@article{gebreyes_thakur_dorr_tadesse_post_wolf_2009, title={Occurrence of spvA Virulence Gene and Clinical Significance for Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Strains}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0095-1137"]}, DOI={10.1128/JCM.01660-08}, abstractNote={
            Nontyphoidal
            Salmonella
            strains are important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance. An important issue that has not been investigated is whether the multiresistant
            Salmonella
            strains are more virulent than their susceptible counterparts.
            Salmonella
            isolates collected from clinical human (
            n
            = 888) and porcine (
            n
            = 2,120) cases at the same time period and geographic location were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility, PCR analysis for the
            spvA
            virulence gene, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping were done. Carriage of
            spvA
            was associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) type ACSSuT strains (odds ratio, 7.1;
            P
            < 0.05), a type often implicated in bacteremic human cases. PFGE revealed that clinical isolates from pigs were more clonally related to those of human origin than the nonclinical porcine isolates. The findings suggest that MDR strains that also carry specific virulence factors are more likely to be of clinical significance.
          }, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Gebreyes, Wondwossen A. and Thakur, Siddhartha and Dorr, Paul and Tadesse, Daniel A. and Post, Karen and Wolf, Leslie}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={777–780} }
 @article{osorio_fletcher_dykstra_post_barnes_2007, title={Comb candidiasis affecting roosters in a broiler breeder flock}, volume={51}, ISSN={["0005-2086"]}, DOI={10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[618:CCARIA]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract A cutaneous mycosis caused by Candida albicans that involved the combs and less frequently the wattles, facial skin, ear lobes, and neck of male broiler breeders is described. Roosters were 35 wk old and housed with hens in two conventional broiler breeder houses on a farm in western North Carolina. Morbidity was approximately 10% in one house and less than 2% in the other house. Mortality and flock fertility were not affected. Three birds from the most affected house were examined. All birds had white adherent material on their combs that presented as crusty patches or lighter diffuse areas. Often, lesions were roughly circular or had a defined margin. Small black scabs were present in a few lesions. Similar but less extensive lesions were located on the wattles, facial skin, ear lobes, and rictus. In one bird, lesions extended down the neck, and they were accompanied by hyperemia and feather loss. Hyperkeratosis with little to no inflammation and intralesional fungi occurring as yeast and pseudohyphae were seen microscopically. High numbers of C. albicans were isolated and identified from the lesions.}, number={2}, journal={AVIAN DISEASES}, author={Osorio, Claudia and Fletcher, Oscar and Dykstra, Michael J. and Post, Karen and Barnes, H. John}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={618–622} }