@article{kopjar_raucher_lila_simunovic_2024, title={Anti-Glioblastoma Potential and Phenolic Profile of Berry Juices}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2227-9717"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12020242}, DOI={10.3390/pr12020242}, abstractNote={Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal brain tumors. Due to the failure of conventional chemotherapies and targeted drugs pursuit of natural, less toxic agents is on the rise as well as their utilization in glioblastoma treatment. Consequently, this study explores the antiproliferative potential of selected berry juices (wild blackberry (Rubus discolor), dwarf elderberry (Sambucus ebulus), and raspberry (Rubus idaeus)) on glioblastoma cells (U87-MG and GBM43) in comparison to temozolomide. The juices were assessed for total phenolic content, proanthocyanins, polyphenol profiles, and antioxidant activity. Wild blackberry and dwarf elderberry juices exhibited higher total polyphenols, proanthocyanins, and monomeric anthocyanins compared to raspberry juice. HPLC analysis revealed distinctive anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in each juice. With the DPPH assay, the highest antioxidant potential had wild blackberry juice, while with other assays dwarf elderberry juice had the highest potential. Antiproliferative effects were dose-dependent, with wild blackberry juice demonstrating the highest potency, surpassing temozolomide in inhibiting GBM43 cell proliferation. In U87 cells, all juices exhibited antiproliferative effects, with wild blackberry showing the strongest impact. This study highlights the potential of wild blackberry juice as a potent natural agent against glioblastoma, suggesting its superiority over the conventional treatment.}, number={2}, journal={PROCESSES}, author={Kopjar, Mirela and Raucher, Drazen and Lila, Mary Ann and Simunovic, Josip}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
 @article{mengist_pottorff_mackey_ferrao_casorzo_lila_luby_giongo_perkins-veazie_bassil_et al._2024, title={Assessing predictability of post-storage texture and appearance characteristics in blueberry at breeding population level}, volume={214}, ISSN={["1873-2356"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.postharvbio.2024.112964}, journal={POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Mengist, Molla F. and Pottorff, Marti and Mackey, Ted and Ferrao, Felipe and Casorzo, Gonzalo and Lila, Mary Ann and Luby, Claire and Giongo, Lara and Perkins-Veazie, Penelope and Bassil, Nahla and et al.}, year={2024}, month={Aug} }
 @article{raucher_rowsey_hinson_ćorković_lila_šimunović_kopjar_2024, title={Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Antiproliferative Potential on Glioblastoma Cells of Selected Stone Fruit Juices}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071310}, DOI={10.3390/pr12071310}, abstractNote={Glioblastoma presents one of the most formidable challenges in cancer treatment, remaining persistently incurable. There is a pressing need to explore less toxic alternatives, particularly natural remedies that could be applied in glioblastoma therapy. The aim of this research is to investigate the antiproliferative potential of selected stone fruit juices—tart cherry (Prunus cerasus), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)—on U87-MG and GBM43 glioblastoma cells. Their effects were compared with temozolomide (TMZ), the current standard treatment. Additionally, the juices were assessed for their bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential. Unlike the other two juices, blackthorn juice did not exhibit an antiproliferative effect on U87-MG cells. However, all three juices, including blackthorn, demonstrated antiproliferative potential against TMZ-resistant GBM43 cells. Cornelian cherry exhibited an even stronger inhibitory effect than TMZ. This observation correlated with cornelian cherry being rich in iridoids, while tart cherry juice contained significant amounts of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. This research sheds light on the potential of cornelian cherry juice as a source of bioactive compounds with antiproliferative effects against glioblastoma cells, particularly TMZ-resistant GBM43 cells. Further research is warranted to explore the potential development of these compounds into therapeutic agents, either as single entities or in combination therapies for glioblastoma treatment.}, journal={Processes}, author={Raucher, Drazen and Rowsey, Mandy and Hinson, James and Ćorković, Ina and Lila, Mary Ann and Šimunović, Josip and Kopjar, Mirela}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{munoz_hayes_perkins-veazie_gillitt_munoz_kay_lila_ferruzzi_iorizzo_2024, title={Genotype and ripening method affect carotenoid content and bio-accessibility in banana}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2042-650X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO04632J}, DOI={10.1039/D3FO04632J}, abstractNote={This study concludes that the genotype, ripening methods (natural vs. exogenous ethylene application), and carotenoid bioaccessible content should be considered when setting a nutrition goal for vitamin A biofortification in banana-breeding programs.}, journal={FOOD & FUNCTION}, author={Munoz, Bryan and Hayes, Micaela and Perkins-Veazie, Penelope and Gillitt, Nicholas and Munoz, Miguel and Kay, Colin D. and Lila, Mary Ann and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and Iorizzo, Massimo}, year={2024}, month={Mar} }
 @article{ivarsson_bennett_ferrara_strauch_vallase_iorizzo_pecorelli_lila_valacchi_2024, title={Gut-derived wild blueberry phenolic acid metabolites modulate extrinsic cutaneous damage}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2042-650X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FO01874E}, DOI={10.1039/D4FO01874E}, abstractNote={As the first line of defense, the skin is equipped with various physiological mechanisms positioned to prevent incoming oxidative damage from numerous environmental insults. With persistent exposure to the environment,...}, journal={FOOD & FUNCTION}, author={Ivarsson, John and Bennett, Abby and Ferrara, Francesca and Strauch, Renee and Vallase, Andrea and Iorizzo, Massimo and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @article{sakaguchi_nieman_omar_strauch_williams_lila_zhang_2024, title={Influence of 2 Weeks of Mango Ingestion on Inflammation Resolution after Vigorous Exercise}, volume={16}, ISSN={["2072-6643"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/1/36}, DOI={10.3390/nu16010036}, abstractNote={Mangoes have a unique nutrient profile (carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, and vitamins) that we hypothesized would mitigate post-exercise inflammation. This study examined the effects of mango ingestion on moderating exercise-induced inflammation in a randomized crossover trial with 22 cyclists. In random order with trials separated by a 2-week washout period, the cyclists ingested 330 g mango/day with 0.5 L water or 0.5 L of water alone for 2 weeks, followed by a 2.25 h cycling bout challenge. Blood and urine samples were collected pre- and post-2 weeks of supplementation, with additional blood samples collected immediately post-exercise and 1.5-h, 3-h, and 24 h post-exercise. Urine samples were analyzed for targeted mango-related metabolites. The blood samples were analyzed for 67 oxylipins, which are upstream regulators of inflammation and other physiological processes. After 2 weeks of mango ingestion, three targeted urine mango-related phenolic metabolites were significantly elevated compared to water alone (interaction effects, p ≤ 0.003). Significant post-exercise increases were measured for 49 oxylipins, but various subgroup analyses showed no differences in the pattern of change between trials (all interaction effects, p > 0.150). The 2.25 h cycling bouts induced significant inflammation, but no countermeasure effect was found after 2 weeks of mango ingestion despite the elevation of mango gut-derived phenolic metabolites.}, number={1}, journal={NUTRIENTS}, author={Sakaguchi, Camila A. and Nieman, David C. and Omar, Ashraf M. and Strauch, Renee C. and Williams, James C. and Lila, Mary Ann and Zhang, Qibin}, year={2024}, month={Jan} }
 @article{silva_xiong_medeiros_grace_moncada_lila_hoskin_2024, title={Spray dried insect protein-polyphenol particles deliver health-relevant value-added food ingredients}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2666-8335"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100315}, abstractNote={A novel strategy to create value-added insect protein-derived ingredients is presented in this study. Spray dried protein-polyphenol particles were produced using aqueous polyphenol extracts of rosemary (RM) or muscadine grape pomace (MG) complexed with insect protein (IP) alone or blended with pea protein 50:50 (IPP). The spray drying process was evaluated (solids recovery SR and polyphenol retention PR) and the four experimental protein-polyphenol treatments IP–RM, IP-MG, IPP–RM and IPP–MG were characterized regarding their physicochemical, bioactivity, functional, bioaccessibility and thermal stability properties. Higher SR (53.7-53.3%) and PR (53.1 – 62.5%) were observed for IPP-derived particles (p<0.05). Particles had water activity in the microbiologically stable range (0.24-0.32) and high protein content (29.5%-38.3%) All particles had low hygroscopicity (<15%) and solubility between 44-52.83%. Remarkably high phenolic content (>68.5 mg GAE/g) was shown for MG-derived particles. Good emulsifying activity (1.85 to 16.46 m2/g) and emulsifying stability (> 60%), foaming capacity (4 – 57%) and foaming stability (2.0-37.3%) were observed for all insect protein-polyphenol particles. Differently from MG-derived particles, RM-derived treatments showed higher polyphenol bioaccessibility than non-complexed polyphenols (p<0.05). Overall, our study demonstrates that spray drying microencapsulation is an efficient strategy to produce attractively colored, value-added functional protein-polyphenol ingredients using insect protein.}, journal={FUTURE FOODS}, author={Silva, Edilene Souza da and Xiong, Jia and Medeiros, Fabio Gonsalves Macedo de and Grace, Mary and Moncada, Marvin and Lila, Mary Ann and Hoskin, Roberta Targino}, year={2024}, month={Jun} }
 @misc{ivarsson_pecorelli_lila_valacchi_2023, title={Blueberry Supplementation and Skin Health}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-3921"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061261}, DOI={10.3390/antiox12061261}, abstractNote={Environmental stressors such as air pollutants, ozone, and UV radiation are among the most noxious outdoor stressors affecting human skin and leading to premature skin aging. To prevent the extrinsic aging, the skin is equipped with an effective defensive system. However, cutaneous defense mechanisms can be overwhelmed through chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Recent studies have suggested that the topical usage of natural compounds, such as blueberries, could be a good strategy to prevent skin damage from the environment. Indeed, blueberries contain bioactive compounds found to induce an active skin response against the environmental noxious effects. In this review, results from recent studies on this topic are discussed in order to build the argument for blueberries to possibly be an effective agent for skin health. In addition, we hope to highlight the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms behind the use of both topical application and dietary supplementation with blueberries to bolster cutaneous systems and defensive mechanisms.}, number={6}, journal={ANTIOXIDANTS}, author={Ivarsson, John and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2023}, month={Jun} }
 @article{nieman_sakaguchi_omar_davis_shaffner_strauch_lila_zhang_2023, title={Blueberry intake elevates post-exercise anti-inflammatory oxylipins: a randomized trial}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-023-39269-1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Nieman, David C. and Sakaguchi, Camila A. and Omar, Ashraf M. and Davis, Kierstin L. and Shaffner, Cameron E. and Strauch, Renee C. and Lila, Mary Ann and Zhang, Qibin}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{weaver_ferruzzi_maiz_cladis_nakatsu_mccabe_lila_2023, title={Crop, Host, and Gut Microbiome Variation Influence Precision Nutrition: An Example of Blueberries}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-3921"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12051136}, DOI={10.3390/antiox12051136}, abstractNote={Epidemiological studies have shown associations between polyphenol-rich fruit intake and bone health, and preclinical studies have shown that blueberries improve bone health. To determine the genotype and dose of blueberries that are effective in ameliorating age-related bone loss, a multi-institutional team of investigators performed in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies on blueberry varieties that differed in flavonoid profiles. Principal component analysis was used to select blueberry genotypes that varied in anthocyanin profiles. Total phenolic content did not predict the bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds in rats. A range in bioavailability was observed in individual polyphenolic compounds across genotypes. Both alpha and beta diversity analyses indicated that gut microbiome profiles varied with blueberry dose in rats. Additionally, the identification of specific taxa, such as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Coriobacteriales, increasing after blueberry consumption adds to the mounting evidence of their role in polyphenol metabolism. All of the sources of variation can inform blueberry breeding practices to influence precision nutrition.}, number={5}, journal={ANTIOXIDANTS}, author={Weaver, Connie M. and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and Maiz, Maria and Cladis, Dennis P. and Nakatsu, Cindy H. and McCabe, George P. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{hoskin_grace_guiotto_pecorelli_valacchi_lila_2023, title={Development of Spray Dried Spirulina Protein-Berry Pomace Polyphenol Particles to Attenuate Pollution-Induced Skin Damage: A Convergent Food-Beauty Approach}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-3921"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071431}, DOI={10.3390/antiox12071431}, abstractNote={Spray drying (SD) microencapsulation of phytochemicals from berry pomaces with Spirulina protein (SP) was incorporated into a cosmeceutical topical formulation to mitigate pollution skin damage. Initially, microparticles produced with SP and polyphenols recovered from fruit pomaces (elderberry SP-EB and muscadine grape SP-MG) were characterized regarding physicochemical and phytochemical content (polyphenol load, carotenoid and phycocyanin contents and antioxidant activity). SP had low total phenolic content (7.43 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g DW), but complexation with elderberry or muscadine grape pomaces polyphenols led to a substantial increase (27.63 ± 1.15 SP-EB and 111.0 ± 2.6 mg GAE/g DW SP-MG). SP-MG particles had higher anthocyanin (26.87 ± 1.25 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin (9.02 ± 0.74 mg/g) contents compared to SP-EB particles. SP-MG were prioritized to prepare a topical gel to attenuate skin oxinflammatory markers and prevent skin barrier disruption using ex vivo human biopsies exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). The immunofluorescence results showed increased oxidative protein damage and inflammation associated with impaired skin barrier function after DEE exposure while topical application of gel formulated with SP-MG mitigated these effects. Overall, this study demonstrated that protein-polyphenol complexation is a synergistic strategy to stabilize and deliver residual fruit/algae phytoactives into cosmeceutical products for skin health applications.}, number={7}, journal={ANTIOXIDANTS}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Grace, Mary H. and Guiotto, Anna and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Valacchi, Giuseppe and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{xiong_grace_kobayashi_lila_2023, title={Evaluation of saffron extract bioactivities relevant to skin resilience}, volume={37}, ISSN={["2210-8041"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100629}, DOI={10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100629}, abstractNote={Saffron, Crocus sativus L, is a perennial spice herb. It has been extensively studied for its antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and has recently gained new interest for use in high-end cosmetics. The present work aims to elucidate the skin-protective properties of saffron in human dermal fibroblasts. The skin-protective properties of saffron extract were evaluated in terms of tyrosinase and collagenase inhibition activities, antioxidant activity in mouse macrophage cells, collagen synthesis and hyaluronic acid synthesis and cell migration activity in primary dermal fibroblast normal human neonatal cells (HDFn). Saffron's main phytoactive constituents - crocins, picrocrocin, safranal, and crocetin - were quantified by LC-MS at 91.0, 61.5, 3.6, and 1.9 mg/g, respectively. Saffron extract inhibited tyrosinase and collagenase with IC50 0.78 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Saffron extracts (100–200 μg/mg) suppressed reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells and promoted collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis in HDFn. Saffron extract at 25 μg/mg significantly promoted migration of HDFn cells (wound healing capacity) compared to control (no treatment). The findings highlighted the potential benefits of saffron extract relevant to skin resilience.}, journal={JOURNAL OF HERBAL MEDICINE}, author={Xiong, Jia and Grace, Mary H. and Kobayashi, Hideka and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
 @article{sakaguchi_nieman_omar_strauch_williams_lila_2023, title={Influence of 2-Weeks Mango Ingestion on Inflammation Resolution After Vigorous Exercise}, url={https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1850.v1}, DOI={10.20944/preprints202311.1850.v1}, abstractNote={Mangoes have a unique nutrient profile (carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, vitamins) that we hypothesized would mitigate post-exercise inflammation. This study examined the effects of mango ingestion in moderating exercise-induced inflammation in a randomized crossover trial with 22 cyclists. In random order with trials separated by a 2-week washout period, the cyclists ingested 330 g/day mangoes with 0.5 liters water or 0.5 liters water alone for 2 weeks, followed by a 2.25-h cycling bout challenge. Blood and urine samples were collected pre- and post-2 weeks supplementation, with additional blood samples collected immediately post-exercise, and then 1.5-h, 3-h, and 24-h post-exercise. Urine samples were analyzed for targeted mango-related metabolites. The blood samples were analyzed for 67 oxylipins that are upstream regulators of inflammation and other physiological processes. After 2-weeks mango ingestion, three targeted urine mango-related phenolic metabolites were significantly elevated compared to water alone (interaction effects, p&le;0.003). Significant post-exercise increases were measured for 49 oxylipins, but various subgroup analyses showed no differences in the pattern of change between trials (all interaction effects, p>0.150). The 2.25-h cycling bouts induced significant inflammation but no countermeasure effect was found after 2-weeks mango ingestion despite the elevation of mango gut-derived phenolic metabolites.}, author={Sakaguchi, Camila A. and Nieman, David C. and Omar, Ashraf M. and Strauch, Renee C. and Williams, James C. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{hodges_maiz_cao_lachcik_peacock_mccabe_mccabe_cladis_jackson_ferruzzi_et al._2023, title={Moderate consumption of freeze-dried blueberry powder increased net bone calcium retention compared with no treatment in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized crossover trial}, volume={118}, ISSN={["1938-3207"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.033}, abstractNote={Preclinical studies suggest that blueberry consumption is associated with improved bone health. We conducted a blueberry dose-response study in ovariectomized (OVX)-rats that informed a study in postmenopausal women using urinary appearance of calcium tracers from prelabeled bone to reflect changes in bone balance. We hypothesized that blueberry consumption would reduce bone loss in a dose-dependent manner compared with no treatment. OVX-rats were fed four doses of blueberry powder (2.5, 5, 10, and 15%) in randomized order to determine bone 45Ca retention. Fourteen healthy, non-osteoporotic women at least 4 years past menopause were dosed with 50 nCi of 41Ca, a long-lived radioisotope, equilibrated for 5-mo to allow 41Ca deposition in bone (NCT02630797). Following a 6-wk baseline, participants were assigned to a random sequence of three 6-wk interventions, a low (17.5 g/d), medium (35 g/d), or high (70 g/d) dose of freeze-dried blueberry powder equivalent to 0.75, 1.5, or 3 cups of fresh blueberries incorporated into food and beverage products. Urinary 41Ca:Ca ratio was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry. Serum bone resorption biomarkers and urinary polyphenols were measured at the end of each control and intervention period. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model and repeated measures ANOVA In both OVX-rats and postmenopausal women, blueberry interventions benefitted net bone calcium balance at lower, but not at higher doses. In women, net bone calcium retention increased by 6% with the low (95% CI: 2.50, 8.60; p < 0.01) and 4% with the medium (95% CI: 0.96, 7.90; p < 0.05) dose compared with no treatment. Urinary excretion of hippuric acid increased dose-dependently with blueberry consumption. No significant relationships were found between bone resorption biomarkers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and interventions. Moderate consumption (<1 cup/day) of blueberries may be an effective strategy to attenuate bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. NCT02630797}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION}, author={Hodges, Joanna K. and Maiz, Maria and Cao, Sisi and Lachcik, Pamela J. and Peacock, Munro and McCabe, George P. and McCabe, Linda D. and Cladis, Dennis P. and Jackson, George S. and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Aug}, pages={382–390} }
 @article{tambe_jacquet_strathearn_hensel_colon_chandran_yousef_grace_ferruzzi_wu_et al._2023, title={Protective Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts against Neurotoxicity Elicited by Paraquat or Rotenone in Cellular Models of Parkinson's Disease}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2076-3921"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/7/1463}, DOI={10.3390/antiox12071463}, abstractNote={Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving motor symptoms caused by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin (ANC) intake is associated with a low risk of PD. Previously, we reported that extracts enriched with ANC and proanthocyanidins (PAC) suppressed dopaminergic neuron death elicited by the PD-related toxin rotenone in a primary midbrain culture model. Here, we characterized botanical extracts enriched with a mixed profile of polyphenols, as well as a set of purified polyphenolic standards, in terms of their ability to mitigate dopaminergic cell death in midbrain cultures exposed to another PD-related toxicant, paraquat (PQ), and we examined underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. Extracts prepared from blueberries, black currants, grape seeds, grape skin, mulberries, and plums, as well as several ANC, were found to rescue dopaminergic neuron loss in PQ-treated cultures. Comparison of a subset of ANC-rich extracts for the ability to mitigate neurotoxicity elicited by PQ versus rotenone revealed that a hibiscus or plum extract was only neuroprotective in cultures exposed to rotenone or PQ, respectively. Several extracts or compounds with the ability to protect against PQ neurotoxicity increased the activity of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in cultured astrocytes, and PQ-induced dopaminergic cell death was attenuated in Nrf2-expressing midbrain cultures. In other studies, we found that extracts prepared from hibiscus, grape skin, or purple basil (but not plums) rescued defects in O2 consumption in neuronal cells treated with rotenone. Collectively, these findings suggest that extracts enriched with certain combinations of ANC, PAC, stilbenes, and other polyphenols could potentially slow neurodegeneration in the brains of individuals exposed to PQ or rotenone by activating cellular antioxidant mechanisms and/or alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.}, number={7}, journal={ANTIOXIDANTS}, author={Tambe, Mitali A. and Jacquet, Aurelie de Rus and Strathearn, Katherine E. and Hensel, Jennifer A. and Colon, Bryce D. and Chandran, Aswathy and Yousef, Gad G. and Grace, Mary H. and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and Wu, Qingli and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{ravichandran_silva_moncada_perkins-veazie_lila_greenlief_thomas_hoskin_krishnaswamy_2023, title={Spray drying to produce novel phytochemical-rich ingredients from juice and pomace of American elderberry}, volume={55}, ISSN={["2212-4306"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102981}, abstractNote={The cultivation and commercialization of American elderberries (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis), rich in acylated anthocyanins, is nascent. In this study, American elderberry juice and pomace extract were spray dried using soy protein isolate (SPI) or tapioca starch (TS) as carriers to develop functional food ingredients. Physicochemical, morphological, and bioactive properties were analyzed, and an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model was used to study polyphenol bioaccessibility. An efficient spray drying process (solids recovery >60%) was established. Elderberry particles produced with SPI had higher solubility (60%–64%), lower porosity (69%–70%), and better flowability (22% Carr index, 1.29 Hausner ratio). Spray dried particles produced with tapioca starch showed significantly higher total polyphenol content (42–49 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample), proanthocyanidin content (0.76–2.86 mg proanthocyanidin-B2/g sample), and anthocyanins (7.86–33.80 mg/g sample) for both elderberry juice and pomace extract, compared to SPI-derived ones. Particles of encapsulated elderberry juice or pomace extract with SPI had higher bioaccessibility compared to non-encapsulated elderberry juice or TS-derived particles. Overall, spray drying American elderberry juice and pomace extract is an effective and sustainable strategy to create novel ingredients for multiple food applications. These findings offer an industry-friendly technological solution to develop value-added ingredients for the emerging American elderberry market.}, journal={FOOD BIOSCIENCE}, author={Ravichandran, K. S. and Silva, E. S. and Moncada, M. and Perkins-Veazie, P. and Lila, M. A. and Greenlief, C. M. and Thomas, Andrew L. and Hoskin, R. T. and Krishnaswamy, K.}, year={2023}, month={Oct} }
 @article{hoskin_grace_xiong_lila_2023, title={Spray-drying microencapsulation of blackcurrant and cocoa polyphenols using underexplored plant-based protein sources}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1750-3841"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16590}, DOI={10.1111/1750-3841.16590}, abstractNote={AbstractThe performance of buckwheat protein (BK) and chia seed protein (CP) as drying carriers for the microencapsulation of polyphenols extracted from blackcurrant pomace and cocoa powder was investigated. Four experimental groups were evaluated (BK–BC: blackcurrant pomace extract with buckwheat protein; CP–BC: blackcurrant pomace extract with chia:pea protein blend; BK–CC: cocoa extract with buckwheat protein; and CP–CC: cocoa extract with chia:pea protein blend) to determine physicochemical attributes, phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and polyphenol in vitro bioaccessibility. Nonconventional, underexploited protein sources such as chia/pea protein blend and buckwheat protein efficiently produced functional microparticles with attractive color and texture, low hygroscopicity (<20% increase in moisture content when exposed to 86% relative humidity for 1 week), solubility above 50% at pH 7 and 10, and uniform particle size (29 < D4,3 < 56 µm). Besides this, the protein–polyphenol microparticles concentrated and protected health‐relevant polyphenol content. Anthocyanins were detected in blackcurrant treatments (around 20 mg cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside equivalents/g), while proanthocyanidins (PAC) were the most prevalent polyphenols in cocoa treatments (>100 mg PAC B2/g). Monomers were the main class of PAC in both BK–CC and CP–CC treatments. All protein–polyphenol treatments reduced both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated cells (p < 0.05). The polyphenol recovery index was high (>70%) for both oral and gastric phases, and BK‐derived groups had better bioaccessibility index compared to BC or CC alone (noncomplexed). This research provided a framework for delivery of high‐value ingredients to attend to an emerging market centered on protein‐rich, clean label plant‐based food products.}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Grace, Mary H. H. and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2023}, month={May} }
 @article{mengist_bostan_de paola_teresi_platts_cremona_qi_mackey_bassil_ashrafi_et al._2022, title={Autopolyploid inheritance and a heterozygous reciprocal translocation shape chromosome genetic behavior in tetraploid blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1469-8137"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18428}, DOI={10.1111/nph.18428}, abstractNote={Summary}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Mengist, Molla F. and Bostan, Hamed and De Paola, Domenico and Teresi, Scott J. and Platts, Adrian E. and Cremona, Gaetana and Qi, Xinpeng and Mackey, Ted and Bassil, Nahla V and Ashrafi, Hamid and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{hayes_mohamedshah_chadwick-corbin_hoskin_iorizzo_lila_neilson_ferruzzi_2022, title={Bioaccessibility and intestinal cell uptake of carotenoids and chlorophylls differ in powdered spinach by the ingredient form as measured using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and anaerobic fecal fermentation models}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2042-650X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO00051B}, DOI={10.1039/D2FO00051B}, abstractNote={Insights into food matrix factors impacting bioavailability of bioactive carotenoids and chlorophylls from fruits and vegetable ingredients are essential to understanding their ability to promote health.}, number={7}, journal={FOOD & FUNCTION}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Hayes, Micaela and Mohamedshah, Zulfiqar and Chadwick-Corbin, Sydney and Hoskin, Roberta and Iorizzo, Massimo and Lila, Mary Ann and Neilson, Andrew P. and Ferruzzi, Mario G.}, year={2022}, month={Mar} }
