@article{herrmann_mamo_holmes_mohammed_murphy_bizikova_2022, title={Long-term effects of ciclosporin and oclacitinib on mediators of tolerance, regulatory T-cells, IL-10 and TGF-beta, in dogs with atopic dermatitis}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, DOI={10.1111/vde.13140}, abstractNote={Atopic dogs often are managed with allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) and concurrent dosages of ciclosporin (CSA) or oclacitinib to alleviate their clinical signs. Both drugs might affect proper tolerance induction by inhibiting regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction.We evaluated Treg cell numbers and serum interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1 levels in dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD) and successfully treated with either CSA or oclacitinib for nine or more months.We included 15 dogs receiving oclacitinib, 14 dogs treated with CSA, 15 healthy dogs, 13 dogs with untreated moderate-to-severe AD and 15 atopic dogs controlled with AIT.Peripheral blood CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T-cell percentages were determined using flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The percentage of Treg cells in the CSA group was significantly lower in comparison with the healthy group (p = 0.0003), the nontreated AD group (p = 0.0056) or the AIT group (p = 0.0186). There was no significant difference in Treg cell percentages between the CSA and oclacitinib groups, nor between the oclacitinib and the healthy, nontreated AD or AIT-treated dogs. No significant differences were detected in IL-10 and TGF-β1 serum concentrations between the five groups.Lower Treg cell percentages in the CSA-treated dogs suggest an impact of this drug on this cell population; however, it does not necessarily mean that it diminishes tolerance. Functionality and cytokine production may be more important than the number of Treg cells. Further studies evaluating the treatment outcome of dogs receiving AIT and concurrent drugs are needed to show clinical relevance.Les chiens atopiques sont souvent traités avec une immunothérapie spécifique d'allergène (AIT) et des doses concomitantes de ciclosporine ou d'oclacitinib pour atténuer leurs signes cliniques. Les deux médicaments pourraient affecter l'induction de la tolérance appropriée en inhibant l'induction des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg). HYPOTHÈSE/OBJECTIFS: Nous avons évalué le nombre de cellules Treg et les taux sériques d'interleukine (IL)-10 et de TGF-β-1 chez des chiens diagnostiqués avec une dermatite atopique (DA) et traités avec succès par la ciclosporine ou l'oclacitinib pendant neuf mois ou plus.Nous avons inclus 15 chiens recevant de l'oclacitinib, 14 chiens traités par ciclosporine, 15 chiens sains, 13 chiens atteints de DA modérée à sévère non traitée et 15 chiens atopiques contrôlés par AIT. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Les pourcentages de lymphocytes T CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ du sang périphérique ont été déterminés par cytométrie de flux. Les concentrations sériques d'IL-10 et de TGF-β1 ont été mesurées par dosage immuno-enzymatique. RÉSULTATS: Le pourcentage de cellules Treg dans le groupe ciclosporine était significativement plus faible par rapport au groupe sain (p = 0,0003), au groupe AD non traité (p = 0,0056) ou au groupe AIT (p = 0,0186). Il n'y avait pas de différence significative dans les pourcentages de cellules Treg entre le groupe ciclosporine et oclacitinib, ni entre l'oclacitinib et les chiens sains non traités AD ou traités AIT. Aucune différence significative n'a été détectée dans les concentrations sériques d'IL-10 et de TGF-β1 entre les cinq groupes.Des pourcentages de cellules Treg plus faibles chez les chiens traités à la ciclosporine suggèrent un impact de ce médicament sur cette population cellulaire ; cependant, cela ne signifie pas nécessairement qu'il diminue la tolérance. La fonctionnalité et la production de cytokines peuvent être plus importantes que le nombre de cellules Treg. D'autres études évaluant les résultats du traitement des chiens recevant l'AIT et des médicaments concomitants sont nécessaires pour montrer la pertinence clinique.INTRODUCCIÓN: los perros atópicos a menudo se tratan con inmunoterapia específica para alérgenos (AIT) y dosis simultáneas de ciclosporina u oclacitinib para aliviar sus signos clínicos. Ambos fármacos podrían afectar la inducción de tolerancia adecuada al inhibir la inducción de células T reguladoras (Treg). HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: Evaluamos el número de células Treg y los niveles séricos de interleuquina (IL)-10 y factor de crecimiento transformante-beta (TGF-β)1 en perros diagnosticados con dermatitis atópica (AD) y tratados con éxito con ciclosporina u oclacitinib durante nueve o mas meses ANIMALES: Incluimos 15 perros que recibieron oclacitinib, 14 perros tratados con ciclosporina, 15 perros sanos, 13 perros con AD de moderada a grave no tratada y 15 perros atópicos controlados con AIT. