@article{gibbs_cobbina-dungy_de biasi_rivers_light_momenee_2024, title={Decision Making in the Real World: Unpacking the Black Box of the Decision Process for Youth Violence}, ISSN={["1552-387X"]}, DOI={10.1177/00111287241231744}, abstractNote={ Criminologists typically test rational choice theory by examining the relationship between one aspect of decision making—the perceived costs and benefits of crime—and the likelihood of crime, primarily using (experimental) surveys that lack consideration of the neighborhood context. Building on decades of research in the risk and decision sciences, the current study utilizes broader models of decision making to qualitatively examine how youth living in concentrated disadvantage make decisions during incidents of violence. Our thematic analysis of 22 in-depth interviews with youth in a midsize midwestern city indicates that the decision process regarding violence is much more complex than previously theorized. }, journal={CRIME & DELINQUENCY}, author={Gibbs, Carole and Cobbina-Dungy, Jennifer E. and De Biasi, Alaina and Rivers, Louie and Light, Jessica and Momenee, Taylor}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{odera_kelley_rivers iii_wilson_tran_patel_vallee_subra_cramer_irving_et al._2023, title={A Community-Engaged Oral History Study as a Tool for Understanding Environmental Justice Aspects of Human Exposures to Hazardous Waste Thermal Treatment Emissions in Colfax, LA}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1937-5174"]}, DOI={10.1089/env.2023.0003}, abstractNote={This study investigates environmental justice (EJ) themes related to siting a hazardous waste thermal treatment facility near a low-income community of color. We investigated effects of living near a hazardous waste thermal treatment facility through three EJ aspects: recognitional, procedural, and distributive justice. The study involved the collection of oral history interviews from residents of Colfax, a town in Grant Parish, Louisiana, that hosts an open burn/open detonation hazardous waste thermal treatment facility. The facility processes materials such as munitions, theme park waste, and contaminated soils from Superfund sites, and it increased its volume drastically in 2014. Residents reported adverse health conditions and exposure to air pollutants. We analyzed how the three themes of EJ emerged from the interviews using the NVivo coding software. We recorded narratives that described substantial changes around people's identity, health, and social experiences after the facility's increase in operations. Residents described a peaceful and clean community before the facility's construction in 1980. Some residents stated that the community had not been consulted when the facility was established or when its operations were increased. Colfax residents' narratives jointly relay a proud history of community connections and homeownership that was undermined by environmental health hazards created by the facility and by their exclusion from local and state government decisions about the facility's placement.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE}, author={Odera, Matilda and Kelley, Blair and Rivers III, Louie and Wilson, Alyanna and Tran, Jessica and Patel, Khushi and Vallee, Brenda and Subra, Wilma and Cramer, Jennifer A. and Irving, Jennifer K. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{vila_cutts_knollenberg_rivers_2023, title={Environmental justice in disaster recovery: Recognition of the Latinx community by nonprofit leaders}, volume={40}, ISSN={["2212-0963"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.crm.2023.100502}, abstractNote={Nonprofit organizations are important sources of aid and assistance in the aftermath of disasters, directly contributing to disaster recovery efforts in communities and in some cases broader environmental justice objectives. However, there is a need to better align nonprofit organization processes and programs to address the needs of disadvantaged communities. This study examines how leaders of nonprofit organizations navigate and address the needs and experiences of Latinx persons in their community. We draw from 18 semi-structured interviews with leaders of nonprofit organizations involved in disaster recovery in Wilmington, North Carolina after Hurricane Florence in 2018. Interviews focused on the degree that nonprofit leaders involved in disaster recovery recognize the Latinx community, how the process of recognition manifests among these leaders, and how recognition by these leaders is related to procedural and distributional justice. Findings suggest that leaders adopt more sophisticated recognition of disaster recovery needs of the Latinx community when they have direct experience working with Latinx persons, collaborate with individuals who understand the Latinx community, partner with other organizations, or leverage geospatial or other data on disaster impacts and demographics. Data generated in this study underscores the role that recognition can play in promoting progress towards procedural and distributional justice in the disaster recovery context. These findings suggest that assigned leaders of nonprofits can and do function to exacerbate inequities through their disaster recovery services. However, the findings also showcase nonprofit leaders are interested in promoting just outcomes, and one possible route is through greater emphasis on the role of recognition. This work can inform approaches to resilience planning and help leaders of nonprofit organizations understand the needs and experiences of disadvantaged communities, so they can restructure organization policies and programs to address the needs of those who are most vulnerable to environmental hazards.}, journal={CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT}, author={Vila, Olivia and Cutts, Bethany and Knollenberg, Whitney and Rivers, Louie}, year={2023} }
 @article{richmond-bryant_odera_subra_vallee_rivers_kelley_cramer_wilson_tran_beckham_et al._2023, title={Oral histories document community mobilisation to participate in decision-making regarding a hazardous waste thermal treatment facility}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1469-6711"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2023.2249498}, DOI={10.1080/13549839.2023.2249498}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Colfax, Louisiana hosts a commercial hazardous waste thermal treatment (TT) facility, which treats fireworks, explosives, and military ordnances by open-burn/open-detonation one mile from the edge of the nearest community. Seventy-one percent of Colfax’s residents are Black, and forty-six percent live below poverty, indicating the community’s structural vulnerability. This community-based study originated at the behest of Colfax community members. We hypothesised that the close relationships among members of this enclave may have enhanced the community’s ability to mobilise in opposition to the TT facility. We conducted semi-structured oral history interviews with nineteen community members and examined the social and interorganisational networks used by the Colfax community to claim its role in decision-making regarding the TT facility after years of exclusion from this process. Interview transcripts were analysed through the lens of community capacity theory to gain insight into how interactions among community members about the environmental hazards led to social mobilisation and improved participation in the decision-making process using codes for communication, organisation, and outcome. Additionally, we reviewed Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality records for complaints about the facility to gauge public participation. One notable theme across several interviews was exclusion from the initial decision-making process related to the facility. However, interviewees noted a sustained effort was made among community members to educate themselves about the facility, organise a response through neighbour-to-neighbour contact, and take action by submitting formal complaints and participating in public hearings. Through the lens of environmental justice, this study illustrates an evolving condition of procedural justice.}, journal={LOCAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer and Odera, M. and Subra, W. and Vallee, B. and Rivers, L. and Kelley, B. and Cramer, J. A. and Wilson, A. and Tran, J. and Beckham, T. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
