@article{judd_jackson_fonteno_domec_2016, title={Measuring root hydraulic parameters of container-grown herbaceous and woody plants using the hydraulic conductance flow meter}, volume={51}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Judd, L. A. and Jackson, B. E. and Fonteno, W. C. and Domec, J. C.}, year={2016}, pages={192–196} }
 @article{judd_jackson_fonteno_evans_boyette_2015, title={Changes in Root Growth and Physical Properties in Substrates Containing Charred or Uncharred Wood Aggregates (c)}, volume={1085}, ISSN={["2406-6168"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2015.1085.86}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROPAGATORS SOCIETY}, author={Judd, Lesley A. and Jackson, Brian E. and Fonteno, William C. and Evans, Michael R. and Boyette, Michael D.}, year={2015}, pages={421–425} }
 @article{judd_jackson_fonteno_2015, title={Rhizometer: An apparatus to observe and measure root growth and its effect on container substrate physical properties over time}, volume={50}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Judd, L. A. and Jackson, B. E. and Fonteno, W. C.}, year={2015}, pages={288–294} }
 @article{judd_jackson_yap_fonteno_2014, title={Mini-horhizotron: An apparatus for observing and measuring root growth of container-grown plant material in situ}, volume={49}, number={11}, journal={HortScience}, author={Judd, L. A. and Jackson, B. E. and Yap, T. C. and Fonteno, W. C.}, year={2014}, pages={1424–1431} }
 @inproceedings{judd_jackson_fonteno_2014, title={Rhizometrics: A review of three in situ techniques for observation and measurement of plant root systems in containers}, volume={1034}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.48}, abstractNote={Rhizometrics is a term derived from rhizo- (rhizosphere) and -metrics (series of parameters or measures of quantitative assessment used for measuring, comparisons or tracking performance or production), to describe several methods either developed or examined by North Carolina State University to observe and quantify root growth of plants in containers. Three new techniques have been developed and/or investigated as potential new methods of quantifying root growth; 1) Mini-Horhizotron; 2) Rhizometer; and 3) Hydraulic Conductance Flow Meter (HCFM). First, the mini-Horhizotrons have a clear, three-arm configuration suitable for observing root growth of small container plant material. The clear arms allow for visible access and measurements of plant roots. Potential measurements include root length, quantity of root hairs, and root architecture. Second, the Rhizometer is made from a clear cylinder that is 7.6 cm tall x 7.6 cm inside diameter, which allows for visible observations of root systems and they can be fitted in the North Carolina State University Porometer for in situ measurements of the influence of root growth on physical properties in containers during crop production. Thirdly, the HCFM is an apparatus that measures root and shoot conductance based on pressure and water flow through the roots, in the opposite direction of normal transpiration under quasi-steady-state conditions. Conductance values are directly indicative (and correlated) with root mass. These Rhizometric techniques are novel methods of observing and quantifying root growth and potentially identifying ways of improving root growth productivity and efficiency to maximize crop growth. These techniques have also been used to quantify root growth differences between/among various substrates. A summary of the initial experiments testing the usefulness of these three techniques for quantifying undisturbed root growth have yielded promising results.}, booktitle={International symposium on growing media and soilless cultivation}, author={Judd, L. A. and Jackson, Brian and Fonteno, W. C.}, year={2014}, pages={389–397} }
 @article{judd_jackson_fonteno_2013, title={Novel Methods for Observing and Quantifying Root Growth of Horticultural Crops (c)}, volume={1014}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2013.1014.88}, abstractNote={INTRODUCTION A large portion of the U.S. Green Industry is involved with growing plants in containers, including nursery crops, annual bedding plants and potted herbaceous perennials. With such a large portion of the industry in containers, it is important to understand the factors that influence root growth to attain optimal benefits from container production. Several factors that affect root growth include the physical and chemical properties of substrates. Physical properties include porosity and water holding capacity, percentage of fine particles and bulk density (Mathers et al., 2007). Chemical properties include pH, cation exchange capacity and soluble salts (Mathers et al., 2007). There are several known techniques used to measure these factors that affect root growth, but methods used to measure the whole root system or measure the growth of roots over time are not as widely available. It is also not well understood how roots change and affect the physical properties of substrates in the container over time. The most common root system measurements reported in scientific literature are: (1) subjective root ratings and (2) root dry weight measurements. Root ratings, while being non-destructive, are completely subjective to the person rating the root system and can vary person to person. The second method of root washing is widely accepted as a valid determination of root mass but it is well understood/assumed that a percent of root (particularly fine roots) mass is lost. Oliveira et al. (2000) reported that almost 20-40% of the original root weight is lost during root washing of certain plant species. A non-destructive technique for measuring horizontal root growth (HorhizotronTM) was developed at Auburn University and Virginia Tech that offers a simple, non-destructive technique to measure root growth over time (Wright and Wright, 2004). This HorhizotronTM is constructed out of eight panels of glass attached to an aluminum base to form four wedge-shaped quadrants. The HorhizotronTM was built to fit a plant removed from a 1-3-gal container and placed in the center so the quadrants extend away from the root ball. This technique is most appropriate for assessing/observing root growth from rootballs likely to study post-transplant root response. This technique does not allow for observations and study of small plant root development such as, herbaceous plugs and nursery liners. In order to study root growth of seeds, liners and plugs during production, new techniques need to be developed and evaluated. The objectives of this work were: (1) design and testing of a small scale version of a HorhizotronTM suitable for small plant material and (2) design and testing of the Rhizometer, an in situ technique for determining the influence of plant roots on the physical root environment.}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROPAGATORS' SOCIETY}, author={Judd, Lesley A. and Jackson, Brian E. and Fonteno, William C.}, year={2013}, pages={389–394} }