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los porcentajes de células T CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ en sangre periférica se determinaron mediante citometría de flujo. Las concentraciones séricas de IL-10 y TGF-β1 se midieron mediante ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje de células Treg en el grupo de ciclosporina fue significativamente menor en comparación con el grupo sano (p = 0,0003), el grupo AD no tratado (p = 0,0056) o el grupo AIT (p = 0,0186). No hubo diferencias significativas en los porcentajes de células Treg entre el grupo de ciclosporina y oclacitinib, ni entre el oclacitinib y los perros sanos, no tratados con AD o tratados con AIT. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones séricas de IL-10 y TGF-β1 entre los cinco grupos. CONCLUSIONES Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: Los porcentajes más bajos de células Treg en los perros tratados con ciclosporina sugieren un impacto de este fármaco en esta población celular; sin embargo, no significa necesariamente que disminuya la tolerancia. La funcionalidad y la producción de citoquinas pueden ser más importantes que el número de células Treg. Se necesitan más estudios que evalúen el resultado del tratamiento de perros que reciben AIT y medicamentos concurrentes para mostrar relevancia clínica.Atopische Hunde werden oft mit Allergen-spezifischer Immuntherapie (AIT) gemanagt, wobei gleichzeitig Ciclosporin oder Oclacitinib verabreicht werden, um ihre klinischen Zeichen zu lindern. Beide Medikamente können die Toleranzinduktion durch eine Inhibition der regulatorischen T Zellen (Treg) Induktion beeinflussen.Wir evaluierten die Treg Zellzahlen und Serum Interleukin (IL)-10 und Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) Werte bei Hunden, die mit einer atopischen Dermatitis (AD) diagnostiziert worden waren und entweder mit Ciclosporin oder mit Oclacitinib für neun Monate oder länger erfolgreich behandelt worden waren.Wir inkludierten 15 Hunde, die Oclacitinib erhielten, 14 Hunde, die mit Ciclosporin behandelt worden waren, 15 gesunde Hunde, 13 Hunde mit unbehandelter moderater-bis-hochgradiger AD und 15 atopische Hunde, die mit AIT kontrolliert waren.Periphere Blut CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T-Zell Prozentanteile wurden mittels Flowzytometrie bestimmt. Serumkonzentrationen von IL-10 und TGF-β wurden mittels Enzym-linked Immunosorbent Assay gemessen.Der Prozentanteil der Treg Zellen in der Ciclosporingruppe war signifikant niedriger im Vergleich zur gesunden Gruppe (p = 0,0003), zur nichtbehandelten AD-Gruppe (p = 0,0056), oder der AIT-Gruppe (p = 0,0186). Es bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den prozentualen Anteilen der Treg Zellen zwischen Ciclosporin und der Oclacitinib Gruppe, und auch nicht zwischen der Oclacitinib und der gesunden, nichtbehandelten AD-Gruppe, oder den AIT-behandelten Hunden. Es wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen IL-10 und TGF-β1 Serumkonzentrationen zwischen den fünf Gruppen gefunden.Niedrigere Prozentanteile der Treg Zellen bei den Ciclosporin-behandelten Hunden weisen darauf hin, dass dieses Medikament auf diese Zellpopulation einen Einfluss hat; es bedeutet jedoch nicht unbedingt, dass es die Toleranz vermindert. Die Funktionalität und die Ciclosporin Produktion könnte wichtiger sein als die Anzahl der Treg Zellen. Weitere Studien sind nötig, die den Behandlungserfolg bei Hunden, die AIT und gleichzeitig Medikamente erhalten, evaluieren, um die klinische Relevanz zu zeigen.背景: アトピー犬は、しばしばアレルゲン特異的免疫療法(AIT)を行い、同時にシクロスポリンやオクラシチニブを投与して臨床症状を軽減している。両薬剤は、制御性T細胞(Treg)の誘導を阻害することにより、適切な寛容誘導に影響を与える可能性がある。 仮説/目的: 本研究の目的は、 アトピー性皮膚炎(AD)と診断され、シクロスポリンまたはオクラシチニブによる9ヶ月以上の治療に成功した犬において、Treg細胞数、血清インターロイキン(IL)-10およびトランスフォーミング増殖因子-β(TGF-β)1レベルを評価することであった。 供試動物: オクラシチニブ投与犬15頭、シクロスポリン投与犬14頭、健常犬15頭、未治療の中等度から重度のAD犬13頭、AITでコントロールしたアトピー犬15頭を対象とした。 材料と方法: 末梢血CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T細胞の割合をフローサイトメトリーで測定した。血清中のIL-10およびTGF-β1濃度は、酵素結合免疫吸着法で測定した。 結果: シクロスポリン投与群では、健常群(p=0.0003)、AD未治療群(p=0.0056)、AIT群(p=0.0186)と比較して、Treg細胞の割合が有意に低下した。シクロスポリン群とオクラシチニブ群、オクラシチニブ群と健常群、AD未治療群、AIT治療群との間でもTreg細胞の割合に有意差はなかった。IL-10およびTGF-β1血清濃度には5群間で有意差は検出されなかった。 結論と臨床的関連性: シクロスポリン投与犬におけるTreg細胞の割合の低下は、シクロスポリンがこの細胞集団に影響を与えることを示唆していた。しかし、それは必ずしも耐性を低下させることを意味するものではない。機能性やサイトカイン産生は、Treg細胞数よりも重要である可能性がある。臨床的な関連性を示すためには、AITと併用薬を投与された犬の治療成績を評価する更なる研究が必要である。.背景: 特应性犬通常通过过敏原特异性免疫治疗 (AIT) 和同时给予环孢素或奥拉替尼缓解其临床症状。两种药物均可能通过抑制调节性 T 细胞 (Treg) 诱导影响适当的耐受诱导。 假设/目的: 我们在诊断为特应性皮炎 (AD) 并成功接受环孢素或奥拉替尼治疗9个月或以上的犬中评价了 Treg 细胞数量以及血清白细胞介素 (IL)-10 和转化生长因子-β (TGF-β)1水平。 动物: 我们纳入了15只接受奥拉替尼的犬、14只接受环孢素治疗的犬、15只健康犬、13只未治疗的中度至重度 AD 犬和15只接受 AIT 控制的特应性犬。 材料和方法: 使用流式细胞术测定外周血CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + T细胞百分比。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清 IL-10 和TGF-β1的浓度。 结果: 环孢素组的 Treg 细胞百分比显著低于健康组 (p = 0.0003)、未治疗 AD 组 (p = 0.0056) 或 AIT 组 (p = 0.0186)。环孢素和奥拉替尼组、奥拉替尼和健康、未治疗 AD 或 AIT 治疗犬之间的 Treg 细胞百分比无显著差异。5组间 IL-10 和TGF-β1血清浓度未检测到明显差异。 结论和临床相关性: 环孢素给药犬中较低的 Treg 细胞百分比表明该药物对该细胞群有影响；然而，这并不一定意味着其会降低耐受性。功能和细胞因子的产生可能比 Treg 细胞的数量更重要。