Michael Levy

Lewbart, G. A., Griffioen, J. A., Savo, A., Pablo Munoz-Perez, J., Ortega, C., Loyola, A., … Paez-Rosas, D. (2018). Biochemistry and hematology parameters of the San Cristobal Galapagos tortoise (Chelonoidis chathamensis). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY, 6. https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coy004

Schreeg, M. E., Marr, H. S., Tarigo, J. L., Sherrill, M. K., Outi, H. K., Scholl, E. H., … Birkenheuer, A. J. (2018). Identification of Cytauxzoon felis antigens via protein microarray and assessment of expression library immunization against cytauxzoonosis. CLINICAL PROTEOMICS, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-018-9218-9

Gookin, J. L., Hanrahan, K., & Levy, M. G. (2017). [Review of The conundrum of feline trichomonosis: The more we learn the "trickier' it gets]. JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 19(3), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17693499

Schreeg, M. E., Marr, H. S., Tarigo, J. L., Cohn, L. A., Bird, D. M., Scholl, E. H., … Birkenheuer, A. J. (2016). Mitochondrial Genome Sequences and Structures Aid in the Resolution of Piroplasmida phylogeny. PLOS ONE, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165702

Schreeg, M. E., Marr, H. S., Griffith, E. H., Tarigo, J. L., Bird, D. M., Reichard, M. V., … Birkenheuer, A. J. (2016). PCR amplification of a multi-copy mitochondrial gene (cox3) improves detection of Cytauxzoon felis infection as compared to a ribosomal gene (18S). VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY, 225, 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.013

Schreeg, M. E., Marr, H. S., Tarigo, J. L., Cohn, L. A., Levy, M. G., & Birkenheuer, A. J. (2015). Rapid High-Resolution Melt Analysis of Cytauxzoon felis Cytochrome b To Aid in the Prognosis of Cytauxzoonosis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 53(8), 2517–2524. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00635-15

Levy, M. G., Powers, L. V., Gore, K. C., & Marr, H. S. (2015). Spironucleus meleagridis, an enteric diplomonad protozoan of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus): Preliminary molecular characterization and association with clinical disease. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY, 208(3-4), 169–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.12.028

Ghirardi, R., Levy, M. G., Lopez, J. A., Corbalan, V., Steciow, M. M., & Perotti, M. G. (2014). Endangered amphibians infected with the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in austral temperate wetlands from Argentina. Herpetological Journal, 24(2), 129–133.

Yancey, C. B., Hegarty, B. C., Qurollo, B. A., Levy, M. G., Birkenheuer, A. J., Weber, D. J., … Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2014). Regional Seroreactivity and Vector-Borne Disease Co-Exposures in Dogs in the United States from 2004–2010: Utility of Canine Surveillance. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 14(10), 724–732. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2014.1592

Li, J., D’Annibale-Tolhurst, M. A., Adler, K. B., Fang, S., Yin, Q., Birkenheuer, A. J., … Nordone, S. K. (2013). A Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate–Related Peptide Suppresses Cytokine mRNA and Protein Expression in LPS-Activated Canine Neutrophils. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 48(3), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2012-0278oc

Tarigo, J. L., Scholl, E. H., Bird, D. M. K., Brown, C. C., Cohn, L. A., Dean, G. A., … Birkenheuer, A. J. (2013). A Novel Candidate Vaccine for Cytauxzoonosis Inferred from Comparative Apicomplexan Genomics. PLOS ONE, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071233

Hernandez, S. M., Galbreath, B., Riddle, D. F., Moore, A. P., Palamar, M. B., Levy, M. G., … Yabsley, M. J. (2013). Baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from North Carolina and current status of the parasite in the USA. Parasitology Research, 112(2), 693–698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3186-1

Schreeg, M. E., Marr, H. S., Tarigo, J., Cohn, L. A., Levy, M. G., & Birkenheuer, A. J. (2013). Pharmacogenomics of Cytauxzoon felis Cytochrome b: Implications for Atovaquone and Azithromycin Therapy in Domestic Cats with Cytauxzoonosis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 51(9), 3066–3069. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01407-13

Billeter, S. A., Kasten, R. W., Killmaster, L. F., Breitschwerdt, E. B., Levin, M. L., Levy, M. G., … Chomel, B. B. (2012). Experimental infection by capillary tube feeding of Rhipicephalus sanguineus with Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 35(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2011.09.004

