Leon Earl Gray, Jr.

Works (11)

Updated: July 5th, 2023 15:56

2008 article

A Mixture of Five Phthalate Esters Inhibits Fetal Testicular Testosterone Production in the Sprague-Dawley Rat in a Cumulative, Dose-Additive Manner

Howdeshell, K. L., Wilson, V. S., Furr, J., Lambright, C. R., Rider, C. V., Blystone, C. R., … Gray, L. E. (2008, April 14). Toxicological Sciences.

By: K. Howdeshell*, V. Wilson  n, J. Furr n, C. Lambright n, C. Rider n, C. Blystone n, A. Hotchkiss n, L. Gray n

author keywords: androgens; prenatal; reproductive tract; phthalates; cumulative risk; structure activity relationship
MeSH headings : Animals; Body Weight / drug effects; Dibutyl Phthalate / analogs & derivatives; Dibutyl Phthalate / toxicity; Diethylhexyl Phthalate / toxicity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetus / drug effects; Logistic Models; Male; Phthalic Acids / toxicity; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Testis / drug effects; Testis / metabolism; Testosterone / biosynthesis
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that individual phthalates with a similar mechanism of action can elicit cumulative, dose additive effects on fetal testosterone production and pregnancy when administered as a mixture. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 article

A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats

Rider, C. V., Furr, J., Wilson, V. S., & Gray, L. E. (2008, January 16). International Journal of Andrology.

By: C. Rider n, J. Furr*, V. Wilson * & L. Gray*

author keywords: antiandrogens; dose addition; endocrine disruption; mixtures; reproductive malformations; toxic equivalency
MeSH headings : Androgen Antagonists / toxicity; Animals; Female; Genitalia, Male / abnormalities; Genitalia, Male / drug effects; Male; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Teratogens / toxicity
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
TL;DR: Results indicate that chemicals that disrupt foetal tissues during sexual differentiation act in a cumulative, dose-additive manner irrespective of the specific cellular mechanism of toxicity. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 article

Diverse mechanisms of anti‐androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development

Wilson, V. S., Blystone, C. R., Hotchkiss, A. K., Rider, C. V., & Gray, L. E. (2008, March 3). International Journal of Andrology.

By: V. Wilson *, C. Blystone n, A. Hotchkiss n, C. Rider n & L. Gray*

author keywords: androgen receptor; anti-androgen; linuron; phthalate; prochloraz; reproductive development; vinclozolin
MeSH headings : Androgen Antagonists / pharmacology; Animals; Genitalia, Male / drug effects; Genitalia, Male / embryology; Male; Rats
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
TL;DR: As more and more molecular studies with anti-androgenic compounds are conducted, the number of mechanisms by which compounds can affect the androgen signalling pathway is likely to increase. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 article

High throughput adjustable 96-well plate assay for androgen receptor binding: A practical approach for EDC screening using the chimpanzee AR☆

HARTIG, P., CARDON, M., BLYSTONE, C., GRAYJR, L., & WILSON, V. (2008, July 19). Toxicology Letters.

By: P. Hartig*, M. Cardon*, C. Blystone n, L. Grayjr * & V. Wilson*

author keywords: Baculovirus; Screening; Androgen; Receptor; Chimpanzee
MeSH headings : Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cell Line; Endocrine Disruptors / metabolism; Guanidine / chemistry; Pan troglodytes; Rats; Receptors, Androgen / genetics; Receptors, Androgen / metabolism; Recombinant Proteins / metabolism; Spodoptera
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Pharmacological Effects and Assays; Hormonal and reproductive studies
TL;DR: A highly modified 96-well plate assay which employs a baculovirus expressed recombinant primate androgen receptor which is publically available and exploits the unique ability of some mammalian androgen receptors to remain biologically active after guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) solubilization. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2008 conference paper

Mechanisms of action of phthalate esters, individually and in combination, to induce abnormal reproductive development in male laboratory rats

Environmental Research (New York, N.Y.), 108(2), 168–176.

By: K. Howdeshell, C. Rider, V. Wilson & L. Gray

Source: NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 article

Gestational and Lactational Exposure to Ethinyl Estradiol, but not Bisphenol A, Decreases Androgen-Dependent Reproductive Organ Weights and Epididymal Sperm Abundance in the Male Long Evans Hooded Rat

Howdeshell, K. L., Furr, J., Lambright, C. R., Wilson, V. S., Ryan, B. C., & Gray, L. E. (2007, December 20). Toxicological Sciences.