需要进一步研究评价接受 AIT 和伴随药物的犬的治疗结果，以显示临床相关性。.Cães atópicos geralmente são tratados com imunoterapia alérgeno-específica (AIT) e dosagens concomitantes de ciclosporina ou oclacitinib para aliviar seus sinais clínicos. Ambas as drogas podem afetar a indução de tolerância adequada ao inibir a indução de células T reguladoras (Treg). HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Avaliamos o número de células Treg e os níveis séricos de interleucina (IL)-10 e fator transformador de crescimento beta (TGF-β)1 em cães diagnosticados com dermatite atópica (DA) e tratados com sucesso com ciclosporina ou oclacitinib por nove ou mais meses.Foram incluídos 15 cães recebendo oclacitinib, 14 cães tratados com ciclosporina, 15 cães saudáveis, 13 cães com DA moderada a grave não tratada e 15 cães atópicos controlados com AIT. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As porcentagens de células T CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ do sangue periférico foram determinadas por citometria de fluxo. As concentrações séricas de IL-10 e TGF-β1 foram medidas por ensaio imunoenzimático.A porcentagem de células Treg no grupo ciclosporina foi significativamente menor em comparação ao grupo saudável (p = 0,0003), ao grupo DA não tratado (p = 0,0056) ou ao grupo AIT (p = 0,0186). Não houve diferença significativa nas porcentagens de células Treg entre o grupo ciclosporina e oclacitinib, nem o oclacitinib e os cães saudáveis, ou oclacitinib e os cães com DA não tratados ou tratados com AIT. Não foram detectadas diferenças significativas nas concentrações séricas de IL-10 e TGF-β1 entre os cinco grupos. CONCLUSÕES E RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Percentagens mais baixas de células Treg nos cães tratados com ciclosporina sugerem um impacto deste fármaco nesta população de células; no entanto, isso não significa necessariamente que diminui a tolerância. A funcionalidade e a produção de citocinas podem ser mais importantes do que o número de células Treg. Mais estudos avaliando o resultado do tratamento de cães recebendo AIT e drogas concomitantes são necessários para mostrar a relevância clínica.}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Herrmann, Ina and Mamo, Lisa B. and Holmes, Jenny and Mohammed, Javid P. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Bizikova, Petra}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{meichner_montgomery_borst_murphy_grindem_2016, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={249}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.249.9.1023}, number={9}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Meichner, Kristina and Montgomery, Stephanie A. and Borst, Luke B. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Grindem, Carol B.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={1023–1026} }
 @article{jacob_hoppin_steers_davis_davidson_hansen_lunn_murphy_papich_2015, title={Opinions of clinical veterinarians at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections}, volume={247}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, DOI={10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, abstractNote={To determine opinions of faculty members with clinical appointments, clinical veterinarians, residents, and interns at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections.Cross-sectional survey.71 veterinarians.An online questionnaire was sent to all veterinarians with clinical service responsibilities at the North Carolina State University veterinary teaching hospital (n = 167). The survey included 23 questions regarding demographic information, educational experiences, current prescribing practices, and personal opinions related to antimicrobial selection, antimicrobial use, restrictions on antimicrobial use, and antimicrobial resistance.Of the 167 veterinarians eligible to participate, 71 (43%) responded. When respondents were asked to rate their level of concern (very concerned = 1; not concerned = 5) about antimicrobial-resistant infections, most (41/70 [59%]) assigned a score of 1, with mean score for all respondents being 1.5. Most survey participants rated their immediate colleagues (mean score, 1.9) as more concerned than other veterinary medical professionals (mean score, 2.3) and their clients (mean score, 3.4). Fifty-nine of 67 (88%) respondents felt that antimicrobials were overprescribed at the hospital, and 32 of 69 (46%) respondents felt uncomfortable prescribing at least one class of antimicrobials (eg, carbapenems or glycopeptides) because of public health concerns.Findings indicated that veterinarians at this teaching hospital were concerned about antimicrobial resistance, thought antimicrobials were overprescribed, and supported restricting use of certain antimicrobial classes in companion animals. Findings may be useful in educating future veterinarians and altering prescribing habits and antimicrobial distribution systems in veterinary hospitals.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Jacob, Megan E. and Hoppin, Jane A. and Steers, Nicola and Davis, Jennifer L. and Davidson, Gigi and Hansen, Bernie and Lunn, Katharine F. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Papich, Mark G.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={938–944} }