 @article{lila_hoskin_grace_xiong_strauch_ferruzzi_iorizzo_kay_2022, title={Boosting the Bioaccessibility of Dietary Bioactives by Delivery as Protein-Polyphenol Aggregate Particles}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00398}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00398}, abstractNote={Protein-polyphenol aggregate particles concurrently fortify a functional food product with healthy dietary proteins and concentrated polyphenols. However, what impact does ingestion of aggregate particles have on ultimate health relevance of either the polyphenolic molecules in the matrix or the protein molecules? Because human health benefits are contingent on bioavailability after ingestion, the fate of these molecules during transit in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) will dictate their utility as functional food ingredients. This brief review explores diverse applications of protein-polyphenol particles in the food industry and the bioaccessibility of both bioactive polyphenolic compounds and edible proteins. Evidence to date suggests that complexation of phytoactive polyphenolics effectively enhances their health-relevant impacts, specifically because the phytoactives are protected in the protein matrix during transit in the GIT, allowing intact, non-degraded molecules to reach the colon for catabolism at the gut microbiome level, a prerequisite to realize the health benefits of these active compounds.}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Lila, Mary Ann and Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Grace, Mary H. and Xiong, Jia and Strauch, Renee and Ferruzzi, Mario and Iorizzo, Massimo and Kay, Colin}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @article{hoskin_plundrich_vargochik_lila_2022, title={Continuous flow microwave-assisted aqueous extraction of pomace phytoactives for production of protein-polyphenol particles and a protein-enriched ready-to-drink beverage}, volume={5}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100137}, DOI={10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100137}, abstractNote={Muscadine grape (MG) and blueberry (BB) pomaces processed via water-based continuous flow microwave-assisted extraction (CFMAE) yielded flavonoid-rich extracts, which were complexed with chickpea [CH] or pea:rice [PR] protein and spray dried (SD) into protein-polyphenol aggregate particle treatments: BB-CH, BB-PR, MG-CH and MG-PR. Particles were characterized for physicochemical characteristics, phytochemical composition and functional attributes. The volume-weighed mean diameter for protein-polyphenol particles (20.75-24.67 µm; p > 0.05) were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) than original protein sources CH and PR (57.77-71.10 µm). Highly polymerized proanthocyanidins (PAC) were captured in BB treatments (up to 79 % of total PAC), while monomers predominated in muscadine-derived particles (∼56 % of total PAC). BB-CH particles had highest protein solubility (51-62 %). BB-CH and BB-PR had good emulsifying capacity (∼8.73 m2/g), and particle treatments had higher emulsifying stability than unmodified proteins CH and PR alone. BB-CH particles were prioritized to produce a RTD smoothie beverage rated to have pleasant sensory properties. CFMAE proved to be a sustainable strategy to recover residual phytochemicals from fruit by-products (using only water as the solvent) for use in versatile value-added protein-polyphenol particle ingredients.}, journal={Future Foods}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Plundrich, Nathalie and Vargochik, Amanda and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Jun}, pages={100137} }
 @article{hoskin_plundrich_vargochik_lila_2022, title={Continuous flow microwave-assisted aqueous extraction of pomace phytoactives for production of protein-polyphenol particles and a protein-enriched ready-to-drink beverage(vol 5, artn 100137, year 2021)}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2666-8335"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100159}, journal={FUTURE FOODS}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Plundrich, Nathalie and Vargochik, Amanda and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{mengist_grace_mackey_munoz_pucker_bassil_luby_ferruzzi_lila_iorizzo_2022, title={Dissecting the genetic basis of bioactive metabolites and fruit quality traits in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1664-462X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fpls.2022.964656}, abstractNote={Blueberry is well-recognized as a healthy fruit with functionality derived largely from anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid. Despite their importance, no study to date has evaluated the genetic basis of these bioactives in blueberries and their relationship with fruit quality traits. Hence, to fill this gap, a mapping population including 196 F1 individuals was phenotyped for anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid concentration and fruit quality traits (titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids) over 3 years and data were used for QTL mapping and correlation analysis. Total soluble solids and chlorogenic acid were positively correlated with glycosylated anthocyanin and total anthocyanin, respectively, indicating that parallel selection for these traits is possible. Across all the traits, a total of 188 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 11 and 12. Notably, four major regions with overlapping major-effect QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 4 and 8, and were responsible for acylation and glycosylation of anthocyanins in a substrate and sugar donor specific manner. Through comparative transcriptome analysis, multiple candidate genes were identified for these QTLs, including glucosyltransferases and acyltransferases. Overall, the study provides the first insights into the genetic basis controlling anthocyanins accumulation and composition, chlorogenic acid and fruit quality traits, and establishes a framework to advance genetic studies and molecular breeding for anthocyanins in blueberry.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Mengist, Molla Fentie and Grace, Mary H. and Mackey, Ted and Munoz, Bryan and Pucker, Boas and Bassil, Nahla and Luby, Claire and Ferruzzi, Mario and Lila, Mary Ann and Iorizzo, Massimo}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @misc{cheatham_nieman_neilson_lila_2022, title={Enhancing the Cognitive Effects of Flavonoids With Physical Activity: Is There a Case for the Gut Microbiome?}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1662-453X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fnins.2022.833202}, abstractNote={Age-related cognitive changes can be the first indication of the progression to dementias, such as Alzheimer’s disease. These changes may be driven by a complex interaction of factors including diet, activity levels, genetics, and environment. Here we review the evidence supporting relationships between flavonoids, physical activity, and brain function. Recent in vivo experiments and human clinical trials have shown that flavonoid-rich foods can inhibit neuroinflammation and enhance cognitive performance. Improved cognition has also been correlated with a physically active lifestyle, and with the functionality and diversity of the gut microbiome. The great majority (+ 90%) of dietary flavonoids are biotransformed into phytoactive phenolic metabolites at the gut microbiome level prior to absorption, and these prebiotic flavonoids modulate microbiota profiles and diversity. Health-relevant outcomes from flavonoid ingestion may only be realized in the presence of a robust microbiome. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accelerates the catabolism and uptake of these gut-derived anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory metabolites into circulation. The gut microbiome exerts a profound influence on cognitive function; moderate exercise and flavonoid intake influence cognitive benefits; and exercise and flavonoid intake influence the microbiome. We conclude that there is a potential for combined impacts of flavonoid intake and physical exertion on cognitive function, as modulated by the gut microbiome, and that the combination of a flavonoid-rich diet and routine aerobic exercise may potentiate cognitive benefits and reduce cognitive decline in an aging population, via mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiome. Mechanistic animal studies and human clinical interventions are needed to further explore this hypothesis.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE}, author={Cheatham, Carol L. and Nieman, David C. and Neilson, Andrew P. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{diaz_foegeding_stapleton_kay_iorizzo_ferruzzi_lila_2022, title={Foaming and sensory characteristics of protein-polyphenol particles in a food matrix}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107148}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107148}, abstractNote={As food ingredients, protein-polyphenol aggregate particles provide a combination of structural and health-relevant functional benefits. Particles made by complexing whey (WPI) or rice (RPI) protein isolates and blueberry (BB) extracts were evaluated for foaming properties (foam volume, stability, and yield stress) using a high energy-input foaming operation (with an Ultra Power Mixer), and then also compared at low energy-input (foamed using a hand-held mixer). In the high energy-input foaming operation, whey protein rapidly formed foams (within 2 min). Whey protein-blueberry (WPI-BB) particles significantly improved yield stress and foam stability (2-fold) as compared to foams made with unmodified WPI. Rice protein required longer (>8 min) to produce foams, but foams were significantly more stable (longer drainage half-life) both when the protein was unmodified (RPI) or formulated as particles (RPI-BB). Protein-polyphenol particle foams (WPI-BB or RPI-BB) had a much greater proportion of smaller sized bubbles than polyphenol-free foams. WPI foams formed for descriptive analysis using the low energy-input method rapidly produced structures with fine, stable bubbles resistant to breakdown in the mouth, while those made with RPI had fewer, larger and looser bubbles which broke more easily after mixing and in the mouth. Inclusion of WPI-BB or RPI-BB particles enhanced palatability of protein isolates in a model (protein bars) food system as compared to non-complexed proteins. The complexed aggregate particles also provided sweetness, dark berry and dried fruit flavors and minimized bitterness and astringency. This work provides a context for understanding the utilization of protein-polyphenol particles as multifunctional ingredients that simultaneously deliver concentrated polyphenols associated with health benefits.}, journal={Food Hydrocolloids}, author={Diaz, Joscelin T. and Foegeding, E. Allen and Stapleton, Lee and Kay, Colin and Iorizzo, Massimo and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @misc{komarnytsky_retchin_vong_lila_2022, title={Gains and Losses of Agricultural Food Production: Implications for the Twenty-First Century}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1941-1421"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-food-082421-114831}, abstractNote={ The world food supply depends on a diminishing list of plant crops and animal livestock to not only feed the ever-growing human population but also improve its nutritional state and lower the disease burden. Over the past century or so, technological advances in agricultural and food processing have helped reduce hunger and poverty but have not adequately addressed sustainability targets. This has led to an erosion of agricultural biodiversity and balanced diets and contributed to climate change and rising rates of chronic metabolic diseases. Modern food supply chains have progressively lost dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients, and several classes of phytochemicals with high bioactivity and nutritional relevance. This review introduces the concept of agricultural food systems losses and focuses on improved sources of agricultural diversity, proteins with enhanced resilience, and novel monitoring, processing, and distribution technologies that are poised to improve food security, reduce food loss and waste, and improve health profiles in the near future. }, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Komarnytsky, Slavko and Retchin, Sophia and Vong, Chi In and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, pages={239–261} }
 @article{wu_oliveira_lila_2022, title={Protein-binding approaches for improving bioaccessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1541-4337"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13070}, DOI={10.1111/1541-4337.13070}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY}, author={Wu, Haizhou and Oliveira, Gabriel and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Nov} }
 @article{cheatham_canipelll_millsap_stegall_chai_sheppard_lila_2022, title={Six-month intervention with wild blueberries improved speed of processing in mild cognitive decline: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1476-8305"]}, DOI={10.1080/1028415X.2022.2117475}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Background As the sector of the population over 65y increases, cognitive decline and dementia become a public health issue. Interventions to improve brain health and thus, quality of life for older adults are needed. Objective It was hypothesized that those consuming a flavonoid-rich, lyophilized wild blueberry powder would evidence improvements in cognitive performance as measured behaviorally and electrophysiologically compared to those consuming a placebo powder across a 6-month intervention period. Design In a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial, participants experiencing cognitive issues as determined by scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were randomized to consume either wild blueberry (n  =  44) or placebo (n  =  42) powder daily for 6 months. Participants who were not experiencing any cognitive issues were included as a reference group (n = 45). Participants were tested at baseline and outcome on the Cambridge Neurological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and in an electrophysiological paradigm known as event-related potentials (ERP). Results Tests of specific cognitive abilities using the CANTAB showed speed of processing not only improved in the blueberry intervention group relative to the placebo group across the 6-month intervention, but blueberries also restored speed of processing to the level of the reference group. The ERP results also showed that, relative to those consuming placebo, speed of processing improved for those in the blueberry group; this improvement was most prominent in those 75-80y. Conclusions Consumption of wild blueberries for six months improves cognitive aging sequelae by improving the speed of information processing in older adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01515098.}, journal={NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE}, author={Cheatham, Carol L. and Canipelll, L. Grant and Millsap, Grace and Stegall, Julie M. and Chai, Sheau Ching and Sheppard, Kelly W. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @article{grace_hoskin_hayes_iorizzo_kay_ferruzzi_lila_2022, title={Spray-dried and freeze-dried protein-spinach particles; effect of drying technique and protein type on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phenolics}, volume={388}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133017}, abstractNote={The effects of protein carrier and drying technique on the concentration and bioaccessibility of lipophilic compounds (lutein, β-carotene, chlorophylls a and b) and hydrophilic flavonoids in freeze-dried (FD) or spray-dried (SD) spinach juice and protein-spinach particles were investigated. Carotenoid and chlorophyll contents were highest in FD spinach juice without protein (147 and 1355 mg/100 g, respectively). For both SD and FD protein-spinach particles, SPI best protected carotenoids and chlorophylls (123 and 1160 mg/g, respectively), although the bioaccessibility of lipophilic compounds in WPI particles was higher than SPI particles (p < 0.05). For flavonoids, the drying technique was more important than the type of carrier, since FD particles had higher total flavonoids than SD. However, SD particles had higher bioaccessibility for most flavonoids (40-90 %) compared to FD (<20 %). The drying method and protein carrier can be designed to produce protein-spinach ingredients with desired concentration of compounds and bioaccessibility.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Hoskin, Roberta T. and Hayes, Micaela and Iorizzo, Massimo and Kay, Colin and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Sep} }
 @misc{kay_strauch_granillo_bame_xiong_mast_burton-freeman_kay_lila_2022, title={The berry health tool chest - an evidence map and interactive resource}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1753-4887"]}, DOI={10.1093/nutrit/nuab011}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NUTRITION REVIEWS}, author={Kay, Kristine L. and Strauch, Renee C. and Granillo, Cheryl D. and Bame, Megan W. and Xiong, Jia and Mast, Aubrey C. and Burton-Freeman, Britt and Kay, Colin D. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2022}, month={Jan}, pages={68–77} }
 @article{edger_iorizzo_bassil_benevenuto_ferrao_giongo_hummer_lawas_leisner_li_et al._2022, title={There and back again; historical perspective and future directions for Vaccinium breeding and research studies}, volume={9}, ISSN={["2052-7276"]}, DOI={10.1093/hr/uhac083}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Edger, Patrick P. and Iorizzo, Massimo and Bassil, Nahla V and Benevenuto, Juliana and Ferrao, Luis Felipe V and Giongo, Lara and Hummer, Kim and Lawas, Lovely Mae F. and Leisner, Courtney P. and Li, Changying and et al.}, year={2022}, month={Jan} }
 @article{pambianchi_hagenberg_pecorelli_grace_therrien_lila_valacchi_2021, title={Alaskan Bog Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) Extract as an Innovative Topical Approach to Prevent UV-Induced Skin Damage}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2079-9284"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8040112}, DOI={10.3390/cosmetics8040112}, abstractNote={Our body is continuously exposed to various exogenous aggressors, and, in particular, the skin represents the main target for outdoor stressors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV exposure is well-known to be associated with the development/worsening of extrinsic photoaging and a multitude of skin conditions. Considering the role of photoprotection in skin health, the research of natural photoprotective molecules becomes of great importance. Therefore, in this work we wanted to evaluate the beneficial protective effects of ripe berries of Vaccinium uliginosum (Alaska bog blueberry (BB)) extract (100 μg/mL) for preventing the cutaneous oxidative, inflammatory, and structural damage induced by exposure to 200 mJ of UVA/UVB radiation. We observed that the topical application of BB extract on human ex vivo skin explants averted the UV-induced cutaneous OxInflammatory phenomenon by quenching the increase in the oxidative and inflammatory marker levels, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); as well as by counteracting the loss of structural proteins (filaggrin and involucrin) induced by UV radiation. Our data propose the use of a topical application of Alaska bog blueberry extract as a natural and valuable approach to ensure photoprotection against UV-induced skin damage and premature aging.}, number={4}, journal={COSMETICS}, author={Pambianchi, Erika and Hagenberg, Zachary and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Grace, Mary and Therrien, Jean-Philippe and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{mcclements_barrangou_hill_kokini_lila_meyer_yu_2021, title={Building a Resilient, Sustainable, and Healthier Food Supply Through Innovation and Technology}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1941-1421"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-food-092220-030824}, abstractNote={The modern food supply faces many challenges. The global population continues to grow and people are becoming wealthier, so the food production system must respond by creating enough high-quality food to feed everyone with minimal damage to our environment. The number of people suffering or dying from diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer, continues to rise, which is partly linked to overconsumption of highly processed foods, especially high-calorie or rapidly digestible foods. After falling for many years, the number of people suffering from starvation or malnutrition is rising, and thishas been exacerbated by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The highly integrated food supply chains that spread around the world are susceptible to disruptions due to policy changes, economic stresses, and natural disasters, as highlighted by the recent pandemic. In this perspective article, written by members of the Editorial Committee of the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, we highlight some of the major challenges confronting the modern food supply chain as well as how innovations in policy and technology can be used to address them. Pertinent technological innovations include robotics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, advanced diagnostics, nanotechnology, biotechnology, gene editing, vertical farming, and soft matter physics. Many of these technologies are already being employed across the food chain by farmers, distributors, manufacturers, and consumers to improve the quality, nutrition, safety, and sustainability of the food supply. These innovations are required to stimulate the development and implementation of new technologies to ensure a more equitable, resilient, and efficient food production system. Where appropriate, these technologies should be carefully tested before widespread implementation so that proper risk–benefit analyses can be carried out. They can then be employed without causing unforeseen adverse consequences. Finally, it is important to actively engage all stakeholders involved in the food supply chain throughout the development and testing of these new technologies to support their adoption if proven safe and effective.}, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 12, 2021}, author={McClements, David Julian and Barrangou, Rodolphe and Hill, Colin and Kokini, Jozef L. and Lila, Mary Ann and Meyer, Anne S. and Yu, Liangli}, year={2021}, pages={1–28} }
 @article{woodby_pambianchi_ferrara_therrien_pecorelli_messano_lila_valacchi_2021, title={Cutaneous antimicrobial peptides: New “actors” in pollution related inflammatory conditions}, volume={41}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101952}, DOI={10.1016/j.redox.2021.101952}, abstractNote={Ozone (O3) exposure has been reported to contribute to various cutaneous inflammatory conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, rush etc. via a redox-inflammatory pathway. O3 is too reactive to penetrate cutaneous tissue; it interacts with lipids present in the outermost layer of skin, resulting in formation of oxidized molecules and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Interestingly, several inflammatory skin pathologies demonstrate altered levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These small, cationic peptides are found in various cells, including keratinocytes, eccrine gland cells, and seboctyes. Classically, AMPs function as antimicrobial agents. Recent studies indicate that AMPs also play roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Since altered levels of AMPs have been detected in pollution-associated skin pathologies, we hypothesized that exposure to O3 could affect the levels of AMPs in the skin. We examined levels of AMPs using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence in vitro (human keratinocytes), ex vivo (human skin explants), and in vivo (human volunteer subjects exposed to O3) and observed increased levels of all the measured AMPs upon O3 exposure. In addition, in vitro studies have confirmed the redox regulation of AMPs in keratinocytes. This novel finding suggests that targeting AMPs could be a possible defensive strategy to combat pollution-associated skin conditions.}, journal={Redox Biology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Woodby, Brittany and Pambianchi, Erika and Ferrara, Francesca and Therrien, Jean-Philippe and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Messano, Nicolo’ and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={101952} }
 @article{lujan_dura_guzman_grace_lila_steiner_sanogo_2021, title={Efficacy of Pecan Husk and Shell Phenolic Extracts Against Phytophthora Blight in Chile Pepper}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1535-1025"]}, DOI={10.1094/PHP-02-21-0024-FI}, abstractNote={ Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is detrimental to chile peppers (Capsicum sp.). In this study, phenolics extracted from pecan (Carya illinoinensis) husk and shell were foliarly applied to chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L., cultivar NM 6-4) to induce a resistance response against plant infection by P. capsici. Several pecan metabolite extractions were tested, and an acetic acid (2%) in aqueous methanol (80%) solution was the best extraction solvent, yielding total polyphenolic content of 290 mg/g dry weight from husk and 641 mg/g from shell. The phenolic extracts from husk and shell were applied as foliar sprays at different concentrations to chile plants inoculated with a virulent isolate of P. capsici. Chile plants treated with 1% phenolic husk or shell extracts or 0.1% salicylic acid remained alive throughout the study, whereas plants subjected to all other treatments (including a water control treatment) died. Analyses of the extracts through spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the phenolic content in the extracts was largely made up of proanthocyanidins also known as condensed tannins. Pecan byproducts may be used as additional options for management of Phytophthora blight. }, number={3}, journal={PLANT HEALTH PROGRESS}, author={Lujan, Phillip and Dura, Srijana and Guzman, Ivette and Grace, Mary and Lila, Mary A. and Steiner, Robert and Sanogo, Soum}, year={2021}, pages={342–347} }
 @article{mengist_bostan_young_kay_gillitt_ballington_kay_ferruzzi_ashrafi_lila_et al._2021, title={High-density linkage map construction and identification of loci regulating fruit quality traits in blueberry}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2052-7276"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00605-z}, DOI={10.1038/s41438-021-00605-z}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}, author={Mengist, Molla F. and Bostan, Hamed and Young, Elisheba and Kay, Kristine L. and Gillitt, Nicholas and Ballington, James and Kay, Colin D. and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and Ashrafi, Hamid and Lila, Mary Ann and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{hayes_corbin_nunn_pottorff_kay_lila_iorrizo_ferruzzi_2021, title={Influence of simulated food and oral processing on carotenoid and chlorophyll in vitro bioaccessibility among six spinach genotypes}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2042-650X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D1FO00600B}, DOI={10.1039/D1FO00600B}, abstractNote={Spinach processing and simulated mastication impact the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and chlorophylls with a spinach matrix.}, journal={FOOD & FUNCTION}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Hayes, Micaela and Corbin, Sydney and Nunn, Candace and Pottorff, Marti and Kay, Colin D. and Lila, Mary Ann and Iorrizo, Massimo and Ferruzzi, Mario G.}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{jacquet_ambaw_tambe_ma_timmers_grace_wu_simon_mccabe_lila_et al._2021, title={Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson's disease models}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2042-650X"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D1FO00007A}, DOI={10.1039/D1FO00007A}, abstractNote={The isoflavone-rich extracts red clover and soy and the individual isoflavones daidzein and equol protect neuronal cultures against triggers of Parkinson's disease, and rescue motor deficits in rats exposed to the neurotoxin 6-OHDA.}, journal={FOOD & FUNCTION}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Jacquet, Aurelie de Rus and Ambaw, Abeje and Tambe, Mitali Arun and Ma, Sin Ying and Timmers, Michael and Grace, Mary H. and Wu, Qing-Li and Simon, James E. and McCabe, George P. and Lila, Mary Ann and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{hoskin_pambianchi_pecorelli_grace_therrien_valacchi_lila_2021, title={Novel Spray Dried Algae-Rosemary Particles Attenuate Pollution-Induced Skin Damage}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1420-3049"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133781}, DOI={10.3390/molecules26133781}, abstractNote={The present study investigated the effect of spray-dried algae-rosemary particles against pollution-induced damage using ex-vivo human biopsies exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). For this, the complexation of hydroalcoholic rosemary extract with Chlorella (RCH) and Spirulina (RSP) protein powders was conducted. The process efficiency and concentration of rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CA), and carnosol (CR) phenolic compounds of both products were compared. The RSP spray-dried production was more efficient, and RSP particles presented higher CR and CA and similar RA concentrations. Therefore, spray-dried RSP particles were prioritized for the preparation of a gel formulation that was investigated for its ability to mitigate pollution-induced skin oxinflammatory responses. Taken altogether, our ex-vivo data clearly demonstrated the ability of RSP gel to prevent an oxinflammatory phenomenon in cutaneous tissue by decreasing the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts (4HNE-PA) and active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as well as by limiting the loss of filaggrin induced by DEE exposure. Our results suggest that the topical application of spirulina-rosemary gel is a good approach to prevent pollution-induced skin aging/damage.}, number={13}, journal={MOLECULES}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hoskin, Roberta and Pambianchi, Erika and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Grace, Mary and Therrien, Jean-Philippe and Valacchi, Giuseppe and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{strauch_lila_2021, title={Pea protein isolate characteristics modulate functional properties of pea protein-cranberry polyphenol particles}, volume={5}, ISSN={["2048-7177"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2335}, DOI={10.1002/fsn3.2335}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Strauch, Renee Cilliers and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2021}, month={May} }
 @article{lawrence_zwetsloot_arthur_sherman_huot_badmaev_grace_lila_nieman_shanely_2021, title={Phytoecdysteroids Do Not Have Anabolic Effects in Skeletal Muscle in Sedentary Aging Mice}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1660-4601"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020370}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph18020370}, abstractNote={Skeletal muscle mass and strength are lost with aging. Phytoecdysteroids, in particular 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), increase protein synthesis in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and muscle strength in young rats. The objective of this study was to determine whether an extract from Ajuga turkestanica (ATE), enriched in phytoecdysteroids, and 20E affect skeletal muscle mass and fiber size, fiber type, activation of the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, and the mRNA levels of MAFbx, MuRF-1, and myostatin in sedentary aging mice. Aging male C57BL/6 mice (20 months old) received ATE, 20E, or vehicle (CT) once per day for 28 days or a single acute dose. Treatment did not alter body, muscle, or organ mass; fiber cross-sectional area; or fiber type in the triceps brachii or plantaris muscles. Likewise, protein synthesis signaling markers (i.e., phosphorylation of AktSer473 and p70S6kThr389) measured after either 28 days or acutely were unchanged. Neither ATE nor 20E treatment for 28 days affected the mRNA levels of MAFbx, MuRF-1, and myostatin. In conclusion, these data indicate that phytoecdysteroid treatment does not alter muscle mass or fiber type, nor does it activate protein synthesis signaling in the skeletal muscle of sedentary aging mice.}, number={2}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH}, author={Lawrence, Marcus M. and Zwetsloot, Kevin A. and Arthur, Susan T. and Sherman, Chase A. and Huot, Joshua R. and Badmaev, Vladimir and Grace, Mary and Lila, Mary Ann and Nieman, David C. and Shanely, R. Andrew}, year={2021}, month={Jan} }
