Katherine Saul

Blemker, S. S., Brooks, S. V., Esser, K. A., & Saul, K. R. (2024). [Review of Fiber-type traps: revisiting common misconceptions about skeletal muscle fiber types with application to motor control, biomechanics, physiology, and biology]. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 136(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00337.2023

Rubin, N., Hinson, R., Saul, K., Filer, W., Hu, X., & Huang, H. (2024). Modified motor unit properties in residual muscle following transtibial amputation. JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ad1ac2

Blemker, S. S., Brooks, S. V., Esser, K. A., & Saul, K. R. (2024, February 1). Reply to Drs. Reggiani and Murgia. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00037.2024

Goins, T. R., Fox, J., Saul, K., Servello, C., & Sullivan, J. E. (2024). The Relationship Between Elbow Flexion Postures and Overhead Reaching in Birth Brachial Plexus Injuries. PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY, 36(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0000000000001059

Rubin, N., Hinson, R., Saul, K., Hu, X., & Huang, H. (2023). Ankle Torque Estimation With Motor Unit Discharges in Residual Muscles Following Lower-Limb Amputation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING, 31, 4821–4830. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2023.3336543

Jadelis, C. T., Ellis, B. J., Kamper, D. G., & Saul, K. R. (2023). Cosimulation of the index finger extensor apparatus with finite element and musculoskeletal models. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111725

McCain, E. M., Dalman, M. J., Berno, M. E., Libera, T. L., Lewek, M. D., Sawicki, G. S., & Saul, K. R. (2023). The influence of induced gait asymmetry on joint reaction forces. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111581

Howe, D., Dixit, N. N., Saul, K. R., & Fisher, M. B. (2022). A Direct Comparison of Node and Element-Based Finite Element Modeling Approaches to Study Tissue Growth. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 144(1). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051661

Wong, J. M. K., Moore, K. J., Lewis, P., Reid, M., Saul, K., & Carey, E. T. (2022, December). Ergonomic Assessment of Surgeon Characteristics and Laparoscopic Device Strain in Gynecologic Surgery. JOURNAL OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE GYNECOLOGY, Vol. 29, pp. 1357–1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2022.09.552

Dalman, M., Liao, A., & Saul, K. R. (2022). Evaluating anthropometric scaling of a generic adult model to represent pediatric shoulder strength. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111170

Hinson Jr, R. J., Saul, K., Kamper, D., & Huang, H. (2022). Sensitivity analysis guided improvement of an electromyogram-driven lumped parameter musculoskeletal hand model. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111200

Dixit, N. N., McCormick, C. M., Cole, J. H., & Saul, K. R. (2021). Influence of Brachial Plexus Birth Injury Location on Glenohumeral Joint Morphology. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 46(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.10.019

McCain, E. M., Libera, T. L., Berno, M. E., Sawicki, G. S., Saul, K. R., & Lewek, M. D. (2021). Isolating the energetic and mechanical consequences of imposed reductions in ankle and knee flexion during gait. JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00812-8

Doshi, R. M., Reid, M. Y., Dixit, N. N., Fawcett, E. B., Cole, J. H., & Saul, K. R. (2021, September 5). Location of brachial plexus birth injury affects functional outcomes in a rat model. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25173

McCain, E. M., Berno, M. E., Libera, T. L., Lewek, M. D., Sawicki, G. S., & Saul, K. R. (2021). Reduced joint motion supersedes asymmetry in explaining increased metabolic demand during walking with mechanical restriction. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110621

Wu, W., Saul, K. R., & Huang, H. (2021). Using Reinforcement Learning to Estimate Human Joint Moments From Electromyography or Joint Kinematics: An Alternative Solution to Musculoskeletal-Based Biomechanics. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 143(4). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4049333

Nelson, A. J., Hall, P. T., Saul, K. R., & Crouch, D. L. (2020). Effect of Mechanically Passive, Wearable Shoulder Exoskeletons on Muscle Output During Dynamic Upper Extremity Movements: A Computational Simulation Study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 36(2), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2018-0369

McFarland, D. C., Brynildsen, A. G., & Saul, K. R. (2020). Sensitivity of Neuromechanical Predictions to Choice of Glenohumeral Stability Modeling Approach. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 36(4), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2019-0088

Dixit, N. N., McFarland, D. C., & Saul, K. R. (2019). Computational analysis of glenohumeral joint growth and morphology following a brachial plexus birth injury. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 86, 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.040

McCain, E. M., Dick, T. J. M., Giest, T. N., Nuckols, R. W., Lewek, M. D., Saul, K. R., & Sawicki, G. S. (2019). Mechanics and energetics of post-stroke walking aided by a powered ankle exoskeleton with speed-adaptive myoelectric control. JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-019-0523-y