 @article{murphy_olivry_2015, title={The influence of mometasone furoate ear solution on intradermal test immediate reactions in dogs with atopic dermatitis}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921358748&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vde.12171}, abstractNote={Topical ear medications, often containing a glucocorticoid, are used to treat the clinical signs of atopic otitis in dogs. Studies have looked at the inhibitory effect of topical glucocorticoids on intradermal testing (IDT), but only one previously published study evaluated the influence of an otic glucocorticoid on the results of IDT in dogs.To assess what influence the absorption of the diester glucocorticoid mometasone furoate (MF) had on intradermal test immediate reactions, to determine an appropriate withdrawal time prior to IDT.Twenty atopic dogs were enrolled. On day 0, histamine, rabbit anticanine IgE antiserum and saline were injected intradermally. After 20 min, a global wheal score (GWS) was determined. The otic medication, MF, was applied once daily for 14 days. Intradermal injections were then repeated and, if the GWS was within 25% of pretreatment values, the study was completed for this dog. If the GWS had decreased by ≥25% from the baseline value, the otic medication was withdrawn, and the GWS was repeated every 7 days until its value was within 25% of the original GWS.Three of the 20 dogs completed the study on day 14, while 17 of 20 dogs ended it on day 21, 7 days after withdrawal of the drug, MF.Results from this study show that a withdrawal period of ≤7 days is possible before performing IDT in atopic dogs with active otitis externa treated with ≤14 days of MF.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Murphy, K. Marcia and Olivry, Thierry}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={31-+} }
 @article{mazzei_bissett_murphy_hunter_neel_2009, title={Eosinophilic esophagitis in a dog}, volume={235}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-68349106967&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.235.1.61}, abstractNote={A 4-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog with a history of allergic skin disease was examined because of regurgitation, coughing, and dysphagia that began 15 days after abdominal surgery for correction of gastric dilatation and volvulus.Severe diffuse esophagitis, esophageal dysmotility, and a benign esophageal stricture at the level of the base of the heart were identified via contrast videofluoroscopy and esophagoscopy. Severe diffuse eosinophilic ulcerative esophagitis was confirmed by histologic examination of esophageal biopsy specimens and cytologic evaluation of specimens obtained by use of a cytology brush. Esophageal eosinophils were evident (14% to 50% of the inflammatory cell population and > 25 eosinophils/hpf).No clinical or endoscopic improvement was evident after treatment with antireflux medications, including a proton-pump inhibitor, following an initial esophageal bougienage procedure. An excellent response characterized by resolution of dysphagia and regurgitation with marked improvement of the esophageal mucosa was evident following intralesional and systemic administration of glucocorticoids, 2 additional esophageal bougienage procedures, and feeding of an elimination diet.To our knowledge, the information reported here is the first description of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) in a dog. Many similarities exist between the condition in the dog reported here and EE in humans. This clinical report highlights the need to consider EE as a differential diagnosis for esophagitis and esophageal strictures in dogs. When appropriate, esophageal biopsy or cytologic specimens should be obtained and examined to investigate the possibility of EE.}, number={1}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Mazzei, Michael J. and Bissett, Sally A. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Hunter, Stuart and Neel, Jennifer A.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={61–65} }
 @misc{olivry_paps_bizikova_murphy_jackson_zebala_2007, title={A pilot open trial evaluating the efficacy of low-dose aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis}, volume={157}, ISSN={["1365-2133"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35348885050&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08133.x}, abstractNote={Journal Article A pilot open trial evaluating the efficacy of low‐dose aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis Get access T. Olivry, T. Olivry Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A.Allergy Core, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.S. Paps, J.S. Paps Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Bizikova, P. Bizikova Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.M. Murphy, K.M. Murphy Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.A. Jackson, H.A. Jackson Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Zebala J. Zebala Syntrix Biosystems, Auburn, WA, U.S.A. E‐mail: Thierry_Olivry@ncsu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1040–1042, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08133.x Published: 01 November 2007}, number={5}, journal={BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T. and Paps, J. S. and Bizikova, P. and Murphy, K. M. and Jackson, H. A. and Zebala, J.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={1040–1042} }