Billeter, S. A., Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Levy, M. G. (2012). Invasion of canine erythrocytes by Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. Veterinary Microbiology, 156(1-2), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.020

Greenspan, S. E., Calhoun, A. J. K., Longcore, J. E., & Levy, M. G. (2012). TRANSMISSION OF BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS TO WOOD FROGS (LITHOBATES SYLVATICUS) VIA A BULLFROG (L. CATESBEIANUS) VECTOR. JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES, 48(3), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.575

Li, J., Birkenheuer, A. J., Marr, H. S., Levy, M. G., Yoder, J. A., & Nordone, S. K. (2011). Expression and function of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) on canine neutrophils. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 35(8), 872–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2011.03.021

Chinnadurai, S. K., Cooper, D., Dombrowski, D. S., Poore, M. F., & Levy, M. G. (2009). EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF NATIVE NORTH CAROLINA SALAMANDERS WITH BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS. JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES, 45(3), 631–636. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.3.631

Billeter, S. A., Diniz, P. P. V. P., Battisti, J. M., Munderloh, U. G., Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Levy, M. G. (2009). Infection and replication of Bartonella species within a tick cell line. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 49(3), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-009-9255-1

Billeter, S. A., Miller, M. K., Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Levy, M. G. (2008). Detection of two Bartonella tamiae-like sequences in Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) using 16S-23S intergenic spacer region-specific primers. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY, 45(1), 176–179. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[176:DOTBTS]2.0.CO;2

Stauffer, S. H., Birkenheuer, A. J., Levy, M. G., Marr, H., & Gookin, J. L. (2008). Evaluation of four DNA extraction methods for the detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in feline stool specimens by polymerase chain reaction. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION, 20(5), 639–641. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870802000518

Levy, J. K., Crawford, P. C., Lappin, M. R., Dubovi, E. J., Levy, M. G., Alleman, R., … Clifford, E. L. (2008). Infectious diseases of dogs and cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol. 22, pp. 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0034.x

Billeter, S. A., Levy, M. G., Chomel, B. B., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2008). Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00713.x

Levy, M. G., Poore, M. F., Colorni, A., Noga, E. J., Vandersea, M. W., & Litaker, R. W. (2007). A highly specific PCR assay for detecting the fish ectoparasite Amyloodinium ocellatum. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 73(3), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao073219

Billeter, S. A., Blanton, H. L., Little, S. E., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2007). Detection of “Rickettsia amblyommii” in Association with a Tick Bite Rash. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 7(4), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2007.0121

Gookin, J. L., Stauffer, S. H., Coccaro, M. R., Poore, M. F., Levy, M. G., & Papich, M. G. (2007). Efficacy of tinidazole for treatment of cats experimentally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 68(10), 1085–1088. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1085

Gookin, J. L., Stauffer, S. H., & Levy, M. G. (2007). Identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in feline fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction assay. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY, 145(1-2), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.020

Gookin, J. L., Stauffer, S. H., Coccaro, M. R., Marcotte, M. J., & Levy, M. G. (2007). Optimization of a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in canine fecal specimens. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH, 68(7), 783–787. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.7.783

Levy, M. G., Litaker, R. W., Goldstein, R. J., Dykstra, M. J., Vandersea, M. W., & Noga, E. J. (2007). Piscinoodinium, a fish-ectoparasitic dinoflagellate, is a member of the class Dinophyceae, subclass Gymnodiniphycidae: Convergent evolution with Amyloodinium. JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, 93(5), 1006–1015. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3585.1

Mitchell, A. J., Goodwin, A. E., & Levy, M. G. (2006). Bolbophorus infections in cultured fathead minnow. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH, 18(1), 55–57. https://doi.org/10.1577/h05-004.1

Birkenheuer, A. J., Le, J. A., Valenzisi, A. M., Tucker, M. D., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2006). Cytauxzoon felisinfection in cats in the mid-Atlantic states: 34 cases (1998–2004). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228(4), 568–571. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.228.4.568

Birkenheuer, A. J., Marr, H., Alleman, A. R., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2006). Development and evaluation of a PCR assay for the detection of Cytauxzoon felis DNA in feline blood samples. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY, 137(1-2), 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.12.007