McFarland, D. C., McCain, E. M., Poppo, M. N., & Saul, K. R. (2019). Spatial Dependency of Glenohumeral Joint Stability During Dynamic Unimanual and Bimanual Pushing and Pulling. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 141(5). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4043035

Vidt, M. E., Santago, A. C., II, Marsh, A. P., Hegedus, E. J., Tuohy, C. J., Poehling, G. G., … Saul, K. R. (2018). Modeling a rotator cuff tear: Individualized shoulder muscle forces influence glenohumeral joint contact force predictions. CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS, 60, 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.10.004

Hennen, K., Crouch, D. L., Hutchinson, I. D., Li, Z., & Saul, K. (2018). Relationship between glenoid deformity and gait characteristics in a rat model of neonatal brachial plexus injury. Journal of Orthopaedic Research®, 36(7), 1991–1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/JOR.23836

McFarland, D. C., Poppo, M. N., McCain, E. M., & Saul, K. R. (2018). Spatial dependency of shoulder muscle demand during dynamic unimanual and bimanual pushing and pulling. Applied Ergonomics, 73, 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APERGO.2018.07.011

Santago, A. C., II, Vidt, M. E., Li, X., Tuohy, C. J., Poehling, G. G., Freehill, M. T., & Saul, K. R. (2017). Shoulder Strength Requirements for Upper Limb Functional Tasks: Do Age and Rotator Cuff Tear Status Matter? JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 33(6), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0116

Li, X., Santago, A. C., II, Vidt, M. E., & Saul, K. R. (2016). Analysis of effects of loading and postural demands on upper limb reaching in older adults using statistical parametric mapping. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 49(13), 2806–2816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.018

Vidt, M. E., Santago, A. C., II, Tuohy, C. J., Poehling, G. G., Freehill, M. T., Kraft, R. A., … Saul, K. R. (2016). Assessments of Fatty Infiltration and Muscle Atrophy From a Single Magnetic Resonance Image Slice Are Not Predictive of 3-Dimensional Measurements. ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, 32(1), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2015.06.035

Vidt, M. E., Santago, A. C., II, Hegedus, E. J., Marsh, A. P., Tuohy, C. J., Poehling, G. G., … Saul, K. R. (2016, August). Can self-report instruments of shoulder function capture functional differences in older adults with and without a rotator cuff tear? JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY, Vol. 29, pp. 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.06.009

Caruthers, E. J., Thompson, J. A., Chaudhari, A. M. W., Schmitt, L. C., Best, T. M., Saul, K. R., & Siston, R. A. (2016). Muscle Forces and Their Contributions to Vertical and Horizontal Acceleration of the Center of Mass During Sit-to-Stand Transfer in Young, Healthy Adults. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 32(5), 487–503. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0291

Santago, A. C., II, Vidt, M. E., Tuohy, C. J., Poehling, G. G., Freehill, M. T., Jordan, J. H., … Saul, K. R. (2016). Quantitative Analysis of Three-Dimensional Distribution and Clustering of Intramuscular Fat in Muscles of the Rotator Cuff. ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 44(7), 2158–2167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1488-z

Crouch, D. L., Santago, A. C., II, Plate, J. F., Li, Z., & Saul, K. R. (2016). Relationship between maximum isometric joint moment and functional task performance in patients with brachial plexus injury: A pilot study. GAIT & POSTURE, 44, 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.12.038

Vidt, M. E., Santago, A. C., Marsh, A. P., Hegedus, E. J., Tuohy, C. J., Poehling, G. G., … Saul, K. R. (2016). The effects of a rotator cuff tear on activities of daily living in older adults: A kinematic analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS, 49(4), 611–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.029

Santago, A. C., II, Plate, J. F., Shively, C. A., Register, T. C., Smith, T. L., & Saul, K. R. (2015). Age-related structural changes in upper extremity muscle tissue in a nonhuman primate model. JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, 24(10), 1660–1668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.03.025

Saul, K. R., Hu, X., Goehler, C. M., Vidt, M. E., Daly, M., Velisar, A., & Murray, W. M. (2015). Benchmarking of dynamic simulation predictions in two software platforms using an upper limb musculoskeletal model. COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 18(13), 1445–1458. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2014.916698

Cheng, W., Cornwall, R., Crouch, D. L., Li, Z., & Saul, K. R. (2015). Contributions of Muscle Imbalance and Impaired Growth to Postural and Osseous Shoulder Deformity Following Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: A Computational Simulation Analysis. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 40(6), 1170–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2015.02.025