 @article{mathews_hardie_murphy_2006, title={Subtotal Ear Canal Ablation in 18 Dogs and One Cat With Minimal Distal Ear Canal Pathology}, volume={42}, ISSN={0587-2871 1547-3317}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0420371}, DOI={10.5326/0420371}, abstractNote={A modified technique for performing total ear canal ablations is described. This technique requires less dissection than the standard technique and maintains a portion of the distal vertical ear canal. Subtotal ear canal ablations were performed in 18 dogs and one cat for the treatment of otitis externa or masses of the horizontal ear canal. Animals with otitis externa had minimal involvement of the distal ear canal. Dermatological problems associated with the remaining ear canal and pinnae occurred in eight animals and resolved with medical management. Normal ear carriage was maintained in all animals with erect ears. Further investigation is required before the procedure can be recommended as a treatment for otitis externa not caused by masses or anatomical abnormalities of the horizontal ear canal in dogs with pendulous ears.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, publisher={American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Mathews, Kyle G. and Hardie, Elizabeth M. and Murphy, K. Marcia}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={371–380} }
 @article{olivry_jackson_murphy_tater_roberts_2005, title={Evaluation of a point-of-care immunodot assay for predicting results of allergen-specific intradermal and immunoglobulin E serological tests}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-18544380343&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00442.x}, abstractNote={Abstract Immunotherapy to prevent recurrence of clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) is based on intradermal or serological tests that assist in identifying allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E hypersensitivities. Unfortunately, the results of such tests can be negatively influenced by several factors, which include the age of the patients, the season of testing and the administration of anti‐allergic drugs. Screening to predict when these expensive tests will be useful would benefit owners of dogs with AD. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a point‐of‐care allergen‐specific immunodot assay (Allercept E‐Screen©, Heska Corp., Ft Collins, CO, USA) could predict results of either intradermal or Allercept© full panel serological tests in atopic dogs. Thirty dogs living in the south‐eastern USA were diagnosed with AD in accordance with current standards. Allergen‐specific intradermal, serological and E‐Screen© tests were performed in all subjects. For flea, house dust mite and pollen allergens altogether, results of the E‐Screen© assay agreed with those of intradermal and serological tests in 26/30 dogs (87%) and 25/30 dogs (83%), respectively. In this group of dogs, the probabilities of obtaining intradermal or serological tests positive for these allergens were 70 and 67%, respectively. If either skin or serum tests were performed only in dogs with positive E‐Screen© tests, the probability of obtaining positive results would be increased from 70 to 95% and from 67 to 90%, respectively. In this population of dogs with AD, results of the E‐Screen© point‐of‐care immunodot assay was found to often agree with those of allergen‐specific intradermal or Allercept© tests for selected allergen groups.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Tater, KC and Roberts, M}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={117–120} }
 @article{olivry_dunston_rivierre_jackson_murphy_peters_dean_2003, title={A randomized controlled trial of misoprostol monotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: effects on dermal cellularity and cutaneous tumour necrosis factor-alpha}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037310297&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2003.00323.x}, abstractNote={In this blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial, 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) were given placebo (8 dogs) or misoprostol (12 dogs) at 5 µg kg−1, orally, three times daily for 3 weeks. Administration of the active drug, but not of placebo, led to a significant decrease in lesional and pruritus scores. The median reduction from baseline of both scores was ≈30%. Misoprostol therapy did not lead to decreases of dermal cell counts or skin tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA copy numbers that were significantly different from those of placebo. Skin TNFα protein production, assessed using indirect immunofluorescence, decreased or remained unchanged in dogs receiving misoprostol. In contrast, post treatment TNFα fluorescence scores were higher in all but two dogs given placebo. The changes from baseline of TNFα fluorescence scores did not correlate significantly with those of lesional or pruritus indices. These observations confirm the modest efficacy of misoprostol for treatment of canine AD and suggest that its mild anti-allergic effects are not associated with either inhibition of inflammatory cell emigration or TNFα production.



