@article{hipp_bird_van bakergem_yarnall_2017, title={Moving targets: Promoting physical activity in public spaces via open streets in the US}, volume={103}, ISSN={0091-7435}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.014}, DOI={10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.014}, abstractNote={Popularity of Open Streets, temporarily opening streets to communities and closing streets to vehicles, in the US has recently surged. As of January 2016, 122 cities have hosted an Open Streets program. Even with this great expansion, the sustainability of Open Streets remains a challenge in many cities and overall Open Streets in the US differ from their successful counterparts in Central and South America. Between summer 2015 and winter 2016, we reviewed the websites and social media of the 122 identified programs and interviewed 32 unique Open Streets programs. Websites and social media were reviewed for program initiation, number of Open Streets days, length of routes, duration of program, and reported participation. Interview questions focused on barriers and facilitators of expanding Open Streets and specific questioning regarding local evaluation activities. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed with constant comparative methodology. Over three-quarters of US Open Streets programs have been initiated since 2010, with median frequency of one time per year, 4h per date, and 5000-9999 participants. Seventy-seven percent of program routes are under 5km in length. Success of programs was measured by enthusiasm, attendance, social media, survey metrics, and sustainability. Thirteen of 32 program organizers expressed interest in expanding their programs to 12 dates per year, but noted consistent barriers to expansion including funding, permitting, and branding. Though many cities now host Open Streets programs, their ability to effect public health remains limited with few program dates per year. Coordinated efforts, especially around funding, permitting, and branding may assist in expanding program dates.}, journal={Preventive Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hipp, J. Aaron and Bird, Alyssa and van Bakergem, Margaret and Yarnall, Elizabeth}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={S15–S20} }
 @article{van bakergem_sommer_heerman_hipp_barkin_2017, title={Objective reports versus subjective perceptions of crime and their relationships to accelerometer-measured physical activity in Hispanic caretaker-child dyads}, volume={95}, ISSN={0091-7435}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.001}, DOI={10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.001}, abstractNote={Crime and safety are commonly cited barriers to physical activity (PA). We had three objectives, 1) describe the association between objective crime measures and perceptions of crime, 2) analyze the relationships between each type of crime and accelerometer-measured physical activity in caretakers and young children (ages 3–5 years), and 3) explore for early gender differences in the relationship between crime and physical activity in young children. Data are from the cross-sectional baseline data of an ongoing randomized controlled trial in Nashville, Tennessee spanning September 2012 through May 2014. Data was analyzed from 480 Hispanic dyads (adult caretaker and 3–5 year old child). Objective crime rate was assessed in ArcGIS and perception of crime was measured by caretaker agreement with the statement “The crime rate in my neighborhood makes it unsafe to go on walks.” The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured physical activity over seven consecutive days. Objective and perceived crime were significantly positively correlated. Caretaker vigorous PA was significantly related to perceptions of crime; however, its relationship to objective crime was not significant. Child PA was not significantly related to caretaker perceptions of crime. However, interactions suggested that the relationship between crime rate and PA was significantly more negative for girls than for boys. Objective and subjective measures of crime rate are expected to be important correlates of PA, but they appear to have complex relationships that are different for adults than they are for young children, as well as for young girls compared to boys, and research has produced conflicting findings.}, journal={Preventive Medicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={van Bakergem, Margaret and Sommer, Evan C. and Heerman, William J. and Hipp, James Aaron and Barkin, Shari L.}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={S68–S74} }
 @article{heerman_mitchell_thompson_martin_sommer_bakergem_taylor_buchowski_barkin_2016, title={Parental perception of built environment characteristics and built environment use among Latino families: a cross-sectional study}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1471-2458"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12889-016-3854-7}, abstractNote={Perception of undesirable features may inhibit built environment use for physical activity among underserved families with children at risk for obesity.To examine the association of perceived availability, condition, and safety of the built environment with its self-reported use for physical activity, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Adjusted Poisson regression was used to test the association between the primary independent variables (perceived availability, physical condition, and safety) with the primary outcome of self-reported use of built environment structures.Among 610 parents (90% Latino) of preschool-age children, 158 (26%) reported that there were no available built environment structures for physical activity in the neighborhood. The use of built environment structures was associated with the perceived number of available structures (B = 0.34, 95% CI 0.31, 0.37, p < 0.001) and their perceived condition (B = 0.19, 95% CI 0.12, 0.27, p = 0.001), but not with perceived safety (B = 0.00, 95% CI -0.01, 0.01, p = 0.7).In this sample of underserved families, perceived availability and condition of built environment structures were associated with use rather than perceived safety. To encourage physical activity among underserved families, communities need to invest in the condition and availability of built environment structures.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01316653 ) on March 11, 2011.}, journal={BMC PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Heerman, William J. and Mitchell, Stephanie J. and Thompson, Jessica and Martin, Nina C. and Sommer, Evan C. and Bakergem, Margaret and Taylor, Julie Lounds and Buchowski, Maciej S. and Barkin, Shari L.}, year={2016}, month={Nov} }