By: K. Howdeshell*, J. Furr n, C. Lambright n, V. Wilson  n, B. Ryan n & L. Gray n

author keywords: ethinyl estradiol; bisphenol A; male reproduction; Long Evans rat; testes; epididymal sperm
MeSH headings : Anal Canal / abnormalities; Anal Canal / drug effects; Anal Canal / pathology; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight / drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental Pollutants / toxicity; Epididymis / drug effects; Epididymis / pathology; Estrogens / toxicity; Ethinyl Estradiol / toxicity; Female; Genitalia, Male / abnormalities; Genitalia, Male / drug effects; Genitalia, Male / pathology; Lactation / drug effects; Male; Maternal Exposure; Organ Size / drug effects; Phenols / toxicity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / chemically induced; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / pathology; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Seminal Vesicles / drug effects; Seminal Vesicles / pathology; Sperm Count; Spermatozoa / drug effects; Spermatozoa / pathology; Testis / drug effects; Testis / pathology
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that developmental exposure to oral micromolar doses of EE can permanently disrupt the reproductive tract of the male rat. (via Semantic Scholar)
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3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 article

Iprodione delays male rat pubertal development, reduces serum testosterone levels, and decreases ex vivo testicular testosterone production☆

BLYSTONE, C., LAMBRIGHT, C., FURR, J., WILSON, V., & GRAYJR, L. (2007, September 4). Toxicology Letters.

By: C. Blystone n, C. Lambright*, J. Furr*, V. Wilson * & L. Grayjr *

author keywords: iprodione; steroidogenesis; puberty; testosterone; endocrine disruption
MeSH headings : Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / analogs & derivatives; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / toxicity; Animals; Cell Line; Endocrine Disruptors / toxicity; Epididymis / drug effects; Epididymis / growth & development; Fungicides, Industrial / toxicity; Humans; Hydantoins / toxicity; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Androgen / metabolism; Seminal Vesicles / drug effects; Seminal Vesicles / growth & development; Sexual Maturation / drug effects; Testis / drug effects; Testis / metabolism; Testosterone / blood; Testosterone / metabolism
topics (OpenAlex): Testicular diseases and treatments; Hormonal and reproductive studies; Sperm and Testicular Function
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that IPRO differs from the dicarboximides procymidone and vinclozolin in that the effects on male rat pubertal development result from an inhibition of steroidogenesis and not AR antagonism. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2007 article

Prochloraz Inhibits Testosterone Production at Dosages below Those that Affect Androgen-Dependent Organ Weights or the Onset of Puberty in the Male Sprague Dawley Rat

Blystone, C. R., Furr, J., Lambright, C. S., Howdeshell, K. L., Ryan, B. C., Wilson, V. S., … Gray, L. E. (2007, January 18). Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 97, pp. 65–74.

By: C. Blystone n, J. Furr*, C. Lambright*, K. Howdeshell *, B. Ryan*, V. Wilson *, G. LeBlanc n , L. Gray*

author keywords: prochloraz; testosterone; antiandrogen; puberty; Hershberger; steroidgenesis
MeSH headings : 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / blood; Androgen Antagonists / toxicity; Androgen Receptor Antagonists; Androgens / metabolism; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors / toxicity; Fungicides, Industrial / toxicity; Genitalia, Male / drug effects; Genitalia, Male / enzymology; Genitalia, Male / growth & development; Genitalia, Male / metabolism; Imidazoles / toxicity; Male; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Orchiectomy; Organ Size / drug effects; Progesterone / blood; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Androgen / metabolism; Sexual Development / drug effects; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / antagonists & inhibitors; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / metabolism; Testosterone / blood; Testosterone / metabolism; Testosterone Propionate / pharmacology; Time Factors; Toxicity Tests / methods
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity; Hormonal and reproductive studies
TL;DR: The fact that hormone levels were affected at dosage eightfold below that which delayed the onset of puberty suggests that rather large reductions in serum testosterone may be required to delay puberty and consistently reduce androgen-dependent tissue weights. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 article

Adverse effects of environmental antiandrogens and androgens on reproductive development in mammals1

Gray, L. E., Wilson, V. S., Stoker, T., Lambright, C., Furr, J., Noriega, N., … Guillette, L. (2006, February 1). International Journal of Andrology.