Resume Dans cette etude randomisee en aveugle, 20 chiens presentant une dermatite atopique ont recu un placebo (8 chiens) ou du misoprostol (12 chiens) a la posologie de 5 µg kg−1, par voie orale, trois fois par jour pendant 3 semaines. L’administration du misoprostol mais pas du placebo a permis une diminution significative des scores de prurit et lesionnels. La reduction moyenne des 2 scores etait d’environ 30%. Le misoprostol n’a pas diminue le nombre de cellules dans le derme ou le nombre de copies d’ARNm du TNF qui etaient significativement differentes du placebo. La production de TNF, determinee par immunofluorescence indirecte a diminue ou n’a pas evolue chez les chiens recevant le misoprostol. Au contraire, les scores de fluorescence pour le TNF etaient plus eleves chez tous les chiens recevant le placebo sauf deux. Les modifications des scores de fluorescence du TNF netaient pas correlees aux scores de prurit ou lesionnel. Ces observations confirment l’efficacite modeste du misoprostol pour le traitement de la dermatite atopique canine et suggerent que ses effets antiallergiques moderes ne sont pas associes a une inhibition de la migration des cellules inflammatoires ou de la production de TNF.



Resumen En este ensayo ciego, al azar y controlado con placebo, a veinte perros con DA se les administro oralmente placebo (8 perros) o misoprostol (12 perros) a una dosis de 5 µg kg−1 tres veces al dia durante tres semanas. La administracion de la droga activa, pero no la del placebo, dio lugar a una disminucion del indice de lesiones y prurito. La reduccion media en ambos indices fue de aproximadamente el 30%. La terapia de misoprostol no produjo una disminucion del recuento de celulas dermicas o del numero de copias del ARNm del FNT-α (TNFα), los cuales eran significativamente diferentes del grupo con placebo. La produccion de la proteina FNTα, determinada por un metodo indirecto de immunofluorescencia, disminuyo o permanecio igual en perros que recibieron misoprostol. En cambio, el nivel de fluorescencia del FNTα fue mas elevado en el postratamiento en todos los perros, con excepcion de dos de ellos en el grupo con placebo. Los cambios en el nivel de fluorescencia, con respecto a la linea basal, no se correlacionaron significativamente con los indices de lesion o prurito. Estas observaciones confirman la modesta eficacia del misoprostol para el tratamiento de las DA caninas y sugiere que sus efectos minimos antialergicos no estan asociados con la inhibicion de la emigracion de celulas inflamatorias o la produccion del FNTα.



Zusammenfassung In dieser randomisierten, plazebo-kontrollierten Doppelblindstudie wurden 20 Hunde mit atopischer Dermatitis (AD) entweder mit Plazebo (8 Hunde) oder mit 5 µg kg−1 Misoprostol (12 Hunde) dreimal taglich fur drei Wochen behandelt. Die Behandlung mit der aktiven Substanz, aber nicht mit Plazebo, fuhrte zu einer signifikanten Verminderung von Lasionen und Juckreiz. Die mittlere Verminderung von den Basiswerten war fur beide Bewertungen ungefahr 30%. Misoprostolbehandlung fuhrte nicht zur von der Plazebobehandlung signifikant unterschiedlichen Verminderung von dermalen Zellzahlen oder Haut-TNF_ mRNS. Durch indirekte Immunfluoreszenz bewertete Haut-TNF_–Proteinproduktion war bei mit Misoprostol behandelten Hunden verringert oder unverandert. Im Gegensatz dazu war die TNF_–Fluoreszenzbewertung bei allen ausser zwei Hunden in der Plazebogruppe nach der Behandlung hoher. Die Anderung der TNF_–Fluoreszenzbewertung korrelierte nicht signifikant mit der Bewertung von Lasionen und Juckreiz. Diese Ergebnisse bestatigen die massige Wirkung von Misoprostol in der Behandlung der kaninen AD und deuten darauf hin, das die anti-allergische Wirkung nicht mit Hemmung von Entzundungszellemigration oder TNF_Produktion verbunden ist.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Dunston, SM and Rivierre, C and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Peters, E and Dean, GA}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={37–46} }
 @article{olivry_rivierre_murphy_2003, title={Efficacy of cyclosporine for treatment induction of canine pemphigus foliaceus}, volume={152}, ISSN={0042-4900 2042-7670}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.152.2.53}, DOI={10.1136/vr.152.2.53}, abstractNote={Veterinary RecordVolume 152, Issue 2 p. 53-54 Short Communication Efficacy of cyclosporine for treatment induction of canine pemphigus foliaceus T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD, T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolinia State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Rivierre DrVet, MspVM, DipECVD, DipACVD, C. Rivierre DrVet, MspVM, DipECVD, DipACVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolinia State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. M. Murphy DVM, DipACVD, K. M. Murphy DVM, DipACVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolinia State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD, T. Olivry DrVet, PhD, DipACVD, DipECVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolinia State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorC. Rivierre DrVet, MspVM, DipECVD, DipACVD, C. Rivierre DrVet, MspVM, DipECVD, DipACVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolinia State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this authorK. M. Murphy DVM, DipACVD, K. M. Murphy DVM, DipACVD Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolinia State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 January 2003 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.152.2.53Citations: 12Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume152, Issue2January 2003Pages 53-54 RelatedInformation}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Record}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Olivry, T. and Rivierre, C. and Murphy, K. M.}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={53–54} }
