@article{herrmann_mamo_holmes_mohammed_murphy_bizikova_2022, title={Long-term effects of ciclosporin and oclacitinib on mediators of tolerance, regulatory T-cells, IL-10 and TGF-beta, in dogs with atopic dermatitis}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, DOI={10.1111/vde.13140}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Herrmann, Ina and Mamo, Lisa B. and Holmes, Jenny and Mohammed, Javid P. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Bizikova, Petra}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{meichner_montgomery_borst_murphy_grindem_2016, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={249}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.249.9.1023}, abstractNote={
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists}, number={9}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Meichner, Kristina and Montgomery, Stephanie A. and Borst, Luke B. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Grindem, Carol B.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={1023–1026} }
 @article{jacob_hoppin_steers_davis_davidson_hansen_lunn_murphy_papich_2015, title={Opinions of clinical veterinarians at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections}, volume={247}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, DOI={10.2460/javma.247.8.938}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Jacob, Megan E. and Hoppin, Jane A. and Steers, Nicola and Davis, Jennifer L. and Davidson, Gigi and Hansen, Bernie and Lunn, Katharine F. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Papich, Mark G.}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={938–944} }
 @article{murphy_olivry_2015, title={The influence of mometasone furoate ear solution on intradermal test immediate reactions in dogs with atopic dermatitis}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921358748&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/vde.12171}, abstractNote={BackgroundTopical ear medications, often containing a glucocorticoid, are used to treat the clinical signs of atopic otitis in dogs. Studies have looked at the inhibitory effect of topical glucocorticoids on intradermal testing (IDT), but only one previously published study evaluated the influence of an otic glucocorticoid on the results of IDT in dogs.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Murphy, K. Marcia and Olivry, Thierry}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={31-+} }
 @article{mazzei_bissett_murphy_hunter_neel_2009, title={Eosinophilic esophagitis in a dog}, volume={235}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-68349106967&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.235.1.61}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Mazzei, Michael J. and Bissett, Sally A. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Hunter, Stuart and Neel, Jennifer A.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={61–65} }
 @misc{olivry_paps_bizikova_murphy_jackson_zebala_2007, title={A pilot open trial evaluating the efficacy of low-dose aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis}, volume={157}, ISSN={["1365-2133"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35348885050&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08133.x}, abstractNote={SIR, Methotrexate and aminopterin (AMT) are antifolate agents that also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects stemming from several mechanisms that include the extracellular release of adenosine, a potent anti-inflammatory autocoid. Because of such properties, methotrexate has been used in the last decade for treatment of inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis. Results from two open trials suggested that methotrexate benefited human patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Compared with methotrexate, AMT appears to be more potent and to have a higher bioavailability and lower toxic effects. In this proof-of-concept open two-phase trial, we report the efficacy of AMT in the spontaneous canine model of human AD. In the first phase that lasted 4 weeks, nine dogs with perennial AD diagnosed with conventional methods were given oral AMT 0Æ010 mg kg once weekly. During this phase, subjects did not receive any other interventions outside of weekly antimicrobial shampoos and monthly flea preventatives. Before, and 2 and 4 weeks after beginning AMT, investigators graded skin lesions using the validated Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI). Additionally, owners rated the degree of pruritic manifestations using a 10-point visual analogue scale (PVAS). A global score (GS) combined previous grades as follows: GS = (CADESI · PVAS) ⁄100. At the end of this phase, investigators and owners evaluated subjectively the overall efficacy of AMT using a scale from 0 (no efficacy; < 10% reduction in signs) to 4 (very good efficacy; 75–90% reduction in signs). During the second phase, which could last up to 11 months, dogs received AMT 0Æ010 mg kg once weekly, but this dosage could be increased to 0Æ015 and 0Æ020 mg kg once weekly in case of need. In this extension phase, anti-infectious and ⁄or anti-inflammatory medications were allowed if necessary, and were recorded. Patients were seen monthly and evaluated as above. Weekly during the first month, and every 2–4 weeks thereafter, blood was drawn for full blood counts and serum chemistry panels. Eight