Gookin, J. L., Copple, C. N., Papich, M. G., Poore, M. F., Stauffer, S. H., Birkenheuer, A. J., … Levy, M. G. (2006). Efficacy of ronidazole for treatment of feline Tritrichomonas foetus infection. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol. 20, pp. 536–543. https://doi.org/10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[536:EORFTO]2.0.CO;2

Birkenheuer, A. J., Whittington, J., Neel, J., Large, E., Barger, A., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2006). Molecular characterization of a Babesia species identified in a North American raccoon. JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES, 42(2), 375–380. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-42.2.375

Schantz, P. M., Steurer, F. J., Duprey, Z. H., Kurpel, K. P., Barr, S. C., Jackson, J. E., … Fox, J. C. (2005). Autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in North America. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 226(8), 1316–1322. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.226.1316

Flowers, JR, Poore, M. F., Pote, L. M., Litaker, R. W., & Levy, M. G. (2005). Cercariae of Bolbophorus damnificus and Bolbophorus sp with notes on North American bolbophorids. COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 72(2), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.1654/4173

Levy, M. G., & Noga, E. J. (2005). Controlling parasitic dinoflagellates of fish, with special emphasis on molecular genetics and immunity. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 51(4), 550.

Birkenheuer, A. J., Correa, M. T., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2005). Geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United States and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000-2003). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 227(6), 942–947. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.942

Gookin, J. L., Birkenheuer, A. J., St John, V., Spector, M., & Levy, M. G. (2005). Molecular characterization of trichomonads from feces of dogs with diarrhea. JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, 91(4), 939–943. https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-474r.1

Bakal, R. S., Hickson, B. H., Gilger, B. C., Levy, M. G., Flowers, J. R., & Khoo, L. (2005). Surgical Removal of Cataracts Due to Diplostomum Species in Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 36(3), 504–508. https://doi.org/10.1638/04-044.1

Dzikowski, R., Levy, M. G., Poore, M. F., Flowers, JR, & Paperna, I. (2004). Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) (Digenea : Clinostomidae) are separate species based on differences in ribosomal DNA. JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, 90(2), 413–414. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-159R

Birkenheuer, A. J., Neel, J., Ruslander, D., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2004). Detection and molecular characterization of a novel large Babesia species in a dog. Veterinary Parasitology, 124(3-4), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.008

Flowers, JR, Poore, M. F., Mullen, J. E., & Levy, M. G. (2004). Digeneans collected from piscivorous birds in north Carolina, USA. COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 71(2), 243–244. https://doi.org/10.1654/4117

Birkenheuer, A. J., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2004). Efficacy of combined atovaquone and azithromycin for therapy of chronic Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) infections in dogs. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol. 18, pp. 494–498. https://doi.org/10.1892/0891-6640(2004)18<494:EOCAAA>2.0.CO;2

Foster, D. M., Gookin, J. L., Poore, M. F., Stebbins, M. E., & Levy, M. G. (2004, September 15). Outcome of cats with diarrhea and Tritrichomonas foetus infection. JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 225, pp. 888–892. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2004.225.888

Gookin, J. L., Stebbins, M. E., Hunt, E., Burlone, K., Fulton, M., Hochel, R., … Levy, M. G. (2004). Prevalence of and risk factors for feline Tritichomonas foetus and Giardia infection. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 42(6), 2707–2710. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.6.2707-2710.2004

Dzikowski, R., Levy, M. G., Poore, M. F., Flowers, JR, & Paperna, I. (2004). Use of rDNA polymorphism for identification of heterophyidae infecting freshwater fishes. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 59(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao059035

Tuttle, A. D., Birkenheuer, A. J., Juopperi, T., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2003). Concurrent bartonellosis and babesiosis in a dog with persistent thrombocytopenia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 223(9), 1306–1310. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.223.1306

Birkenheuer, A. J., Levy, M. G., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2003). Development and Evaluation of a Seminested PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Babesia gibsoni (Asian Genotype) and B. canis DNA in Canine Blood Samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41(9), 4172–4177. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4172-4177.2003

Dzikowski, R., Levy, M. G., Poore, M. F., Flowers, JR, & Paperna, I. (2003). Genetic and morphologic differentiation of Bolbophorus confusus and B-levantinus (Digenea : Diplostomatidae), based on rDNA SSU polymorphism and SEM. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 57(3), 231–235. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao057231