 @article{sato_pellegrini_cregor_mcandrews_choi_maiz_johnson_mccabe_mccabe_ferruzzi_et al._2021, title={Skeletal Protection and Promotion of Microbiome Diversity by Dietary Boosting of the Endogenous Antioxidant Response}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1523-4681"]}, DOI={10.1002/jbmr.4231}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH}, author={Sato, Amy Y. and Pellegrini, Gretel G. and Cregor, Meloney and McAndrews, Kevin and Choi, Roy B. and Maiz, Maria and Johnson, Olivia and McCabe, Linda D. and McCabe, George P. and Ferruzzi, Mario G. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Apr}, pages={768–778} }
 @article{hughes_connors_grace_lila_willans_wommack_2021, title={The same anthocyanins served four different ways: Insights into anthocyanin structure-function relationships from the wintergreen orchid, Tipularia discolor}, volume={303}, ISSN={["1873-2259"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110793}, DOI={10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110793}, abstractNote={Over 500 unique anthocyanins have been described to date, which vary in color, antioxidant, light-attenuating, and antimicrobial properties. Identification of anthocyanin chemical structure may therefore serve as an important clue to their in situ function in plants. We characterized the histological and chemical structures of anthocyanins associated with diverse leaf color patterns in the terrestrial orchid, Tipularia discolor, as a step towards understanding their ultimate function. Tipularia discolor produces a single wintergreen leaf in autumn, which is drab brown in color during expansion. Upper (adaxial) surfaces of fully-expanded leaves may be green, purple-spotted, or solid purple, while lower (abaxial) surfaces are bright magenta. Our results showed that the same three cyanidin 3,7,3′-triglucosides, in similar concentrations and proportions, accounted for coloration in each of these cases, and that different colors result from differences in histological location of anthocyanins (i.e. abaxial/adaxial epidermis, mesophyll). Anthocyanins with 3,7,3′ linkage positions are rare in plants, occurring only within the orchid subfamily Epidendroideae, to which Tipularia belongs. These results are important to the discussion of anthocyanin structure-function because they serve as a reminder that 1) plants may employ the same anthocyanins in different anatomical locations to achieve a broad range of colors (and potentially adaptive functions), and 2) anthocyanin chemical structure and anatomical location are influenced by phylogenetic inertia, as well as natural selection.}, journal={PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Hughes, Nicole M. and Connors, Michaela K. and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann and Willans, Brooke N. and Wommack, Andrew J.}, year={2021}, month={Feb} }
 @article{grace_hoskin_xiong_lila_2021, title={Whey and soy proteins as wall materials for spray drying rosemary: Effects on polyphenol composition, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and stability during storage}, volume={149}, ISSN={["1096-1127"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111901}, DOI={10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111901}, abstractNote={A straightforward protocol was developed to produce rosemary particles using whey and soy protein carriers. The post-processing retention of carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CR) and rosmarinic acid (RA), their bioaccessibility, in vitro antioxidant activity, and storage stability were investigated in protein-rosemary particles compared to rosemary extract (RME). Solids recovery was highest for whey protein or whey-inulin blend complexed with rosemary (R–WPI, R–WIN, ~90%), followed by soy protein or soy-inulin (R–SPI, R–SIN, 60% and 70%); all were higher than rosemary alone (RME, 52%). Protein or protein/inulin carriers significantly enhanced retention of CR (36.8–50.7 mg/g) and CA (17.1–19.6 mg/g) compared to RME (19.8 mg/g and 8.3 mg/g, respectively). In vitro digestibility showed that whey protein isolate increased the bioaccessibility of CA and CR, with no effect on RA, which was highly bioaccessible in all formulations. The rosemary-protein-treatments retained high antioxidant activity measured by ROS and NO assays. CR and CA were particularly stable during 20 weeks of storage in protein-rosemary particles, and stayed at their higher concentration compared to RME. Water activity was below 0.5 and remarkable color stability was observed during storage. Overall, spray dried protein-rosemary particles constitute a creative solution to deliver preserved phytochemicals in a high-protein food format.}, journal={LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Hoskin, Roberta and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2021}, month={Sep} }
 @article{diaz_foegeding_lila_2021, title={Whey protein-polyphenol aggregate particles mitigate bar hardening reactions in high protein bars}, volume={138}, ISSN={["1096-1127"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110747}, abstractNote={Formulating high protein bars is a challenge since concentrated proteins can negatively affect texture and reduce shelf life, causing the products to be unacceptable for consumers. This study examined the functionality of protein-polyphenol aggregate particles formulated with whey protein isolate (WPI) and polyphenol-rich cranberry juice (or imitation juice) in model high protein bars. Differences in texture and structure of protein bars during 43 days of storage at 32 °C were dependent on the type of protein (unmodified WPI or aggregate particle) and the drying technique (freeze-drying or spray-drying) used in particle formation. Bars prepared with WPI-cranberry spray-dried particles (WPI–C SD) were softer and less elastic than those formulated with unmodified WPI or polyphenol-free (WPI-IC FD, WPI-IC SD) particles (firmness range 0.09–0.85 kPa). Bars formulated with WPI-cranberry freeze-dried particles (WPI–C FD) were softer than control bars made with WPI; but, only up until 31 days of storage, and less elastic than control bars up until 11 days. The addition of protein-polyphenol particles not only increased the nutritional content of the protein bars, but also inhibited rheological and structural changes, and could be used as a novel approach for functional delivery of protein in the formulation of high protein bars.}, journal={LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Diaz, Joscelin T. and Foegeding, E. Allen and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2021}, month={Mar} }
 @article{pambianchi_ferrara_pecorelli_woodby_grace_therrien_lila_valacchi_2020, title={Blueberry Extracts as a Novel Approach to Prevent Ozone-Induced Cutaneous Inflammasome Activation}, url={https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9571490}, DOI={10.1155/2020/9571490}, abstractNote={The World Health Organization estimates that 7 million people die every year due to pollution exposure. Among the different pollutants to which living organism are exposed, ozone (O3) represents one of the most toxic, because its location which is the skin is one of the direct tissues exposed to the outdoor environment. Chronic exposure to outdoor stressors can alter cutaneous redox state resulting in the activation of inflammatory pathways. Recently, a new player in the inflammation mechanism was discovered: the multiprotein complex NLRP1 inflammasome, which has been shown to be also expressed in the skin. The topical application of natural compounds has been studied for the last 40 years as a possible approach to prevent and eventually cure skin conditions. Recently, the possibility to use blueberry (BB) extract to prevent pollution-induced skin toxicity has been of great interest in the cosmeceutical industry. In the present study, we analyzed the cutaneous protective effect of BB extract in several skin models (2D, 3D, and human skin explants). Specifically, we observed that in the different skin models used, BB extracts were able to enhance keratinocyte wound closure and normalize proliferation and migration responses previously altered by O3. In addition, pretreatment with BB extracts was able to prevent ozone-induced ROS production and inflammasome activation measured as NRLP1-ASC scaffold formation and also prevent the transcripts of key inflammasome players such as CASP1 and IL-18, suggesting that this approach as a possible new technology to prevent cutaneous pollution damage. Our data support the hypothesis that BB extracts can effectively reduce skin inflammation and be a possible new technology against cutaneous pollution-induced damage.}, journal={Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity}, author={Pambianchi, Erika and Ferrara, Francesca and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Woodby, Brittany and Grace, Mary and Therrien, Jean-Philippe and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2020}, month={Aug} }
 @article{nieman_gillitt_chen_zhang_sha_kay_chandra_kay_lila_2020, title={Blueberry and/or Banana Consumption Mitigate Arachidonic, Cytochrome P450 Oxylipin Generation During Recovery From 75-Km Cycling: A Randomized Trial}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2296-861X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fnut.2020.00121}, abstractNote={Oxylipins are bioactive lipid oxidation products, have vital regulatory roles in numerous physiological processes including inflammation, and can be impacted by diet. This study determined if 2-weeks of blueberry and/or acute banana ingestion influenced generation of n-6 and n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins during recovery from exercise-induced physiological stress. Cyclists (n = 59, 39 ± 2 years of age) were randomized to freeze-dried blueberry or placebo groups, and ingested 26 grams/d (1 cup/d blueberries equivalent) for 2 weeks. Cyclists reported to the lab in an overnight fasted state and engaged in a 75-km cycling time trial (185.5 ± 5.2 min). Cyclists from each group (blueberry, placebo) were further randomized to ingestion of a water-only control or water with a carbohydrate source (Cavendish bananas, 0.2 g/kg carbohydrate every 15 min) during exercise. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-2-weeks blueberry supplementation, and 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 24, and 48 h-post-exercise. Plasma oxylipins and blueberry and banana metabolites were measured with UPLC–tandem MS/MS. Significant time by treatment effects (eight time points, four groups) were found for 24 blueberry- and seven banana-derived phenolic metabolites in plasma (FDR adjusted p < 0.05). Significant post-exercise increases were observed for 64 of 67 identified plasma oxylipins. When oxylipins were grouped relative to fatty acid substrate [arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA)], and enzyme systems [cytochrome P450 (CYP), lipoxygenase (LOX)], banana and blueberry ingestion were independently associated with significant post-exercise reductions in pro-inflammatory ARA-CYP hydroxy- and dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs, DiHETrEs) (treatment effects, FDR adjusted p < 0.05). These trial differences were especially apparent within the first 3 h of recovery. In summary, heavy exertion evoked a transient but robust increase in plasma levels of oxylipins in cyclists, with a strong attenuation effect linked to both chronic blueberry and acute banana intake on pro-inflammatory ARA-CYP oxylipins.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION}, author={Nieman, David C. and Gillitt, Nicholas D. and Chen, Guan-Yuan and Zhang, Qibin and Sha, Wei and Kay, Colin D. and Chandra, Preeti and Kay, Kristine L. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2020}, month={Aug} }
 @article{matta_xiong_lila_ward_felipe-sotelo_esposito_2020, title={Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Commercial and Non-Commercial Purple and White Açaí Berries}, volume={9}, url={https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0703.v1}, DOI={10.20944/preprints202009.0703.v1}, abstractNote={Chemical composition analysis of a&ccedil;a&iacute; extracts revealed higher levels of total polyphenol content in purple a&ccedil;a&iacute; samples for both commercial (4.3 &ndash; 44.7 gallic acid equivalents mg/g) and non-commercial samples (30.2 &ndash; 42.0 mg/g) compared to white (8.2 &ndash; 11.9 mg/g) and oil samples (0.8 &ndash; 4.6 mg/g). The major anthocyanin compounds found in purple a&ccedil;a&iacute; samples were cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside with total concentrations in the range of 3.6 &ndash; 14.3 cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents mg/g. The oligomeric proanthocyanidins were quantified in the range of 1.5 &ndash; 6.1 procyanidin B1 equivalents mg/g. Moreover, a&ccedil;a&iacute; presented significant levels of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc and copper, essential minor and trace elements, in comparison with other berries. All of the a&ccedil;a&iacute; extracts at 50 &mu;g/mL potently inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, but none inhibited the release of nitric oxide. Furthermore, all the a&ccedil;a&iacute; samples demonstrated potential as wound healing agents due to the high levels of migration activity in human fibroblast cells.}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Matta, Fernanda V. and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann and Ward, Neil I. and Felipe-Sotelo, Mónica and Esposito, Debora}, year={2020}, month={Sep} }
 @article{matta_xiong_lila_ward_felipe-sotelo_esposito_2020, title={Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Commercial and Non-Commercial Purple and White Açaí Berries}, volume={9}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101481}, DOI={10.3390/foods9101481}, abstractNote={Chemical composition analysis of açaí extracts revealed higher levels of total polyphenol content in purple açaí samples for both commercial (4.3–44.7 gallic acid equivalents mg/g) and non-commercial samples (30.2–42.0 mg/g) compared to white (8.2–11.9 mg/g) and oil samples (0.8–4.6 mg/g). The major anthocyanin compounds found in purple açaí samples were cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside with total concentrations in the range of 3.6–14.3 cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents mg/g. The oligomeric proanthocyanidins were quantified in the range of 1.5–6.1 procyanidin B1 equivalents mg/g. Moreover, açaí presented significant levels of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc and copper, essential minor and trace elements, in comparison with other berries. All of the açaí extracts at 50 μg/mL potently inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, but none inhibited the release of nitric oxide. Furthermore, all the açaí samples demonstrated potential as wound healing agents due to the high levels of migration activity in human fibroblast cells.}, number={10}, journal={Foods}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Matta, Fernanda V. and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann and Ward, Neil I. and Felipe-Sotelo, Mónica and Esposito, Debora}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={1481} }
 @article{mengist_burtch_debelo_pottorff_bostan_nunn_corbin_kay_bassil_hummer_et al._2020, title={Development of a genetic framework to improve the efficiency of bioactive delivery from blueberry}, volume={10}, ISSN={["2045-2322"]}, url={https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7560831}, DOI={10.1038/s41598-020-74280-w}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}, author={Mengist, Molla F. and Burtch, Haley and Debelo, Hawi and Pottorff, Marti and Bostan, Hamed and Nunn, Candace and Corbin, Sydney and Kay, Colin D. and Bassil, Nahla and Hummer, Kim and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Oct} }
 @article{xiong_chan_rathinasabapathy_grace_komarnytsky_lila_2020, title={Enhanced stability of berry pomace polyphenols delivered in protein-polyphenol aggregate particles to an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model}, volume={331}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127279}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127279}, abstractNote={Stability of protein-polyphenol aggregate particles, created by complexing polyphenols from blueberry and muscadine grape pomaces with a rice-pea protein isolate blend, was evaluated in an in vitro gastrointestinal model. Recovery index (RI; % total phenolics present post-digestion) was 69% and 62% from blueberry and muscadine grape protein-polyphenol particles, compared to 23% and 31% for the respective pomace extracts. Anthocyanins RI was 52% and 42% from particles (6% and 13% from pomace extracts), and proanthocyanidins RI was 77% and 73% from particles (25% and 14% from pomace extracts), from blueberry and grape, respectively. Protein-polyphenol particle digests retained 1.5 to 2-fold higher antioxidant capacity and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, IL6, and IL1β, compared to unmodified extract digests, which only suppressed IL6. Protein-polyphenol particles as a delivery vehicle in foods may confer better stability during gastrointestinal transit, allow protected polyphenols to reach the gut microbiota, and preserve polyphenol bioactivity.}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xiong, Jia and Chan, Yu Hsuan and Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan and Grace, Mary H. and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2020}, month={Nov}, pages={127279} }
 @article{diaz_foegeding_lila_2020, title={Formulation of protein–polyphenol particles for applications in food systems}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO00186D}, DOI={10.1039/D0FO00186D}, abstractNote={Consumers are demanding healthy nutritious foods rich in protein (both plant and animal) and biologically-active phytochemicals from plants, which can help the body to sustain a stronger immune system and fight against oxidative stress.}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Diaz, Joscelin T. and Foegeding, E. Allen and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2020} }
 @article{aldayel_alshammari_omar_grace_lila_yahya_2020, title={Hypoglycaemic, insulin releasing, and hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Aloe perryi Baker resin (Socotran Aloe) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats}, volume={14}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1855859}, DOI={10.1080/16583655.2020.1855859}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT This study evaluated the anti-diabetic and hepatic protective effect of the aqueous extract of the Aloe perryi (AP) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rat were divided into control, diabetic, diabetic + glimepiride, diabetic + AP (150 or 300 mg/Kg) groups. AP (300 mg/Kg) alone lowered fasting serum glucose levels but increased insulin levels and HOMA-β. At both doses, AP significantly decreased hepatic levels of CHOL and LDL-C and reduced serum levels of TGs, CHOL, and LDL-C, without altering levels of HDL-C in the diabetic rats. Also, they improved liver architectures and reduced serum levels of ALT and AST. Concomitantly, they suppressed hepatic levels of MDA, and increase hepatic levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, and GPx. Except for lipids, the effect of the extract on all other parameters was more profound with the higher dose of the extract. In conclusion, AP extract exerts hypoglycaemic, insulin-releasing, and hepatic antioxidant potentials in diabetic rats.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Taibah University for Science}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Aldayel, Tahany Saleh and Alshammari, Ghedeir M. and Omar, Ulfat Mohammed and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann and Yahya, Mohammed A.}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={1671–1685} }
 @article{hayes_pottorff_kay_van deynze_osorio-marin_lila_iorrizo_ferruzzi_2020, title={In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in a Diverse Collection of Spinach Accessions and Commercial Cultivars}, volume={68}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00158}, abstractNote={Spinach, a nutrient-dense, green-leafy vegetable, is a rich source of carotenoid and chlorophyll bioactives. While the content of bioactives is known to vary with the genotype, variation in bioaccessibility is unknown. Bioaccessibility was explored in 71 greenhouse-grown spinach genotypes in fall and spring 2018/2019. Spinach was phenotyped for its greenness, leaf texture, leaf shape, and SPAD chlorophyll content. Postharvest, spinach was washed, blanched, and homogenized prior to assessment of bioactive bioaccessibility using a novel high-throughput in vitro digestion model followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector analysis. There was a significant variation in the bioaccessible content for all bioactives (p < 0.05), except for chlorophyll b (p = 0.063) in spring-grown spinach. The correlation coefficients of bioaccessible contents between seasons reveal that lutein (r = 0.52) and β-carotene (r = 0.55) were correlated to a greater extent than chlorophyll a (r = 0.38) and chlorophyll b (r = 0.19). The results suggest that carotenoid and chlorophyll bioaccessible contents may vary based on spinach genotypes and may be stable across seasons.}, number={11}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Hayes, Micaela and Pottorff, Marti and Kay, Colin and Van Deynze, Allen and Osorio-Marin, Juliana and Lila, Mary Ann and Iorrizo, Massimo and Ferruzzi, Mario G.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={3495–3505} }
 @article{aldayel_grace_lila_yahya_omar_alshammary_2020, title={LC-MS characterization of bioactive metabolites from two Yemeni Aloe spp. with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1878-5379"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85079519944&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.003}, abstractNote={Two Yemeni Aloe(s) have been investigated; the resin from A. perry Baker (APR, Socotran Aloe), and the gel from A. vera (AVG, Saber Yamaniis). LC-MS for APR identified aloin B, aloinoside B/A, homonataloin B and microdontin B/A as the major components, constituting 67.7% w/w of the extract. AVG showed the same pattern of anthrones (19.5% w/w), in addition to the chromones aloesin, aloeresin A, aloeresin D and aloeresin E. Dihydro-isocoumarin glucoside was identified in both Aloe species. Aloe extracts showed high antioxidant activity: DPPH (0.09 & 0.05 mM/g TE), ABTS (0.06 & 0.03 mM/g TE), and FRAP (20.5 & 15.5 mM Fe+2E), for APR & AVG, respectively. The antidiabetic properties was evaluated through inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme. APR showed inhibitory activity with IC50 0.76 μg/mL higher than AVG (IC50 0.76 mg/mL). Aloin A showed the highest inhibitory activity with IC50 0.34 mg/mL that was higher than acarbose (0.54 mg/mL) the positive control, indicating that the activity of Aloe extract is linked to the aloin and other anthrone compounds. These findings highlight the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and potential antidiabetic activity of the Yemeni Aloe species and draw attention to their potential application in food, medicine and cosmetic products.}, number={4}, journal={ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY}, author={Aldayel, Tahany S. and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann and Yahya, Mohammed A. and Omar, Ulfat M. and Alshammary, Ghedeir}, year={2020}, month={Apr}, pages={5040–5049} }
 @article{xiong_matta_grace_lila_ward_felipe-sotelo_esposito_2020, title={Phenolic content, anti-inflammatory properties, and dermal wound repair properties of industrially processed and non-processed acai from the Brazilian Amazon}, volume={11}, url={https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO03109J}, DOI={10.1039/C9FO03109J}, abstractNote={Industrial processing affected polyphenol content, anti-inflammatory properties, and dermal wound repair properties of Brazilian Amazon Acai extracts.}, number={6}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Xiong, Jia and Matta, Fernanda V. and Grace, Mary and Lila, Mary Ann and Ward, Neil I. and Felipe-Sotelo, Monica and Esposito, Debora}, year={2020}, pages={4903–4914} }
 @article{ferrara_pambianchi_pecorelli_woodby_messano_therrien_lila_valacchi_2020, title={Redox regulation of cutaneous inflammasome by ozone exposure}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1873-4596"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.031}, abstractNote={Several pollutants have been shown to affect skin physiology, among which ozone (O3) is one of the most toxic. Prolonged exposure to O3 leads to increased oxidative damage and cutaneous inflammation. The correlation between O3 exposure and inflammatory cutaneous conditions (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and eczema) has been already suggested, although the mechanism involved is still unclear. In the last few decades, a new multiprotein complex, the inflammasome, has been discovered and linked to tissue inflammation, including inflammatory skin conditions. The inflammasome activates inflammatory responses and contributes to the maturation of cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18. This complex is also responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays a role in triggering the activation of the complex. On this basis it is possible hypothesize that the activation of the inflammasome could be the link between the inflammatory skin conditions associated to O3 exposure. In the present work, the ability of O3 to induce inflammasome activation was determined in different skin models, ranging from 2D (human keratinocytes) to 3D models in vitro and ex vivo. Results clearly showed that O3 exposure increased both transcript and protein levels of the main inflammasome complex, such as ASC and caspase-1. Furthermore, by using both immunofluorescence and an ASC oligomerization assay the formation of the complex was determined together with increased secreted levels of both IL-18 and IL-1β. Of note is that H2O2 and to a less extent 4HNE (both considered the main mediators of O3 interaction with cellular membranes) were also able to activate skin inflammasome while the use of catalase prevents the activation. This study demonstrated that O3 can activate cutaneous inflammasome in a redox dependent manner suggesting a possible role of this new pathway in pollution induced inflammatory skin conditions.}, journal={FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE}, author={Ferrara, Francesca and Pambianchi, Erika and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Woodby, Brittany and Messano, Nicolo and Therrien, Jean-Philippe and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={561–570} }
 @article{woodby_penta_pecorelli_lila_valacchi_2020, title={Skin Health from the Inside Out}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1941-1421"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051722}, abstractNote={The skin is the main interface between the body and the environment, providing a biological barrier against an array of chemical and physical pollutants (e.g., ultraviolet light, ozone, etc.). Exposure of the skin to these outdoor stressors generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can overwhelm the skin's endogenous defense systems (e.g., catalase, vitamins C and E, etc.), resulting in premature skin aging due to the induction of DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, lipid peroxidation, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, and formation of protein adducts. In this review, we discuss how topical application of antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, carotenoids, resveratrol, and pycnogenol, can be combined with dietary supplementation of these antioxidant compounds in addition to probiotics and essential minerals to protect against outdoor stressor-induced skin damage, including the damage associated with aging.}, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 11}, author={Woodby, Brittany and Penta, Kayla and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2020}, pages={235–254} }
 @article{mejia_zhang_penta_eroglu_lila_2020, title={The Colors of Health: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Market Demand for Colorful Foods and Natural Food Sources of Colorants}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1941-1421"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051729}, abstractNote={ There is an increasing consumer demand for natural colors in foods. However, there is a limited number of available natural food sources for use by the food industry because of technical and regulatory limitations. Natural colors are less stable and have less vibrant hues compared to their synthetic color counterparts. Natural pigments also have known health benefits that are seldom leveraged by the food industry. Betalains, carotenoids, phycocyanins, and anthocyanins are major food colorants used in the food industry that have documented biological effects, particularly in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The color industry needs new sources of stable, functional, and safe natural food colorants. New opportunities include sourcing new colors from microbial sources and via the use of genetic biotechnology. In all cases, there is an imperative need for toxicological evaluation to pave the way for their regulatory approval. }, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 11}, author={Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez and Zhang, Qiaozhi and Penta, Kayla and Eroglu, Abdulkerim and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2020}, pages={145–182} }