of nine dogs completed the 4-week induction phase; one dog (no. 7) was withdrawn because of bacterial folliculitis. CADESI and GS values, but not PVAS numbers, were significantly lower after 4 weeks compared with pretreatment (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0Æ05; Fig. 1). After 4 weeks, the median reductions in CADESI, PVAS and GS were 36%, 2Æ8 ⁄10 points and 62%, respectively. At that time, a ‡ 50% reduction from baseline CADESI and GS values was achieved in three of eight and six of eight dogs, respectively (Table 1), and the overall efficacy rating was 2Æ2, a value slightly above the ‘fair efficacy; 25–50% reduction’ mark. Seven dogs continued to receive AMT for up to 40 weeks. One dog (no. 5) was withdrawn after 8 weeks because of lack of efficacy despite doubling the dosage of AMT. Altogether, six of seven dogs (86%) achieved a ‡ 80% reduction in baseline GS values at one time point during the extension phase (Tables 1 and 2), and the disease neared or was in complete Fig 1. Evolution of global scores over 4 weeks in nine dogs treated with aminopterin. In the upper panel, each line corresponds to a different patient. In the lower panel, boxes correspond to the 95% confidence interval, the line is the median and the whiskers highlight the range of values. CADESI, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index; PVAS, pruritus visual analogue scale.}, number={5}, journal={BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T. and Paps, J. S. and Bizikova, P. and Murphy, K. M. and Jackson, H. A. and Zebala, J.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={1040–1042} }
 @article{mathews_hardie_murphy_2006, title={Subtotal Ear Canal Ablation in 18 Dogs and One Cat With Minimal Distal Ear Canal Pathology}, volume={42}, ISSN={0587-2871 1547-3317}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0420371}, DOI={10.5326/0420371}, abstractNote={A modified technique for performing total ear canal ablations is described. This technique requires less dissection than the standard technique and maintains a portion of the distal vertical ear canal. Subtotal ear canal ablations were performed in 18 dogs and one cat for the treatment of otitis externa or masses of the horizontal ear canal. Animals with otitis externa had minimal involvement of the distal ear canal. Dermatological problems associated with the remaining ear canal and pinnae occurred in eight animals and resolved with medical management. Normal ear carriage was maintained in all animals with erect ears. Further investigation is required before the procedure can be recommended as a treatment for otitis externa not caused by masses or anatomical abnormalities of the horizontal ear canal in dogs with pendulous ears.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association}, publisher={American Animal Hospital Association}, author={Mathews, Kyle G. and Hardie, Elizabeth M. and Murphy, K. Marcia}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={371–380} }
 @article{olivry_jackson_murphy_tater_roberts_2005, title={Evaluation of a point-of-care immunodot assay for predicting results of allergen-specific intradermal and immunoglobulin E serological tests}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-18544380343&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00442.x}, abstractNote={Abstract  Immunotherapy to prevent recurrence of clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) is based on intradermal or serological tests that assist in identifying allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E hypersensitivities. Unfortunately, the results of such tests can be negatively influenced by several factors, which include the age of the patients, the season of testing and the administration of anti‐allergic drugs. Screening to predict when these expensive tests will be useful would benefit owners of dogs with AD. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a point‐of‐care allergen‐specific immunodot assay (Allercept E‐Screen©, Heska Corp., Ft Collins, CO, USA) could predict results of either intradermal or Allercept© full panel serological tests in atopic dogs. Thirty dogs living in the south‐eastern USA were diagnosed with AD in accordance with current standards. Allergen‐specific intradermal, serological and E‐Screen© tests were performed in all subjects. For flea, house dust mite and pollen allergens altogether, results of the E‐Screen© assay agreed with those of intradermal and serological tests in 26/30 dogs (87%) and 25/30 dogs (83%), respectively. In this group of dogs, the probabilities of obtaining intradermal or serological tests positive for these allergens were 70 and 67%, respectively. If either skin or serum tests were performed only in dogs with positive E‐Screen© tests, the probability of obtaining positive results would be increased from 70 to 95% and from 67 to 90%, respectively. In this population of dogs with AD, results of the E‐Screen© point‐of‐care immunodot assay was found to often agree with those of allergen‐specific intradermal or Allercept© tests for selected allergen groups.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Tater, KC and Roberts, M}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={117–120} }
