Kristina E Howard

Works (7)

Updated: April 25th, 2025 19:47

2012 article

In Vivo Assessment of Natural Killer Cell Responses during Chronic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Simões, R. D., Howard, K. E., & Dean, G. A. (2012, May 31). PLoS ONE.

By: R. Simões n, K. Howard n & G. Dean n

MeSH headings : Animals; Apoptosis; Cats; Cell Proliferation; Female; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / pathogenicity; Immunophenotyping; Killer Cells, Natural / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / virology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology; Male
topics (OpenAlex): Immune Cell Function and Interaction; HIV Research and Treatment; T-cell and B-cell Immunology
TL;DR: The failure of the NK cell response against Lm challenge in the draining lymph node of FIV-infected cats correlates with the delayed control and clearance of this opportunistic bacterial pathogen. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2010 article

Acute mucosal pathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus is independent of viral dose in vaginally infected cats

Howard, K. E., Reckling, S. K., Egan, E. A., & Dean, G. A. (2010, January 19). Retrovirology.

By: K. Howard n, S. Reckling n, E. Egan n & G. Dean n

MeSH headings : Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cat Diseases / immunology; Cat Diseases / virology; Cats; Cytokines / metabolism; Female; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / pathogenicity; Intestinal Mucosa / immunology; Killer Cells, Natural / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / pathology; Lentivirus Infections / veterinary; Lentivirus Infections / virology; Vagina / virology; Viral Load; Viremia
topics (OpenAlex): HIV Research and Treatment; Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments; Virology and Viral Diseases
TL;DR: The results indicate that mucosal immune pathogenesis could be used as a rapid indicator of vaccine success or failure when combined with a physiologically relevant low dose mucosal challenge. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 article

Basal Expression Levels of IFNAR and Jak-STAT Components Are Determinants of Cell-Type-Specific Differences in Cardiac Antiviral Responses

Zurney, J., Howard, K. E., & Sherry, B. (2007, October 18). Journal of Virology.

By: J. Zurney*, K. Howard n & B. Sherry n

MeSH headings : Animals; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts / immunology; Fibroblasts / virology; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Interferon-alpha / genetics; Interferon-alpha / metabolism; Interferon-beta / genetics; Interferon-beta / metabolism; Janus Kinases / genetics; Janus Kinases / metabolism; L Cells; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3 / pathogenicity; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Myocarditis / immunology; Myocarditis / virology; Myocytes, Cardiac / immunology; Myocytes, Cardiac / virology; Orthoreovirus, Mammalian / pathogenicity; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / genetics; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / metabolism; Reoviridae Infections / immunology; Reoviridae Infections / virology; STAT Transcription Factors / genetics; STAT Transcription Factors / metabolism
topics (OpenAlex): Viral Infections and Immunology Research; Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions; RNA regulation and disease
TL;DR: It is found that greater basal expression of IFN-β in cardiac myocytes results in greater basal activated nuclear STAT1 and STAT2 and greater basal ISG mRNA expression and provides greater basal antiviral protection relative to cardiac fibroblasts, the first indication of an integrated network of cell-type-specific innate immune components for organ protection. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 article

FIV Infection Induces Unique Changes in Phenotype and Cellularity in the Medial Iliac Lymph Node and Intestinal IEL

Howard, K. E., & Burkhard, M. J. (2007, May 1). AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.

By: K. Howard n & M. Burkhard*

MeSH headings : Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cats; Female; Flow Cytometry; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline; Intestinal Mucosa / immunology; Intestinal Mucosa / pathology; Lentivirus Infections / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / pathology; Lymph Nodes / immunology; Lymph Nodes / pathology; Male; Phenotype
topics (OpenAlex): Immune Cell Function and Interaction; T-cell and B-cell Immunology; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
TL;DR: The findings expand the array of immune alterations induced by lentiviral infection and indicate that characterization of multiple mucosal sites will be necessary to fully understand the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 article

Mucosal challenge with cell‐associated or cell‐free feline immunodeficiency virus induces rapid and distinctly different patterns of phenotypic change in the mucosal and systemic immune systems

Howard, K. E., & Burkhard, M. J. (2007, July 16). Immunology.

By: K. Howard n & M. Burkhard*

author keywords: feline immunodeficiency virus; human immunodeficiency virus; immune; mucosa; pathogenesis
MeSH headings : Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology; Cats; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / immunology; Female; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / immunology; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / pathogenicity; Immunophenotyping; Jejunum / immunology; L-Selectin / metabolism; Lymph Nodes / immunology; Lymphoid Tissue / immunology; Receptors, Complement 3d / metabolism; Vagina
topics (OpenAlex): HIV Research and Treatment; Immune Cell Function and Interaction; Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
TL;DR: It is found that even at this early time‐point, mucosal exposure to virus induced substantial alterations in the phenotype and distribution of leucocytes, particularly in the tissues of the mucosal immune system, which has substantial implications for HIV‐1 pathogenesis and vaccine development. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 article

Methodology for isolation and phenotypic characterization of feline small intestinal leukocytes

Howard, K. E., Fisher, I. L., Dean, G. A., & Burkhard, M. J. (2005, June 10). Journal of Immunological Methods.

By: K. Howard n, I. Fisher n, G. Dean n & M. Burkhard*

author keywords: feline; small intestine; IEL; LPL; Peyer's patches; phenotype
MeSH headings : Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers; Cats; Cell Separation / methods; Flow Cytometry / methods; Immunophenotyping / methods; Intestinal Mucosa / cytology; Intestinal Mucosa / immunology; Intestine, Small / cytology; Leukocytes / cytology; Leukocytes / immunology; Receptors, Interleukin-2 / immunology
topics (OpenAlex): Immune Cell Function and Interaction; T-cell and B-cell Immunology; Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
TL;DR: The phenotypic distribution of feline intestinal leukocytes was similar to that found in other species such as humans, macaques and mice and no differences were found between the phenotype of mucosal leukocyte populations from specific pathogen free or random source cats. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2005 article

Toll-like receptor expression in feline lymphoid tissues

Ignacio, G., Nordone, S., Howard, K. E., & Dean, G. A. (2005, April 11). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.

By: G. Ignacio n, S. Nordone n, K. Howard n & G. Dean n

author keywords: toll-like receptors; feline; feline immunodeficiency virus; innate immunity
MeSH headings : Animals; Base Sequence; Cat Diseases / genetics; Cat Diseases / immunology; Cats / genetics; Cats / immunology; Cell Line; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Primers / genetics; Gene Expression; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / pathogenicity; Lentivirus Infections / genetics; Lentivirus Infections / immunology; Lentivirus Infections / veterinary; Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology; Lymphoid Tissue / immunology; Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics; Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods; Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary; RNA, Messenger / genetics; RNA, Messenger / metabolism; Receptors, Cell Surface / genetics; Tissue Distribution; Toll-Like Receptors
topics (OpenAlex): Immune Response and Inflammation; Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities; Immune Cell Function and Interaction
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that tissue distribution of TLRs is associated with the immunological role of a particular tissue, that lymphocytes may also express these 'innate immune' receptors, and that FIV infection can alter TLR expression. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

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