@article{ye_song_schapaugh_ali_sinclair_riar_raymond_li_vuong_valliyodan_et al._2020, title={The importance of slow canopy wilting in drought tolerance in soybean}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1460-2431"]}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/erz150}, abstractNote={Physiological mechanisms of slow canopy wilting in early maturity group soybeans were identified and the underlying QTLs were mapped and confirmed to protect soybean yield under drought in the field.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Ye, Heng and Song, Li and Schapaugh, William T. and Ali, Liakat and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Riar, Mandeep K. and Raymond, Raymond N. and Li, Yang and Vuong, Tri and Valliyodan, Babu and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={642–652} }
 @article{steketee_sinclair_riar_schapaugh_li_2019, title={Unraveling the genetic architecture for carbon and nitrogen related traits and leaf hydraulic conductance in soybean using genome-wide association analyses}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1471-2164"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12864-019-6170-7}, abstractNote={Abstract Background Drought stress is a major limiting factor of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production around the world. Soybean plants can ameliorate this stress with improved water-saving, sustained N 2 fixation during water deficits, and/or limited leaf hydraulic conductance. In this study, carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C), which can relate to variation in water-saving capability, was measured. Additionally, nitrogen isotope composition (δ 15 N) and nitrogen concentration that relate to nitrogen fixation were evaluated. Decrease in transpiration rate (DTR) of de-rooted soybean shoots in a silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solution compared to deionized water under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions was used as a surrogate measurement for limited leaf hydraulic conductance. A panel of over 200 genetically diverse soybean accessions genotyped with the SoySNP50K iSelect BeadChips was evaluated for the carbon and nitrogen related traits in two field environments (Athens, GA in 2015 and 2016) and for transpiration response to AgNO 3 in a growth chamber. A multiple loci linear mixed model was implemented in FarmCPU to perform genome-wide association analyses for these traits. Results Thirty two, 23, 26, and nine loci for δ 13 C, δ 15 N, nitrogen concentration, and transpiration response to AgNO 3 , respectively, were significantly associated with these traits. Candidate genes that relate to drought stress tolerance enhancement or response were identified near certain loci that could be targets for improving and understanding these traits. Soybean accessions with favorable breeding values were also identified. Low correlations were observed between many of the traits and the genetic loci associated with each trait were largely unique, indicating that these drought tolerance related traits are governed by different genetic loci. Conclusions The genomic regions and germplasm identified in this study can be used by breeders to understand the genetic architecture for these traits and to improve soybean drought tolerance. Phenotyping resources needed, trait heritability, and relationship to the target environment should be considered before deciding which of these traits to ultimately employ in a specific breeding program. Potential marker-assisted selection efforts could focus on loci which explain the greatest amount of phenotypic variation for each trait, but may be challenging due to the quantitative nature of these traits.}, number={1}, journal={BMC GENOMICS}, author={Steketee, Clinton J. and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Riar, Mandeep K. and Schapaugh, William T. and Li, Zenglu}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @misc{sinclair_devi_shekoofa_choudhary_sadok_vadez_riar_rufty_2017, title={Limited-transpiration response to high vapor pressure deficit in crop species}, volume={260}, ISSN={["1873-2259"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.007}, abstractNote={Water deficit under nearly all field conditions is the major constraint on plant yields. Other than empirical observations, very little progress has been made in developing crop plants in which specific physiological traits for drought are expressed. As a consequence, there was little known about under what conditions and to what extent drought impacts crop yield. However, there has been rapid progress in recent years in understanding and developing a limited-transpiration trait under elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit to increase plant growth and yield under water-deficit conditions. This review paper examines the physiological basis for the limited-transpiration trait as result of low plant hydraulic conductivity, which appears to be related to aquaporin activity. Methodology was developed based on aquaporin involvement to identify candidate genotypes for drought tolerance of several major crop species. Cultivars of maize and soybean are now being marketed specifically for arid conditions. Understanding the mechanism of the limited-transpiration trait has allowed a geospatial analyses to define the environments in which increased yield responses can be expected. This review highlights the challenges and approaches to finally develop physiological traits contributing directly to plant improvement for water-limited environments.