 @article{olivry_dunston_rivierre_jackson_murphy_peters_dean_2003, title={A randomized controlled trial of misoprostol monotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: effects on dermal cellularity and cutaneous tumour necrosis factor-alpha}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037310297&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2003.00323.x}, abstractNote={Abstract In this blinded randomized placebo‐controlled trial, 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) were given placebo (8 dogs) or misoprostol (12 dogs) at 5 µg kg−1, orally, three times daily for 3 weeks. Administration of the active drug, but not of placebo, led to a significant decrease in lesional and pruritus scores. The median reduction from baseline of both scores was ≈30%. Misoprostol therapy did not lead to decreases of dermal cell counts or skin tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA copy numbers that were significantly different from those of placebo. Skin TNFα protein production, assessed using indirect immunofluorescence, decreased or remained unchanged in dogs receiving misoprostol. In contrast, post treatment TNFα fluorescence scores were higher in all but two dogs given placebo. The changes from baseline of TNFα fluorescence scores did not correlate significantly with those of lesional or pruritus indices. These observations confirm the modest efficacy of misoprostol for treatment of canine AD and suggest that its mild anti‐allergic effects are not associated with either inhibition of inflammatory cell emigration or TNFα production.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Dunston, SM and Rivierre, C and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Peters, E and Dean, GA}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={37–46} }
 @article{olivry_rivierre_murphy_2003, title={Efficacy of cyclosporine for treatment induction of canine pemphigus foliaceus}, volume={152}, ISSN={0042-4900 2042-7670}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.152.2.53}, DOI={10.1136/vr.152.2.53}, abstractNote={NC 27606, USA CYCLOSPORINE (ciclosporine, cyclosporin A, CsA) is a cyclic oligopeptide which exhibits potent immunosuppressive properties by its ability to block the transcription of cytokine genes in activated T cells (Matsuda and Koyasu 2000). Because of its suppressive effect oiimnmuine cell activation, cyclosporine is being used with increasing frequency for the treatment of autoimmune and allergic skin diseases. Several case reports and small case studies have reported the benefit of cyclosporine for the treatmenit of human variants of pemphigus, an autoimmune disease directed against interkeratinocyte desmosomal adhesion molecules (Thivolet and others 1985, Balda and Rosenzweig 1986, Barthelemy and others 1988, Alijotas and others 1990, Bondesson and Hammar 1990, Campolmi and others 1991, Lapidoth and others 1994, Luisi and Stoukides 1994, Mobini and others 1997). In these studies, cyclosporine was effective either as a stand-alone treatment modality, or in combinaation with low immunosuppressive doses of oral glucocorticoids. Recently, a larger case study disputed the earlier findings of efficacy, as cyclosporine was found to offer Ino additional advantage over oral glucocorticoid monotherapy (loannides and others 2000). Thus, the issue ofwhether cyclosporine is of value in the treatment of human pemphigus variants remains uncertain. To date, the standard of care for treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus (PF), the most common variant of pemphigus in animals, involves immuniosuppression with oral glucocorticoids used alone or in combination with cytotoxic drugs such as azathioprine (Olivry and Chan 2001). Unfortunately, the prolonged use of these medications is often followed by potentially life-threatening adverse drug effects. This short communication describes a pilot study to investigate whether cyclosporine monotherapy would be effective for the induction of treatment in dogs with PF. Five dogs diagnosed with n between June 2000 and February 2001 at the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, USA, were selected for this clinical trial. In each case, the diagnosis of Pt was based on suggestive clinical signs, diagnostic histopathology, and the presence of skin-fixed and circulating anti-keratinocyte autoantibodies in direct and indirect immuniofluorescence assays, respectively (Olivry and Chan 2001). In addition, other pustular skin diseases, such as superficial pyoderma and pustular dermatophytosis, were ruled out using standard diagnostic and/or therapeutic methods. To document the severity of clinical signs of PF at each visit, a lesional score was designed and named the pemphigus foliaceus extent and severity index (I'EFESI). This scoring system consisted of the evaluation of the severity (0 none, 1 mild, 2 moderate and 3 severe) of the three cardinal lesions of PF (pustules, erosions and crusts) at 50 different areas covering the entire body surface. Even though the maximum PFETSI score theoretically achievable is 450 (3 x 3 x 50), the facialpedal predominant distribution of PF skin lesions usually results in a much lower score. Indeed, preliminary scoring of pretreatment skin lesions in 16 dogs with PF yielded PEFESI values ranging from 8 to 128 (mean 49, median 41) (T. Olivry, unpublished data). The primary outcome measure of this pilot trial was the reduction from the baseline of the PEFESI lesional score. 3}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Record}, publisher={BMJ}, author={Olivry, T. and Rivierre, C. and Murphy, K. M.}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={53–54} }