 @article{esposito_overall_grace_komarnytsky_lila_2019, title={Alaskan Berry Extracts Promote Dermal Wound Repair Through Modulation of Bioenergetics and Integrin Signaling}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1663-9812"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85073015678&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3389/fphar.2019.01058}, abstractNote={Various wild berry species endemic to Alaska and the circumpolar North that exhibit unique medicinal properties have long been appreciated by indigenous Arctic communities. Traditional use of Alaskan berry preparations in the treatment of skin wounds is recorded but has not been scientifically evaluated. Alaskan wild berries feature diverse phytochemical compositions that contain a variety of bioactive polyphenols exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, making them ideal for wound healing interventions and natural anti-aging cosmeceutical formulations. Given increasing interest in identifying biologically active plant constituents for wound care and cosmeceutical applications, the objective of this study was to screen several wild berry species endemic to Alaska and the circumpolar Artic for wound healing and in the crude, polyphenol-enriched, and further fractionated extracts of: Empetrum nigrum (crowberry), Vaccinium uliginosum (bog blueberry), and V. vitis-idaea (low-bush cranberry or lingonberry). A cell migration assay with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) was performed to model promotion of wound closure, revealing that bog blueberry extract most actively promoted migration, whereas divergent effects observed with other berry extracts were related to compositional disparities. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response variables measured in RAW 264.7 macrophages [reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO production, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression] were suppressed by most extracts/fractions, but especially bog blueberry and proanthocyanidin (PAC) fractions. Wild berry germplasm contained abundant complex flavonoid structures such as PAC and anthocyanins (ANCs), associated with enhanced repair and inflammatory resolution in these models. Next, underlying mechanisms by which PACs and bioactive metabolites (B2 dimer and epicatechin) could influence wound repair and tissue regeneration were examined. PAC metabolites promoted scratch-wound closure and appeared to exert the highest impacts on early stages of wound healing through stimulating mitochondrial bioenergetics (basal respiration, ATP production, and maximum respiratory capacity) and upregulating expression of important extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (integrin-ß1 and collagen type I α2 chain). Targeting cellular bioenergetics and integrin-mediated cell–ECM signaling with bioactives from Alaskan wild berries shows considerable therapeutic promise to treat chronic skin wounds and inflammatory skin disorders, as well as more generally to support regenerative healing responses and restore function in a variety of tissue and organ settings after injury or aging.}, number={SEP}, journal={FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY}, author={Esposito, Debora and Overall, John and Grace, Mary H. and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={Sep} }
 @article{velde_esposito_grace_pirovani_lila_2019, title={Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of polyphenolic extracts from strawberry and blackberry fruits}, volume={121}, ISSN={["1873-7145"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.059}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.059}, abstractNote={The polyphenolic profiles by HPLC-TOF-MS of strawberry ‘San Andreas’ and blackberry ‘Black Satin’ crude extracts (CE) were analyzed. Anthocyanin-enriched fractions (AEFs) and proanthocyanidin-enriched fractions (PEFs) were prepared, and all samples were probed for in vitro anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects in a LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage model and in a skin fibroblast migration and proliferation assay, respectively. Blackberry samples exhibited higher ROS reduction than strawberry's (up to 50% ROS suppression). Berries CEs exhibited 20% inhibition in Cox-2 gene expression, while AEFs and PEFs were inactive at the same concentration. Strawberry AEF and PEF were more active against IL-1β and IL-6 gene expressions than the similar fractions from blackberry, where PEF was more active than AEF (75% suppression by strawberry PEF). Moreover, berry PEFs were the active polyphenol fraction against iNOS gene expression (50% and 65% gen suppression by strawberry and blackberry PEF, respectively), mirroring results of NO synthesis suppression. The cell migration potential of berry polyphenolics was associated with anthocyanins. AEFs showed fibroblast migration around 50% of that registered for the positive control. Results obtained in this work highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of berry polyphenolics, especially due to proanthocyanidins. Moreover, promising results were obtained about the effects of berry anthocyanins on wound healing.}, journal={FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL}, author={Velde, Franco and Esposito, Debora and Grace, Mary H. and Pirovani, Maria E. and Lila, Mary A.}, year={2019}, month={Jul}, pages={453–462} }
 @article{plundrich_cook_maleki_fourches_lila_2019, title={Binding of peanut allergen Ara h 2 with Vaccinium fruit polyphenols}, volume={284}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.081}, abstractNote={The potential for 42 different polyphenols found in Vaccinium fruits to bind to peanut allergen Ara h 2 and inhibit IgE binding epitopes was investigated using cheminformatics techniques. Out of 12 predicted binders, delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, procyanidin C1, and chlorogenic acid were further evaluated in vitro. Circular dichroism, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and immunoblotting determined their capacity to (i) bind to Ara h 2, (ii) induce protein secondary structural changes, and (iii) inhibit IgE binding epitopes. UV-Vis spectroscopy clearly indicated that procyanidin C1 and chlorogenic acid interacted with Ara h 2, and circular dichroism results suggested that interactions with these polyphenols resulted in changes to Ara h 2 secondary structures. Immunoblotting showed that procyanidin C1 and chlorogenic acid bound to Ara h 2 significantly decreased the IgE binding capacity by 37% and 50%, respectively. These results suggest that certain polyphenols can inhibit IgE recognition of Ara h 2 by obstructing linear IgE epitopes.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Plundrich, Nathalie J. and Cook, Bethany T. and Maleki, Soheila J. and Fourches, Denis and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={287–295} }
 @article{pambianchi_francesca_pecorelli_woodby_lila_valacchi_2019, title={Blueberries Topical Application Prevents Ozone Induced Cutaneous Inflammasome Activation}, volume={145}, ISSN={["1873-4596"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.393}, journal={FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE}, author={Pambianchi, Erika and Francesca, Ferrara and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Woodby, Brittany and Lila, Mary and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={S148–S148} }
 @article{hoskin_xiong_esposito_lila_2019, title={Blueberry polyphenol-protein food ingredients: The impact of spray drying on the in vitro antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory markers, glucose metabolism and fibroblast migration}, volume={280}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.046}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.046}, abstractNote={Wild blueberry pomace extract complexed with wheat or chickpea flour or soy protein isolate produced spray dried and freeze-dried polyphenol-protein particles. To evaluate the impact of spray drying on the biological activity of these food ingredients in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulation of glucose metabolism and ability to stimulate fibroblast migration were tested. Extracts from polyphenol-protein particles significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and down-regulated the gene expression of inflammation markers (COX-2 and IL-1β). Milder suppression of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression was evident. The extracts significantly inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and accelerated fibroblast cell migration up to 3-fold after 24 h. Complexed polyphenols retained their structural integrity and bioactive potency for both lyophilized and spray dried treatments. The data suggests that spray drying is a convenient and cost-effective technique to produce blueberry-polyphenol food ingredients with preserved phytochemicals with biological activities.}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Xiong, Jia and Esposito, Debora Araújo and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={187–194} }
 @article{van de velde_méndez-galarraga_grace_fenoglio_lila_pirovani_2019, title={Changes due to high oxygen and high carbon dioxide atmospheres on the general quality and the polyphenolic profile of strawberries}, volume={148}, ISSN={0925-5214}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2018.10.015}, DOI={10.1016/J.POSTHARVBIO.2018.10.015}, abstractNote={The aim of this work was to study and model the effects of refrigerated storage with high O2 and high CO2 atmospheres (70 kPa O2 + 20 kPa CO2 and 90 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2) on microbial growth, general quality attributes, and the polyphenolic compound profile of fresh strawberries. The storage of samples in 70 kPa O2 + 20 kPa CO2 controlled microbiological decay and slightly affected soluble solids and pH values for 20 d at 5 °C. Moreover, vitamin C and proanthocyanidin contents of these samples were kept almost constant throughout the storage period. Samples in 90 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2 controlled microbiological decay for 12 d at 5 °C, soluble solids and pH values were slightly affected, and vitamin C and proanthocyanidin contents experienced up to 15% decrease during this period. However, anthocyanins underwent a substantial increase during the first 3–5 d of storage in these samples. The highest anthocyanin accumulations occurred for pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-acetylglucoside, which increased by 68%, 132%, and 167%, respectively over their initial values at 5 d. Thereafter, anthocyanins content decreased gradually or remained even higher than their initial values at 12 d. This behavior was associated with a physiological response to stress and was not seen for strawberries stored at 70 kPa O2 + 20 CO2, probably due to its higher CO2 concentration which was deleterious for anthocyanin stability. Flavonols, phenolic acids, and ellagitannins also experienced increases up to 130% at 5–12 d of storage in samples exposed to both atmospheres. The changes in general quality attributes were fitted with zero or first-order kinetics, and changes in individual phenolic compounds were adequately fitted with a consecutive reaction mechanism kinetic model.}, journal={Postharvest Biology and Technology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Van de Velde, Franco and Méndez-Galarraga, María Paula and Grace, Mary H. and Fenoglio, Cecilia and Lila, Mary Ann and Pirovani, María Élida}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={49–57} }
 @article{velde_esposito_overall_mendez-galarraga_grace_piroyani_lila_2019, title={Changes in the bioactive properties of strawberries caused by the storage in oxygen- and carbon dioxide-enriched atmospheres}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2048-7177"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85070678260&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/fsn3.1099}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION}, author={Velde, Franco and Esposito, Debora and Overall, John and Mendez-Galarraga, Maria Paula and Grace, Mary and Piroyani, Maria Elida and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={2527–2536} }
 @article{hoskin_xiong_lila_2019, title={Comparison of berry juice concentrates and pomaces and alternative plant proteins to produce spray dried protein–polyphenol food ingredients}, volume={10}, ISSN={2042-6496 2042-650X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9FO01587F}, DOI={10.1039/c9fo01587f}, abstractNote={Plant protein sources – buckwheat flour alone or blended with pea and rice proteins, and polyphenol sources – blueberry, cranberry and muscadine grape extracts from juice concentrates and pomaces – were complexed to obtain spray dried food ingredients.}, number={10}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Hoskin, Roberta Targino and Xiong, Jia and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, pages={6286–6299} }
 @article{nieman_lila_gillitt_2019, title={Immunometabolism: A Multi-Omics Approach to Interpreting the Influence of Exercise and Diet on the Immune System}, volume={10}, ISSN={["1941-1421"]}, DOI={10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121316}, abstractNote={ Immunometabolism is an evolving field of scientific endeavor that merges immunology and metabolism and has provided valuable context when evaluating the influence of dietary interventions on exercise-induced immune dysfunction. Metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics provide a system-wide view of the metabolic response to exercise by simultaneously measuring and identifying a large number of small-molecule metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Many of these are involved with immune function and regulation and are sensitive to dietary influences, especially acute carbohydrate ingestion from either sugar beverages or fruits such as bananas. Emerging evidence using large multi-omics data sets supports the combined intake of fruit sugars and phytochemicals by athletes during heavy exertion as an effective strategy to improve metabolic recovery, augment viral defense, and counter postexercise inflammation and immune dysfunction at the cell level. Multi-omics methodologies have given investigators new outcome targets to assess the efficacy of various dietary interventions for physiologically stressed athletes. }, journal={ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 10}, author={Nieman, David C. and Lila, Mary Ann and Gillitt, Nicholas D.}, year={2019}, pages={341–363} }
 @article{bansode_randolph_plundrich_lila_williams_2019, title={Peanut protein-polyphenol aggregate complexation suppresses allergic sensitization to peanut by reducing peanut-specific IgE in C3H/HeJ mice}, volume={299}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125025}, abstractNote={Peanut allergy is usually lifelong and accidental exposure impose formidable risk. The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of peanut proteins complexed to polyphenol extracts to reduce allergic response in C3H/HeJ mice. Mice were sensitized to peanut flour followed by exposure to amino acid diets fortified with peanut protein-polyphenol aggregates of either with low (15%; w/w) or high (40%; w/w) complexation ratios of blueberry (BB-Low and BB-High) and cranberry (CB-Low and CB-High) extracts. Treatment groups on diets with high complexation ratios of blueberry and cranberry aggregates showed significant reduction in peanut specific plasma Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Western blot analysis of spleen lysates showed CD63 protein expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in blueberry and cranberry complexed peanut protein supplemented diet groups. Our results demonstrate for the first time that complexation of polyphenols to peanut flour can potentially lower plasma IgE of peanut-sensitized C3H/HeJ mice.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Bansode, Rishipal R. and Randolph, Priscilla D. and Plundrich, Nathalie J. and Lila, Mary Ann and Williams, Leonard L.}, year={2019}, month={Nov} }
 @article{hughes_gigantino_grace_hoffman_lila_willans_wommack_2019, title={Photosynthetic Profiles of Green, Purple, and Spotted-Leaf Morphotypes of Tipularia discolor (Orchidaceae)}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1938-5412"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85076746059&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1656/058.018.0415}, abstractNote={Abstract Three morphotypes of Tipularia discolor (Cranefly Orchid) occur sympatrically in the piedmont of North Carolina, producing leaves with upper (adaxial) surfaces that are either green, purple, or green with purple spots; all leaves exhibit bright purple lower (abaxial) surfaces. The basis for differences in coloration between individuals in this species is unknown. Because leaf purpling is often a sign of physiological stress, we hypothesized that adaxially purple and/or spotted individuals would exhibit reduced photosynthetic capacity compared to adaxially green individuals, and that adaxially purple tissues would exhibit symptoms of shade acclimation relative to adaxially green tissues (consistent with a photoprotective function of anthocyanin pigments). We made the following measurements on samples of the 3 morphotypes: photosynthetic response to light and intercellular CO2, monthly photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, and quantification of foliar pigments (chlorophylls, xanthophylls, and anthocyanins). Inconsistent with both hypotheses, the 3 morphotypes did not differ in any of the parameters measured, except anthocyanin content. Furthermore, corms continued to produce leaves with the same pigment patterns in subsequent years, even when sunlight, fertilizer, and water were controlled for in a greenhouse setting. We conclude that leaf purpling and spotting in Cranefly Orchid are most likely not related to physiological stress, and are more likely genetic in nature, perhaps representing alternative phenotypic adaptations related to herbivory defense.}, number={4}, journal={SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}, author={Hughes, Nicole M. and Gigantino, Giana M. and Grace, Mary H. and Hoffman, Kevin M. and Lila, Mary Ann and Willans, Brooke N. and Wommack, Andrew J.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={641–658} }
 @article{grace_xiong_esposito_ehlenfeldt_lila_2019, title={Simultaneous LC-MS quantification of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics from blueberries with widely divergent profiles and biological activities}, volume={277}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.101}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.101}, abstractNote={A sensitive and straightforward LC-IT-TOF-MS method was validated for the profiling and simultaneous quantification of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, phenolic acids, and resveratrol in blueberry genotypes with fruit color ranging from deep purple (Vaccinium angustifolium) to various shades of pink (crosses of V. corymbosum, V. darrowii, and V. ashei). Standard calibration curves were linear for all analytes with correlation coefficients >0.99. The relative standard deviation for intra- and inter-day precision was lower than 10%. The method allowed an easy and selective identification and quantification of phenolics in blueberries with divergent profiles. The in vitro antioxidant assay results were strongly correlated with total phenolics and total anthocyanin content. Lowbush blueberry extracts (50 μg/mL) reduced ROS and NO production, and inhibited the transcription of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6β, COX2, iNOS, and IL-6 in the in vitro assays at much lower concentrations than pink fruited berries (250 μg/mL).}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Xiong, Jia and Esposito, Debora and Ehlenfeldt, Mark and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={Mar}, pages={336–346} }
 @article{strauch_mengist_pan_yousef_iorizzo_brown_lila_2019, title={Variation in anthocyanin profiles of 27 genotypes of red cabbage over two growing seasons}, volume={301}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125289}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125289}, abstractNote={Acylated anthocyanins, such as those found in red cabbage, are more heat-, light-, and alkaline pH-stable than non-acylated anthocyanins, making them attractive for a variety of commercial applications. A UPLC-DAD-MSE method with an optimized chromatographic strategy was used to identify 29 red cabbage anthocyanins, predominantly acylated and glucosylated cyanidin derivatives. Anthocyanin profiles of 27 red cabbage genotypes harvested in consecutive growing seasons were measured and assessed for variation. Three unique anthocyanin profile fingerprints were identified through hierarchical clustering analysis. PCA analysis identified anthocyanin accumulation traits and genotypes with high diversity which can be utilized in future investigations into the genetic and molecular basis for anthocyanin production, acylation, and diversity.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Strauch, Renee C. and Mengist, Molla F. and Pan, Kevin and Yousef, Gad G. and Iorizzo, Massimo and Brown, Allan F. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2019}, month={Dec} }
 @article{valacchi_pecorelli_pambianchi_ferrara_lila_2018, title={AtmO(3)spheric skin damage: The oxInflammation phenomena}, volume={138}, ISSN={["1523-1747"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.089}, abstractNote={Atmospheric factors such as air pollution have been implicated in premature skin aging and also being associated with several skin pathologies. Among the pollutants to which cutaneous tissues is daily exposed, ozone has been shown to be one of the most noxious. The skin damage caused by ozone exposure is largely related to its ability to generate a complex cascade of oxidative stress related reactions. Indeed ozone is not able to penetrate the skin and although it is not a radical per se it is able to react with the stratum corneum fatty acids and generate oxidized lipids that can act as second messengers. This cascade of effects is able to initiate a pro-inflammatory skin response that, with the altered redox homeostasis, leads to a vicious cycle where inflammation and ROS aliment each other. In this contest the fine regulated balance between NFkB and Nrf2 activation is also compromise and the defensive ability of cutaneous cells is corrupted. In addition, the insufficient activation of NRF2 lead to the arousal of the inflammasome pathway that can eventually lead to cells damage and death. The action by which ozone affect skin has been evidenced in several cutaneous model (2D, 3D, biopsies) and also in human subjects. Therefore, knowing the exact mechanism by which ozone is able to affect skin can bring new insights on possible therapeutic and preventive interventions.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY}, author={Valacchi, G. and Pecorelli, A. and Pambianchi, E. and Ferrara, F. and Lila, M.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={B15–B15} }
 @article{skates_overall_dezego_wilson_esposito_lila_komarnytsky_2018, title={Berries containing anthocyanins with enhanced methylation profiles are more effective at ameliorating high fat diet-induced metabolic damage}, volume={111}, ISSN={["1873-6351"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.032}, DOI={10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.032}, abstractNote={Driven by the need for alternative whole food options to manage metabolic syndrome, multiple dietary interventions are suggested to achieve a better control of metabolic risk factors and molecular networks that regulate cellular energy metabolism. It is generally accepted that anthocyanin-rich diets are beneficial for maintaining healthy body weight, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and determining inflammatory status of key metabolic tissues. However, anthocyanins are a structurally diverse group of phenolic compounds and their individual contributions to improving metabolic health are not clear. In this study, we show that consumption of berries containing anthocyanins with enhanced methylation profiles (malvidin and petunidin) is more effective at reducing high fat diet-induced metabolic damage in the C57BL/6 mouse model of polygenic obesity. Blueberries and Concord grapes (57% and 33% anthocyanins as malvidin, petunidin, or peonidin, respectively) improved body composition through individual significant effects on energy expenditure and increased activity. Methylated anthocyanins are also more effective at enhancing mitochondrial respiration and dissipation of the mitochondrial proton gradient (proton leak) in adipose tissue, thus counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction associated with metabolic stress. Together, these results provide direct proof of the higher protective potential of methylated anthocyanins against the metabolic consequences of chronic exposure to calorie-dense foods.}, journal={FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Skates, Emily and Overall, John and DeZego, Katelyn and Wilson, Mickey and Esposito, Debora and Lila, Mary Ann and Komarnytsky, Slavko}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={445–453} }
 @article{el-hawaz_grace_janbey_lila_adelberg_2018, title={In vitro mineral nutrition of Curcuma longa L. affects production of volatile compounds in rhizomes after transfer to the greenhouse}, volume={18}, journal={BMC Plant Biology}, author={El-Hawaz, R. F. and Grace, M. H. and Janbey, A. and Lila, M. A. and Adelberg, J. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{el-hawaz_grace_janbey_lila_adelberg_2018, title={In vitro mineral nutrition of Curcuma longa L. affects production of volatile compounds in rhizomes after transfer to the greenhouse (vol 18, 122, 2018)}, volume={18}, journal={BMC Plant Biology}, author={El-Hawaz, R. F. and Grace, M. H. and Janbey, A. and Lila, M. A. and Adelberg, J. W.}, year={2018} }
 @article{nieman_kay_rathore_grace_strauch_stephan_sakaguchi_lila_2018, title={Increased Plasma Levels of Gut-Derived Phenolics Linked to Walking and Running Following 2-Weeks Flavonoid Supplementation}, volume={10}, url={https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0287.v1}, DOI={10.20944/preprints201810.0287.v1}, abstractNote={Using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel group design, this investigation determined if the combination of 2-weeks flavonoid supplementation (329 mg/day, quercetin, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols mixture) and a 45-minute walking bout (62.2&plusmn;0.9% VO2max) enhanced the translocation of gut-derived phenolics into circulation in a group of walkers (N = 77). The walkers (flavonoid, placebo groups) were randomized to either sit or walk briskly on treadmills for 45 minutes (thus four groups: placebo-sit, placebo-walk, flavonoid-sit, flavonoid-walk). A comparator group of runners (N = 19) ingested a double flavonoid dose for 2 weeks (658 mg/day) and ran for 2.5 h (69.2&plusmn;1.2% VO2max). Four blood samples were collected (pre- and post-supplementation, immediately-post- and 24-h post-exercise/rest). Of the 76 metabolites detected in this targeted analysis, 15 increased after the 2.5-h run, and when grouped were also elevated post-exercise (versus placebo-sit) for the placebo- and flavonoid-walking groups (P < 0.05). A secondary analysis showed that pre-study plasma concentrations of gut-derived phenolics in the runners were 40% higher compared to walkers (P = 0.031). These data indicate that acute exercise bouts (brisk walking, intensive running) are linked to an increased translocation of gut-derived phenolics into circulation, an effect that is amplified when combined with a 2-week period of increased flavonoid intake or chronic training as a runner.}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Nieman, David C. and Kay, Colin D. and Rathore, Artul S. and Grace, Mary H. and Strauch, Renee C. and Stephan, Ella H. and Sakaguchi, Camila A. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2018}, month={Oct} }
 @article{nieman_kay_rathore_grace_strauch_stephan_sakaguchi_lila_2018, title={Increased Plasma Levels of Gut-Derived Phenolics Linked to Walking and Running Following Two Weeks of Flavonoid Supplementation}, volume={10}, url={http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1718}, DOI={10.3390/nu10111718}, abstractNote={Using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel group design, this investigation determined if the combination of two weeks of flavonoid supplementation (329 mg/day, quercetin, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols mixture) and a 45-minute walking bout (62.2 ± 0.9% VO2max (maximal oxygen consumption rate)) enhanced the translocation of gut-derived phenolics into circulation in a group of walkers (n = 77). The walkers (flavonoid, placebo groups) were randomized to either sit or walk briskly on treadmills for 45 min (thus, four groups: placebo–sit, placebo–walk, flavonoid–sit, flavonoid–walk). A comparator group of runners (n = 19) ingested a double flavonoid dose for two weeks (658 mg/day) and ran for 2.5 h (69.2 ± 1.2% VO2max). Four blood samples were collected (pre- and post-supplementation, immediately post- and 24 h post-exercise/rest). Of the 76 metabolites detected in this targeted analysis, 15 increased after the 2.5 h run, and when grouped were also elevated post-exercise (versus placebo–sit) for the placebo– and flavonoid–walking groups (p < 0.05). A secondary analysis showed that pre-study plasma concentrations of gut-derived phenolics in the runners were 40% higher compared to walkers (p = 0.031). These data indicate that acute exercise bouts (brisk walking, intensive running) are linked to an increased translocation of gut-derived phenolics into circulation, an effect that is amplified when combined with a two-week period of increased flavonoid intake or chronic training as a runner.}, number={11}, journal={Nutrients}, author={Nieman, David C. and Kay, Colin and Rathore, Atul S and Grace, Mary H. and Strauch, Renee C. and Stephan, Ella H. and Sakaguchi, Camila A. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2018}, month={Nov} }
 @article{bansode_plundrich_randolph_lila_williams_2018, title={Peanut flour aggregation with polyphenolic extracts derived from peanut skin inhibits IgE binding capacity and attenuates RBL-2H3 cells degranulation via MAPK signaling pathway}, volume={263}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.007}, abstractNote={This study investigates the anti-allergic properties of peanut skin polyphenols (PSP)-enriched peanut (PN) protein aggregates. PSP was blended with PN flour at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 40% (w/w). Rat basophil leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) were sensitized with either anti-DNP-IgE or PN-allergic plasma followed by co-exposure to unmodified PN flour (control) or PSP-PN protein aggregates and Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin. Immunoblotting and staining were performed to measure the IgE binding capacity of PSP-PN aggregates. Results showed that 30% PSP-PN aggregate significantly reduced β-hexosaminidase and histamine levels by 54.2% and 49.2%, respectively compared with control. Immunoblotting results revealed 40% PSP-PN aggregates significantly decreased IgE binding by 19%. The phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK was significantly reduced while phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK increased upon PSP-PN protein aggregate exposure to the cells. Our results show that aggregation of PSP to PN proteins reduces allergic response by inhibiting Ca2+-induced MAPK-dependent cell degranulation.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Bansode, Rishipal R. and Plundrich, Nathalie J. and Randolph, Priscilla D. and Lila, Mary Ann and Williams, Leonard L.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={307–314} }
 @article{foegeding_plundrich_schneider_campbell_lila_2018, title={Protein-polyphenol particles for delivering structural and health functionality (Reprinted from Food Hydrocolloids, vol 72, pg 163-173, 2017)}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1873-7137"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.02.047}, abstractNote={Dietary proteins and polyphenols contribute both nutritive and extra-nutritional (disease-preventing and metabolism-enhancing) benefits, and can participate in food structure formation and stabilization. There is a desire to increase consumption of proteins and polyphenols based on health considerations, and one approach is to form protein-polyphenol particles that combine both health and structural functionality in food products. The roles of proteins and polyphenols individually, or when bound together, are discussed in terms of health benefits (nutrition, disease prevention, satiety, allergy alleviation) and impact on food structure. The overall goal should be a rational design of protein-polyphenol particles to ensure a positive contribution to food quality, protein nutrition, and delivery of a health-relevant dose of polyphenols to the gastrointestinal tract.}, journal={FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS}, author={Foegeding, E. Allen and Plundrich, Nathalie and Schneider, Margaret and Campbell, Caroline and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2018}, month={May}, pages={15–25} }