 @article{olivry_rivierre_jackson_murphy_davidson_sousa_2002, title={Cyclosporine decreases skin lesions and pruritus in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a blinded randomized prednisolone-controlled trial}, volume={13}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036546956&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2002.00283.x}, abstractNote={Abstract During the last decade, oral cyclosporin (CsA) has proven to be effective, in randomized controlled trials, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in human patients. The purpose of this blinded randomized controlled trial was to test the hypothesis that CsA was successful in reducing the gravity of clinical signs of AD in dogs. Thirty dogs with nonseasonal AD were randomly allocated to receive an oral solution of either NEORAL CsA (5 mg kg−1) or prednisolone (0.5 mg kg−1) once daily for 6 weeks. Before, and 3 and 6 weeks after therapy, skin lesions were graded by clinicians using the Canine AD Extent and Severity Index (CADESI). Pruritus was assessed by the owners using a visual analog scale (PVAS). In both groups, CADESI and PVAS values were significantly lower at 6 weeks post treatment than before the initiation of therapy (Friedman test, P < 0.0004). The percentage reductions in CADESI and PVAS values from baseline were not statistically different between groups (Mann–Whitney test, P > 0.3). In this experiment, the tolerability and safety of oral CsA and prednisolone appeared similar. One-fifth of dogs given oral CsA occasionally developed diarrhoea or soft stools. One dog that was given CsA developed a generalized papillomatous skin eruption during the second half of the trial. Our study provides randomized controlled trial evidence that CsA reduces the severity of clinical signs in dogs with nonseasonal AD. Moreover, the anti-allergic efficacy of CsA appears comparable with that of prednisolone. We propose that oral CsA should be considered as a valuable alternative to glucocorticoid therapy in dogs with AD.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Rivierre, C and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Davidson, G and Sousa, CA}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={77–87} }
 @misc{murphy_2001, title={A review of techniques for the investigation of otitis externa and otitis media}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1096-2867"]}, DOI={10.1053/svms.2001.27601}, abstractNote={Otitis externa, inflammation of the externa ear canal, is relatively easy to diagnose based on the history and physical examination findings. The diagnosis of otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear cavity, is more challenging, with the work-up being both costly and, at times, invasive. The pathogenesis of otitis externa has been classified into predisposing, primary, and perpetuating factors. It is critical to the management of ear disease that the clinician recognize and investigate which factors are contributing to each individual patient's ear disease. Failure to identify and address the primary and/or predisposing factors is the most common cause of chronic recurrent otitis externa. Chronic inflammation of the ear canal leads to the development of the perpetuating factors, which may be the major reason for treatment failure, regardless of the primary cause of the ear disease. In this article, the predisposing, primary, and perpetuating factors involved in ear disease will be presented, along with a review of the techniques used in the diagnosis of otitis externa and otitis media.}, number={4}, journal={CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Murphy, KM}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={236–241} }
 @article{olivry_dunston_murphy_moore_2001, title={Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate during IgE-mediated late phase reactions in the skin of normal and atopic dogs}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035260986&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00230.x}, abstractNote={In canine and human atopic patients, the intracutaneous injection of offending allergens is followed by the development of both immediate and late-phase reactions. The present study was performed to expand on the characterization and dynamics of inflammatory cell subsets during IgE-mediated late-phase reactions in canine skin. Three normal dogs and three Dermatophagoides farinae-allergic dogs were selected for this experiment. All dogs were challenged intradermally with mite allergen, purified anticanine IgE antibodies (positive control) or phosphate-buffered saline (negative control). Skin biopsies were obtained before and 6, 12 and 24 h post-injection. Sections were stained with metachromatic and eosinophil-specific histological stains. Additionally, we used an immunohistochemical method with antibodies specific for canine leukocyte antigens. This study confirmed the occurrence of a late-phase reaction in atopic skin following allergen challenge, and in normal and atopic canine skin after intradermal injection of IgE-specific antibodies. Whereas early emigrating dermal cells were composed chiefly of neutrophil and activated eosinophil granulocytes, there was an influx of alpha beta T-lymphocytes and dermal dendritic cells in later stages of the late-phase reactions. Because IgE-mediated late-phase reactions resemble spontaneous atopic canine skin lesions, both at macroscopic and microscopic levels, we propose the use of similar challenges to study the anti-inflammatory effects of anti-allergic drugs in a pre-clinical setting.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Dunston, SM and Murphy, KM and Moore, PF}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={49–58} }