}, journal={PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Sinclair, Thomas R. and Devi, Jyostna and Shekoofa, Avat and Choudhary, Sunita and Sadok, Walid and Vadez, Vincent and Riar, Mandeep and Rufty, Thomas}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={109–118} }
 @article{riar_carley_zhang_schroeder-moreno_jordan_webster_rufty_2016, title={Environmental Influences on Growth and Reproduction of Invasive Commelina benghalensis}, volume={2016}, ISSN={1687-8159 1687-8167}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5679249}, DOI={10.1155/2016/5679249}, abstractNote={Commelina benghalensis(Benghal dayflower) is a noxious weed that is invading agricultural systems in the southeastern United States. We investigated the influences of nutrition, light, and photoperiod on growth and reproductive output ofC. benghalensis. In the first experimental series, plants were grown under high or low soil nutrition combined with either full light or simulated shade. Lowered nutrition strongly inhibited vegetative growth and aboveground spathe production. Similar but smaller effects were exerted by a 50% reduction in light, simulating conditions within a developing canopy. In the second series of experiments,C. benghalensisplants were exposed to different photoperiod conditions that produced short- and long-day plants growing in similar photosynthetic periods. A short-day photoperiod decreased time to flowering by several days and led to a 40 to 60% reduction in vegetative growth, but reproduction above and below ground was unchanged. Collectively, the results indicate that (1) fertility management in highly weathered soils may strongly constrain competitiveness ofC. benghalensis; (2) shorter photoperiods will limit vegetative competitiveness later in the growing seasons of most crops; and (3) the high degree of reproductive plasticity and output possessed byC. benghalensiswill likely cause continual persistence problems in agricultural fields.}, journal={International Journal of Agronomy}, publisher={Hindawi Limited}, author={Riar, Mandeep K. and Carley, Danesha S. and Zhang, Chenxi and Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S. and Jordan, David L. and Webster, Theodore M. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2016}, pages={1–9} }
 @article{riar_sinclair_prasad_2015, title={Persistence of limited-transpiration-rate trait in sorghum at high temperature}, volume={115}, ISSN={["1873-7307"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.02.007}, abstractNote={A limited-transpiration (TRlim) trait has been identified in many crop species, including sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), that results in restricted transpiration rate under high vapor pressure deficits (VPD). The benefit of TRlim is that under high midday-VPD conditions crop water loss is limited so that there is water conservation and positions the crop to better withstand later-season drought. Previous studies performed at 31 °C found that TRlim was commonly expressed among sorghum genotypes. It was also found that those lines with low VPD breakpoints for expression of the TRlim trait exhibited insensitivity in transpiration rate to being fed silver ions. However, it is uncertain how applicable these previous results obtained at 31 °C might be at higher temperature that may exist at midday in regions where sorghum is commonly grown. The current study tested for the expression of TRlim at 37 °C in 16 sorghum genotypes previously found to express the trait at the lower temperature. Only three of the genotypes sustained expression of TRlim at 37 °C. These results indicate that for environments where temperature may commonly reach or exceed 37 °C, sorghum genotypes have been favored that acclimate to the high temperature by losing the TRlim trait. In conditions in which very high temperatures threaten crop heat stress, those genotypes that lose the TRlim trait at high temperature may be more desirable since increasing transpiration rates at these temperatures can result in leaf cooling. The silver test failed to discriminate genotypes for expression of the TRlim trait at high temperature.}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Riar, Mandeep K. and Sinclair, Thomas R. and Prasad, P. V. Vara}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={58–62} }