By: L. Gray*, V. Wilson *, T. Stoker*, C. Lambright*, J. Furr*, N. Noriega *, K. Howdeshell  n, G. Ankley *, L. Guillette*

author keywords: androgens; CAFO feedlot effluent; linuron; p,p'DDT and p,p'DDE; phthalates; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; prochloraz; procymidone; pulp mill effluent; sexual differentiation; vinclozolin
MeSH headings : Androgen Antagonists / pharmacology; Androgen Antagonists / toxicity; Androgen Receptor Antagonists; Androgens / pharmacology; Animals; Environmental Exposure; Female; Male; Pesticides / pharmacology; Pesticides / toxicity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Receptors, Androgen / metabolism; Sex Differentiation / drug effects; Sex Differentiation / physiology; Xenobiotics / pharmacology; Xenobiotics / toxicity
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
TL;DR: Information is presented on the classes of environmental chemicals that display antiandrogenic and androgenic activities in vitro and in vivo and an insight into how exposure to mixtures these chemicals might behave in utero is provided. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

2006 article

Prenatal Testosterone Exposure Permanently Masculinizes Anogenital Distance, Nipple Development, and Reproductive Tract Morphology in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

Hotchkiss, A. K., Lambright, C. S., Ostby, J. S., Parks-Saldutti, L., Vandenbergh, J. G., & Gray, L. E. (2006, October 31). Toxicological Sciences.

By: A. Hotchkiss n, C. Lambright*, J. Ostby*, L. Parks-Saldutti*, J. Vandenbergh n & L. Gray*

author keywords: AGD; areola; masculinization; reproductive development; fetal androgen; intrauterine position
MeSH headings : Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / etiology; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / pathology; Anal Canal / abnormalities; Anal Canal / drug effects; Animals; Animals, Newborn / abnormalities; Endocrine Disruptors / chemistry; Endocrine Disruptors / toxicity; Estrus / drug effects; Estrus / physiology; Female; Fetus / abnormalities; Fetus / drug effects; Genitalia, Female / abnormalities; Genitalia, Female / drug effects; Gestational Age; Male; Nipples / drug effects; Nipples / embryology; Nipples / growth & development; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Testosterone / chemistry; Testosterone / toxicity; Uterus / abnormalities; Uterus / drug effects; Vagina / abnormalities; Vagina / drug effects; Weight Loss / drug effects
topics (OpenAlex): Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals; Birth, Development, and Health; Reproductive Biology and Fertility
TL;DR: TP-induced changes in neonatal AGD and infant areola number were reliable indicators of permanently altered adult phenotype in female Rats, and females in the two high-dose groups displayed increased incidences of external genital malformations and the presence of prostatic tissue, not normally found in female rats. (via Semantic Scholar)
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Source: Web Of Science
Added: August 6, 2018

1995 article

Temperature Regulation and Metabolism in Rats Exposed Perinatally to Dioxin: Permanent Change in Regulated Body Temperature?

Gordon, C. J., Gray, L. E., Monteiroriviere, N. A., & Miller, D. B. (1995, July 1). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 133, pp. 172–176.

By: C. Gordon *, L. Gray*, N. Monteiroriviere*  & D. Miller *

Contributors: C. Gordon *, L. Gray*, N. Monteiroriviere*  & D. Miller *

MeSH headings : Adipose Tissue, Brown / drug effects; Adipose Tissue, Brown / metabolism; Animals; Body Temperature Regulation / drug effects; Female; Fetus / drug effects; Male; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / toxicity; Pregnancy; Rats; Regional Blood Flow / drug effects; Skin / blood supply
topics (OpenAlex): Adipose Tissue and Metabolism; Thermoregulation and physiological responses; Pharmacological Effects and Assays
TL;DR: The reduction in body temperature over a wide range of TaS concomitant with normal thermoregulatory effector function suggests that perinatal exposure to TCDD results in a reduction in the regulated body temperature (i.e., decrease in set-point). (via Semantic Scholar)
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Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

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