 @article{murphy_olivry_2000, title={Comparison of T-lymphocyte proliferation in canine epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma and benign lymphocytic dermatoses}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2000.00190.x}, abstractNote={The lesions of patch/plaque cutaneous T-cell lymphosarcoma (CTCL) are similar to many benign inflammatory dermatoses, both histopathologically and clinically. In humans, attempts to develop a simple, reliable immunophenotypic technique to differentiate between the malignant and benign dermatoses have been unsuccessful. The purpose of our study was to determine, using a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/CD3 double immunolabelling technique of paraffin-embedded sections, if the rate of T-cell proliferation in canine CTCL was greater than that of other diseases with non-neoplastic lymphocyte epitheliotropism. We selected cases of patch/plaque (PP) and tumour stage CTCL, erythema multiforme (EM) and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). We did not find a significant difference in the rate of T-cell proliferation in the epithelia nor the superficial dermis between PP-CTCL and EM. Whereas epithelial T-cell proliferation is significantly higher in PP-CTCL than CLE, it is not diagnostically useful because of overlap in the labelling indices.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Dermatology}, author={Murphy, K. M. and Olivry, T.}, year={2000}, pages={99–105} }
 @article{dykstra_sharp_olivry_hillier_murphy_kaufman_kunkle_pucheu-haston_1999, title={A description of cutaneous-subcutaneous pythiosis in fifteen dogs}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1369-3786"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033429058&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-280X.1999.00248.x}, abstractNote={Information regarding signalment, duration of clinical signs, history of swimming, results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses, biopsy findings and mycological results, together with treatments and outcome, was retrieved from the medical records of 15 dogs with a diagnosis of pythiosis made between 1985 and 1995 at the Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University and the University of Florida. Most of the dogs were young (median age 22 months) and represented larger breeds (> 20 kg). Lesions were characteristically chronic, ulcerated, and nodular with multiple draining tracts on the limbs, thoracic wall or perineal regions. The median duration of these lesions was 3 months with a range of 2 weeks-6 months. Seven dogs had a history of swimming. Peripheral eosinophilia was observed in 14 of the dogs. Cytological evaluation of discharge, aspirates, or impression smears made from biopsy specimens revealed hyphae in five of 11 dogs (45%). Histopathological evaluation using the Gomori Methenamine-Silver (GMS) stain was the most useful test for providing presumptive evidence of cutaneous pythiosis. Immunotherapy or antifungal therapy using either amphotericin B, liposomal nystatin, itraconazole, or ketoconazole were all unsuccessful. The only dog to survive underwent amputation of the affected limb; thus, the prognosis for cutaneous pythiosis in the dog is poor.}, number={6}, journal={MEDICAL MYCOLOGY}, author={Dykstra, MJ and Sharp, NJH and Olivry, T and Hillier, A and Murphy, KM and Kaufman, L and Kunkle, GA and Pucheu-Haston, C}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={427–433} }
 @article{olivry_savary_murphy_dunston_chen_1999, title={Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (type I) in a dog}, volume={145}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.145.6.165}, abstractNote={In human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous subepidermal blistering can occur because of the production of antibodies specific for basement membrane antigens. This condition is referred to as bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE). A dog was diagnosed with BSLE because it fulfilled the following criteria: (i) a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by standard methods; (ii) an acquired, vesicular, erosive and ulcerative eruption; (iii) microscopical subepidermal vesicles with neutrophil-predominant inflammation at the dermo-epidermal junction; (iv) deposition of IgG at the epidermal basement membrane zone; and (v) circulating IgG autoantibodies against type VII collagen. Anti-collagen VII type I-BSLE therefore needs to be considered as a possible differential diagnosis for canine autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Olivry, T and Savary, KCM and Murphy, KM and Dunston, SM and Chen, M}, year={1999}, month={Aug}, pages={165–169} }