 @article{mullenbach_breyer_cutts_rivers_larson_2022, title={An antiracist, anticolonial agenda for urban greening and conservation}, volume={15}, ISSN={1755-263X 1755-263X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12889}, DOI={10.1111/conl.12889}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Conservation Letters}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Mullenbach, Lauren E. and Breyer, Betsy and Cutts, Bethany B. and Rivers, Louie, III and Larson, Lincoln R.}, year={2022}, month={Jun} }
 @article{gibbs_de biasi_cobbina-dungy_speers_costantino_rivers_2022, title={COVID-19 and youth violence: views from the frontline}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2158-9119"]}, DOI={10.1080/0735648X.2022.2063156}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Violent crime tends to be concentrated in economically disadvantaged, racially minoritized communities, particularly among youth. Emerging research suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated the drivers of violence in these communities but provides limited insight into its effects in a single locale, especially small to mid-size cities, and on those on the frontlines of youth violence (i.e., youth service workers). In the current study, we provide an in-depth, qualitative examination of these dynamics in vulnerable neighborhoods in Lansing, Michigan, centering the voices of those instrumental to violence prevention and community resilience. Specifically, we explore youth service providers’ perceptions of how COVID-19 changed youth violence and impacted families, communities, and organizations working to prevent and control youth violence. We use the socioecological model adopted by the public health field to explain and prevent violence to guide our work, as this framework recognizes the interlocking and interactive effects of systemic, community, and relational experiences on youth behavior. As such, it allows us to situate community-based organizations and youth service providers’ perceptions within the broader contexts that shape violence. Our findings suggest the need for increased support for community-based prevention and for interventions that rectify structural inequalities.}, journal={JOURNAL OF CRIME & JUSTICE}, author={Gibbs, Carole and De Biasi, Alaina and Cobbina-Dungy, Jennifer E. and Speers, Mark and Costantino, Molly and Rivers, Louie, III}, year={2022}, month={May} }
 @article{bunn_buscher_mchale_cadenasso_childers_pickett_rivers iii_swemmer_2022, title={Golden Wildebeest Days: Fragmentation and Value in South Africa's Wildlife Economy After Apartheid}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1465-3893"]}, DOI={10.1080/03057070.2022.2145776}, abstractNote={There are renewed global efforts to make wildlife conservation the foundation for broad-based economic development. This article looks at these tendencies in the ‘Kruger to Canyons’ (K2C) biosphere region in South Africa, encompassing the Kruger National Park and adjacent settlement areas and reserves. Various forms of the wildlife economy have a long history in this region. However, it is increasingly posited as a preternatural means for creating jobs. We chronicle the growth of the wildlife economy from its apartheid heyday to the present, showing its fundamental dependence on the ecological and political fragmentation of space. More generally, these biopolitical divisions are part of a broad contestation of wildlife value, organised around changing regimes of protected area enclosure and the spacing of human and non-human life. Despite recent claims by the South African conservation industry that it is demolishing fences and increasing habitat connectivity, political territorialisation and ecological fragmentation continue to be important means of securing profit and reducing perceived risk. While the contradictions of this dynamic have now become acute through the emergence of the rhino-poaching crisis, the growth of that violent industry, we conclude, should not be seen as the negative inversion of a legal wildlife economy. Instead, both the legal and the illegal wildlife economies are manifestations of the same underlying problems: ill-conceived attempts at agrarian reform; the persistent influence of an older veterinary wildlife assemblage; the continued role of the rural poor as an enabling but unacknowledged buffer between development and wildlife.}, journal={JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN STUDIES}, author={Bunn, David and Buscher, Bram and McHale, Melissa R. and Cadenasso, Mary L. and Childers, Daniel L. and Pickett, Steward T. A. and Rivers III, Louie and Swemmer, Louise}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{wood_rivers_sidbe_ligmann-zielinska_2021, title={Decision-making capacity to address climate-induced food insecurity within women-led groups in Southern Mali}, volume={164}, ISSN={["1573-1480"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10584-021-03003-5}, abstractNote={The following study examines climate change in Mali, and its impacts on food security. This will be explored through the experiences of women, using feminist political ecology as an analytical framework. This research builds upon previous work that explores the intra-gender power imbalances that exacerbate the impacts of climate change within agrarian households. We find that polygynous households are sites of power differences, which perpetuates food insecurity. Within households, women are often excluded from decision-making processes that help mitigate climate-stressed food production. Beyond households, options to collaborate and seek support do exist, and are successful when women are granted agency to determine how resources are used. However, these strategies are available to a minority of individuals, and access is often limited to elder women. That said, despite the potential of women-led groups within and outside of households, such groups are subject to unequal distribution of power. As a result, women-led networks are not yet able to thoroughly address climate-sensitive agricultural challenges and continue to marginalize young women.}, number={3-4}, journal={CLIMATIC CHANGE}, author={Wood, Alexa L. and Rivers, Louie, III and Sidbe, Amadou and Ligmann-Zielinska, Arika}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{emanuel_caretta_rivers_vasudevan_2021, title={Natural Gas Gathering and Transmission Pipelines and Social Vulnerability in the United States}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2471-1403"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021gh000442}, DOI={10.1029/2021GH000442}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={GEOHEALTH}, publisher={American Geophysical Union (AGU)}, author={Emanuel, Ryan E. and Caretta, Martina A. and Rivers, Louie, III and Vasudevan, Pavithra}, year={2021}, month={Jun} }
 @article{hamm_searle_carr_rivers_2021, title={Public Vulnerability to the Police: A Quantitative Inquiry}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1552-3594"]}, DOI={10.1177/00938548211008489}, abstractNote={ The recent protests regarding the state of policing in the United States clearly demonstrate that how the police do their job creates a salient potential for harm to the public. This study applies a multidimensional paradigm of risk perception to quantify evaluations of police-caused harm. Using data from a national (U.S.) convenience sample ( n = 1,890) that oversampled individuals who self-identified as black or Muslim, we tested whether these evaluations vary systematically (using confidence intervals), whether they covary with police legitimacy (using structural equation modeling), and the extent to which that covariance differs by demographic status (using multiple groups structural equation modeling). Our results suggest that black and Muslim individuals evaluate police-caused harm differently than do majority group members (white and Christian) on most, but not all, of the measured dimensions. We also find that those evaluations are predictive of trust and provide evidence of some level of consistency across communities. }, number={12}, journal={CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR}, author={Hamm, Joseph A. and Searle, Rosalind and Carr, James D. and Rivers, Louie, III}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={1749–1769} }
