@article{villalobos_scholten_edwards_paredes_2026, title={Resolvent Forcing for Recreating Turbulent Boundary Layers Using Scale-Resolving Methods}, volume={1}, DOI={10.2514/6.2026-2140}, abstractNote={A methodology for generating synthetic inflow turbulence using a linear combination of modes computed from resolvent analysis is presented. The resolvent forcing technique requires mean flow data which is taken from a RANS solution. Modes are sampled from the wavenumber space where the resolvent operator is low-rank. The weighting and phase of each mode is optimized using a genetic algorithm in order to minimize the error of the modes’ second-order statistics against target profiles. A hypersonic boundary layer is generated for a wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (WRLES) as an example, but this technique can be applied to any flow which can be approximated as streamwise and spanwise periodic. Boundary layers generated using inflows constructed from a combination of modes – obtained through a resolvent formulation that includes eddy viscosity – show good agreement with a DNS reference solution for both first- and second-order statistics. The development length for a fully turbulent flow is found to be comparable with other inflow generation techniques such as recycling-rescaling.}, author={Villalobos, Luis A. and Scholten, Anton and Edwards, Jack R. and Paredes, Pedro}, year={2026}, month={Jan} }