 @article{sinclair_manandhar_belko_riar_vadez_roberts_2015, title={Variation among Cowpea Genotypes in Sensitivity of Transpiration Rate and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation to Soil Drying}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2014.12.0816}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Sinclair, Thomas R. and Manandhar, Anju and Belko, Nouhoun and Riar, Mandeep and Vadez, Vincent and Roberts, Philip A.}, year={2015}, pages={2270–2275} }
 @article{riar_spears_burns_jordan_zhang_rufty_2014, title={Persistence of Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in sustainable agronomic systems: Potential impacts of hay bale storage, animal digestion, and cultivation}, volume={38}, DOI={10.1080/21683565.2013.839486}, abstractNote={Experiments were conducted to evaluate factors affecting persistence of the invasive, federal noxious weed Benghal dayflower in sustainable agronomic systems. Seeds were exposed to a range of temperatures simulating those found in hay bales in the field and periodically tested for viability over 21 days. Seeds were nonviable after one day at 65 °C and after 14 days at 50 or 45 °C. A second series of experiments examined the effects of simulated rumen digestion on germination and viability of Benghal dayflower seeds and the response was compared to that with seeds of five other common weed species. Time courses revealed that seeds from the other weeds were acutely damaged by digestion and viability depressed after 48 and 96 h, but germination of Benghal dayflower seeds was increased at 48 h, and only a slight decrease occurred after 96 h. In the third experimental series, stem fragments of Benghal dayflower were buried in soil at 2 and 6 cm depths and exposed to aerial temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C for 30 days. Root development occurred at both depths, but leaf development was restricted at 6 cm and subterranean spathe development was not found at 2 cm. Temperatures higher than 25 °C favor regeneration at both depths. The results, collectively, show the difficulty encountered when trying to control or eradicate Benghal dayflower in sustainable farming systems. Farms must avoid using fresh hay as animal feed when Benghal dayflower is present in hay fields, as little restraint on seed viability will be exerted during digestion and generation of manure. Cultivation is unlikely to be an effective control strategy during summer months when Benghal dayflower is growing most aggressively, because soil temperatures are optimal for vegetative regeneration.}, number={3}, journal={Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems}, author={Riar, M. K. and Spears, J. F. and Burns, J. C. and Jordan, D. L. and Zhang, C. X. and Rufty, T. W.}, year={2014}, pages={283–298} }
 @article{riar_webster_brecke_jordan_burton_telenko_rufty_2012, title={Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) Seed Viability in Soil}, volume={60}, ISSN={["0043-1745"]}, DOI={10.1614/ws-d-12-00047.1}, abstractNote={Benghal dayflower is an exotic weed species in the United States that is a challenge to manage in agricultural fields. Research was conducted in North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida to evaluate the longevity of buried Benghal dayflower seeds. Seeds were buried in the field for 2 to 60 mo at a depth of 20 cm in mesh bags containing soil native to each area. In North Carolina, decline of Benghal dayflower seed viability was described by a sigmoidal regression model, with seed size having no effect on viability. Seed viability at the initiation of the study was 81%. After burial, viability declined to 51% after 24 mo, 27% after 36 mo, and < 1% after 42 mo. In Georgia, initial seed viability averaged 86% and declined to 63 and 33% at 12 and 24 mo, respectively. Burial of 36 mo or longer reduced seed viability to < 2%. The relationship between Benghal dayflower seed viability and burial time was described by a sigmoidal regression model. In Florida, there was greater variability in Benghal dayflower seed viability than there was at the other locations. Seed viability at the first sampling date after 2 mo of burial was 63%. Although there were fluctuations during the first 24 mo, the regression model indicated approximately 60% of seed remained viable. After 34 mo of burial, seed viability was reduced to 46% and then rapidly fell to 7% at 39 mo, which was consistent with the decrease in seed viability at the other locations. Although there is a physical dormancy imposed by the seed coat of Benghal dayflower, which has been detected in previous studies, it appears that a decline in buried seed viability to minimal levels occurs within 39 to 48 mo in the southeastern United States, suggesting that management programs must prevent seed production for at least four growing seasons to severely reduce the Benghal dayflower soil seedbank.}, number={4}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Riar, Mandeep K. and Webster, Theodore M. and Brecke, Barry J. and Jordan, David L. and Burton, Michael G. and Telenko, Darcy P. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2012}, pages={589–592} }