 @article{hasala_supak_rivers_2020, title={Green infrastructure site selection in the Walnut Creek wetland community: A case study from southeast Raleigh, North Carolina}, volume={196}, ISSN={["1872-6062"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103743}, abstractNote={Recent findings have shown that minority communities are frequently underserved by green infrastructure developments relative to non-minority communities, as local installations of green infrastructure often follow patterns of gentrification. Antipathy from these communities toward existing environmental management efforts present further obstacles related to green infrastructure placement. While hydrologic modeling has been highly utilized in decision support for green infrastructure placement, this technique does not consider ownership, access concerns, or the importance of visibility. Alternatively, participatory geographic information systems (PPGIS) can provide a different perspective from hydrologic models, as they have the potential to forecast community perceptions of green infrastructure utility, rather than hydrological benefit. We use a mixed-methods approach to optimize green infrastructure site-selection that considers hydrologic vulnerabilities in the context of place-based knowledge and historical realities. Residents' perceptions of the locations of nuisance flooding were reported via participatory mapping within a paper-based survey (n = 95) conducted in the communities surrounding Walnut Creek, a historically African-American community in Raleigh, North Carolina. Hotspot analysis was used to identify statistically significant clustering, which was related to a correspondence between participant-indicated nuisance flooding sites and high flow accumulation cells. Comparison of the participatory and hydrologic hotspot analyses show some geospatial overlap for potential green infrastructure placement. We propose that, when undertaken with community input, green infrastructure installation in these downstream areas may help offset localized flooding patterns while facilitating greater trust with stormwater and environmental practitioners.}, journal={LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING}, author={Hasala, Dresden and Supak, Stacy and Rivers, Louie}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }
 @article{choko_olabisi_onyeneke_chiemela_liverpool-tasie_rivers_2019, title={A Resilience Approach to Community-Scale Climate Adaptation}, volume={11}, ISSN={["2071-1050"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85067305236&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/su11113100}, abstractNote={Climate risk is expected to impact rural communities in West Africa in multiple ways. However, most current research addresses resilience and climate adaptation at either the national or the household scale; very little is known about community-scale interventions. We interviewed 934 community members in six communities in southeastern Nigeria about sources of climate risk and community-based actions for climate change adaptation. We found these communities contained multiple active and engaged groups that have implemented a wide range of interventions to reduce climate risk, most of which are seen as effective by community members. Flooding was the most common form of risk in this region, but drought, windstorms, and irregular rainy seasons are also frequent, implying that effective climate adaptation will have to be sensitive to multiple types of risk. Structural interventions (constructing roads, bridges, etc.) were the most common type of intervention, suggesting that communities are capable of marshalling considerable organizational and human power for adaptation efforts, even in the absence of external assistance. Efforts to boost community resilience and adaptation to climate change would benefit from first understanding what community actions are currently underway, and working with the groups implementing these actions to support and extend them.}, number={11}, journal={SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Choko, Onyinye Prince and Olabisi, Laura Schmitt and Onyeneke, Robert Ugochukwu and Chiemela, Stella Nwawulu and Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O. and Rivers, Louie, III}, year={2019}, month={Jun} }
 @article{wood_ansah_rivers_ligmann-zielinska_2019, title={Examining climate change and food security in Ghana through an intersectional framework}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85073950754&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/03066150.2019.1655639}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT As the effects of climate change intensify, subsistence farmers in Ghana are expected to face increased food insecurity, due to their reliance on rainfed agriculture. Within households, young women are expected to support all aspects of household food security, and will experience a more burdensome load of labor, as a dwindling stock of natural resources will make daily tasks more time consuming. The intersection of age, gender, and location inhibits young women's decision-making responsibilities and wage-earning potential. Climate change exacerbates this dynamic, which restricts opportunities to acquire sufficient food and places increased stress on household food systems.}, journal={Journal of Peasant Studies}, author={Wood, A.L. and Ansah, P. and Rivers, L. and Ligmann-Zielinska, A.}, year={2019} }
 @article{barnhill-dilling_rivers_delborne_2019, title={Rooted in Recognition: Indigenous Environmental Justice and the Genetically Engineered American Chestnut Tree}, volume={33}, ISSN={0894-1920 1521-0723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2019.1685145}, DOI={10.1080/08941920.2019.1685145}, abstractNote={Abstract The restoration plan for the American chestnut tree includes the potential wild release of a genetically engineered tree in close proximity to the sovereign Haudenosaunee communities of Central and Upstate New York. As such, inclusive deliberative frameworks are needed to consider the implications for these communities. Indigenous environmental justice highlights the importance of recognizing tribal sovereignty and Indigenous worldviews as foundational to more just environmental governance. This paper examines how the case of genetically engineered American chestnut tree highlights the importance of recognizing tribal sovereignty and Indigenous worldviews in considering a GE organism for species restoration.}, number={1}, journal={Society & Natural Resources}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Barnhill-Dilling, S. Kathleen and Rivers, Louie and Delborne, Jason A.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={83–100} }
 @article{ligmann-zielinska_rivers_2018, title={A holistic vision for food security research}, volume={38}, ISSN={2194-5403 2194-5411}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10669-018-9680-Y}, DOI={10.1007/s10669-018-9680-y}, number={1}, journal={Environment Systems and Decisions}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Ligmann-Zielinska, Arika and Rivers, Louie}, year={2018}, month={Mar}, pages={3–5} }