 @article{muresan_sticozzi_belmonte_cervellati_ferrara_lila_valacchi_2018, title={SR-B1 involvement in keratinocytes in vitro wound closure}, volume={658}, ISSN={["1096-0384"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.014}, abstractNote={Skin represents the most extended organ of human body, having as main function the protection of our body from outdoor stressors. Its protective ability is compromised when the skin is disrupted as a consequence of mechanical insults. For this purpose, cutaneous tissue is equipped with an efficient and fine mechanism involved in repairing the wounded area. Among the numerous players that take part in the wound healing process, SR-B1 has been recently shown to have a role in keratinocyte re-epithelialization. SR-B1 is a mediator of cholesterol uptake from HDLs, whereas it is implicated in other cellular processes such as vitamins absorption, vesicle trafficking or pathogen identification. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in SR-B1 role in skin wound closure. Our in vitro data demonstrated that SR-B1 influenced keratinocyte proliferation and migration through a downregulation of nuclear cyclin D1 levels and active MMP9 expression respectively possibly in an NF-kB-dependent mechanism. In addition, SR-B1 was also able to modulate keratinocyte morphology into a pro-migratory cytoskeleton rearrangement. The present in vitro study suggests a new role of SRB1 as a possible new key player in cutaneous wound healing mechanism.}, journal={ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS}, author={Muresan, Ximena M. and Sticozzi, Claudia and Belmonte, Giuseppe and Cervellati, Franco and Ferrara, Francesca and Lila, Mary Ann and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={1–6} }
 @article{sticozzi_pecorelli_romani_belmonte_cervellati_maioli_lila_gervellati_valacchi_2018, title={Tropospheric ozone affects SRB1 levels via oxidative post-translational modifications in lung cells}, volume={126}, ISSN={["1873-4596"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.007}, abstractNote={Exposure to air pollution is associated with increased respiratory morbidities and susceptibility to lung dysfunction. Ozone (O3) is commonly recognized as one of the most noxious air pollutant and has been associated with several lung pathologies. It has been demonstrated that decreased lung disorder severity and incidence are connected with the consumption of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, suggesting that higher intake of dietary micronutrients and phytoactive compounds can be beneficial. However, dietary supplementation - i.e. vitamin E (α-tocopherol) or vitamin A - has not always been effective in improving pulmonary function. Recently, research on the role of nutritional antioxidants on human health has focused more on studying their uptake at the cellular level rather than their effective ability to scavenge reactvive oxygen species (ROS). The Scavenger Receptor B1 (SRB1) has been shown to play a prominent role in the uptake, delivery and regulation of vitamin E in the lung. Given the importance of SRB1 in maintaining lung tissue in a healthy condition, we hypothesize that its expression could be modulated by pollution exposure, which thus could indirectly affect the uptake and/or delivery of lipophilic substances, such as vitamin E. To characterize the molecular mechanism involved in the redox modulation of SRB1, its cellular levels were assessed in human alveolar epithelial cells after O3 exposure. The results demonstrated that O3 induced the loss of SRB1 protein levels. This decline seems to be driven by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a consequence of an increased activation of cellular NADPH oxidase (NOX), as demonstrated by the use of NOX inhibitors or catalase that reversed this effect. Furthermore, O3 caused the formation of SRB1-aldheyde adducts (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) and the consequent increase of its ubiquitination, a mechanism that could account for SRB1 protein loss.}, journal={FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE}, author={Sticozzi, Claudia and Pecorelli, Alessandra and Romani, Arianna and Belmonte, Giuseppe and Cervellati, Franco and Maioli, Emanuela and Lila, Mary Ann and Gervellati, Carlo and Valacchi, Giuseppe}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={287–295} }
 @article{overall_lila_komarnytsky_2017, title={Anthocyanins in metabolic health and disease}, journal={Nutrigenomics and proteomics in health and disease: towards a systems-level understanding of gene-diet interactions, 2nd edition}, author={Overall, J. and Lila, M. A. and Komarnytsky, S.}, year={2017}, pages={92–124} }
 @article{dan_yousef_campbell_phelps_burnett_kekkonen_shockley_lila_2017, title={Development, and genetic and metabolic characterization of new tomato mutants with enhanced and deficient carotenoid content}, volume={92}, ISSN={["2380-4084"]}, DOI={10.1080/14620316.2017.1301223}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a valuable vegetable crop rich in health-protective carotenoids, but breeding improvements are limited by its narrow genetic diversity. New mutants with enhanced and deficient carotenoid content in a single genetic background of tomato cv. MicroTom were developed via chemical mutagenesis. Genetic and metabolic analyses showed that mutant DC260, which exhibited fruit color alteration from red to deep red interlaced with orange color, had significant (P < 0.05) increases of lycopene (up to 42.8%) and ß-carotene (up to 61.5%) compared with control plants. Pearson correlation analysis of M1 and M2 generations in DC260 revealed that fruit color alteration was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with lycopene (coefficient = 0.55) and ß-carotene content (coefficient = 0.63). The fruit color alteration of DC260 was controlled by a single gene at a heterozygous locus. In contrast, mutant DC107 and DC624, which exhibited fruit color alteration from red to orange-yellow, was significantly (P < 0.05) carotenoid-deficient with up to 346.3-, 10.8-, and 185.2- fold reductions of lycopene, ß-carotene, and total carotenoids, respectively, compared with the control plants. Carotenoid deficiency in DC170 and DC624 was responsible for the fruit color alteration and was controlled by a dominant gene at a homozygous locus.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Dan, Yinghui and Yousef, Gad and Campbell, Faith N. and Phelps, Drake W. and Burnett, Callie and Kekkonen, Anni and Shockley, Alexa and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, pages={475–483} }
 @article{zwetsloot_nieman_knab_john_lomiwes_hurst_gillitt_lila_2017, title={Effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training on exercise performance and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress}, volume={31}, journal={FASEB Journal}, author={Zwetsloot, K. A. and Nieman, D. C. and Knab, A. and John, C. S. and Lomiwes, D. D. and Hurst, R. D. and Gillitt, N. D. and Lila, M. A.}, year={2017} }
 @article{bussler_dezego_bowen_buige_esposito_lila_komarnytsky_2017, title={Health modifying regions in the oat (Avena sativa) genome responsible for beneficial effects on immune and gastrointestinal health}, volume={31}, journal={FASEB Journal}, author={Bussler, W. W. and Dezego, K. and Bowen, M. and Buige, A. and Esposito, D. and Lila, M. A. and Komarnytsky, S.}, year={2017} }
 @article{plundrich_bansode_williams_lila_2017, title={In vitro Hypoallergenicity of Peanut Protein-Blueberry Polyphenol Aggregate Particles}, volume={139}, ISSN={["1097-6825"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.455}, abstractNote={The effector phase of the peanut (PN) allergic reaction involves crosslinking of PN allergen epitopes with PN-specific IgE located on mast cell and basophil surfaces causing them to degranulate and to release inflammatory compounds. Plant-derived polyphenolic compounds are able to bind to proteins. In this study, stable aggregate particles comprised of PN proteins and blueberry pomace polyphenols were investigated for their allergen response potential by binding to IgE in vitro. Peanut protein-blueberry pomace polyphenol aggregate particles were created by complexing lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) pomace polyphenols with roasted PN flour. Particles containing 5 to 40% polyphenols were created. For the detection of PN-specific IgE binding by PN proteins, immunoblotting was performed with pooled plasma from seven PN-allergic individuals. RBL-2H3 mast cells were exposed to aggregate particles or PN flour and evaluated for markers of degranulation (β-hexosaminidase and histamine). IgE binding capacity to PN proteins in aggregate particles was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the 15, 30 and 40% polyphenol samples by 21, 30 and 31% compared to uncomplexed PN proteins, respectively. Anti-DNP-IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells challenged with DNP-BSA and Ionomycin in the presence of aggregate particles were evaluated for their release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine. Aggregate particles with lower %polyphenol concentrations appeared to mitigate Ionomycin induced-degranulation. Results suggest the modification of PN proteins with blueberry pomace polyphenols led to the formation of aggregate particles with reduced allergenic potential. Future trials are warranted to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the aggregate particles.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY}, author={Plundrich, Nathalie and Bansode, Rishipal and Williams, Leonard and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Feb}, pages={AB139–AB139} }
 @article{plundrich_bansode_williams_lila_2017, title={In vitro hypoallergenic potential of peanut protein-polyphenol aggregate particles}, volume={31}, journal={FASEB Journal}, author={Plundrich, N. J. and Bansode, R. R. and Williams, L. L. and Lila, M. A.}, year={2017} }
 @article{nieman_ramamoorthy_kay_goodman_capps_shue_heyl_grace_lila_2017, title={Influence of Ingesting a Flavonoid-Rich Supplement on the Metabolome and Concentration of Urine Phenolics in Overweight/Obese Women}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1535-3907"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00196}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00196}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the effect of ingesting a flavonoid-rich supplement (329 mg/d) on total urine phenolics and shifts in plasma metabolites in overweight/obese female adults using untargeted metabolomics procedures. Participants (N = 103, 18-65 y, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were randomized to flavonoid (F) or placebo (P) groups for 12 weeks with blood and 24 h urine samples collected prestudy and after 4 and 12 weeks in a parallel design. Supplements were prepared as chewable tablets and included vitamin C, wild bilberry fruit extract, green tea leaf extract, quercetin, caffeine, and omega 3 fatty acids. At 4 weeks, urine total phenolics increased 24% in F versus P with similar changes at 12 weeks (interaction effect, P = 0.041). Groups did not differ in markers of inflammation (IL-6, MCP-1, CRP) or oxidative stress (oxLDL, FRAP). Metabolomics data indicated shifts in 63 biochemicals in F versus P with 70% from the lipid and xenobiotics superpathways. The largest fold changes in F were measured for three gut-derived phenolics including 3-methoxycatechol sulfate, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid sulfate, and 1,2,3-benzenetriol sulfate (interaction effects, p ≤ 0.050). This randomized clinical trial of overweight/obese women showed that 12 weeks ingestion of a mixed flavonoid nutrient supplement was associated with a corresponding increase in urine total phenolics and gut-derived phenolic metabolites.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH}, author={Nieman, David C. and Ramamoorthy, Sivapriya and Kay, Colin D. and Goodman, Courtney L. and Capps, Christopher R. and Shue, Zack L. and Heyl, Nicole and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary A.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={2924–2935} }
 @article{timmers_grace_yousef_lila_2017, title={Inter- and intra-seasonal changes in anthocyanin accumulation and global metabolite profiling of six blueberry genotypes}, volume={59}, ISSN={["1096-0481"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85014867133&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jfca.2017.02.019}, abstractNote={Anthocyanin content in six blueberry genotypes was evaluated across two harvest seasons. Three southern highbush (hybrids of Vaccinium corymbosum) genotypes (Legacy, Sampson, SHF2B1-21:3) showed a dramatic and almost linear increase in total anthocyanin content across each harvest season, with an increase of up to 20 mg/g dry weight (DW). The three rabbiteye (V. virgatum) genotypes (Ira, Montgomery, Onslow) showed no trend in anthocyanin content, fluctuating by up to 15 mg/g DW. The relative proportions of each individual anthocyanin were also investigated. Rabbiteye genotypes contained higher percentages of cyanidin glycosides than the southern highbush genotypes, while the reverse was found for the levels of delphinidin glycosides present. For southern highbush genotypes, the percentages of malvidin and delphinidin glycosides were inversely proportional across each harvest season. Principal component analysis on the data obtained by HPLC–MS of the crude extracts clearly separated rabbiteyes and southern highbush into two discrete sets based on global metabolite profiling. Within the southern highbush grouping, genotypes were easily distinguished from one another across each harvest season, due to their separation on the scores plot, indicating that each genotype had distinctly different metabolite profile, whereas each of the rabbiteye genotypes overlapped on the scores plot, indicating commonalities in metabolite profiles.}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS}, author={Timmers, Michael A. and Grace, Mary H. and Yousef, Gad G. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={105–110} }
 @article{jacquet_timmers_ma_thieme_mccabe_vest_lila_rochet_2017, title={Lumbee traditional medicine: Neuroprotective activities of medicinal plants used to treat Parkinson's disease-related symptoms}, volume={206}, ISSN={["1872-7573"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.021}, abstractNote={Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence in surviving neurons of Lewy body inclusions enriched with aggregated forms of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (aSyn). Although current therapies provide temporary symptomatic relief, they do not slow the underlying neurodegeneration in the midbrain. In this study, we analyzed contemporary herbal medicinal practices used by members of the Lumbee tribe to treat PD-related symptoms, in an effort to identify safe and effective herbal medicines to treat PD. The aims of this study were to (i) document medicinal plants used by Lumbee Indians to treat PD and PD-related symptoms, and (ii) characterize a subset of plant candidates in terms of their ability to alleviate neurotoxicity elicited by PD-related insults and their potential mechanisms of neuroprotection. Interviews of Lumbee healers and local people were carried out in Pembroke, North Carolina, and in surrounding towns. Plant samples were collected and prepared as water extracts for subsequent analysis. Extracts were characterized in terms of their ability to induce activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response in cortical astrocytes. An extract prepared from Sambucus caerulea flowers (elderflower extract) was further examined for the ability to induce Nrf2-mediated transcription in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and primary midbrain cultures, to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction, and to alleviate rotenone- or aSyn-mediated neurotoxicity. The ethnopharmacological interviews resulted in the documentation of 32 medicinal plants used to treat PD-related symptoms and 40 plants used to treat other disorders. A polyphenol-rich extract prepared from elderflower activated the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in cortical astrocytes, iPSC-derived astrocytes, and primary midbrain cultures, apparently via the inhibition of Nrf2 degradation mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Furthermore, the elderflower extract rescued mitochondrial functional deficits in a neuronal cell line and alleviated neurotoxicity elicited by rotenone and aSyn in primary midbrain cultures. These results highlight potential therapeutic benefits of botanical extracts used in traditional Lumbee medicine, and they provide insight into mechanisms by which an elderflower extract could suppress neurotoxicity elicited by environmental and genetic PD-related insults.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY}, author={Jacquet, Aurelie de Rus and Timmers, Michael and Ma, Sin Ying and Thieme, Andrew and McCabe, George P. and Vest, Jay Hansford C. and Lila, Mary Ann and Rochet, Jean-Christophe}, year={2017}, month={Jul}, pages={408–425} }
 @article{overall_bonney_wilson_beermann_grace_esposito_lila_komarnytsky_2017, title={Metabolic Effects of Berries with Structurally Diverse Anthocyanins}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1422-0067"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85013078281&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/ijms18020422}, abstractNote={Overconsumption of energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyle are considered as major causes of obesity-associated insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism. Results from both cohort studies and randomized trials suggested that anthocyanins from berries may lower metabolic risks, however these reports are equivocal. The present study was designed to examine effects of six berries with structurally diverse anthocyanin profiles (normalized to 400 µg/g total anthocyanin content) on development of metabolic risk factors in the C57BL/6 mouse model of polygenic obesity. Diets supplemented with blackberry (mono-glycosylated cyanidins), black raspberry (acylated mono-glycosylated cyanidins), blackcurrant (mono- and di-glycosylated cyanidins and delphinidins), maqui berry (di-glycosylated delphinidins), Concord grape (acylated mono-glycosylated delphinidins and petunidins), and blueberry (mono-glycosylated delphinidins, malvidins, and petunidins) showed a prominent discrepancy between biological activities of delphinidin/malvidin-versus cyanidin-type anthocyanins that could be explained by differences in their structure and metabolism in the gut. Consumption of berries also resulted in a strong shift in the gastrointestinal bacterial communities towards obligate anaerobes that correlated with decrease in the gastrointestinal luminal oxygen and oxidative stress. Further work is needed to understand mechanisms that lead to nearly anoxic conditions in the gut lumens, including the relative contributions of host, diet and/or microbial oxidative activity, and their implication to human health.}, number={2}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES}, author={Overall, John and Bonney, Sierra A. and Wilson, Mickey and Beermann, Arnold and Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Lila, Mary Ann and Komarnytsky, Slavko}, year={2017}, month={Feb} }
 @article{grace_qiang_sang_lila_2017, title={One-step isolation of carnosic acid and carnosol from rosemary by centrifugal partition chromatography}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1615-9314"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85010931875&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/jssc.201601063}, abstractNote={Carnosic acid and carnosol are the main bioactive components responsible for the significant antioxidant activity of Rosmarinus officinalis. Nevertheless, they are known for their instability in solutions. Separation of both compounds from crude rosemary extract was successfully achieved by one-step centrifugal partition chromatography without any degradation. A two-phase solvent system, hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (3:2:3:2 v/v) was run on a preparative scale applying the elution-extrusion technique in descending mode. A 900 mg quantity of the crude extract containing 39.7% carnosic acid and 12.3% carnosol was loaded onto a 500 mL column, rotating at 1800 rpm. Carnosic acid and carnosol were obtained at purities of 96.1 ± 1% and 94.4 ± 0.9%, with recoveries of 94.3 ± 4.4% and 94.8 ± 2.3%, respectively. The compounds were identified by mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and comparison with authentic standards.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Qiang, Yin and Sang, Shengmin and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={1057–1062} }
 @article{lila_schneider_devlin_plundrich_laster_foegeding_2017, title={Polyphenol-enriched berry extracts naturally modulate reactive proteins in model foods}, volume={8}, ISSN={2042-6496 2042-650X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C7FO00883J}, DOI={10.1039/C7FO00883J}, abstractNote={Healthy foods like polyphenol-rich berries and high quality edible proteins are in demand in today's functional food marketplace, but it can be difficult to formulate convenient food products with physiologically-relevant amounts of these ingredients and still maintain product quality.}, number={12}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Lila, Mary Ann and Schneider, Maggie and Devlin, Amy and Plundrich, Nathalie and Laster, Scott and Foegeding, E. Allen}, year={2017}, pages={4760–4767} }
 @article{xiong_grace_esposito_komarnytsky_wang_lila_2017, title={Polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark with anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities}, volume={15}, ISSN={1875-5364}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30015-3}, DOI={10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30015-3}, abstractNote={The present study was designed to characterize the polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark crude extract (B) and fractions (B1-B7) obtained by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) inhibitory activities. Fractions B4, B5, B6, B7 (total phenolics 850.3, 983.0, 843.9, and 572.5 mg·g−1, respectively; proanthocyanidins 75.7, 90.5, 95.0, and 44.8 mg·g−1, respectively) showed significant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, and expression of pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the extracts suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, two primary enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion. A. mearnsii bark samples possessed significantly stronger inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50 of 0.4−1.4 μg·mL−1) than the pharmaceutical acarbose (IC50 141.8 μg·mL−1). B6 and B7 (IC50 17.6 and 11.7 μg·mL−1, respectively) exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity as efficacious as acarbose (IC50 15.4 μg·mL−1). Moreover, B extract, at 25 µg·mL−1, significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst that is often associated with inflammatory response in human monocytic macrophages.}, number={11}, journal={Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xiong, Jia and Grace, Mary H and Esposito, Debora and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Wang, Fei and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={816–824} }
 @article{plundrich_bansode_foegeding_williams_lila_2017, title={Protein-bound Vaccinium fruit polyphenols decrease IgE binding to peanut allergens and RBL-2H3 mast cell degranulation in vitro}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2042-650X"]}, DOI={10.1039/c7fo00249a}, abstractNote={Peanut allergy is a worldwide health concern.}, number={4}, journal={FOOD & FUNCTION}, author={Plundrich, Nathalie J. and Bansode, Rishipal R. and Foegeding, E. Allen and Williams, Leonard L. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={1611–1621} }
 @article{plundrich_lila_foegeding_laster_2017, title={Protein-bound polyphenols create “ghost” band artifacts during chemiluminescence-based antigen detection}, volume={6}, url={https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10622.2}, DOI={10.12688/f1000research.10622.2}, abstractNote={Antigen detection during Western blotting commonly utilizes a horseradish peroxidase-coupled secondary antibody and enhanced chemiluminescent substrate. We utilized this technique to examine the impact of green tea-derived polyphenols on the binding of egg white protein-specific IgE antibodies from allergic human plasma to their cognate antigens. Our experiments unexpectedly showed that green tea-derived polyphenols, when stably complexed with egg white proteins, caused “ghost” band formation in the presence of horseradish peroxide. This study suggests that caution should be taken when evaluating polyphenol-bound proteins by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting using horseradish peroxidase and demonstrates that protein-bound polyphenols can be a source of “ghost” band artifacts on Western blots.}, journal={F1000Research}, publisher={F1000 ( Faculty of 1000 Ltd)}, author={Plundrich, Nathalie and Lila, Mary Ann and Foegeding, Edward and Laster, Scott}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={254} }
 @article{plundrich_lila_foegeding_laster_2017, title={Protein-bound polyphenols create “ghost” band artifacts during chemiluminescence-based antigen detection [version 1; referees: awaiting peer review]}, volume={6}, url={https://f1000research.com/articles/6-254/v1}, DOI={10.12688/f1000research.10622.1}, abstractNote={Antigen detection during Western blotting commonly utilizes a horseradish peroxidase-coupled secondary antibody and enhanced chemiluminescent substrate. We utilized this technique to examine the impact of green tea-derived polyphenols on the binding of egg white protein-specific IgE antibodies from allergic human plasma to their cognate antigens. Our experiments unexpectedly showed that green tea-derived polyphenols, when stably complexed with egg white proteins, caused hyperactivation of horseradish peroxidase resulting in the appearance of white “ghost” bands. This study suggests that caution should be taken when evaluating polyphenol-bound proteins by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting using horseradish peroxidase and demonstrates that protein-bound polyphenols can be a source of “ghost” band artifacts on Western blots.}, number={254}, journal={F1000Research}, publisher={F1000 ( Faculty of 1000 Ltd)}, author={Plundrich, Nathalie and Lila, Mary Ann and Foegeding, Edward and Laster, Scott}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={254} }
 @article{foegeding_plundrich_schneider_campbell_lila_2017, title={Protein-polyphenol particles for delivering structural and health functionality}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1873-7137"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.024}, abstractNote={Dietary proteins and polyphenols contribute both nutritive and extra-nutritional (disease-preventing and metabolism-enhancing) benefits, and can participate in food structure formation and stabilization. There is a desire to increase consumption of proteins and polyphenols based on health considerations, and one approach is to form protein-polyphenol particles that combine both health and structural functionality in food products. The roles of proteins and polyphenols individually, or when bound together, are discussed in terms of health benefits (nutrition, disease prevention, satiety, allergy alleviation) and impact on food structure. The overall goal should be a rational design of protein-polyphenol particles to ensure a positive contribution to food quality, protein nutrition, and delivery of a health-relevant dose of polyphenols to the gastrointestinal tract.}, journal={FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS}, author={Foegeding, E. Allen and Plundrich, Nathalie and Schneider, Margaret and Campbell, Caroline and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={163–173} }
 @article{correia_grace_esposito_lila_2017, title={Wild blueberry polyphenol-protein food ingredients produced by three drying methods: Comparative physico-chemical properties, phytochemical content, and stability during storage}, volume={235}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.042}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.042}, abstractNote={Particulate colloidal aggregate food ingredients were prepared by complexing wheat flour, chickpea flour, coconut flour and soy protein isolate with aqueous wild blueberry pomace extracts, then spray drying, freeze drying, or vacuum oven drying to prepare dry, flour-like matrices. Physico-chemical attributes, phytochemical content and stability during storage were compared. Eighteen anthocyanins peaks were identified for samples. Spray dried matrices produced with soy protein isolate had the highest concentration of polyphenols (156.2 mg GAE/g) and anthocyanins (13.4 mg/g) and the most potent DPPH scavenging activity (714.1 μmoles TE/g). Spray dried blueberry polyphenols complexed with protein were protected from degradation during 16 weeks at 4 °C and 20 °C. Soy protein isolate more efficiently captured and stabilized wild blueberry pomace phytochemicals than other protein sources. Overall, spray drying the blueberry extracts complexed with protein proved to be an environment-friendly strategy to produce stable functional ingredients with multiple applications for the food industry.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Correia, Roberta and Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={76–85} }
 @article{jiang_xiong_wang_grace_lila_xu_2017, title={alpha-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus grandis x E-urophylla Bark}, journal={Journal of Chemistry}, author={Jiang, P. and Xiong, J. and Wang, F. and Grace, M. H. and Lila, M. A. and Xu, R.}, year={2017} }
 @article{jiang_xiong_wang_grace_lila_xu_2017, title={α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Phenolic Extracts from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla Bark}, volume={2017}, ISSN={2090-9063 2090-9071}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8516964}, DOI={10.1155/2017/8516964}, abstractNote={This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of different extracts and fractions from Eucalyptus. grandis × urophylla bark (EB) against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme activities. The ethyl acetate extract (EB-E) showed the highest activity among others. Seven fractions were derived from EB-E; among them EB-E-7 showed the highest significant inhibition of both enzymes, with IC50 of 1.40±0.18 and 1.72±0.12 μg/mL, respectively. EB-E and its active fraction EB-E-7 showed highest contents of total phenolics: 178.79±4.68 and 920.4±5.46 mg GAEag−1, respectively. HPLC-MS analysis of EB-E-7 revealed the presence of ellagic acid, quercetin-glucuronide, quercetin-3-α-rhamnopyranoside, and ellagic acid rhamnoside as major compounds, together with smaller concentrations of myricetin-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-hexoside, myricetin-3-α-arabinofuranoside, and isorhamnetin. Therefore, the phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus grandis × E. urograndis bark potently inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, having potential in prevention of hyperglycemia.}, journal={Journal of Chemistry}, publisher={Hindawi Limited}, author={Jiang, Ping and Xiong, Jia and Wang, Fei and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann and Xu, Rui}, year={2017}, pages={1–7} }