Birkenheuer, A. J., Levy, M. G., Stebbins, M., Poore, M., & Breitschwerdt, E. (2003). Serosurvey of antiBabesia antibodies in stray dogs and American pit bull terriers and American Staffordshire terriers from North Carolina. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, 39(6), 551–557. https://doi.org/10.5326/0390551

Levy, M. G., Gookin, J. L., Poore, M., Birkenheuer, A. J., Dykstra, M. J., & Litaker, R. W. (2003). Tritrichomonas foetus and not Pentatrichomonas hominis is the etiologic agent of feline trichomonal diarrhea. JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY, 89(1), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0099:TFANPH]2.0.CO;2

Gookin, J. L., Foster, D. M., Poore, M. F., Stebbins, M. E., & Levy, M. G. (2003, May 15). Use of a commercially available culture system for diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 222, pp. 1376–1379. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.222.1376

Flowers, JR, Hammerberg, B., Wood, S. L., Malarkey, D. E., Dam, G. J., Levy, M. G., & McLawhorn, L. D. (2002, January 15). Heterobilharzia americana infection in a dog. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Vol. 220, pp. 193–196. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.193

Levy, M. G., Flowers, JR, Poore, M. F., Mullen, J. E., Khoo, L. H., Pote, L. M., … Litaker, R. W. (2002). Morphologic, pathologic, and genetic investigations of Bolbophorus species affecting cultured channel catfish in the Mississippi delta. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH, 14(4), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0235:MPAGIO>2.0.CO;2

Gookin, J. L., Birkenheuer, A. J., Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Levy, M. G. (2002). Single-Tube Nested PCR for Detection of Tritrichomonasfoetus in Feline Feces. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40(11), 4126–4130. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.4126-4130.2002

Gaskin, A. A., Schantz, P., Jackson, J., Birkenheuer, A., Tomlinson, L., Gramiccia, M., … Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2002). Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, 16(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1892/0891-6640(2002)016<0034:VLIANY>2.3.CO;2

Gookin, J. L., Levy, M. G., Law, J. M., Papich, M. G., Poore, M. F., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2001). Experimental infection of cats with Tritrichomonas foetus. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 62(11), 1690–1697. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1690

Birkenheuer, A. J., Levy, M. G., Savary, K. C. M., Gager, R. B., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (1999). Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs from North Carolina. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, 35(2), 125–128. https://doi.org/10.5326/15473317-35-2-125

Litaker, R. W., Tester, P. A., Colorni, A., Levy, M. G., & Noga, E. J. (1999). The phylogenetic relationship of Pfiesteria piscicida, Cryptoperidiniopsoid sp Amyloodinoum ocellatum and a Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellate to other dinoflagellates and apicomplexans. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, 35(6), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3561379.x

Chae, J. S., Levy, M., Hunt, J., Schlater, J., Snider, G., Waghela, S. D., … Wagner, G. G. (1999). Theileria sp infections associated with bovine fatalities in the United States confirmed by small-subunit rRNA gene analyses of blood and tick samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37(9), 3037–3040.

Cobb, C. S., Levy, M. G., & Noga, E. J. (1998). Acquired immunity to amyloodiniosis is associated with an antibody response. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, 34(2), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao034125

Robinette, D., Wada, S., Arroll, T., Levy, M. G., Miller, W. L., & Noga, E. J. (1998). Antimicrobial activity in the skin of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus: characterization of broad-spectrum histone-like antimicrobial proteins. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES, 54(5), 467–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050175

Cobb, C. S., Levy, M. G., & Noga, E. J. (1998). Development of immunity by the tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus to the dinoflagellate parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH, 10(3), 259–263. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0259:DOIBTT>2.0.CO;2

Wang, C. J., Noga, E. J., Avtalion, R., & Levy, M. G. (1998). Whole blood assay for examining lymphocyte blastogenesis of percichthyid bass (Morone): Erratum. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 62(4), 367.

Hegarty, B. C., Levy, M. G., Gager, R. F., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (1997). Immunoblot Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Ehrlichia Canis in Dogs: An International Survey. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 9(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879700900106

Wang, C. J., Noga, E. J., Avtalion, R., & Levy, M. G. (1997). Whole blood assay for examining lymphocyte blastogenesis of percichthyid bass (Morone) mrr01. VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 58(3-4), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00049-4

Levine, J. F., Levy, M., Walker, R. L., & Crittenden, S. (1988). An episode of cryptosporidiosis in veterinary students. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 193, 1413–1414.