 @article{garcia-cuerva_berglund_rivers_2018, title={An integrated approach to place Green Infrastructure strategies in marginalized communities and evaluate stormwater mitigation}, volume={559}, ISSN={0022-1694}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.066}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.066}, abstractNote={Increasing urbanization augments impervious surface area, which results in increased run off volumes and peak flows. Green Infrastructure (GI) approaches are a decentralized alternative for sustainable urban stormwater and provide an array of ecosystem services and foster community building by enhancing neighborhood aesthetics, increasing property value, and providing shared green spaces. While projects involving sustainability concepts and environmental design are favored in privileged communities, marginalized communities have historically been located in areas that suffer from environmental degradation. Underprivileged communities typically do not receive as many social and environmental services as advantaged communities. This research explores GI-based management strategies that are evaluated at the watershed scale to improve hydrological performance by mitigating storm water run off volumes and peak flows. GI deployment strategies are developed to address environmental justice issues by prioritizing placement in communities that are underprivileged and locations with high outreach potential. A hydrologic/hydraulic stormwater model is developed using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM 5.1) to simulate the impacts of alternative management strategies. Management scenarios include the implementation of rain water harvesting in private households, the decentralized implementation of bioretention cells in private households, the centralized implementation of bioretention cells in municipally owned vacant land, and combinations of those strategies. Realities of implementing GI on private and public lands are taken into account to simulate various levels of coverage and routing for bioretention cell scenarios. The effects of these strategies are measured by the volumetric reduction of run off and reduction in peak flow; social benefits are not evaluated. This approach is applied in an underprivileged community within the Walnut Creek Watershed in Raleigh, North Carolina.}, journal={Journal of Hydrology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Garcia-Cuerva, Laura and Berglund, Emily Zechman and Rivers, Louie, III}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={648–660} }
 @article{rivers_sanga_sidibe_wood_paudel_marquart-pyatt_ligmann-zielinska_olabisi_du_liverpool-tasie_2018, title={Correction to: Mental models of food security in rural Mali (Environment Systems and Decisions, (2018), 38, 1, (33-51), 10.1007/s10669-017-9669-y)}, volume={38}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85044447005&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s10669-018-9682-9}, abstractNote={The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The acknowledgement section is inadvertently omitted. The missing acknowledgement is given below.}, number={2}, journal={Environment Systems and Decisions}, author={Rivers, L. and Sanga, U. and Sidibe, A. and Wood, A. and Paudel, R. and Marquart-Pyatt, S.T. and Ligmann-Zielinska, A. and Olabisi, L.S. and Du, E.J. and Liverpool-Tasie, S.}, year={2018}, pages={274} }
 @misc{mchale_beck_pickett_childers_cadenasso_rivers_swemmer_ebersohn_twine_bunn_2018, title={Democratization of ecosystem services-a radical approach for assessing nature's benefits in the face of urbanization}, volume={4}, ISSN={["2332-8878"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85052472756&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/20964129.2018.1480905}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY}, author={McHale, Melissa R. and Beck, Scott M. and Pickett, Steward T. A. and Childers, Daniel L. and Cadenasso, Mary L. and Rivers, Louie, III and Swemmer, Louise and Ebersohn, Liesel and Twine, Wayne and Bunn, David N.}, year={2018}, pages={115–131} }
 @article{young_webster_cox_raakjaer_blaxekjaer_einarsson_virginia_acheson_bromley_cardwell_et al._2018, title={Moving beyond panaceas in fisheries governance}, volume={115}, ISSN={["0027-8424"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85053008605&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1716545115}, abstractNote={In fisheries management—as in environmental governance more generally—regulatory arrangements that are thought to be helpful in some contexts frequently become panaceas or, in other words, simple formulaic policy prescriptions believed to solve a given problem in a wide range of contexts, regardless of their actual consequences. When this happens, management is likely to fail, and negative side effects are common. We focus on the case of individual transferable quotas to explore the panacea mindset, a set of factors that promote the spread and persistence of panaceas. These include conceptual narratives that make easy answers like panaceas seem plausible, power disconnects that create vested interests in panaceas, and heuristics and biases that prevent people from accurately assessing panaceas. Analysts have suggested many approaches to avoiding panaceas, but most fail to conquer the underlying panacea mindset. Here, we suggest the codevelopment of an institutional diagnostics toolkit to distill the vast amount of information on fisheries governance into an easily accessible, open, on-line database of checklists, case studies, and related resources. Toolkits like this could be used in many governance settings to challenge users’ understandings of a policy’s impacts and help them develop solutions better tailored to their particular context. They would not replace the more comprehensive approaches found in the literature but would rather be an intermediate step away from the problem of panaceas.}, number={37}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={Young, Oran R. and Webster, D. G. and Cox, Michael E. and Raakjaer, Jesper and Blaxekjaer, Lau Ofjord and Einarsson, Niels and Virginia, Ross A. and Acheson, James and Bromley, Daniel and Cardwell, Emma and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={9065–9073} }
 @article{hubbell_kaufman_rivers_schulte_hagler_clougherty_cascio_costa_2018, title={Understanding social and behavioral drivers and impacts of air quality sensor use}, volume={621}, ISSN={["1879-1026"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85036562084&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.275}, abstractNote={Lower-cost air quality sensors (hundreds to thousands of dollars) are now available to individuals and communities. This technology is undergoing a rapid and fragmented evolution, resulting in sensors that have uncertain data quality, measure different air pollutants and possess a variety of design attributes. Why and how individuals and communities choose to use sensors is arguably influenced by social context. For example, community experiences with environmental exposures and health effects and related interactions with industry and government can affect trust in traditional air quality monitoring. To date, little social science research has been conducted to evaluate why or how sensors, and sensor data, are used by individuals and communities, or how the introduction of sensors changes the relationship between communities and air quality managers.This commentary uses a risk governance/responsible innovation framework to identify opportunities for interdisciplinary research that brings together social scientists with air quality researchers involved in developing, testing, and deploying sensors in communities.Potential areas for social science research include communities of sensor users; drivers for use of sensors and sensor data; behavioral, socio-political, and ethical implications of introducing sensors into communities; assessing methods for communicating sensor data; and harnessing crowdsourcing capabilities to analyze sensor data.Social sciences can enhance understanding of perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and other human factors that drive levels of engagement with and trust in different types of air quality data. New transdisciplinary research bridging social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and design fields of study, and involving citizen scientists working with professionals from a variety of backgrounds, can increase our understanding of air sensor technology use and its impacts on air quality and public health.}, journal={SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}, author={Hubbell, Bryan J. and Kaufman, Amanda and Rivers, Louie and Schulte, Kayla and Hagler, Gayle and Clougherty, Jane and Cascio, Wayne and Costa, Dan}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={886–894} }
 @article{rivers_2018, title={Using big data to accomplish a huge job}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2398-9629"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85055110566&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1038/s41893-018-0157-2}, abstractNote={Are we making the best use of data in our efforts to protect the natural environment? A new study suggests that we could be doing much better.}, number={10}, journal={NATURE SUSTAINABILITY}, author={Rivers, Louie, III}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={537–537} }
