@article{beachler_papich_andrews_dollen_ellis_withowski_bailey_2021, title={Clinical Outcome of Transcervical Infusion of a Combination of Procaine Penicillin and Gentamicin in Late-term Pregnant Mares}, volume={106}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103727}, abstractNote={Transcervical intrauterine infusion of antibiotics may more effectively treat pathogens associated with fetal and neonatal disease in pregnant mares than standard systemic routes. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of transcervical antibiotic infusion by characterizing the gestational outcome in nine healthy pregnant pony mares following a single transcervical infusion of 2.4 million IU of procaine penicillin and 200 mg of gentamicin in a 10 mL volume during late gestation. Assessment of fetal-placental health was performed through serial measurement of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) and fetal heart rate and mares and foals were closely monitored in the periparturient period. Fetal heart rate and CTUP remained unchanged after infusion, with no evidence of fluid accumulation or significant increase at the time-points 24, 48, and 72 hours. All mares foaled without complication 12-58 days after antibiotic infusion at a mean gestational age of 322.7 ± 12.7 days. Two out of nine foals displayed signs of mild neonatal maladjustment syndrome that responded to minimal supportive care and all foals survived to weaning without further complications.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa M. and Papich, Mark G. and Andrews, Natalie C. and Dollen, Karen A. Von and Ellis, Katelyn E. and Withowski, Katie and Bailey, Christopher Scott}, year={2021}, month={Nov} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_morgan_bembenek bailey_borst_ellis_von dollen_lyle_nebel_andrews_et al._2021, title={Plasma metabolomic profiling of healthy pregnant mares and mares with experimentally induced placentitis}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.13262}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, author={Beachler, T.M. and Gracz, H.S. and Morgan, D.R. and Bembenek Bailey, S.A. and Borst, L. and Ellis, K.E. and Von Dollen, K.A. and Lyle, S.K. and Nebel, A.M. and Andrews, N.C. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={85–93} }
 @article{beachler_bailey_gracz_morgan_von dollen_ellis_gadsby_lyle_2020, title={Metabolomic Profile of Allantoic and Amniotic Fluid in Late-term Gestational Mares Characterized by H-1-nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103235}, abstractNote={The amniotic and allantoic fluid compartments in the mare serve essential roles throughout pregnancy and parturition. Although the global metabolomic profile of amniotic fluid in women has been extensively characterized, current data for equine fetal fluids are limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the global metabolomic profile of equine allantoic and amniotic fluid through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fetal fluids were collected between 270 and 295 days of gestation from 12 pregnancies through ultrasound-guided transabdominal puncture. A total of 24 samples (n = 10 allantoic fluid; n = 9 amniotic fluid; n = 5 admixed fluid) were analyzed by one-dimensional proton (1H) and two-dimensional (1H-13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolites were integrated and compared between fluid types using a Kruskal-Wallis test at P < .05 significance. A total of 28 distinct metabolites were found in allantoic and admixed fluid, whereas 23 metabolites were identified in amniotic fluid. Allantoic fluid contained significant elevations (P < .05) in the metabolites betaine, creatine, creatinine, citrate, histidine, nitrophenol, tryptophan, π-methylhistidine, and unknown metabolite #1 compared with amniotic fluid, whereas amniotic fluid contained statistically increased concentrations of the metabolite lactate compared with allantoic fluid (P = .003).}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa M. and Bailey, C. Scott and Gracz, Hanna S. and Morgan, Davic R. and Von Dollen, Karen A. and Ellis, Katey E. and Gadsby, John E. and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_long_borst_morgan_nebel_andrews_koipillai_frable_bailey_et al._2019, title={Allantoic Metabolites, Progesterone, and Estradiol-17 beta Remain Unchanged After Infection in an Experimental Model of Equine Ascending Placentitis}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.014}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to characterize the metabolomic profile of equine allantoic fluid in the pregnant mare with and without experimentally induced ascending placentitis with the goal of identifying biomarkers of this disease. We compared the onset of metabolomic changes with common modalities for diagnosis of ascending placentitis, including measurement of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP), hormonal profiling, and measurement of serum acute phase proteins. Ten pregnant pony mares were randomly divided into two groups: five healthy control mares (CONT) and five mares induced to develop ascending placentitis (PLAC) via inoculation with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus bacteria at Days 280–285 of gestation. Allantoic fluid, whole blood, and serum were collected from both groups at 270–275 days of gestation and at the following time points postinoculation: 4 hours, Days 2, 4, 6, and 10. Differences between groups in identified metabolites, progesterone, estradiol-17β, lactate, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were assessed using an analysis of variance with repeated measures. A total of 27 metabolites were identified in allantoic fluid. No differences were detected between groups at any time point (P > .05) for any identified metabolite, progesterone, estradiol-17β, or lactate concentrations. Significant elevations in CTUP (P = .003) and SAA (P = .0001) were detected by Days 4 and 6 postinoculation, respectively. The results of this study established a database of equine allantoic fluid metabolites and confirmed the utility of uteroplacental ultrasound for detection of placentitis before the onset of hematologic changes.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa and Gracz, Hanna and Long, Nathan M. and Borst, Luke and Morgan, David and Nebel, Amber and Andrews, Natalie and Koipillai, Joanna and Frable, Samantha and Bailey, Stasia Bembenek and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={95–105} }
 @article{ellis_council-troche_von dollen_beachler_bailey_davis_lyle_2019, title={Pharmacokinetics of Intrarectal Altrenogest in Horses}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.001}, abstractNote={Hospitalized pregnant mares being held nil per os (PO) because of medical or surgical events present a dilemma for pregnancy maintenance therapy, which commonly includes oral altrenogest. Rectal administration of medications is a recognized route for achieving systemic concentrations, but there are no data on the pharmacokinetics of rectal altrenogest administration in horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of altrenogest following PO or per rectum (PR) administration in mares. Using a randomized two-way crossover study design, six horses received altrenogest (0.088 mg/kg; PO or PR q 24 hours for 5 days), with a 7-day washout period, and the concentrations of altrenogest were determined by an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations persisted above presumed therapeutic concentrations for a mean of 36 hours (range 24-72 hours) and 5.5 hours (range 3-8 hours) for PO and PR administration, respectively. The calculated half-life (T ½) of PO administration (7.01 ± 3.13 hours) was correspondingly increased when compared to PR administration (2.82 ± 1.07 hours). Relative bioavailability of altrenogest following PR administration was only 5.47%. Altrenogest is rapidly absorbed following PR administration in the horse and reaches therapeutic concentrations, making this a viable method of treatment in NPO mares. The decreased bioavailability and shorter detection time suggest 0.088 mg/kg PR q 4-8 hours would be necessary to maintain therapeutic concentrations over a 24-hour period.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Ellis, Katelyn E. and Council-Troche, R. McAlister and Von Dollen, Karen A. and Beachler, Theresa M. and Bailey, C. Scott and Davis, Jennifer L. and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={41–46} }