 @article{collins_hoffman_martinez_grace_lila_cockrell_nadimpalli_chang_chuang_zhong_et al._2016, title={A polyphenol-rich fraction obtained from table grapes decreases adiposity, insulin resistance and markers of inflammation and impacts gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice}, volume={31}, ISSN={0955-2863}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2015.12.021}, DOI={10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2015.12.021}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to determine if consuming an extractable or nonextractable fraction of table grapes reduced the metabolic consequences of consuming a high-fat, American-type diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat (LF) diet, a high fat (HF) diet, or an HF diet containing whole table grape powder (5% w/w), an extractable, polyphenol-rich (HF-EP) fraction, a nonextractable, polyphenol-poor (HF-NEP) fraction or equal combinations of both fractions (HF-EP+NEP) from grape powder for 16weeks. Mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets had lower percentages of body fat and amounts of white adipose tissue (WAT) and improved glucose tolerance compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diet had lower liver weights and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diets had higher hepatic mRNA levels of hormone sensitive lipase and adipose TG lipase, and decreased expression of c-reactive protein compared to the HF-fed controls. In epididymal (visceral) WAT, the expression levels of several inflammatory genes were lower in mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF diets had increased myeloperoxidase activity and impaired localization of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in ileal mucosa compared to the HF-EP and HF-NEP diets. Several of these treatment effects were associated with alterations in gut bacterial community structure. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the polyphenol-rich, EP fraction from table grapes attenuated many of the adverse health consequences associated with consuming an HF diet.}, journal={The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Collins, Brian and Hoffman, Jessie and Martinez, Kristina and Grace, Mary and Lila, Mary Ann and Cockrell, Chase and Nadimpalli, Anuradha and Chang, Eugene and Chuang, Chia-Chi and Zhong, Wei and et al.}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={150–165} }
 @article{grace_esposito_timmers_xiong_yousef_komarnytsky_lila_2016, title={Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pistachio hull extracts}, volume={210}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.088}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.088}, abstractNote={Phytochemical and bioactivity analyses of pistachio hulls revealed the presence of anacardic acids (3198 mg/100 g), fatty acids (1500 mg/100 g), and phytosterols (192 mg/100 g) as major components. Carotenoids (4.93 mg/100 g), chlorophylls (10.27 mg/100 g), tocopherols (8.83 mg/100 g), and three triterpene acids (mangiferolic, isomangiferolic and mangiferonic acids) were characterized. A polar (P) extract contained quercetin-3-O-glucoside (6.27 mg/g), together with smaller concentrations of quercetin, myricetin and luteolin flavonoids, accounting for 5.53 mg/g. Gallotannins and other phenolic compounds esterified with a gallic acid moiety characterized the P extract. P extract potently inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The mRNA expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine COX-2 were significantly inhibited by fractions P2-P5, while IL-6 was only inhibited by fraction P3. Moreover, the P extract significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst associated with inflammatory response in macrophages.}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Timmers, Michael A. and Xiong, Jia and Yousef, Gad and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={85–95} }
 @article{schneider_esposito_lila_foegeding_2016, title={Formation of whey protein–polyphenol meso-structures as a natural means of creating functional particles}, volume={7}, ISSN={2042-6496 2042-650X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5FO01499A}, DOI={10.1039/C5FO01499A}, abstractNote={Whey proteins provide structure and nutritional properties in food, while berry juices are thought to have biological activity that can impart anti-inflammatory health effects.}, number={3}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Schneider, Margaret and Esposito, Debora and Lila, Mary Ann and Foegeding, E. Allen}, year={2016}, pages={1306–1318} }
 @article{blumberg_basu_krueger_lila_neto_novotny_reed_rodriguez-mateos_toner_2016, title={Impact of Cranberries on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health: Proceedings of the Cranberry Health Research Conference 2015}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2156-5376"]}, DOI={10.3945/an.116.012583}, abstractNote={Recent advances in cranberry research have expanded the evidence for the role of this Vaccinium berry fruit in modulating gut microbiota function and cardiometabolic risk factors. The A-type structure of cranberry proanthocyanidins seems to be responsible for much of this fruit’s efficacy as a natural antimicrobial. Cranberry proanthocyanidins interfere with colonization of the gut by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro and attenuate gut barrier dysfunction caused by dietary insults in vivo. Furthermore, new studies indicate synergy between these proanthocyanidins, other cranberry components such as isoprenoids and xyloglucans, and gut microbiota. Together, cranberry constituents and their bioactive catabolites have been found to contribute to mechanisms affecting bacterial adhesion, coaggregation, and biofilm formation that may underlie potential clinical benefits on gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as on systemic anti-inflammatory actions mediated via the gut microbiome. A limited but growing body of evidence from randomized clinical trials reveals favorable effects of cranberry consumption on measures of cardiometabolic health, including serum lipid profiles, blood pressure, endothelial function, glucoregulation, and a variety of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. These results warrant further research, particularly studies dedicated to the elucidation of dose-response relations, pharmacokinetic/metabolomics profiles, and relevant biomarkers of action with the use of fully characterized cranberry products. Freeze-dried whole cranberry powder and a matched placebo were recently made available to investigators to facilitate such work, including interlaboratory comparability.}, number={4}, journal={ADVANCES IN NUTRITION}, author={Blumberg, Jeffrey B. and Basu, Arpita and Krueger, Christian G. and Lila, Mary Ann and Neto, Catherine C. and Novotny, Janet A. and Reed, Jess D. and Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana and Toner, Cheryl D.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={759S–770S} }
 @article{velde_grace_elida pirovani_lila_2016, title={Impact of a new postharvest disinfection method based on peracetic acid fogging on the phenolic profile of strawberries}, volume={117}, ISSN={["1873-2356"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84960479103&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.03.005}, abstractNote={The retentions of fresh strawberry individual phenolic compounds after fogging using an environmentally friendly sanitizer based on peracetic acid (PAA) (mixture of 5% peracetic acid and 20% hydrogen peroxide) were studied and modeled as a function of the concentration (3.4, 20.0, 60.0, 100.0 and 116.6 μL PAA L−1 air chamber) and the treatment time (5.7, 15.0, 37.5, 60.0 and 69.3 min), using Response Surface Methodology. Information obtained from high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection in combination with mass spectrometry was used for analyzing and quantifying the phenolics that naturally occur in strawberries (variety 'Camarosa') and to study the effects of PAA on them. Results showed that PAA fogging at certain concentrations and times caused degradation in the phenolic profile of strawberries. Anthocyanins were the most affected of the phenolic compounds, followed by proanthocyanidins with a low degree of polymerization, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and the ellagitannin Sanguiin H-6. In general, pelargonidin-based anthocyanins were more susceptible to oxidation than cyanidin-based anthocyanin under the same PAA fogging conditions. In summary, the stability of strawberry individual phenolic compounds after fogging treatments was dependent on the concentration and the exposure time of PAA treatments as well as the chemical nature of them. The models developed herein allow to predict retentions of individual phenolic compounds at different fogging PAA conditions.}, journal={POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Velde, Franco and Grace, Mary H. and Elida Pirovani, Maria and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={197–205} }
 @article{grace_esposito_timmers_xiong_yousef_komarnytsky_lila_2016, title={In vitro lipolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of roasted pistachio kernel and skin constituents}, volume={7}, ISSN={2042-6496 2042-650X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00867d}, DOI={10.1039/c6fo00867d}, abstractNote={A comprehensive phytochemical analysis was conducted on pistachios to identify the differential contributions of skin and kernel phytochemicals toin vitrobioactivity.}, number={10}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Timmers, Michael A. and Xiong, Jia and Yousef, Gad and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2016}, pages={4285–4298} }
 @article{xiong_grace_esposito_wang_lila_2016, title={Phytochemical characterization and anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia mearnsii leaves}, volume={11}, number={5}, journal={Natural Product Communications}, author={Xiong, J. and Grace, M. H. and Esposito, D. and Wang, F. and Lila, M. A.}, year={2016}, pages={649–653} }
 @article{velde_grace_esposito_elida pirovani_lila_2016, title={Quantitative comparison of phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blackberry fruits adapted to Argentina}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1096-0481"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84956598220&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jfca.2016.01.008}, abstractNote={The phytochemical profile by HPLC-TOF-MS of three blackberry cultivars (‘Jumbo’, ‘Black Satin’ and ‘Dirksen’), adapted to the central-east of Argentina, was determined. The antioxidant capacity by DPPH and FRAP assays, and the effect of the blackberry extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and biomarkers of inflammation were also evaluated. ‘Dirksen’ fruits exhibited the highest vitamin C content (24 and 14% higher than values found in ‘Black Satin’ and ‘Jumbo’, respectively). However, ‘Jumbo’ and ‘Black Satin’ fruits presented higher total phenolic contents (more than 15%) than ‘Dirksen’. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the main polyphenolic compound quantified in all samples. ‘Jumbo’ and ‘Black Satin’ cultivars exhibited higher antioxidant capacity, and significantly reduced the release of ROS. The mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were reduced consistently (more than 30%) by extracts of both cultivars, and showed slight suppressions on NO production. However, effective inhibition in the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was not observed by any extract. These results suggest the potential of blackberries cultivars ‘Black Satin’ and ‘Jumbo’ to contribute to a healthy diet, based on their higher polyphenol content, providing higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS}, author={Velde, Franco and Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Elida Pirovani, Maria and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={82–91} }
 @misc{lila_burton-freeman_grace_kalt_2016, title={Unraveling anthocyanin bioavailability for human health}, volume={7}, journal={Annual review of food science and technology, vol 7}, author={Lila, M. A. and Burton-Freeman, B. and Grace, M. and Kalt, W.}, year={2016}, pages={375–393} }
 @article{kellogg_esposito_grace_komarnytsky_lila_2015, title={Alaskan seaweeds lower inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and decrease lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes}, volume={15}, ISSN={["2214-9414"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84929231499&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.049}, abstractNote={Chronic inflammation is characterized by macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue, which subsequently up-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes the dysregulation of lipid metabolism, ultimately leading to insulin resistance. This study was designed to examine the effects of coastal Alaskan seaweeds on the macrophage inflammatory response and lipid metabolism of adipocytes. Two bioactive subfractions from the brown alga Fucus distichus, a monoglycosyldiacylglycerol subfraction and a phlorotannin subfraction, decreased mRNA expression of acute and chronic inflammatory biomarkers. Expression of Toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR9 were also reduced, suggesting a potential mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity via TLR attenuation. F. distichus fractions decreased lipid accumulation up to 55% and increased free glycerol concentrations by 28–45%. This result was supported by increases in adiponectin and UCP-1 and decreases in leptin mRNA expression. Overall, the Alaskan seaweed F. distichus inhibited proinflammatory responses and improved lipid metabolism, suggesting the potential for seaweed phytochemicals to attenuate inflammatory diseases.}, journal={JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Kellogg, Joshua and Esposito, Debora and Grace, Mary H. and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2015}, month={May}, pages={396–407} }
 @article{esposito_damsud_wilson_grace_strauch_li_lila_komarnytsky_2015, title={Black Currant Anthocyanins Attenuate Weight Gain and Improve Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice with Intact, but Not Disrupted, Gut Microbiome}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84937064835&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00963}, abstractNote={Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a rich source of anthocyanins; however, the relationship between their apparently limited bioavailability and significant protection against metabolic pathologies is poorly understood. This study examined the gastrointestinal distribution of black currant anthocyanins and their phenolic acid metabolites in lean and diet-induced obese mice with healthy and antibiotic-disrupted microbiomes. Daily consumption of low- or high-fat diet supplemented with 1% black currant powdered extract (32% anthocyanins) for 8 weeks reduced body weight gain and improved glucose metabolism only in mice with the intact gut microbiome. Administration of antibiotic cocktail resulted in a 16-25-fold increase (P < 0.001) in anthocyanin content of feces, and cyanidin-based anthocyanins showed the largest increase in fecal content upon disruption of gut microbiome (92.3 ± 16.3 vs 4719 ± 158 μg/g feces), indicating their high susceptibility to microbial degradation in the gut. A 3-fold enrichment (P < 0.05) in gallic over protocatechuic acid was observed in the jejunum of both intact and antibiotic-treated animals, suggesting that this effect was likely independent of their gut microbiome status. Taken together, the data clearly demonstrate that gut microbiome and the type of the anthocyanin aglycone moiety can alter the protective effect of anthocyanins against obesity and associated insulin resistance.}, number={27}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Esposito, Debora and Damsud, Thanakorn and Wilson, Mickey and Grace, Mary H. and Strauch, Renee and Li, Xu and Lila, Mary Ann and Komarnytsky, Slavko}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={6172–6180} }
 @article{timmers_guerrero-medina_esposito_grace_paredes-lopez_garcia-saucedo_ann lila_2015, title={Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities from Mamuyo (Styrax ramirezii Greenm.) Fruit}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84949504941&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04781}, abstractNote={Extracts of Styrax ramirezii Greenm., a fruit traditionally valued for health and wellness in Mexico, were analyzed phytochemically and evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Six norneolignans were identified by HPLC-TOF-MS, and the two major compounds were isolated for further evaluation. The effects of the isolated norneolignans, egonol and homoegonol, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and biomarkers of inflammation were evaluated. Of the tested compounds, egonol potently inhibited the production of NO and also significantly reduced the release of ROS. Consistent with these observations, the mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (0.668 ± 0.108), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (0.553 ± 0.007), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (0.093 ± 0.005), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (0.298 ± 0.076) were reduced by egonol. The activity for both egonol and homoegonol increased in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest the potential of S. ramirezii Greenm. fruit to contribute to a healthy diet, rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds.}, number={48}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Timmers, Michael A. and Guerrero-Medina, Jorge L. and Esposito, Debora and Grace, Mary H. and Paredes-Lopez, Octavio and Garcia-Saucedo, Pedro A. and Ann Lila, Mary}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={10459–10465} }
 @article{mcoliver_camper_doyle_eggers_ford_lila_berner_campbell_donatuto_2015, title={Community-Based Research as a Mechanism to Reduce Environmental Health Disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities}, volume={12}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120404076}, DOI={10.3390/ijerph120404076}, abstractNote={Racial and ethnic minority communities, including American Indian and Alaska Natives, have been disproportionately impacted by environmental pollution and contamination. This includes siting and location of point sources of pollution, legacies of contamination of drinking and recreational water, and mining, military and agricultural impacts. As a result, both quantity and quality of culturally important subsistence resources are diminished, contributing to poor nutrition and obesity, and overall reductions in quality of life and life expectancy. Climate change is adding to these impacts on Native American communities, variably causing drought, increased flooding and forced relocation affecting tribal water resources, traditional foods, forests and forest resources, and tribal health. This article will highlight several extramural research projects supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) tribal environmental research grants as a mechanism to address the environmental health inequities and disparities faced by tribal communities. The tribal research portfolio has focused on addressing tribal environmental health risks through community based participatory research. Specifically, the STAR research program was developed under the premise that tribal populations may be at an increased risk for environmentally-induced diseases as a result of unique subsistence and traditional practices of the tribes and Alaska Native villages, community activities, occupations and customs, and/or environmental releases that significantly and disproportionately impact tribal lands. Through a series of case studies, this article will demonstrate how grantees-tribal community leaders and members and academic collaborators-have been addressing these complex environmental concerns by developing capacity, expertise and tools through community-engaged research.}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, author={McOliver, Cynthia and Camper, Anne and Doyle, John and Eggers, Margaret and Ford, Tim and Lila, Mary and Berner, James and Campbell, Larry and Donatuto, Jamie}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={4076–4100} }
 @article{graf_cheng_esposito_shertel_poulev_plundrich_itenberg_dayan_lila_raskin_2015, title={Compounds leached from quinoa seeds inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1468-2494"]}, DOI={10.1111/ics.12185}, abstractNote={Synopsis}, number={2}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE}, author={Graf, B. L. and Cheng, D. M. and Esposito, D. and Shertel, T. and Poulev, A. and Plundrich, N. and Itenberg, D. and Dayan, N. and Lila, M. A. and Raskin, I.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={212–221} }
 @article{graf_poulev_kuhn_esposito_lila_raskin_2015, title={Method to harness bioactive secondary metabolites from intact Quinoa seeds with implications for chronic disease prevention}, volume={81}, ISSN={0032-0943 1439-0221}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/S-0035-1556449}, DOI={10.1055/S-0035-1556449}, abstractNote={Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an Andean seed crop rich in bioactive phytochemicals, including phytoecdysteroids (PE) and flavonoid glycosides (FG). Innovations designed to harness the pharmacological value of quinoa through simple, food-grade technologies may facilitate the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals to combat global human health challenges. We optimized a method to leach and concentrate quinoa bioactives from intact (un-macerated) quinoa seeds into aqueous ethanol, yielding a complex phytochemical mixture termed quinoa leachate (QL). QL, comprised of 1.0% PE and 2.6% FG, contained essentially all PE and FG available in the initial seeds compared with traditional extraction of macerated seed powder (567.6 µg PE and 540.9 µg FG/g seed). QL significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic C57Bl/6J mice and significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human dermal fibroblasts. Quinoa seed leaching provides an efficient means to produce a food-grade mixture that may be applicable for the treatment and prevention of chronic, complex diseases, while rendering intact post-leached seeds available for additional uses in food.}, number={11}, journal={Planta Medica}, publisher={Georg Thieme Verlag KG}, author={Graf, BL and Poulev, A and Kuhn, P and Esposito, D and Lila, MA and Raskin, I}, year={2015}, month={Jun} }
 @article{turmagambetova_sokolova_bogoyavlenskiy_berezin_lila_cheng_dushenkov_2015, title={New functionally-enhanced soy proteins as food ingredients with anti-viral activity}, volume={26}, ISSN={2347-3584 2347-3517}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S13337-015-0268-6}, DOI={10.1007/S13337-015-0268-6}, abstractNote={Respiratory viruses are a major public health problem because of their prevalence and high morbidity rate leading to considerable social and economic implications. Cranberry has therapeutic potential attributed to a comprehensive list of phytochemicals including anthocyanins, flavonols, and unique A-type proanthocyanidins. Soy flavonoids, including isoflavones, have demonstrated anti-viral effects in vitro and in vivo. Recently, it was demonstrated that edible proteins can efficiently sorb and concentrate cranberry polyphenols, including anthocyanins and proanthocyanins, providing greatly stabilized matrices suitable for food products. The combination of cranberry and soy phytoactives may be an effective dietary anti-viral resource. Anti-viral properties of both cranberry juice-enriched and cranberry pomace polyphenol-enriched soy protein isolate (CB-SPI and CBP-SPI) were tested against influenza viruses (H7N1, H5N3, H3N2), Newcastle disease virus and Sendai virus in vitro and in ovo. In our experiments, preincubation with CB-SPI or CBP-SPI resulted in inhibition of virus adsorption to chicken red blood cells and reduction in virus nucleic acid content up to 16-fold, however, CB-SPI and CBP-SPI did not affect hemagglutination. Additionally, CB-SPI and CBP-SPI inhibited viral replication and infectivity more effectively than the commercially available anti-viral drug Amizon. Results suggest CB-SPI and CBP-SPI may have preventative and therapeutic potential against viral infections that cause diseases of the respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract.}, number={3}, journal={VirusDisease}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Turmagambetova, Aizhan Sabirzhanovna and Sokolova, Nadezhda Sergeevna and Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey Pavlinovich and Berezin, Vladimir Eleazarovich and Lila, Mary Ann and Cheng, Diana M. and Dushenkov, Vyacheslav}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={123–132} }
 @article{guzman_grace_yousef_raskin_lila_2015, title={Novel strategies for capturing health-protective mango phytochemicals in shelf stable food matrices}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1465-3478"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84925011269&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3109/09637486.2014.979315}, abstractNote={Abstract Cost-effective methods for concentration and stabilization of otherwise perishable mango fruit phytoactives into shelf stable high protein ingredients were developed to combat stunting (malnutrition) in rural Africa. Mango juices complexed with sunflower oil and protein-rich legume flours yielded carotenoid-enriched oils and pelleted polyphenol-enriched flour matrices. Carotenoids from juices were concentrated 9–10 times in the fortified sunflower oil. Protein-rich soy and peanut flours captured 2.2–3.2 mg/g polyphenols from the juices. Alternatively, mango juice was sorbed and co-dried with flours, which stably bound the polyphenols, carotenoids, and natural sugars in soy or peanut protein-rich matrices. The concentration of provitamin A carotenoids was almost doubled and total polyphenols were enriched 4–5 times higher in the matrices compared to fresh pureed juice. Both strategies require minimal instrumentation, are compatible with rural village dietary practices; and capture the benefits of otherwise perishable seasonal resources by complexing healthful proteins together with phytoactive compounds.}, number={2}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION}, author={Guzman, Ivette and Grace, Mary H. and Yousef, Gad G. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={175–185} }
 @article{grace_truong_truong_raskin_lila_2015, title={Novel value-added uses for sweet potato juice and flour in polyphenol- and protein-enriched functional food ingredients}, volume={3}, ISSN={["2048-7177"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85010310678&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/fsn3.234}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={5}, journal={FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Truong, An N. and Truong, Van-Den and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={415–424} }
 @article{gupta_estrada_blakley_reid_patel_meyer_andersen_brown_lila_loraine_2015, title={RNA-Seq analysis and annotation of a draft blueberry genome assembly identifies candidate genes involved in fruit ripening, biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, and stage-specific alternative splicing}, volume={4}, journal={Gigascience}, author={Gupta, V. and Estrada, A. D. and Blakley, I. and Reid, R. and Patel, K. and Meyer, M. D. and Andersen, S. U. and Brown, A. F. and Lila, M. A. and Loraine, A. E.}, year={2015} }
 @article{plundrich_white_dean_davis_foegeding_lila_2015, title={Stability and immunogenicity of hypoallergenic peanut protein-polyphenol complexes during in vitro pepsin digestion}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2042-650X"]}, DOI={10.1039/c5fo00162e}, abstractNote={Allergenic peanut proteins are relatively resistant to digestion, and if digested, metabolized peptides tend to remain large and immunoreactive, triggering allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.}, number={7}, journal={FOOD & FUNCTION}, author={Plundrich, Nathalie J. and White, Brittany L. and Dean, Lisa L. and Davis, Jack P. and Foegeding, E. Allen and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2015}, pages={2145–2154} }
 @article{reid_brouwer_jackson_lila_2014, title={A need for a transdisciplinary environment: the Plant Pathways Elucidation Project}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1360-1385"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tplants.2014.06.010}, abstractNote={•Bioactive plant products and their interaction with human health remain largely unknown. •Elucidating plant-pathway products requires large multicollaborative efforts. •Education in this field requires contact with cutting-edge research. The Plant Pathways Elucidation Project (P2EP) is a multi-institutional project that utilizes cutting-edge genomics research and related disciplines to provide greater understanding of the relation between plant-pathway products and human health. P2EP includes an educational focus to expose student scholars to the rigors of research, while harnessing open collaborations between academia and industry. The Plant Pathways Elucidation Project (P2EP) is a multi-institutional project that utilizes cutting-edge genomics research and related disciplines to provide greater understanding of the relation between plant-pathway products and human health. P2EP includes an educational focus to expose student scholars to the rigors of research, while harnessing open collaborations between academia and industry.}, number={8}, journal={TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE}, author={Reid, Robert W. and Brouwer, Cory R. and Jackson, Eric W. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={485–487} }
 @article{arthur_zwetsloot_lawrence_nieman_lila_grace_howden_cooley_tkach_keith_et al._2014, title={Ajuga turkestanica increases Notch and Wnt signaling in aged skeletal muscle}, volume={18}, number={17}, journal={European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences}, author={Arthur, S. T. and Zwetsloot, K. A. and Lawrence, M. M. and Nieman, D. C. and Lila, M. A. and Grace, M. H. and Howden, R. and Cooley, I. D. and Tkach, J. F. and Keith, M. D. and et al.}, year={2014}, pages={2584–2592} }
 @article{fredes_yousef_robert_grace_lila_gomez_gebauer_montenegro_2014, title={Anthocyanin profiling of wild maqui berries (Aristotelia chilensis [Mol.] Stuntz) from different geographical regions in Chile}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1097-0010"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84906943703&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/jsfa.6602}, abstractNote={BACKGROUND
Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) is a Chilean species which produces small berries that are collected from the wild. Anthocyanins, because of their health benefits, are the major focus of interest in maqui fruit. For this study, we examined anthocyanin and phenolic content of maqui fruits from individuals that belonged to four geographical areas in Chile, and used DNA marker analysis to examine the genetic variability of maqui populations that had distinctly different fruit anthocyanin content.


RESULTS
Twelve primers generated a total of 145 polymorphic inter simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) bands. ISSR-PCR showed different banding patterns for the individuals evaluated, confirming that maqui populations belonged to different genotypes. Maqui fruit from four different geographical regions during two consecutive growing seasons showed high total anthocyanin (6.6-15.0 g cy-3-glu kg⁻¹ fresh weight (FW)) and phenolic (10.7-20.5 g GAE kg⁻¹ FW) contents and different anthocyanin profiles.