 @article{beiglou_gibbs_rivers_adhikari_mitchell_2017, title={Applicability of Benford's Law to Compliance Assessment of Self-Reported Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge Data}, volume={19}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85032199422&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1142/S146433321750017X}, abstractNote={The United States (U.S.) environmental regulatory system relies heavily on self-reports to assess compliance among regulated facilities. However, the regulatory agencies have expressed concerns regarding the potential for fraud in self-reports and suggested that the likelihood of detection in the federal and state enforcement processes is low. In this paper, we apply Benford’s Law to three years of self-reported discharge parameters from wastewater treatment plant facilities in one U.S. state. We conclude that Benford’s Law alone may not be a reliable method for detecting potential data mishandling for individual facility–parameter combinations, but may provide information about the types of parameters most likely to be fraudulently reported and types of facilities most likely to do so. From a regulatory perspective, this information may help to prioritise potential fraud risks in self reporting and better direct limited resources.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management}, author={Beiglou, P.H.B. and Gibbs, C. and Rivers, L. and Adhikari, U. and Mitchell, J.}, year={2017} }
 @article{whitley_rivers iii_mattes_marquart-pyatt_ligmann-zielinska_olabisi_du_2017, title={Climate-induced migration: using mental models to explore aggregate and individual decision-making}, volume={21}, ISSN={1366-9877 1466-4461}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1281331}, DOI={10.1080/13669877.2017.1281331}, abstractNote={The US Dust Bowl of the 1930s (a prolong period of drought experienced in the United States accompanied by severe sand storms) is often described as an abnormal event. However, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of similar occurrences. Because of this, a growing number of scholars have begun to examine multiple facets of climate-induced migration from various disciplinary traditions. Specifically, scholars have called for continued research into individual decision-making processes. Responding to this call, we construct a mental model from historical interviews of those who migrated to California during the US Dust Bowl. Our model provides insight into the migration process with a unique focus on individual decision-making processes of migrants.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Risk Research}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Whitley, Cameron Thomas and Rivers III, Louie and Mattes, Seven and Marquart-Pyatt, Sandra T. and Ligmann-Zielinska, Arika and Olabisi, Laura Schmitt and Du, Jing}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={1019–1035} }
 @inbook{gibbs_mcgarrell_axelrod_rivers_2017, title={Conservation criminology and the global trade in electronic waste: Applying a multi-disciplinary research framework}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85061752331&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.4324/9781315084589}, abstractNote={Contents: Introduction Part I Thinking about Transnational Environmental Crime: Transnational environmental crime: exploring (un)charted territory, Liselotte Bisschop Conceptualising and combating transnational environmental crime, Glen Wright The global transference of toxic harms, Diane Heckenberg Causes for speciesism: difference, distance and denial, Ragnhild Sollund Dire forecast: a theoretical model of the impact of climate change on crime, Robert Agnew Where might we be headed? Some of the possible consequences of climate change for the criminological research agenda, Stephen Farrall. Part II Conflicts, Victimisation and the Environment: Cross-national environmental injustice and human rights issues: a review of evidence in the developing world, Francis O. Adeola Environmental disputes and human rights violations: a role for criminologists, Richard D. Clark When social movements bypass the poor: asbestos pollution, international litigation and Griqua cultural identity, Linda Waldman Deforestation crimes and conflicts in the Amazon, Tim Boekhout van Solinge Toward defining the concept of environmental crime on the basis of sustainability, Ali Mohamed Al-Damkhi, Ali Mohamed Khuraibet, Sabah Ahmed Abdul-Wahab and Faten Abdul-Hameed Al-Attar. Part III Pollution and Waste: Green criminology and dirty collar crime, Vincenzo Ruggiero and Nigel South Is it all going to waste? Illegal transports of e-waste in a European trade hub, Liselot Bisschop International waste trafficking: preliminary explorations, Ana KlenovA!ek and Goradz MeA!ko Conservation criminology and the global trade in electronic waste: applying a multi-disciplinary research framework, Carole Gibbs, Edmund F. McGarrell, Mark Axelrod and Louie Rivers III Toxic atmospheres: air pollution, trade and the politics of regulation, Reece Walters. Part IV Biodiversity and Wildlife Crime: The a corporate colonisation of naturea (TM): bio-prospecting, bio-piracy and the development of green criminology, Nigel South Crime, bio-agriculture and the exploitation of hunger, Reece Walters The transnational illegal wildlife trade, Greg L. Warchol The international ban on ivory sales and its effect on elephant poaching in Africa, Andrew M. Lemieux and Ronald V. Clarke Preventing wildlife crimes: solutions that can overcome the a tragedy of the commonsa (TM), Stephen F. Pires and William D. Moreto. Part V Combating Transnational Environmental Crimes: Police, law enforcement and the environment, Kevin Tomkins Strengthening the weakest links: strategies for improving the enforcement of environmental laws globally, Anita Sundari Akella and James B. Cannon Usage of special investigation measures in detecting environmental crime: international and Macedonian perspective, Marina Malis Sazdovska Cross-border police cooperation in tackling environmental crime, Toine Spapens NGO engagement in environmental law enforcement: critical reflections, Rob White Name index.}, booktitle={Transnational Environmental Crime}, author={Gibbs, C. and McGarrell, E.F. and Axelrod, M. and Rivers, L.}, year={2017}, pages={297–320} }
 @article{denny_marquart-pyatt_ligmann-zielinska_olabisi_rivers_du_liverpool-tasie_2017, title={Food security in Africa: a cross-scale, empirical investigation using structural equation modeling}, volume={38}, ISSN={2194-5403 2194-5411}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10669-017-9652-7}, DOI={10.1007/s10669-017-9652-7}, number={1}, journal={Environment Systems and Decisions}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Denny, Riva C. H. and Marquart-Pyatt, Sandra T. and Ligmann-Zielinska, Arika and Olabisi, Laura Schmitt and Rivers, Louie and Du, Jing and Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={6–22} }
 @misc{rivers_gibbs_paternoster_2017, title={Integrating Criminological and Decision Research Theory: Implications for Understanding and Addressing Crime in Marginalized Communities}, volume={38}, ISSN={["1521-0456"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84979049920&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/01639625.2016.1196948}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Minority groups are significantly overrepresented in crime. Theories of racial differences in crime developed using two separate and distinct approaches that highlight either increased exposure to criminogenic factors at the individual level or greater risk of crime due to disadvantaged neighborhood conditions. Neighborhood theories describe how structural disadvantage disrupts neighborhood social processes and produces oppositional street cultures. In the article, we advance theorizing on race and crime by linking the neighborhood experience to individual-level decision making via new conceptualizations of culture. Rather than a “values as goals” view of culture, culture may include a “tool kit” of ways to solve problems and this cultural toolkit may, in turn, influence how an individual makes decisions. Specifically, culturally learned toolkits may increase flaws in the decision process (e.g., fast and intuitive rather than deliberate decision processes, the use of decision heuristics) to produce more crime, which would explain the association between race and crime. We integrate this conceptualization of culture and these flaws in the decision-making process into rational choice theory at the individual level and describe how they may be exacerbated in disadvantaged neighborhood contexts. Implications for understanding race and crime and directions for future research are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={DEVIANT BEHAVIOR}, author={Rivers, Louie, III and Gibbs, Carole and Paternoster, Raymond}, year={2017}, pages={74–93} }