Edmonds, E. W., Santago, A. C., & Saul, K. R. (2015). Functional loss with displacement of medial epicondyle humerus fractures: A computer simulation study. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 35(7), 666–671. https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000000371

Saul, K. R., Vidt, M. E., Gold, G. E., & Murray, W. M. (2015). Upper Limb Strength and Muscle Volume in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, 31(6), 484–491. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0177

Crouch, D. L., Plate, J. F., Li, Z., & Saul, K. R. (2014). Computational Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Muscles That Can Mechanically Contribute to Shoulder Deformity Following Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 39(2), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.10.027

Plate, J. F., Bates, C. M., Mannava, S., Smith, T. L., Jorgensen, M. J., Register, T. C., … Tuohy, C. J. (2013). Age-related degenerative functional, radiographic, and histological changes of the shoulder in nonhuman primates. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 22(8), 1019–1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2012.11.004

Crouch, D. L., Plate, J. F., Li, Z., & Saul, K. R. (2013). Biomechanical Contributions of Posterior Deltoid and Teres Minor in the Context of Axillary Nerve Injury: A Computational Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 38(2), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.11.007

Plate, J. F., Wiggins, W. F., Haubruck, P., Scott, A. T., Smith, T. L., Saul, K. R., & Mannava, S. (2013). Normal aging alters in vivo passive biomechanical response of the rat gastrocnemius-Achilles muscle–tendon unit. Journal of Biomechanics, 46(3), 450–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.11.007

Mannava, S., Plate, J. F., Tuohy, C. J., Seyler, T. M., Whitlock, P. W., Curl, W. W., … Saul, K. R. (2013). The science of rotator cuff tears: translating animal models to clinical recommendations using simulation analysis. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 21(7), 1610–1619. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00167-012-2145-9

Vidt, M. E., Daly, M., Miller, M. E., Davis, C. C., Marsh, A. P., & Saul, K. R. (2012). Characterizing upper limb muscle volume and strength in older adults: A comparison with young adults. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(2), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.10.007

Mogk, J. P. M., Johanson, M. E., Hentz, V. R., Saul, K. R., & Murray, W. M. (2011). A simulation analysis of the combined effects of muscle strength and surgical tensioning on lateral pinch force following brachioradialis to flexor pollicis longus transfer. Journal of Biomechanics, 44(4), 669–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.11.004

Crouch, D. L., Li, Z., Barnwell, J. C., Plate, J. F., Daly, M., & Saul, K. R. (2011). Computer Simulation of Nerve Transfer Strategies for Restoring Shoulder Function After Adult C5 and C6 Root Avulsion Injuries. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 36(10), 1644–1651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.07.019

Mannava, S., Wiggins, W. F., Saul, K. R., Stitzel, J. D., Smith, B. P., Andrew Koman, L., … Tuohy, C. J. (2011). Contributions of Neural Tone to In Vivo Passive Muscle–Tendon Unit Biomechanical Properties in a Rat Rotator Cuff Animal Model. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 39(7), 1914–1924. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10439-011-0301-X

Saul, K. R., Hayon, S., Smith, T. L., Tuohy, C. J., & Mannava, S. (2011). Postural dependence of passive tension in the supraspinatus following rotator cuff repair: A simulation analysis. Clinical Biomechanics, 26(8), 804–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.04.005

Holzbaur, K., Gold, G., & Murray, W. (2007). Changes in Brachioradialis Muscle Volume and Length with spinal cord injury. Journal of Biomechanics, 40, S69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(07)70066-0

Holzbaur, K. R. S., Delp, S. L., Gold, G. E., & Murray, W. M. (2007). Moment-generating capacity of upper limb muscles in healthy adults. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(11), 2442–2449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.11.013

Holzbaur, K. R. S., Murray, W. M., Gold, G. E., & Delp, S. L. (2007). Upper limb muscle volumes in adult subjects. Journal of Biomechanics, 40(4), 742–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.11.011

Holzbaur, K. R. S., Gold, G. E., Johanson, M. E., & Murray, W. M. (2006). MRI-based estimation of muscle volume and length following tendon transfer surgery. Journal of Biomechanics, 39, S84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(06)83227-6

Holzbaur, K. R. S., Delp, S. L., & Murray, W. M. (2006). Moment-generating capacity of upper limb muscles. Journal of Biomechanics, 39, S85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(06)83233-1

Holzbaur, K. R. S., Murray, W. M., & Delp, S. L. (2005). A Model of the Upper Extremity for Simulating Musculoskeletal Surgery and Analyzing Neuromuscular Control. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 33(6), 829–840. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10439-005-3320-7