 @article{olivry_rivierre_jackson_murphy_davidson_sousa_2002, title={Cyclosporine decreases skin lesions and pruritus in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a blinded randomized prednisolone-controlled trial}, volume={13}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036546956&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2002.00283.x}, abstractNote={Abstract During the last decade, oral cyclosporin (CsA) has proven to be effective, in randomized controlled trials, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in human patients. The purpose of this blinded randomized controlled trial was to test the hypothesis that CsA was successful in reducing the gravity of clinical signs of AD in dogs. Thirty dogs with nonseasonal AD were randomly allocated to receive an oral solution of either NEORAL CsA (5 mg kg−1) or prednisolone (0.5 mg kg−1) once daily for 6 weeks. Before, and 3 and 6 weeks after therapy, skin lesions were graded by clinicians using the Canine AD Extent and Severity Index (CADESI). Pruritus was assessed by the owners using a visual analog scale (PVAS). In both groups, CADESI and PVAS values were significantly lower at 6 weeks post treatment than before the initiation of therapy (Friedman test, P < 0.0004). The percentage reductions in CADESI and PVAS values from baseline were not statistically different between groups (Mann–Whitney test, P > 0.3). In this experiment, the tolerability and safety of oral CsA and prednisolone appeared similar. One‐fifth of dogs given oral CsA occasionally developed diarrhoea or soft stools. One dog that was given CsA developed a generalized papillomatous skin eruption during the second half of the trial. Our study provides randomized controlled trial evidence that CsA reduces the severity of clinical signs in dogs with nonseasonal AD. Moreover, the anti‐allergic efficacy of CsA appears comparable with that of prednisolone. We propose that oral CsA should be considered as a valuable alternative to glucocorticoid therapy in dogs with AD.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Rivierre, C and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Davidson, G and Sousa, CA}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={77–87} }
 @misc{murphy_2001, title={A review of techniques for the investigation of otitis externa and otitis media}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1096-2867"]}, DOI={10.1053/svms.2001.27601}, abstractNote={Otitis externa, inflammation of the externa ear canal, is relatively easy to diagnose based on the history and physical examination findings. The diagnosis of otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear cavity, is more challenging, with the work-up being both costly and, at times, invasive. The pathogenesis of otitis externa has been classified into predisposing, primary, and perpetuating factors. It is critical to the management of ear disease that the clinician recognize and investigate which factors are contributing to each individual patient's ear disease. Failure to identify and address the primary and/or predisposing factors is the most common cause of chronic recurrent otitis externa. Chronic inflammation of the ear canal leads to the development of the perpetuating factors, which may be the major reason for treatment failure, regardless of the primary cause of the ear disease. In this article, the predisposing, primary, and perpetuating factors involved in ear disease will be presented, along with a review of the techniques used in the diagnosis of otitis externa and otitis media.}, number={4}, journal={CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Murphy, KM}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={236–241} }
 @article{olivry_dunston_murphy_moore_2001, title={Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate during IgE-mediated late phase reactions in the skin of normal and atopic dogs}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035260986&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00230.x}, abstractNote={In canine and human atopic patients, the intracutaneous injection of offending allergens is followed by the development of both immediate and late‐phase reactions. The present study was performed to expand on the characterization and dynamics of inflammatory cell subsets during IgE‐mediated late‐phase reactions in canine skin. Three normal dogs and three Dermatophagoides farinae‐allergic dogs were selected for this experiment. All dogs were challenged intradermally with mite allergen, purified anticanine IgE antibodies (positive control) or phosphate‐buffered saline (negative control). Skin biopsies were obtained before and 6, 12 and 24 h post‐injection. Sections were stained with metachromatic and eosinophil‐specific histological stains. Additionally, we used an immunohistochemical method with antibodies specific for canine leukocyte antigens. This study confirmed the occurrence of a late‐phase reaction in atopic skin following allergen challenge, and in normal and atopic canine skin after intradermal injection of IgE‐specific antibodies. Whereas early emigrating dermal cells were composed chiefly of neutrophil and activated eosinophil granulocytes, there was an influx of αβ T‐lymphocytes and dermal dendritic cells in later stages of the late‐phase reactions. Because IgE‐mediated late‐phase reactions resemble spontaneous atopic canine skin lesions, both at macroscopic and microscopic levels, we propose the use of similar challenges to study the anti‐inflammatory effects of anti‐allergic drugs in a pre‐clinical setting.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Dunston, SM and Murphy, KM and Moore, PF}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={49–58} }