 @article{rivers iii_sanga_sidibe_wood_paudel_marquart-pyatt_ligmann-zielinska_olabisi_du_liverpool-tasie_2017, title={Mental models of food security in rural Mali}, volume={38}, ISSN={2194-5403 2194-5411}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10669-017-9669-Y}, DOI={10.1007/s10669-017-9669-y}, number={1}, journal={Environment Systems and Decisions}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Rivers III, Louie and Sanga, Udita and Sidibe, Amadou and Wood, Alexa and Paudel, Rajiv and Marquart-Pyatt, Sandra T. and Ligmann-Zielinska, Arika and Olabisi, Laura Schmitt and Du, Eric Jing and Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={33–51} }
 @article{schmitt olabisi_liverpool-tasie_rivers_ligmann-zielinska_du_denny_marquart-pyatt_sidibé_2017, title={Using participatory modeling processes to identify sources of climate risk in West Africa}, volume={38}, ISSN={2194-5403 2194-5411}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10669-017-9653-6}, DOI={10.1007/s10669-017-9653-6}, abstractNote={Participatory modeling has been widely recognized in recent years as a powerful tool for dealing with risk and uncertainty. By incorporating multiple perspectives into the structure of a model, we hypothesize that sources of risk can be identified and analyzed more comprehensively compared to traditional ‘expert-driven’ models. However, one of the weaknesses of a participatory modeling process is that it is typically not feasible to involve more than a few dozen people in model creation, and valuable perspectives on sources of risk may therefore be absent. We sought to address this weakness by conducting parallel participatory modeling processes in three countries in West Africa with similar climates and smallholder agricultural systems, but widely differing political and cultural contexts. Stakeholders involved in the agricultural sector in Ghana, Mali, and Nigeria participated in either a scenario planning process or a causal loop diagramming process, in which they were asked about drivers of agricultural productivity and food security, and sources of risk, including climate risk, between the present and mid-century (2035–2050). Participants in all three workshops identified both direct and indirect sources of climate risk, as they interact with other critical drivers of agricultural systems change, such as water availability, political investment in agriculture, and land availability. We conclude that participatory systems methods are a valuable addition to the suite of methodologies for analyzing climate risk and that scientists and policy-makers would do well to consider dynamic interactions between drivers of risk when assessing the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change.}, number={1}, journal={Environment Systems and Decisions}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Schmitt Olabisi, Laura and Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda and Rivers, Louie and Ligmann-Zielinska, Arika and Du, Jing and Denny, Riva and Marquart-Pyatt, Sandra and Sidibé, Amadou}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={23–32} }
 @inproceedings{garcia-cuerva_berglund_rivers_2016, title={Exploring Strategies for LID Implementation in Marginalized Communities and Urbanizing Watersheds}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84976484562&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1061/9780784479889.005}, abstractNote={Increasing urbanization augments impervious surface area which results in increased run off volumes and peak flows. Low impact development (LID) approaches present a decentralized alternative for sustainable urban stormwater and provide water conservation opportunities. They also provide a wide array of ecosystem services and foster community building by enhancing neighborhood aesthetics, increasing property value, and providing shared green spaces. While projects involving sustainability concepts and environmental design are favored in privileged communities, marginalized communities have historically been located in areas that suffer from environmental degradation. Underprivileged communities typically do not receive as many social and environmental services as advantaged communities. This research develops a participatory decision-making approach to address environmental justice for marginalized communities and explore LID strategies at the watershed scale for improving hydrological performance and mitigating flooding. Focus groups are designed and conducted to solicit input from community members, stakeholders, and community advocates about sustainable stormwater management alternatives. Input will be used to develop LID strategies that meet community goals, such as maximizing the provision of ecosystem services, providing water conservation opportunities, and fostering community building. A hydrologic/hydraulic stormwater modeling system will be developed using HEC-HMS and SWMM to simulate the stormwater impacts of rain water harvesting systems, green roofs, and bioretention cells. This approach will be implemented for a marginalized community within the Walnut Creek Watershed in Raleigh, North Carolina. On-going research will seek further feedback from the community about LID strategies that are developed using the hydrologic/hydraulic modeling system to assess preferences about LID decisions and tradeoffs among design goals.}, booktitle={World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2016: Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater and Urban Watershed Symposium - Papers from Sessions of the Proceedings of the 2016 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress}, author={Garcia-Cuerva, L. and Berglund, E.Z. and Rivers, Louie}, year={2016}, pages={41–50} }
 @article{andries_simon_rivers_2016, title={Third thursday thing: A success story for reaching underserved clients}, volume={54}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84984844764&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Extension}, author={Andries, K.M. and Simon, M. and Rivers, L.}, year={2016} }
 @article{rivers_dempsey_mitchell_gibbs_2015, title={Environmental Regulation and Enforcement: Structures, Processes and the Use of Data for Fraud Detection}, volume={17}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84955204818&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1142/S1464333215500337}, abstractNote={Several major environmental programmes require regulated entities to measure and self-report pollutant levels to state regulatory agencies. This data is used to assess compliance, but critics suggest that it could be used more effectively to detect fraud in self-reports, a criminal offense. Efforts to develop and implement fraud detection tools are restricted by a lack of knowledge regarding how regulatory and enforcement systems operate in regulatory agencies and whether/how data is used, particularly for fraud detection. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a case study of these issues in one state environmental agency. We triangulate interview, focus group and observational data to describe the current system and assess points in the system in which data is being used. We draw upon organisational learning theory to suggest the ways to use data more effectively in the future, particularly to improve fraud detection.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management}, author={Rivers, L. and Dempsey, T. and Mitchell, J. and Gibbs, C.}, year={2015} }