CONCLUSION
Three maqui genotypes exhibited significantly higher anthocyanin content than the others, as measured by pH differential method and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significant genetic diversity was noted within each ecological population. ISSR-PCR analysis provided a fingerprinting approach applicable for differentiation of maqui genotypes.}, number={13}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE}, author={Fredes, Carolina and Yousef, Gad G. and Robert, Paz and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann and Gomez, Miguel and Gebauer, Marlene and Montenegro, Gloria}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={2639–2648} }
 @article{grace_yousef_esposito_raskin_lila_2014, title={Bioactive Capacity, Sensory Properties, and Nutritional Analysis of a Shelf Stable Protein-rich Functional Ingredient with Concentrated Fruit and Vegetable Phytoactives}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1573-9104"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84916603152&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11130-014-0444-7}, abstractNote={Well-known health-protective phytochemicals from muscadine grape and kale were stably complexed with food grade protein (soy or hemp protein isolates) to create biofortified food ingredients for use in a variety of convenient, portable food formulations. The bioactive (anti-inflammatory) potential, sensory attributes and proximates of the prepared formulations were evaluated in this study. Anti-inflammatory properties of the protein-phytoactive ingredient particles were contributed by the polyphenolic content (muscadine-protein) or the combination of polyphenol, carotenoid, and glucosinolate content (kale-protein aggregates). Phytoactive compounds from the fortified matrices suppressed at least two biomarkers of inflammation; most notable with the expression of chronic pro-inflammatory genes IL-6 and Mcp1. Sensory analysis suggested both sweet and savory functional food applications for the biofortified ingredients. Proximate analyses determined that fortification of the soy protein isolate (SPI) with muscadine or kale bioactives resulted in elevated dietary fibers, total carbohydrates, and free sugars, but did not increase calories/100 g dry matrix compared to unfortified SPI. Overall protein content in the aggregate matrices was about 37% less (muscadine-SPI, kale-SPI and kale- HP50) or 17.6% less (muscadine-HP50) on a weight basis, likely due to solubility of some proteins during preparation and partial displacement of some protein mass by the fruit and vegetable phytoactive constituents.}, number={4}, journal={PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Yousef, Gad G. and Esposito, Debora and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={372–378} }
 @inproceedings{lila_2014, title={Capitalizing on the health benefits of berryfruit: Science versus the marketplace}, volume={1048}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2014.1048.14}, booktitle={Ii international symposium on biotechnology of fruit species}, author={Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, pages={123–128} }
 @article{grace_esposito_dunlap_lila_2014, title={Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Content and Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Anti-inflammatory Bioactivity in Wild Alaskan and Commercial Vaccinium Berries}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84900331828&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/jf403810y}, abstractNote={Wild Alaskan Vaccinium berries, V. vitis-idaea (lowbush cranberry) and V. uliginosum (bog blueberry), were investigated in parallel with their commercial berry counterparts, V. macrocarpon (cranberry) and V. angustifolium (lowbush blueberry). Lowbush cranberry accumulated about twice the total phenolics (624.4 mg/100 g FW) and proanthocyanidins (278.8 mg/100 g) content as commercial cranberries, but A-type proanthocyanidins were more prevalent in the latter. Bog blueberry anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of 220 and 504.5 mg/100 g, respectively, significantly exceeded those of the lowbush blueberry. Chlorogenic acid, however, was quite high in lowbush blueberry (83.1 mg/100 g), but undetected in bog blueberry, and the proanthocyanidins of lowbush blueberry had significantly higher levels of polymerization. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH, APTS, and FRAP) correlated with phenolic content for each berry. A polyphenol-rich fraction from lowbush cranberry exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-elicited induction of IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells, indicative of strong anti-inflammatory activity. These results corroborate the historic use of wild Alaskan berries as medicinally important foods in Alaska Native communities.}, number={18}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Esposito, Debora and Dunlap, Kriya L. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={May}, pages={4007–4017} }
 @article{yousef_grace_medina_neff_guzman_brown_raskin_lila_2014, title={Concentrating Immunoprotective Phytoactive Compounds from Fruits and Vegetables into Shelf-stable Protein-rich Ingredients}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1573-9104"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84916882325&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11130-014-0445-6}, abstractNote={Co-delivery of edible proteins with health-protective fruit (muscadine grape) and vegetable (kale) phytoactive compounds was accomplished in a biofortified ingredient for use in convenient, portable food formulations. Polyphenolics were concentrated (10-42 mg/g range) in dry muscadine-protein matrices. Kale-fortified protein matrices also captured polyphenolics (8 mg/g), carotenoids (69 μg/g) and glucosinolates (7 μmol/g). Neither total phenolics nor glucosinolates were significantly diminished even after long term (6 months) storage at 4, 20, or 37 °C, whereas carotenoids degraded over time, particularly at higher temperatures. Dry biofortified phytoactive-protein ingredients allowed delivery of immunoprotective compounds from fruits and vegetables in a stable, lightweight matrix.}, number={4}, journal={PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION}, author={Yousef, Gad G. and Grace, Mary H. and Medina, Jorge L. Guerrero and Neff, Scott and Guzman, Ivette and Brown, Allan F. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={317–324} }
 @article{le_esposito_grace_ha_pham_bortolazzo_bevens_kim_okuda_komarnytsky_et al._2014, title={Cytotoxic Effects of Ellagitannins Isolated from Walnuts in Human Cancer Cells}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1532-7914"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84911418409&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1080/01635581.2014.956246}, abstractNote={Walnuts contain many bioactive components that may slow cancer growth. A previous report showed that a diet supplemented with walnuts decreased the tumor size formed by MDA-MB-231 human cancer cells injected into nude mice. However, the mechanism of action was never determined. We characterized the effects of a methanol extract prepared from walnuts on human MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and HeLa cells. The extract was cytotoxic to all cancer cells. We identified compounds from the methanol extract that induced this cytotoxicity. The predominant compounds were Tellimagrandin I and Tellimagrandin II, members of the ellagitannin family. We also show a walnut extract decreases the intracellular pH, depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane with release of cytochrome c and phosphatidylserine flipping. The antimitogenic effects of walnut extract were associated with a twofold reduction of mitochondria respiration. These results suggest impairment of mitochondrial function and apoptosis as relevant mechanism of anticancer effects of the walnut extract.}, number={8}, journal={NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Le, Vy and Esposito, Debora and Grace, Mary H. and Ha, Danny and Pham, Anh and Bortolazzo, Anthony and Bevens, Zackery and Kim, John and Okuda, Roy and Komarnytsky, Slavko and et al.}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={1304–1314} }
 @article{ribnicky_roopchand_oren_grace_poulev_lila_havenaar_raskin_2014, title={Effects of a high fat meal matrix and protein complexation on the bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins using the TNO gastrointestinal model (TIM-1)}, volume={142}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84881166722&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.073}, abstractNote={The TNO intestinal model (TIM-1) of the human upper gastrointestinal tract was used to compare intestinal absorption/bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins under different digestive conditions. Blueberry polyphenol-rich extract was delivered to TIM-1 in the absence or presence of a high-fat meal. HPLC analysis of seventeen anthocyanins showed that delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-arabinoside and petunidin-3-arabinoside were twice as bioaccessible in fed state, whilst delphinidin-3-(6″-acetoyl)-glucoside and malvidin-3-arabinoside were twice as bioaccessible under fasted conditions, suggesting lipid-rich matrices selectively effect anthocyanin bioaccessibility. TIM-1 was fed blueberry juice (BBJ) or blueberry polyphenol-enriched defatted soybean flour (BB-DSF) containing equivalent amounts of free or DSF-sorbed anthocyanins, respectively. Anthocyanin bioaccessibility from BB-DSF (36.0±10.4) was numerically, but not significantly, greater than that from BBJ (26.3±10.3). Ileal efflux samples collected after digestion of BB-DSF contained 2.8-fold more anthocyanins than same from BBJ, suggesting that protein-rich DSF protects anthocyanins during transit through upper digestive tract for subsequent colonic delivery/metabolism.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Ribnicky, David M. and Roopchand, Diana E. and Oren, Andrew and Grace, Mary and Poulev, Alexander and Lila, Mary Ann and Havenaar, Robert and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={349–357} }
 @article{grace_warlick_neff_lila_2014, title={Efficient preparative isolation and identification of walnut bioactive components using high-speed counter-current chromatography and LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS}, volume={158}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84896514682&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.117}, abstractNote={Preparative isolation of complex mixtures of compounds from walnut polar extracts was established by a combination of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-TOF-MS). Compounds were isolated after a solvent optimisation selection based on solute distribution in a biphasic solvent system. Isolation was achieved through one or two successive HSCCC runs, and final purification on Sephadex LH-20. Isolated compounds included ellagitannins (1–11), gallic acid (12), dicarboxylic acid glucosides (13–15), hydrojuglone glucoside (16), catechin (17), procyanidin B2 (18), and megasterone glucosides (19–20). Praecoxin D (4) was isolated for the first time from walnut, while praecoxin A methyl ester (5) and glansreginin A n-butyl ester (14) are newly identified compounds. The purity and identity of isolated compounds were confirmed by NMR and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. These results provided a foundation for in depth characterisation of walnut compounds and offered an efficient strategy for isolation of potentially health-relevant phytochemicals from walnuts.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Warlick, Charles W. and Neff, Scott A. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={229–238} }
 @article{esposito_chen_grace_komarnytsky_lila_2014, title={Inhibitory Effects of Wild Blueberry Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids on Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Vitro}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905574450&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/jf4051599}, abstractNote={Wild lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait) are a rich source of anthocyanins and other flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activities; however, their individual effects on cellular signaling remain to be elucidated. This study determined the capacity of blueberry bioactives to protect murine RAW 264.7 macrophages from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Fractionation of the crude extract (CE) into polyphenol-rich (PPR), anthocyanin-rich (ANC), and proanthocyanidin-rich (PAC) fractions and an ethyl acetate fraction (EA) revealed that PPR, ANC, and PAC components most effectively suppressed mRNA biomarkers of acute inflammation (Cox-2, iNOS, and IL-1β). Among major polyphenols found in the wild blueberries, malvidin-3-glucoside was significantly more effective than epicatechin or chlorogenic acid in reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in vitro.}, number={29}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Esposito, Debora and Chen, Amelia and Grace, Mary H. and Komarnytsky, Slavko and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={7022–7028} }
 @article{rojas-silva_graziose_vesely_poulev_mbeunkui_grace_kyle_lila_raskin_2014, title={Leishmanicidal activity of a daucane sesquiterpene isolated from Eryngium foetidum}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1744-5116"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84893248952&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3109/13880209.2013.837077}, abstractNote={Abstract Context: Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae) is a traditional herb that has been used for numerous medicinal applications, including as a treatment for parasitic infections, especially in the Neotropics from where it originates. Objective: This study evaluates the in vitro leishmanicidal and cytotoxicity activities of isolated compounds based on a bioassay-guided fractionation approach. Materials and methods: Defatted aerial parts of E. foetidum were subjected to extraction with methanol followed by partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 50% methanol. Then, the first two fractions were subsequently fractionated by column chromatography and HPLC. Compound identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Leishmania tarentolae (promastigotes) and L. donovani (amastigotes) were used as testing parasites. L6 rat myoblasts were used for cytotoxicity. All extracts and fractions were tested at 20 μg/mL. Results: The initial methanol extract showed 20% growth inhibition of L. tarentolae. Then, the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were also active showing approximately 40% growth inhibition. From these two fractions, the following compounds were isolated: lasidiol p-methoxybenzoate (1), a daucane sesquiterpene; and 4-hydroxy-1,1,5-trimethyl-2-formyl-cyclohexadien-(2,5)-[α-acetoxymethyl-cis-crotonate] (2), a terpene aldehyde ester derivative. Compound 1 inhibited the growth of both L. tarentolae and L. donovani with IC50 values of 14.33 and 7.84 μM, respectively; and showed no cytotoxicity (IC50 > 50 μM). Compound 2 was inactive in the L. tarentolae assay (IC50 > 50 μM). Discussion and conclusion: This study presented the bioassay-guided fractionation with the leishmanicidal and cytotoxicity activities of two compounds isolated for the first time from an Eryngium species.}, number={3}, journal={PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY}, author={Rojas-Silva, Patricio and Graziose, Rocky and Vesely, Brian and Poulev, Alexander and Mbeunkui, Flaubert and Grace, Mary H. and Kyle, Dennis E. and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={398–401} }
 @article{strathearn_yousef_grace_roy_tambe_ferruzzi_wu_simon_lila_rochet_et al._2014, title={Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich extracts in cellular models of Parkinson׳s disease}, volume={1555}, ISSN={0006-8993}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.BRAINRES.2014.01.047}, DOI={10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.047}, abstractNote={Neuropathological evidence indicates that dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson׳s disease (PD) involves impairment of mitochondrial complex I, oxidative stress, microglial activation, and the formation of Lewy bodies. Epidemiological findings suggest that the consumption of berries rich in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins may reduce PD risk. In this study, we investigated whether extracts rich in anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, or other polyphenols suppress the neurotoxic effects of rotenone in a primary cell culture model of PD. Dopaminergic cell death elicited by rotenone was suppressed by extracts prepared from blueberries, grape seed, hibiscus, blackcurrant, and Chinese mulberry. Extracts rich in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins exhibited greater neuroprotective activity than extracts rich in other polyphenols, and a number of individual anthocyanins interfered with rotenone neurotoxicity. The blueberry and grape seed extracts rescued rotenone-induced defects in mitochondrial respiration in a dopaminergic cell line, and a purple basal extract attenuated nitrite release from microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. These findings suggest that anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich botanical extracts may alleviate neurodegeneration in PD via enhancement of mitochondrial function.}, journal={Brain Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Strathearn, K.E. and Yousef, G.G. and Grace, M.H. and Roy, S.L. and Tambe, M.A. and Ferruzzi, M.G. and Wu, Q.-L. and Simon, J.E. and Lila, M.A. and Rochet, J.-C. and et al.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={60–77} }
 @article{plundrich_kulis_white_grace_guo_burks_davis_lila_2014, title={Novel Strategy To Create Hypoallergenic Peanut Protein-Polyphenol Edible Matrices for Oral Immunotherapy}, volume={62}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84905588654&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/jf405773b}, abstractNote={Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. Upon peanut consumption by an allergic individual, epitopes on peanut proteins bind and cross-link peanut-specific IgE on mast cell and basophil surfaces triggering the cells to release inflammatory mediators responsible for allergic reactions. Polyphenolic phytochemicals have high affinity to bind proteins and form soluble and insoluble complexes with unique functionality. This study investigated the allergenicity of polyphenol-fortified peanut matrices prepared by complexing various polyphenol-rich plant juices and extracts with peanut flour. Polyphenol-fortified peanut matrices reduced IgE binding to one or more peanut allergens (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) suggested changes in secondary protein structure. Peanut protein-cranberry polyphenol fortified matrices triggered significantly less basophil degranulation than unmodified flour in an ex vivo assay using human blood and less mast cell degranulation when used to orally challenge peanut-allergic mice. Polyphenol fortification of peanut flour resulted in a hypoallergenic matrix with reduced IgE binding and degranulation capacity, likely due to changes in protein secondary structure or masking of epitopes, suggesting potential applications for oral immunotherapy.}, number={29}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Plundrich, Nathalie J. and Kulis, Mike and White, Brittany L. and Grace, Mary H. and Guo, Rishu and Burks, A. Wesley and Davis, Jack P. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={7010–7021} }
 @article{kellogg_grace_lila_2014, title={Phlorotannins from Alaskan Seaweed Inhibit Carbolytic Enzyme Activity}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1660-3397"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908191293&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3390/md12105277}, abstractNote={Global incidence of type 2 diabetes has escalated over the past few decades, necessitating a continued search for natural sources of enzyme inhibitors to offset postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate coastal Alaskan seaweed inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two carbolytic enzymes involved in serum glucose regulation. Of the six species initially screened, the brown seaweeds Fucus distichus and Alaria marginata possessed the strongest inhibitory effects. F. distichus fractions were potent mixed-mode inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values of 0.89 and 13.9 μg/mL, respectively; significantly more efficacious than the pharmaceutical acarbose (IC50 of 112.0 and 137.8 μg/mL, respectively). The activity of F. distichus fractions was associated with phlorotannin oligomers. Normal-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (NPLC-MS) was employed to characterize individual oligomers. Accurate masses and fragmentation patterns confirmed the presence of fucophloroethol structures with degrees of polymerization from 3 to 18 monomer units. These findings suggest that coastal Alaskan seaweeds are sources of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory phlorotannins, and thus have potential to limit the release of sugar from carbohydrates and thus alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia.}, number={10}, journal={MARINE DRUGS}, author={Kellogg, Joshua and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Oct}, pages={5277–5294} }
 @article{grace_yousef_gustafson_truong_yencho_lila_2014, title={Phytochemical changes in phenolics, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids associated with sweetpotato storage and impacts on bioactive properties}, volume={145}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84884340315&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.107}, abstractNote={Sweetpotato phytochemical content was evaluated in four genotypes (NCPUR06-020, Covington, Yellow Covington, and NC07-847) at harvest and after curing/storage for 4 or 8 months. Curing and storage for up to 8 months did not significantly affect total phenolic content in Covington, Yellow Covington, and NC07-847, however for NCPUR06-020, a purple-fleshed selection, total phenolic content declined mainly due to anthocyanin degradation during storage. Covington had the highest carotenoid content at harvest time (281.9 μg/g DM), followed by NC07-847 (26.2 μg/g DM), and after 8 months, total carotenoids had increased by 25% and 50%, respectively. Antioxidant activity gradually declined during storage, and freshly harvested sweetpotatoes also demonstrated higher anti-inflammatory capacity as gauged by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells. Gradual changes in sweetpotato phytochemical content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity were noted during normal long-term storage, but the specific effects were genotype-dependent.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Yousef, Gad G. and Gustafson, Sally J. and Truong, Van-Den and Yencho, G. Craig and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={717–724} }
 @article{graf_poulev_kuhn_grace_lila_raskin_2014, title={Quinoa seeds leach phytoecdysteroids and other compounds with anti-diabetic properties}, volume={163}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84901298282&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.088}, abstractNote={Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) contains high levels of biologically active phytoecdysteroids, which have been implicated in plant defense from insects, and have shown a range of beneficial pharmacological effects in mammals. We demonstrated that the most prevalent phytoecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE), was secreted (leached) from intact quinoa seeds into water during the initial stages of seed germination. Leaching efficiency was optimized by ethanol concentration (70% ethanol), temperature (80°C), time (4h), and solvent ratio (5 ml/g seed). When compared to extraction of macerated seeds, the leaching procedure released essentially all the 20HE available in the seeds (491 μg/g seed). The optimized quinoa leachate (QL), containing 0.86% 20HE, 1.00% total phytoecdysteroids, 2.59% flavonoid glycosides, 11.9% oil, and 20.4% protein, significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic mice. Leaching effectively releases and concentrates bioactive phytochemicals from quinoa seeds, providing an efficient means to produce a food-grade mixture that may be useful for anti-diabetic applications.}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Graf, Brittany L. and Poulev, Alexander and Kuhn, Peter and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2014}, month={Nov}, pages={178–185} }
 @article{waterman_cheng_rojas-silva_poulev_dreifus_lila_raskin_2014, title={Stable, water extractable isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera leaves attenuate inflammation in vitro}, volume={103}, ISSN={["0031-9422"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.028}, abstractNote={Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is an edible plant used as both a food and medicine throughout the tropics. A moringa concentrate (MC), made by extracting fresh leaves with water, utilized naturally occurring myrosinase to convert four moringa glucosinolates into moringa isothiocyanates. Optimum conditions maximizing MC yield, 4-[(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate, and 4-[(4′-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate content were established (1:5 fresh leaf weight to water ratio at room temperature). The optimized MC contained 1.66% isothiocyanates and 3.82% total polyphenols. 4-[(4′-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl]isothiocyanate exhibited 80% stability at 37 °C for 30 days. MC, and both of the isothiocyanates described above significantly decreased gene expression and production of inflammatory markers in RAW macrophages. Specifically, both attenuated expression of iNOS and IL-1β and production of nitric oxide and TNFα at 1 and 5 μM. These results suggest a potential for stable and concentrated moringa isothiocyanates, delivered in MC as a food-grade product, to alleviate low-grade inflammation associated with chronic diseases.}, journal={PHYTOCHEMISTRY}, author={Waterman, Carrie and Cheng, Diana M. and Rojas-Silva, Patricio and Poulev, Alexander and Dreifus, Julia and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={114–122} }
 @article{lila_kellogg_grace_yousef_kraft_rogers_2014, title={Stressed for Success: How the Berry's Wild Origins Result in Multifaceted Health Protections}, volume={1017}, ISSN={["2406-6168"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2014.1017.1}, abstractNote={In the harsh, unprotected wilds, environmental or climatic stressors (elicitors) provoke the deposition of health-protective secondary phytochemicals in plants that will help them adapt and thrive. For berries endemic to the wind-battered open plains of the Dakotas, the arctic tundra of Alaska, exposed elevations in the Andean Mountains or the nutrient-starved lava flows of Pacific Islands, certain stresses can be taken to extreme limits, triggering deposition of potent phytochemical mixtures within berry fruits. The unique and sometimes dramatic phytochemical melange not only protects the host plant from insult, but also offers broad-spectrum health benefits to the animals (including humans) that consume these berries. Traditional diets in many native cultures have featured wild game, seafood, and a plethora of these wild berry species including salmonberries, mossberries, maquiberry, buffaloberry, blue huckleberries and bog blueberries. In recent years, just as native communities have shifted towards more Western diets and away from traditions, the incidence of diabetes and obesity has risen. In partnership with local Native American and Alaska Native communities, our teams have investigated the health protective (and in particular, anti-diabetic and obesity-inhibiting) properties of indigenous berries as conditioned by environmental and climatic stress in the wild growing sites. Various wild berries were examined in field bioassays, then in lab analyses, and proved capable of dose-dependent inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines associated with metabolic syndrome, and inhibition of aldose reductase, an enzyme associated with diabetic retinopathy. The complexity of the phytochemical profiles of the wild berries and potentiating interactions between anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoid phytochemicals contributed to the modulation of specific cellular targets related to metabolic syndrome and obesity. comparing the empirical values to the predicted values: additive (empirical=predicted), more than additive (empirical>predicted), interference (empirical<predicted). Data represents mean ± standard error of n ≥ 5. The effect of interactions between berry fractions of P. virginiana on the inhibition of LPS (10 ng/ml) induced production of inflammatory markers in murine BV-2 cells. interaction type determined by comparing the empirical values to the predicted additive (empirical=predicted), additive (empirical>predicted), needed to inhibit aldose reductase by 50% (IC 50 by Toyopearl fractions of Aristotelia virginiana calculated testing at least 6 concentrations duplicate or greater and using a nonlinear least squares equation of best fit. confidence interval shows significance.}, journal={X INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM AND OTHER SUPERFRUITS}, author={Lila, M. A. and Kellogg, J. and Grace, M. H. and Yousef, G. G. and Kraft, T. B. and Rogers, R. B.}, year={2014}, pages={23–43} }
 @article{ahmed_henson_sanderson_nieman_gillitt_lila_2014, title={The Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Enriched Protein Powder on Exercise-Induced Susceptibility to Virus Infection}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1099-1573"]}, DOI={10.1002/ptr.5208}, abstractNote={Prolonged and intensive exercise induces transient immunosuppression and is associated with an increased risk and severity of infections. The goal of this study was to characterize the antiviral and antibacterial properties of the bioactive metabolites of a blueberry–green tea‐polyphenol soy protein complex (PSPC) in the serum of supplemented subjects during a 3‐day intensified training period. Long‐distance runners, randomly divided into two groups, ingested 40 g/day PSPC or placebo (soy protein and colorings) for 17 days, with a 3‐day running period inserted at day 14. Blood serum samples were collected pre‐14 days and post‐14 days supplementation, and immediately and 14 h after the third day of running. The post‐exercise serum from both groups significantly promoted the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in culture by 20–70%, but returned to normal levels following recovery. Furthermore, the serum from subjects ingesting PSPC did not display antibacterial properties at any time point. In contrast, there was a significant difference in the ability of serum from PSPC‐supplemented versus placebo‐supplemented athletes to protect cells in culture from killing by vesicular stomatitis virus following strenuous exercise. In addition, the serum of subjects who ingested PSPC significantly delayed an exercise‐induced increase in virus replication. These results indicate that polyphenol complexes containing blueberry and green tea have the potential to protect athletes from virus infections following rigorous exercise. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={12}, journal={PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH}, author={Ahmed, Maryam and Henson, Dru A. and Sanderson, Matthew C. and Nieman, David C. and Gillitt, Nicholas D. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={1829–1836} }
 @article{johnson_mejia_fan_lila_yousef_2013, title={Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins from blueberry-blackberry fermented beverages inhibit markers of inflammation in macrophages and carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes in vitro}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1613-4133"]}, DOI={10.1002/mnfr.201200678}, abstractNote={ScopeBerries are an excellent source of dietary flavonoids which have several health benefits.}, number={7}, journal={MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH}, author={Johnson, Michelle H. and Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez and Fan, Junfeng and Lila, Mary Ann and Yousef, Gad G.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={1182–1197} }
 @article{graziose_grace_rathinasabapathy_rojas-silva_dekock_poulev_lila_smith_raskin_2013, title={Antiplasmodial activity of cucurbitacin glycosides from Datisca glomerata (C. Presl) Baill}, volume={87}, ISSN={["0031-9422"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84872776315&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.11.025}, abstractNote={The traditionally used antimalarial plant, Datisca glomerata (C. Presl) Baill, was subjected to antiplasmodial assay guided fractionation. This led to the isolation of seven cucurbitacin glycosides, datiscosides I-O, along with two known compounds, datiscoside and datiscoside B, from the aerial parts of D. glomerata. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were determined on the basis of mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Antiplasmodial IC(50) values were determined for all isolated compounds against a chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum (D10), which were also evaluated in vitro for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tarentolae. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against rat skeletal muscle cells (L6) and Chinese ovarian hamster cells (CHO). The antiplasmodial activity of the compounds was moderate and ranged from 7.7 to 33.3 μM. None of the compounds showed appreciable antileishmanial activity. The compounds displayed cytotoxicity against L6 but not CHO mammalian cells.}, journal={PHYTOCHEMISTRY}, author={Graziose, Rocky and Grace, Mary H. and Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan and Rojas-Silva, Patricio and Dekock, Carmen and Poulev, Alexander and Lila, Mary Ann and Smith, Peter and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={78–85} }
 @article{fan_johnson_lila_yousef_mejia_2013, title={Berry and citrus phenolic compounds inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV: Implications in diabetes management}, journal={Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine}, author={Fan, J. F. and Johnson, M. H. and Lila, M. A. and Yousef, G. and Mejia, E. G.}, year={2013} }
 @article{plundrich_grace_raskin_lila_2013, title={Bioactive polyphenols from muscadine grape and blackcurrant stably concentrated onto protein-rich matrices for topical applications}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1468-2494"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84880133164&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/ics.12057}, abstractNote={Synopsis}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE}, author={Plundrich, N. and Grace, M. H. and Raskin, I. and Lila, M. Ann}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={394–401} }
