G. Armour n, B. Horman n, A. Phillips *, M. Ruis*, A. Stewart n, D. Jima n, D. Muddiman n , H. Stapleton *, H. Patisaul n 

author keywords: endocrine disruptors; endocrine toxicology; flame retardants; metabolome; neurotoxicity; developmental; neurotoxicology; neurotransmitter; developmental toxicity; prenatal; reproductive and developmental toxicology; developmental/teratology
MeSH headings : Animals; Brain / drug effects; Female; Fetal Development; Fetus; Flame Retardants / toxicity; Gene Expression; Humans; Male; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Placenta / metabolism; Plasticizers; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serotonin / metabolism
topics (OpenAlex): Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
TL;DR: Findings suggest that OPFRs have the potential to impact the 5-HTergic system in the fetal forebrain by disrupting placental Trp metabolism. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: December 14, 2020

2020 article

Heterozygous mutation of sonic hedgehog receptor (Ptch1) drives cerebellar overgrowth and sex-specifically alters hippocampal and cortical layer structure, activity, and social behavior in female mice

Jackson, T. W., Bendfeldt, G. A., Beam, K. A., Rock, K. D., & Belcher, S. M. (2020, February 27). Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol. 78.

By: T. Jackson n, G. Bendfeldt  n, K. Beam n, K. Rock n & S. Belcher n 

Contributors: T. Jackson n, G. Bendfeldt  n, K. Beam n, K. Rock n & S. Belcher n 

author keywords: Cerebellum; Cortex; Holoprosencephaly; Hyperactivity; Medial prefrontal cortex; Medulloblastoma; Sex differences
MeSH headings : Animals; Cerebellum / anatomy & histology; Cerebellum / physiology; Cerebral Cortex / anatomy & histology; Cerebral Cortex / physiology; Female; Heterozygote; Hippocampus / anatomy & histology; Hippocampus / physiology; Mice, Knockout; Mutation; Patched-1 Receptor / genetics; Patched-1 Receptor / physiology; Sex Characteristics; Signal Transduction; Social Behavior
topics (OpenAlex): Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies; Congenital Ear and Nasal Anomalies; Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
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Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: April 14, 2020

2019 article

PBDEs Concentrate in the Fetal Portion of the Placenta: Implications for Thyroid Hormone Dysregulation

Ruis, M. T., Rock, K. D., Hall, S. M., Horman, B., Patisaul, H. B., & Stapleton, H. M. (2019, September 25). Endocrinology, Vol. 160, pp. 2748–2758.

By: M. Ruis*, K. Rock n, S. Hall *, B. Horman n, H. Patisaul n  & H. Stapleton  n

MeSH headings : Animals; Female; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / pharmacokinetics; Humans; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins / metabolism; Placenta / metabolism; Pregnancy; Rats, Wistar; Thyroid Hormones / metabolism
topics (OpenAlex): Birth, Development, and Health; Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research; Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
TL;DR: The placenta is a significant modifier of fetal exposures, and that polybrominated diphenyl ethers are impacting TH regulation in a sex-specific manner during this critical window of development. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 27, 2020

2019 journal article

Sex-specific behavioral effects following developmental exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in Wistar rats

NeuroToxicology, 75, 136–147.

By: K. Rock n, S. Gillera n , P. Devarasetty  n, B. Horman n, G. Knudsen *, L. Birnbaum *, S. Fenton* , H. Patisaul n 

author keywords: brain; anxiety; endocrine disruptions; sex differences; hyperactivity; neural; sexually dimorphic; neurotoxic; flame retardants; elevated plus maze; neurodevelopment
MeSH headings : Animals; Behavior, Animal / drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endocrine Disruptors / toxicity; Flame Retardants / toxicity; Maze Learning / drug effects; Motor Activity / drug effects; Polybrominated Biphenyls / toxicity; Rats; Rats, Wistar / growth & development; Sex Factors
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that exposure to environmental contaminants, like TBBPA, can have sex-specific effects on behavior highlighting the vulnerability of the developing brain. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID, Crossref
Added: December 16, 2019

2018 article

EDC IMPACT: Molecular effects of developmental FM 550 exposure in Wistar rat placenta and fetal forebrain

Rock, K. D., Horman, B., Phillips, A. L., McRitchie, S. L., Watson, S., Deese-Spruill, J., … al. (2018, January 20). Endocrine Connections, Vol. 7, pp. 305–324.

By: K. Rock n, B. Horman n, A. Phillips *, S. McRitchie *, S. Watson *, J. Deese-Spruill*, D. Jima n, S. Sumner  n ...

author keywords: endocrine disruptors; flame retardants; behavior; serotonin; sexually dimorphic; EDC; brain
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Air Quality and Health Impacts
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that environmental contaminants, like FM 550, have the potential to impact the developing brain by disrupting normal placental functions. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2018 article

IR-MALDESI mass spectrometry imaging of underivatized neurotransmitters in brain tissue of rats exposed to tetrabromobisphenol A

Bagley, M. C., Ekelöf, M., Rock, K., Patisaul, H., & Muddiman, D. C. (2018, October 13). Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 410, pp. 7979–7986.

By: M. Bagley n, M. Ekelöf n, K. Rock n, H. Patisaul n  & D. Muddiman n 

author keywords: IR-MALDESI; Neurotransmitters; Mass spectrometry imaging; Exposomics; Orbitrap
MeSH headings : Animals; Brain; Female; Infrared Rays; Neurotransmitter Agents / chemistry; Polybrominated Biphenyls / toxicity; Rats; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / methods; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / methods
topics (OpenAlex): Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications; Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
TL;DR: This study serves as a demonstration of a new application of IR-MALDESI, namely that neurotransmitter distributions can be confidently and rapidly imaged without derivatization, and is used for the analysis of neurotransmitters in the brains of rats exposed to TBBPA in gestation and lactation through their mothers. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: December 3, 2018

2016 article

Editor’s Highlight: Transplacental and Lactational Transfer of Firemaster® 550 Components in Dosed Wistar Rats

Phillips, A. L., Chen, A., Rock, K. D., Horman, B., Patisaul, H. B., & Stapleton, H. M. (2016, June 30). Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 153, pp. 246–257.

By: A. Phillips *, A. Chen *, K. Rock n, B. Horman n, H. Patisaul n  & H. Stapleton *

author keywords: Firemaster 550; lactational transfer; gestational transfer; metabolites; rodent
MeSH headings : Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flame Retardants / pharmacokinetics; Lactation; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta / metabolism; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
TL;DR: This study is the first to confirm ip-PPP as a urinary metabolite of ITPs and establish a pharmacokinetic profile of FM 550 in a mammalian model. (via Semantic Scholar)
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UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

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