 @article{mchale_pickett_barbosa_bunn_cadenasso_childers_gartin_hess_iwaniec_mcphearson_et al._2015, title={The new global urban realm: Complex, connected, diffuse, and diverse social-ecological systems}, volume={7}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84934882118&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/su7055211}, abstractNote={Urbanization continues to be a transformative process globally, affecting ecosystem integrity and the health and well being of people around the world. Although cities tend to be centers for both the production and consumption of goods and services that degrade natural environments, there is also evidence that urban ecosystems can play a positive role in sustainability efforts. Despite the fact that most of the urbanization is now occurring in the developing countries of the Global South, much of what we know about urban ecosystems has been developed from studying cities in the United States and across Europe. We propose a conceptual framework to broaden the development of urban ecological research and its application to sustainability. Our framework describes four key contemporary urban features that should be accounted for in any attempt to build a unified theory of cities that contributes to urban sustainability efforts. We evaluated a range of examples from cities around the world, highlighting how urban areas are complex, connected, diffuse and diverse and what these interconnected features mean for the study of urban ecosystems and sustainability.}, number={5}, journal={Sustainability (Switzerland)}, author={McHale, M.R. and Pickett, S.T.A. and Barbosa, O. and Bunn, D.N. and Cadenasso, M.L. and Childers, D.L. and Gartin, M. and Hess, G.R. and Iwaniec, D.M. and McPhearson, T. and et al.}, year={2015}, pages={5211–5240} }
 @article{gibbs_cassidy_rivers_2013, title={A routine activities analysis of white-collar crime in carbon markets}, volume={35}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84883552482&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/lapo.12009}, abstractNote={Scholars recently called for increased analysis of opportunity structures that produce white‐collar crimes in legitimate business systems. In the current research, we use mental models, a tool from cognitive psychology, to describe opportunity structures for white‐collar crime in the European Emissions Trading System, the largest carbon market in the world. Specifically, we use routine activities theory to describe the convergence of motivated offenders and suitable targets in the absence of capable guardians in different parts of the system. Implications for utilizing routine activities theory to understand and address crime in carbon markets are discussed.}, number={4}, journal={Law and Policy}, author={Gibbs, C. and Cassidy, M.B. and Rivers, L.}, year={2013}, pages={341–374} }
 @book{effective risk communication_2013, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84917483214&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.4324/9780203109861}, abstractNote={Introduction Joseph Arvai and Louie Rivers III 1. A Relational Theory of Risk: Lessons for risk communication Asa Boholm and Herve Corvellec 2. Video Interventions for Risk Communication and Decision Making Julie S. Downs 3. Communicating inconclusive scientific evidence Peter M. Wiedemann, Franziska U. Boerner and Holger Schutz 4. Communicating about Uncertainty in Multi-Stakeholder Groups Robin Gregory and Nate Dieckmann 5. New transparency policies: risk communication's doom? Ragnar E. Lofstedt and Frederic Boude 6. Social distrust and its implications for risk communication: An example from high level radioactive waste management Seth P. Tuler and Roger E. Kasperson 7. Fairness, Public Engagement, and Risk Communication John C. Besley and Katherine A. McComas 8. Why risk communicators should care about the fairness and competence of their public engagement process Thomas Webler 9. Risk Communication in Social Media Liz Neeley 10. The 'Mental Models' Methodology for Developing Communications: Adaptations for informing public risk management decisions about emerging technologies Lauren A. Fleishman-Mayer and Wandi Bruine de Bruin 11. Construing Risk: Implications for Risk Communication Adam Zwickle and Robyn S. Wilson 12. Risk Communication and Moral Emotions Sabine Roeser and Jessica Nihlen Fahlquist 13. The Role of Channel Beliefs in Risk Information Seeking 14. Risk Communication: Insights from the Decision Sciences Joseph Arvai and Victoria Campbell-Arvai 15. Risk Communication for Empowerment: An Ultimate or Elusive Goal? Cindy G. Jardine and S.M. Driedger 16. Learning from Risk Communication Failures William Leiss 17. Exploring Unintended Consequences of Risk Communication Messages Charles T. Salmon, Sahara Byrne and Laleah Fernandez 18. Boomerang Effects in Risk Communication P. Sol Hart 19. The Role of Social and Decision Sciences in Communicating Uncertain Climate Risks Nick Pidgeon and Baruch Fischhoff}, journal={Effective Risk Communication}, year={2013}, pages={1–342} }
 @article{parker_wilson_lejeune_rivers_doohan_2012, title={An expert guide to understanding grower decisions related to fresh fruit and vegetable contamination prevention and control}, volume={26}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84863398231&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.12.025}, abstractNote={This research intends to refocus the on-farm fresh produce food safety paradigm away from an emphasis on knowledge deficit models and ready-made or tightly-coupled, reductionist solutions toward a loosely-coupled systems approach. The dynamic environment of produce farming and multi-dimensional objectives of produce growers create manifold pathways to address farm-specific food safety concerns. We propose a systems approach to facilitate increased decision making of growers using farm-specific criteria to improve their efforts. Currently, social and psychological dimensions of fresh produce food safety are overlooked in program development with preference given to bio-physical knowledge and technological solutions. In this paper, we describe a comprehensive model that was developed through a formal expert elicitation and literature review for the purpose of enhancing education and policy development and improving the microbiological safety of fresh and fresh cut produce. This model illuminates the intrinsic interrelationships among farm scale, marketing practices, and the need for appropriate food safety interventions. We further discuss how this loosely-coupled systems perspective can both aid our understanding of grower decision making and provide a basis for developing equitable solutions to on-farm food safety issues as part of a social-psychological approach to addressing these issues.}, number={1}, journal={Food Control}, author={Parker, J.S. and Wilson, R.S. and LeJeune, J.T. and Rivers, L. and Doohan, D.}, year={2012}, pages={107–116} }
 @article{rivers_norris_mcgarrell_2012, title={Mental model of the drug market intervention}, volume={42}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875379963&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1177/0022042612436653}, abstractNote={ Recent years have witnessed the growth of the so-called “pulling-levers” approach to reducing gang and gun violence, and more recently, to eliminate overt drug markets. Research has indicated promising results, at least in terms of impact at a community level, yet much remains to be known about the theoretical foundation of these interventions. The current research utilizes an approach developed in the cognitive sciences to examine these theoretical foundations. Specifically, the “mental models” approach to developing graphical representations of how people know, perceive, make decisions, and construct behavior is applied to the drug market intervention strategy as originally developed in High Point, North Carolina. In-depth interviews were conducted with police officials, social service providers, and community partners to better understand how this strategy was developed and what these “experts” believe are the foundation of the strategy. The findings indicate a complex logic model undergirding the strategy with multiple theoretical components. }, number={1}, journal={Journal of Drug Issues}, author={Rivers, L. and Norris, A. and McGarrell, E.F.}, year={2012}, pages={59–81} }