 @article{murphy_olivry_2000, title={Comparison of T-lymphocyte proliferation in canine epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma and benign lymphocytic dermatoses}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2000.00190.x}, abstractNote={The lesions of patch/plaque cutaneous T‐cell lymphosarcoma (CTCL) are similar to many benign inflammatory dermatoses, both histopathologically and clinically. In humans, attempts to develop a simple, reliable immunophenotypic technique to differentiate between the malignant and benign dermatoses have been unsuccessful. The purpose of our study was to determine, using a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/CD3 double immunolabelling technique of paraffin‐embedded sections, if the rate of T‐cell proliferation in canine CTCL was greater than that of other diseases with non‐neoplastic lymphocyte epitheliotropism. We selected cases of patch/plaque (PP) and tumour stage CTCL, erythema multiforme (EM) and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). We did not find a significant difference in the rate of T‐cell proliferation in the epithelia nor the superficial dermis between PP‐CTCL and EM. Whereas epithelial T‐cell proliferation is significantly higher in PP‐CTCL than CLE, it is not diagnostically useful because of overlap in the labelling indices.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Dermatology}, author={Murphy, K. M. and Olivry, T.}, year={2000}, pages={99–105} }
 @article{dykstra_sharp_olivry_hillier_murphy_kaufman_kunkle_pucheu-haston_1999, title={A description of cutaneous-subcutaneous pythiosis in fifteen dogs}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1369-3786"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033429058&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-280X.1999.00248.x}, abstractNote={Information regarding signalment, duration of clinical signs, history of swimming, results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses, biopsy findings and mycological results, together with treatments and outcome, was retrieved from the medical records of 15 dogs with a diagnosis of pythiosis made between 1985 and 1995 at the Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University and the University of Florida. Most of the dogs were young (median age 22 months) and represented larger breeds (> 20 kg). Lesions were characteristically chronic, ulcerated, and nodular with multiple draining tracts on the limbs, thoracic wall or perineal regions. The median duration of these lesions was 3 months with a range of 2 weeks-6 months. Seven dogs had a history of swimming. Peripheral eosinophilia was observed in 14 of the dogs. Cytological evaluation of discharge, aspirates, or impression smears made from biopsy specimens revealed hyphae in five of 11 dogs (45%). Histopathological evaluation using the Gomori Methenamine-Silver (GMS) stain was the most useful test for providing presumptive evidence of cutaneous pythiosis. Immunotherapy or antifungal therapy using either amphotericin B, liposomal nystatin, itraconazole, or ketoconazole were all unsuccessful. The only dog to survive underwent amputation of the affected limb; thus, the prognosis for cutaneous pythiosis in the dog is poor.}, number={6}, journal={MEDICAL MYCOLOGY}, author={Dykstra, MJ and Sharp, NJH and Olivry, T and Hillier, A and Murphy, KM and Kaufman, L and Kunkle, GA and Pucheu-Haston, C}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={427–433} }
 @article{olivry_savary_murphy_dunston_chen_1999, title={Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (type I) in a dog}, volume={145}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.145.6.165}, abstractNote={In human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous subepidermal blistering can occur because of the production of antibodies specific for basement membrane antigens. This condition is referred to as bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE). A dog was diagnosed with BSLE because it because of the production of antibodies specific for basement membrane antigens. This condition is referred to as bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE). A dog was diagnosed with BSLE because it fulfilled the following criteria: (i) a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus by standard methods; (ii) an acquired, vesicular, erosive and ulcerative eruption; (iii) microscopical subepidermal vesicles with neutrophil‐predominant inflammation at the dermo‐epidermal junction; (iv) deposition of IgG at the epidermal basement membrane zone; and (v) circulating IgG autoantibodies against type VIl collagen. Anti‐collagen Vil type l‐BSLE therefore needs to be considered as a possible differential diagnosis for canine autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Olivry, T and Savary, KCM and Murphy, KM and Dunston, SM and Chen, M}, year={1999}, month={Aug}, pages={165–169} }