 @article{rivers_arvai_slovic_2010, title={Beyond a simple case of black and white: Searching for the white male effect in the African-American community}, volume={30}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-73649143908&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01313.x}, abstractNote={Prior research focusing on risk perceptions has led to the observation that well‐educated and politically conservative white males tend to systematically perceive lower levels of risk from a wide range of hazards when compared to other members of society (e.g., white women, nonwhite women and men). While this “white male effect (WME)” is quite striking given that many policymakers fall into this group, a byproduct of this finding is that it deflects attention from the heterogeneity, in terms of people's concerns about risks, that exists in African‐American and other minority communities. The research reported here set out to explore this heterogeneity by asking a simple question: Can a phenomenon similar to the WME be found in the African‐American community? It can, and its implications for research and practice in risk management are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={Risk Analysis}, author={Rivers, L. and Arvai, J. and Slovic, P.}, year={2010}, pages={65–77} }
 @article{introducing conservation criminology towards interdisciplinary scholarship on environmental crimes and risks_2010, volume={50}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-72749105163&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1093/bjc/azp045}, abstractNote={Environmental crimes, noncompliance and risks create significant harm to the health of humans and the natural world. Yet, the field of criminology has historically shown relatively little interest in the topic. The emergence of environmental or green criminology over the past decade marks a shift in this trend, but attempts to define a unique area of study have been extensively criticized. In the following paper, we offer a conceptual framework, called conservation criminology, designed to advance current discussions of green crime via the integration of criminology with natural resource disciplines and risk and decision sciences. Implications of the framework for criminological and general research on environmental crime and risks are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={British Journal of Criminology}, year={2010}, pages={124–144} }
 @article{antonious_ray_rivers_2007, title={Mobility of dimethoate residues from spring broccoli field}, volume={42}, ISSN={0360-1234 1532-4109}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601230601017593}, DOI={10.1080/03601230601017593}, abstractNote={Dimethoate [O, O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl-methyl) phosphorodithioate] is a broad-spectrum systemic insecticide currently used worldwide and on many vegetables in Kentucky. Dimethoate is a hydrophilic compound (log KOW = 0.7) and has the potential of offsite movement from the application site into runoff and infiltration water. The dissipation patterns of dimethoate residues were studied on spring broccoli leaves and heads under field conditions. Following foliar application of Dimethoate 4E on broccoli foliage at the rate of 0.47 L acre−1, dimethoate residues were monitored in soil, runoff water collected down the land slope, and in infiltration water collected from the vadose zone. The study was conducted on a Lowell silty loam soil (pH 6.9) planted with broccoli under three soil management practices: (i) soil mixed with municipal sewage sludge, (ii) soil mixed with yard waste compost, and (iii) no-mulch rototilled bare soil. The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of mixing native soil with municipal sewage sludge or yard waste compost, having considerable amounts of organic matter, on off-site movement of dimethoate residues into runoff and infiltration water following spring rainfall. The initial deposits of dimethoate were 6.2 and 21.4 μ g g−1 on broccoli heads and leaves, respectively. These residues dissipated rapidly and fell below the maximum residue limit of 2 μ g g−1 on the heads and leaves after 10 and 14 d, respectively, with half-lives of 5.7 d on broccoli heads and 3.9 d on the leaves. Dimethoate residues detected in top 15 cm of soil (due to droplet drift and wash off residues from broccoli foliage) one day (d) following spraying, were 30.5 ng g−1 dry soil in the sewage sludge treatment, and 46.1 and 134.5 ng g−1 dry soil in the yard waste and no mulch treatments, respectively. Water infiltration was greater from yard waste compost treatment than from no mulch treatment, however concentrations of dimethoate in the vadose zone of the three soil treatments did not differ.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Antonious, George F. and Ray, Zachary M. and Rivers, Louie, Jr}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={9–14} }
 @article{rivers_arvai_2007, title={Win some, lose some: The effect of chronic losses on decision making under risk}, volume={10}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-36649034841&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/13669870701615172}, abstractNote={Losses, including those that are chronic in nature, are a fact of life. The research reported here was designed to examine, using a controlled experiment, the effect of chronic losses in a given contextual domain on subsequent decisions with uncertain outcomes that take place in the same and in unrelated domains. Randomly selected adult subjects who took part in the experiment were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: One group, chronic losers, was exposed to chronic financial losses as part of a controlled, multi‐round gambling simulation. Groups two and three were exposed to chronic wins and random outcomes, respectively, as part of the same gambling simulation. Results from the experiment revealed that chronic losses, in contrast to random outcomes and chronic wins, had clear effects on decision making in the domain where the initial losses were incurred. Subjects who were exposed to the chronic loss induction demonstrated a significantly higher level of risk aversion when compared with subjects who were exposed to either random outcomes or chronic wins. Subjects exposed to chronic losses also displayed a depressed affective state and a tendency to accept less as an outcome of future decisions, and still consider it to be a satisfactory result, when compared to subjects in the two control conditions. There appears to be no spillover, however, of a similar degree of risk aversion when considering similar kinds of decisions in unrelated contextual domains. These results seem consistent with prospect theory and the theory of learned helplessness, and have implications for risk communication and management in a variety of contexts.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Risk Research}, author={Rivers, L. and Arvai, J.}, year={2007}, pages={1085–1099} }
 @article{rivers_2006, title={A post-Katrina call to action for the risk analysis community [1]}, volume={26}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645108033&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00718.x}, abstractNote={No abstract available.}, number={1}, journal={Risk Analysis}, author={Rivers, L.}, year={2006}, pages={1–2} }
 @article{arvai_campbell_baird_rivers_2004, title={Teaching Students to Make Better Decisions About the Environment: Lessons From the Decision Sciences}, volume={36}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85010763758&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3200/JOEE.36.1.33-44}, abstractNote={One of the fundamental goals of environmental education (EE) is to equip students with the skills to make more thoughtful decisions about environmental issues. Many examples of environmental and science education curricula work to address this goal by providing students with up-to-date information about a myriad of environmental issues from a variety of scientific disciplines. As noted by previous researchers in EE, an emphasis on scientific information, however, does not help to overcome many of the barriers to improved decision making. To help students become better environmental decision makers, educators must also work to incorporate lessons about decision making in conventional EE curricula. This article provides an overview of findings from the decision sciences and behavioral decision research to highlight some of the most common impediments to high-quality decision making. The authors end with suggestions for curriculum development that might help to improve students' decision-making skills regarding environmental issues.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Environmental Education}, author={Arvai, J.L. and Campbell, V.E.A. and Baird, A. and Rivers, L.}, year={2004}, pages={33–44} }