 @article{moran_rogers_lu_conlon_lila_clinton_erdman_2013, title={Biosynthesis of highly enriched C-13-lycopene for human metabolic studies using repeated batch tomato cell culturing with C-13-glucose}, volume={139}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.016}, abstractNote={While putative disease-preventing lycopene metabolites are found in both tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) products and in their consumers, mammalian lycopene metabolism is poorly understood. Advances in tomato cell culturing techniques offer an economical tool for generation of highly-enriched (13)C-lycopene for human bioavailability and metabolism studies. To enhance the (13)C-enrichment and yields of labelled lycopene from the hp-1 tomato cell line, cultures were first grown in (13)C-glucose media for three serial batches and produced increasing proportions of uniformly labelled lycopene (14.3±1.2%, 39.6±0.5%, and 48.9±1.5%) with consistent yields (from 5.8 to 9 mg/L). An optimised 9-day-long (13)C-loading and 18-day-long labelling strategy developed based on glucose utilisation and lycopene yields, yielded (13)C-lycopene with 93% (13)C isotopic purity, and 55% of isotopomers were uniformly labelled. Furthermore, an optimised acetone and hexane extraction led to a fourfold increase in lycopene recovery from cultures compared to a standard extraction.}, number={1-4}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Moran, Nancy Engelmann and Rogers, Randy B. and Lu, Chi-Hua and Conlon, Lauren E. and Lila, Mary Ann and Clinton, Steven K. and Erdman, John W., Jr.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={631–639} }
 @article{roopchand_kuhn_rojo_lila_raskin_2013, title={Blueberry polyphenol-enriched soybean flour reduces hyperglycemia, body weight gain and serum cholesterol in mice}, volume={68}, ISSN={["1043-6618"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.008}, abstractNote={Defatted soybean flour (DSF) can sorb and concentrate blueberry anthocyanins and other polyphenols, but not sugars. In this study blueberry polyphenol-enriched DSF (BB-DSF) or DSF were incorporated into very high fat diet (VHFD) formulations and provided ad libitum to obese and hyperglycemic C57BL/6 mice for 13 weeks to investigate anti-diabetic effects. Compared to the VHFD containing DSF, the diet supplemented with BB-DSF reduced weight gain by 5.6%, improved glucose tolerance, and lowered fasting blood glucose levels in mice within 7 weeks of intervention. Serum cholesterol of mice consuming the BB-DSF-supplemented diet was 13.2% lower than mice on the diet containing DSF. Compounds were eluted from DSF and BB-DSF for in vitro assays of glucose production and uptake. Compared to untreated control, doses of BB-DSF eluate containing 0.05-10μg/μL of blueberry anthocyanins significantly reduced glucose production by 24-74% in H4IIE rat hepatocytes, but did not increase glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. The results indicate that delivery of blueberry polyphenols stabilized in a high-protein food matrix may be useful for the dietary management of pre-diabetes and/or diabetes.}, number={1}, journal={PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH}, author={Roopchand, Diana E. and Kuhn, Peter and Rojo, Leonel E. and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2013}, month={Feb}, pages={59–67} }
 @article{kellogg_lila_2013, title={Chemical and in Vitro Assessment of Alaskan Coastal Vegetation Antioxidant Capacity}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, DOI={10.1021/jf403697z}, abstractNote={Alaska Native (AN) communities have utilized tidal plants and marine seaweeds as food and medicine for generations, yet the bioactive potential of these resources has not been widely examined. This study screened six species of Alaskan seaweed ( Fucus distichus , Saccharina latissima , Saccharina groenlandica , Alaria marginata , Pyropia fallax , and Ulva lactuca ) and one tidal plant ( Plantago maritima ) for antioxidant activity. Total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined, and chemical antioxidant capacity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays. In vitro inhibition of radical oxygen species (ROS) generation and NO synthesis was evaluated in a RAW 264.7 macrophage culture. Greatest TPC (557.2 μg phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE)/mg extract) was discovered in the ethyl acetate fraction of F. distichus, and highest DDPH scavenging activity was exhibited by F. distichus and S. groenlandica fractions (IC50 = 4.29-5.12 μg/mL). These results support the potential of Alaskan coastal vegetation, especially the brown algae, as natural sources of antioxidants for preventing oxidative degeneration and maintaining human health.}, number={46}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Kellogg, Joshua and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={11025–11032} }
 @article{roopchand_kuhn_krueger_moskal_lila_raskin_2013, title={Concord Grape Pomace Polyphenols Cornplexed to Soy Protein Isolate Are Stable and Hypoglycemic in Diabetic Mice}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, DOI={10.1021/jf403238e}, abstractNote={Polyphenols extracted from Concord grape pomace were stabilized by complexation to soy protein isolate (SPI) to produce grape polyphenol-SPI complex (GP-SPI) containing 5% or 10% grape polyphenols. LC-MS and MALDI-TOF analysis showed that a broad range of phytochemicals were present in the grape pomace extract. Anthocyanins and total polyphenols in the GP-SPI complex were stable after a 16-week incubation at 37 °C but were reduced by up 60% in dried grape pomace extract. Compared to vehicle (236 ± 34 mg/dL), a single dose of 300 mg/kg GP-SPI (184 ± 32 mg/dL) or 500 mg/kg GP-SPI (177 ± 28 mg/dL) having 5% grape polyphenols significantly lowered blood glucose in obese and hyperglycemic C57BL/6 mice 6 h after administration. GP-SPI allows the capture of grape pomace polyphenols in a protein-rich food matrix and may be useful as a functional food ingredient for the management of blood glucose levels.}, number={47}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Roopchand, Diana E. and Kuhn, Peter and Krueger, Christian G. and Moskal, Kristin and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={11428–11433} }
 @article{yousef_brown_funakoshi_mbeunkui_grace_ballington_loraine_lila_2013, title={Efficient Quantification of the Health-Relevant Anthocyanin and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Commercial Cultivars and Breeding Selections of Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.)}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84878264623&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/jf400823s}, abstractNote={Anthocyanins and phenolic acids are major secondary metabolites in blueberry with important implications for human health maintenance. An improved protocol was developed for the accurate, efficient, and rapid comparative screening for large blueberry sample sets. Triplicates of six commercial cultivars and four breeding selections were analyzed using the new method. The compound recoveries ranged from 94.2 to 97.5 ± 5.3% when samples were spiked with commercial standards prior to extraction. Eighteen anthocyanins and 4 phenolic acids were quantified in frozen and freeze-dried fruits. Large variations for individual and total anthocyanins, ranging from 201.4 to 402.8 mg/100 g, were assayed in frozen fruits. The total phenolic acid content ranged from 23.6 to 61.7 mg/100 g in frozen fruits. Across all genotypes, freeze-drying resulted in minor reductions in anthocyanin concentration (3.9%) compared to anthocyanins in frozen fruits. However, phenolic acids increased by an average of 1.9-fold (±0.3) in the freeze-dried fruit. Different genotypes frequently had comparable overall levels of total anthocyanins and phenolic acids, but differed dramatically in individual profiles of compounds. Three of the genotypes contained markedly higher concentrations of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside, which have previously been implicated as bioactive principles in this fruit. The implications of these findings for human health benefits are discussed.}, number={20}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Yousef, Gad G. and Brown, Allan F. and Funakoshi, Yayoi and Mbeunkui, Flaubert and Grace, Mary H. and Ballington, James R. and Loraine, Ann and Lila, Mary A.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={4806–4815} }
 @article{roopchand_krueger_moskal_fridlender_lila_raskin_2013, title={Food-compatible method for the efficient extraction and stabilization of cranberry pomace polyphenols}, volume={141}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.050}, abstractNote={Cranberry pomace is a byproduct of cranberry processing and is comprised of seeds, skins and stems of the cranberry fruit. While cranberry pomace contains beneficial polyphenols, including proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, it is not a palatable source of these compounds and is typically discarded. In this study, we have developed and optimized a method to extract polyphenols from cranberry pomace using aqueous ethanol, a food grade solvent. Biochemical characterization of the pomace extract showed the presence of a broad range of polyphenols also present in cranberry juice concentrate. By co-drying cranberry pomace extract with a protein-rich food matrix, such as soy protein isolate (SPI), we have developed a method to produce a cranberry polyphenol–SPI complex (CBP-SPI) containing 10% cranberry polyphenols. Unlike dried cranberry pomace extract alone, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and total polyphenols were found to be highly stable at 37 °C in the CBP-SPI powder. The extraction and stabilization of cranberry pomace polyphenols using SPI provides an innovative approach for utilizing pomace in the development of novel food ingredients.}, number={4}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Roopchand, Diana E. and Krueger, Christian G. and Moskal, Kristin and Fridlender, Bertold and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={3664–3669} }
 @article{nieman_gillitt_knab_shanely_pappan_jin_lila_2013, title={Influence of a polyphenol-enriched protein powder on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in athletes: A randomized trial using a metabolomics approach}, volume={8}, number={8}, journal={PLoS One}, author={Nieman, D. C. and Gillitt, N. D. and Knab, A. M. and Shanely, R. A. and Pappan, K. L. and Jin, F. X. and Lila, M. A.}, year={2013} }
 @article{nieman_shanely_gillitt_pappan_lila_2013, title={Serum Metabolic Signatures Induced By a Three-Day Intensified Exercise Period Persist After 14 h of Recovery in Runners}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1535-3907"]}, DOI={10.1021/pr400717j}, abstractNote={This study investigated changes in the human serum metabolome elicited by a 3-day period of intensified training. Runners (N = 15, mean ± SD age, 35.2 ± 8.7 years) ran for 2.5 h/day on treadmills at ∼70% VO2max for 3 days in a row, with blood samples collected pre-exercise, and immediately and 14 h post-exercise. Samples were analyzed using gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS), with compounds identified based on comparison to more than 2800 purified standards. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify metabolites that differed significantly across time, with multiple testing corrected by the false discovery rate (FDR) (q-value). Immediately following the 3-day exercise period, significant 2-fold or higher increases in 75 metabolites were measured, with all but 22 of these metabolites related to lipid/carnitine metabolism, 13 to amino acid/peptide metabolism, 4 to hemoglobin/porphyrin metabolism, and 3 to Krebs cycle intermediates (q-values < 0.001). After a 14 h overnight recovery period, 50 of the 75 metabolites remained elevated, with 8 decreased (primarily amino acid-related metabolites) (q-values < 0.05). Among the top 20 metabolites, the mean fold changes were 12.4 ± 5.3 and 2.9 ± 1.3 immediately and 14-h post-exercise, respectively. Significant decreases (40-70%, q < 0.01) in 22 metabolites (primarily related to lysolipid and bile acid metabolism) were measured post-exercise, with all but 4 of these still decreased after 14 h rest recovery (q < 0.025). Runners experienced a profound systemic shift in blood metabolites related to energy production especially from the lipid super pathway following 3 days of heavy exertion that was not fully restored to pre-exercise levels after 14 h recovery.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH}, author={Nieman, David C. and Shanely, R. Andrew and Gillitt, Nicholas D. and Pappan, Kirk L. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={4577–4584} }
 @article{grace_guzman_roopchand_moskal_cheng_pogrebnyak_raskin_howell_lila_2013, title={Stable Binding of Alternative Protein-Enriched Food Matrices with Concentrated Cranberry Bioflavonoids for Functional Food Applications}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84880374592&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/jf401627m}, abstractNote={Defatted soy flour (DSF), soy protein isolate (SPI), hemp protein isolate (HPI), medium-roast peanut flour (MPF), and pea protein isolate (PPI) stably bind and concentrate cranberry (CB) polyphenols, creating protein/polyphenol-enriched matrices. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) in the enriched matrices ranged from 20.75 mg/g (CB-HPI) to 10.68 mg/g (CB-SPI). Anthocyanins (ANC) ranged from 3.19 mg/g (CB-DSF) to 1.68 mg/g (CB-SPI), whereas total phenolics (TP) ranged from 37.61 mg/g (CB-HPI) to 21.29 mg/g (CB-SPI). LC-MS indicated that the enriched matrices contained all identifiable ANC, PAC, and flavonols present in CB juice. Complexation with SPI stabilized and preserved the integrity of the CB polyphenolic components for at least 15 weeks at 37 °C. PAC isolated from enriched matrices demonstrated comparable antiadhesion bioactivity to PAC isolated directly from CB juice (MIC 0.4-0.16 mg/mL), indicating their potential utility for maintenance of urinary tract health. Approximately 1.0 g of polyphenol-enriched matrix delivered the same amount of PAC available in 1 cup (300 mL) of commercial CB juice cocktail, which has been shown clinically to be the prophylactic dose for reducing recurring urinary tract infections. CB-SPI inhibited Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial growth. Nutritional and sensory analyses indicated that the targeted CB-matrix combinations have high potential for incorporation in functional food formulations.}, number={28}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Guzman, Ivette and Roopchand, Diana E. and Moskal, Kristin and Cheng, Diana M. and Pogrebnyak, Natasha and Raskin, Ilya and Howell, Amy and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={6856–6864} }
 @article{graziose_rojas-silva_rathinasabapathy_dekock_grace_poulev_lila_smith_raskin_2012, title={Antiparasitic compounds from Cornus florida L. with activities against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania tarentolae}, volume={142}, ISSN={["1872-7573"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84862853930&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.017}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to identify the antiplasmodial constituents from the bark of Cornus florida L., a plant traditionally used in North America for the treatment of malaria.Dried and powdered bark was extracted with 95% ethanol. The resultant extract was subjected to in vitro antiplasmodial-guided fractionation against Plasmodium falciparum (D10 strain). Antiplasmodial IC(50) values were calculated for pure compounds. Compounds were also assayed against Leishmania tarentolae, and rat skeletal myoblast L6 cells to assess antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity, respectively.Antiplasmodial-guided fractionation afforded 8 compounds: betulinic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), β-sitosterol (3), ergosta-4,6,8,22-tetraene-3-one (4), 3β-O-acetyl betulinic acid (5), 3-epideoxyflindissol (6), 3β-O-cis-coumaroyl betulinic acid (7), 3β-O-trans-coumaroyl betulinic acid (8), of which, (6) is for the first time here isolated from a natural product and (4), (7) and (8) are reported for the first time from this genus. In vitro IC(50) values against P. falciparum for (4) (61.0 μM) (6) (128.0 μM), (7) (10.4 μM), (8) (15.3 μM) are reported for the first time. Antileishmanial IC(50) values are reported here for the first time for (4) (11.5 μM), (6) (1.8 μM), (7) (8.3 μM) and (8) (2.2 μM). Cytotoxicity against L6 cells is reported for all compounds.The compounds isolated in this study, while displaying moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity, do not fully support the historical importance of C. florida as an antimalarial remedy in North America. The traditional remedy may exert its well documented effects by mechanisms unrelated to direct antiplasmodial action. While not traditionally used to treat Leishmania, this work shows that several constituents of C. florida possess promising in vitro antileishmanial activity.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY}, author={Graziose, Rocky and Rojas-Silva, Patricio and Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan and Dekock, Carmen and Grace, Mary H. and Poulev, Alexander and Lila, Mary Ann and Smith, Peter and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={456–461} }
 @article{grace_lategan_graziose_smith_raskin_lila_2012, title={Antiplasmodial activity of the ethnobotanical plant Cassia fistula}, volume={7}, number={10}, journal={Natural Product Communications}, author={Grace, M. H. and Lategan, C. and Graziose, R. and Smith, P. J. and Raskin, I. and Lila, M. A.}, year={2012}, pages={1263–1266} }
 @article{roopchand_kuhn_poulev_oren_lila_fridlender_raskin_2012, title={Biochemical Analysis and in Vivo Hypoglycemic Activity of a Grape Polyphenol-Soybean Flour Complex}, volume={60}, ISSN={["0021-8561"]}, DOI={10.1021/jf300232h}, abstractNote={Defatted soybean flour (DSF) can efficiently sorb, concentrate, and stabilize polyphenols, but not sugars, from Concord grape juice, to yield grape polyphenol-enriched DSF. Sorption of grape polyphenols to DSF particles was dependent on the ratio of DSF and grape juice concentrate used, but not time of mixing or pH. Depending on ratios of starting materials, 1 g of grape polyphenol-enriched DSF contained 1.6-10.4 mg of anthocyanins, 7.5-93.1 mg of proanthocyanidins, and 20.5-144.5 mg of total polyphenols. LC-MS analysis of grape juice samples before and after addition and removal of DSF and eluate from grape polyphenol-enriched DSF confirmed that a broad range of grape compounds were sorbed to the DSF matrix. Finally, grape polyphenol-enriched DSF was able to significantly lower blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic C57BL/6J mice. The data indicate that grape polyphenol-enriched DSF can provide a high-protein, low-sugar ingredient for delivery of concentrated grape polyphenolics.}, number={36}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Roopchand, Diana E. and Kuhn, Peter and Poulev, Alexander and Oren, Andrew and Lila, Mary Ann and Fridlender, Bertold and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={8860–8865} }
 @article{grace_massey_mbeunkui_yousef_lila_2012, title={Comparison of Health-Relevant Flavonoids in Commonly Consumed Cranberry Products}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1750-3841"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84864624023&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02788.x}, abstractNote={Abstract:  The human health benefits from consumption of cranberry products have been associated with the fruits’ unique flavonoid composition, including a complex profile of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. However, when processed by techniques such as pressing, canning, concentrating, or drying, a number of these natural components may be compromised or inactivated due to physical separation, thermal degradation, or oxidation. Fresh cranberries were compared to freeze‐dried berries and individual fruit tissues (skin and peeled fruit). Products examined included cranberry juices (commercial and prepared from concentrate), cranberry sauces (commercial and homemade), and sweetened‐dried cranberries (commercial). Freeze‐drying resulted in no detectable losses of anthocyanins or proanthocyanidins from cranberry fruits. Anthocyanins were localized in the skin. Proanthocyanins were higher in the skin than in the flesh, with the exception of procyanidin A‐2 dimer which was concentrated in the flesh. Anthocyanins were significantly higher in not‐from‐concentrate juice than in reconstituted juice from concentrate (8.3 mg and 4.2 mg/100 mL, respectively). Similarly, proanthocyanidins were markedly higher in not‐from‐concentrate juice compared to juice from concentrate (23.0 mg and 8.9 mg/100 mL, respectively). Homemade sauce contained far higher anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (15.9 and 87.9 mg/100 g, respectively) than canned sauces processed with whole berries (9.6 and 54.4 mg/100 g, respectively) or jelled‐type (1.1 and 16 mg/100 g, respectively). Sweetened‐dried cranberries were quite low in anthocyanins (7.9 mg/100 g), but they still retained considerable proanthocyanidins (64.2 mg/100 g). Commercially processed products contained significantly lower levels of polyphenols as compared to fresh and home‐processed preparations. Anthocyanins were more sensitive to degradation than proanthocyanidins.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Massey, Aaron R. and Mbeunkui, Flaubert and Yousef, Gad G. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={H176–H183} }
 @article{lila_ribnicky_rojo_rojas-silva_oren_havenaar_janle_raskin_yousef_grace_et al._2012, title={Complementary Approaches To Gauge the Bioavailability and Distribution of Ingested Berry Polyphenolics}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84862158948&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1021/jf203526h}, abstractNote={Two different strategies for investigating the likely fate, after ingestion, of natural, bioactive berry constituents (anthocyanins and other non-nutritive flavonoids) are compared. A model of the human gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1) that mimicked the biological environment from the point of swallowing and ingestion through the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (but not the colon) was used to monitor the stability and bioaccessibility of anthocyanins from both maqui berry and wild blueberry. TIM-1 revealed that most anthocyanins were bioaccessible between the second and third hours after intake. Alternatively, biolabeled anthocyanins and other flavonoids generated in vitro from berry and grape cell cultures were administered to in vivo (rodent) models, allowing measurement and tracking of the absorption and transport of berry constituents and clearance through the urinary tract and colon. The advantages and limitations of the alternative strategies are considered.}, number={23}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Lila, M.A. and Ribnicky, D.M. and Rojo, L.E. and Rojas-Silva, P. and Oren, A. and Havenaar, R. and Janle, E.M. and Raskin, I. and Yousef, G.G. and Grace, M.H. and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Jun}, pages={5763–5771} }
 @article{cheng_kutzler_boler_drnevich_killefer_lila_2012, title={Continuous Infusion of 20-Hydroxyecdysone Increased Mass of Triceps Brachii in C57BL/6 Mice}, volume={27}, ISSN={0951-418X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4679}, DOI={10.1002/ptr.4679}, abstractNote={Phytoecdysteroids have been attributed with numerous pharmacological properties in animals, including increasing muscle mass, and 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) is one of the most abundant phytoecdysteroids produced by plants. In this study, the physiological and gene expression effects of 20E were analyzed in C57BL/6 mice given a continuous infusion of saline or 20E (5 mg/kg/day) for 5 or 15 days using subcutaneously implanted Alzet® osmotic pumps. The masses of the total body, muscle groups and organs were determined. There was a significant increase ( p = 0.01) in the mass of triceps brachii in mice treated with 20E for 5 days (115 ± 8 mg) compared with mice treated with saline for 5 days (88 ± 3 mg), however, there were no differences in the other measured parameters. To determine potential mechanisms of 20E in skeletal muscle, Illumina's Mouse Whole Genome‐6 v2.0 Expression BeadChips were used to evaluate changes in gene expression of the triceps brachii after 20E infusion. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to identify genes with the most evidence for differential expression, of which, 16 genes involved in the skeletal and muscular system were identified. Overall, the data suggest that 20E does not have potent anabolic properties, however, a muscle‐specific increase was observed and genes were identified to provide an explanation for the muscle accretion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={1}, journal={Phytotherapy Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Cheng, Diana M. and Kutzler, Louis W. and Boler, Dustin D. and Drnevich, Jenny and Killefer, John and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={107–111} }
 @article{graziose_grace_rathinasabapathy_rojas-silva_dekock_poulev_lila_smith_raskin_2012, title={Cucurbitacin glycosides from Datisca glomerata with antiplasmodial activity}, volume={78}, ISSN={0032-0943 1439-0221}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1321139}, DOI={10.1055/s-0032-1321139}, abstractNote={The traditionally used antimalarial plant, Datisca glomerata (C.Presl) Baill., was subjected to antiplasmodial assay guided fractionation. This led to the isolation of seven new cucurbitacin glycosides, datiscosides I-O, along with the two known compounds, datiscoside and datiscoside B, from the aerial parts of D. glomerata. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were determined on the basis of mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR. Antiplasmodial IC50 values were determined for all isolated compounds, which were also evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit Leishmania tarentoleae. The antiplasmodial activity of the compounds was moderate, and ranged from 33.3µM to 7.7µM. None of the compounds showed appreciable antileishmanial activity.}, number={11}, journal={Planta Medica}, publisher={Georg Thieme Verlag KG}, author={Graziose, R and Grace, MH and Rathinasabapathy, T and Rojas-Silva, P and Dekock, C and Poulev, A and Lila, MA and Smith, P and Raskin, I}, year={2012}, month={Jul} }
 @inproceedings{graziose_grace_rathinasabapathy_rojas-silva_dekock_poulev_lila_smith_raskin_2012, title={Cucurbitacin glycosides from Datisca glomerata with antiplasmodial activity}, volume={78}, number={11}, booktitle={Planta Medica}, author={Graziose, R. and Grace, M. H. and Rathinasabapathy, T. and Rojas-Silva, P. and Dekock, C. and Poulev, A. and Lila, M. A. and Smith, P. and Raskin, I.}, year={2012}, pages={1245–1245} }
 @article{roopchand_grace_kuhn_cheng_plundrich_poulev_howell_fridlender_lila_raskin_et al._2012, title={Efficient sorption of polyphenols to soybean flour enables natural fortification of foods}, volume={131}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81855221898&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.103}, abstractNote={The present study demonstrated that defatted soybean flour (DSF) can sorb polyphenols from blueberry and cranberry juices while separating them from sugars. Depending on DSF concentration and juice dilution, the concentration of blueberry anthocyanins and total polyphenols sorbed to DSF ranged from 2–22 mg/g and 10–95 mg/g, respectively while the concentration of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in cranberry polyphenol-enriched DSF ranged from 2.5–17 mg/g and 21–101 mg/g, respectively. Blueberry polyphenols present in one serving of fresh blueberries (73 g) were delivered in just 1.4 g of blueberry polyphenol-enriched DSF. Similarly, one gram of cranberry polyphenol-enriched DSF delivered the amount of proanthocyanidins available in three 240 ml servings of cranberry juice cocktail. The concentration of blueberry anthocyanins and total polyphenols eluted from DSF remained constant after 22 weeks of incubation at 37 °C, demonstrating the high stability of the polyphenol–DSF matrix. LC–MS analysis of eluates confirmed that DSF retained major cranberry and blueberry polyphenols intact. Blueberry polyphenol-enriched DSF exhibited significant hypoglycaemic activities in C57bl/6J mice, and cranberry polyphenol-enriched DSF showed antimicrobial and anti-UTI activities in vitro, confirming its efficacy. The described sorption process provides a means to create protein-rich food ingredients containing concentrated plant bioactives without excess sugars, fats and water that can be incorporated in a variety of scientifically validated functional foods and dietary supplements.}, number={4}, journal={Food Chemistry}, author={Roopchand, D.E. and Grace, M.H. and Kuhn, P. and Cheng, D.M. and Plundrich, N. and Poulev, A. and Howell, A. and Fridlender, B. and Lila, M.A. and Raskin, I. and et al.}, year={2012}, pages={1193–1200} }
 @article{rojo_ribnicky_logendra_poulev_rojas-silva_kuhn_dorn_grace_lila_raskin_et al._2012, title={In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic effects of anthocyanins from Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis)}, volume={131}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.066}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.066}, abstractNote={We used a murine model of type II diabetes, which reproduces the major features of the human disease, and a number of cellular models to study the antidiabetic effect of ANC, a standardised anthocyanin-rich formulation from Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis). We also isolated delphinidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucoside (D3S5G), a characteristic anthocyanin from Maqui Berry, and studied its antidiabetic properties. We observed that oral administration of ANC improved fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance in hyperglycaemic obese C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. In H4IIE rat liver cells, ANC decreased glucose production and enhanced the insulin-stimulated down regulation of the gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. In L6 myotubes ANC treatment increased both insulin and non-insulin mediated glucose uptake. As with the ACN, oral administration of pure D3S5G dose-dependently decreased fasting blood glucose levels in obese C57BL/6J mice, and decreased glucose production in rat liver cells. D3S5G also increased glucose uptake in L6 myotubes and is at least partially responsible for ANC’s anti-diabetic properties.}, number={2}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Rojo, L.E. and Ribnicky, D. and Logendra, S. and Poulev, A. and Rojas-Silva, P. and Kuhn, P. and Dorn, R. and Grace, M.H. and Lila, M.A. and Raskin, I. and et al.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={387–396} }
 @article{mbeunkui_grace_lategan_smith_raskin_lila_2012, title={In vitro antiplasmodial activity of indole alkaloids from the stem bark of Geissospermum vellosii}, volume={139}, ISSN={["0378-8741"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856012987&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.036}, abstractNote={The stem bark of Geissospermum vellosii has been traditionally used by the native population of northern South America to treat malaria. Indole alkaloids have been previously isolated from this plant, but the antiplasmodial constituents have not yet been described. As part of our ongoing investigations of new bioactive compounds with activity against malaria parasites, we tested the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of isolated fractions and purified alkaloids from Geissospermum vellosii.Indole alkaloids were isolated and identified from a methanolic crude extract of Geissospermum vellosii bark using a combination of high performance counter current chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance technologies. The methanolic extract, the crude alkaloid fractions and the purified compounds were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum (D10).An indole alkaloid (4) along with four known indole alkaloids, geissolosimine (1), geissospermine (2), geissoschizoline (3), and vellosiminol (5) were isolated and structure elucidated. The antiplasmodial activity (IC(50)) of the methanolic crude extract was 2.22 μg/mL, while for the isolated compounds it ranged from 0.96 μM to 13.96 μM except for (5) which showed a low activity (157 μM). Geissolosimine (1) showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (0.96 μM).This study provides evidence to support the use of Geissospermum vellosii as an antimalarial agent, as used by the native populations. Geissolosimine (1) is a lead molecular structure for possible antimalarial drug development.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY}, author={Mbeunkui, Flaubert and Grace, Mary H. and Lategan, Carmen and Smith, Peter J. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={471–477} }
 @article{cheng_kuhn_poulev_rojo_lila_raskin_2012, title={In vivo and in vitro antidiabetic effects of aqueous cinnamon extract and cinnamon polyphenol-enhanced food matrix}, volume={135}, ISSN={["1873-7072"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.117}, abstractNote={Cinnamon has a long history of medicinal use and continues to be valued for its therapeutic potential for improving metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. In this study, a phytochemically-enhanced functional food ingredient that captures water soluble polyphenols from aqueous cinnamon extract (CE) onto a protein rich matrix was developed. CE and cinnamon polyphenol-enriched defatted soy flour (CDSF) were effective in acutely lowering fasting blood glucose levels in diet induced obese hyperglycemic mice at 300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. To determine mechanisms of action, rat hepatoma cells were treated with CE and eluates of CDSF at a range of 1–25 μg/ml. CE and eluates of CDSF demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic glucose production with significant levels of inhibition at 25 μg/ml. Furthermore, CE decreased the gene expression of two major regulators of hepatic gluconeogenesis, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The hypoglycemic and insulin-like effects of CE and CDSF may help to ameliorate type 2 diabetes conditions.}, number={4}, journal={FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Cheng, Diana M. and Kuhn, Peter and Poulev, Alexander and Rojo, Leone E. and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={2994–3002} }
 @article{mbeunkui_grace_yousef_lila_2012, title={Isolation and characterization of flavonols from blackcurrant by high-performance counter-current chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1615-9314"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84863684478&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1002/jssc.201200198}, abstractNote={Blackcurrant is considered as a natural high‐value food raw material and possesses a variety of therapeutic properties. The health benefits of blackcurrant have generally been credited to its high anthocyanin content; however, the therapeutic properties of other minor flavonoids constituents have not yet been investigated due the difficulties related to their isolation. Multiple steps of high‐performance counter‐current chromatography in combination with ESI tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) were successfully used for the preparative isolation of flavonols from blackcurrant extract, to study their electrospray ionization mass spectrometry fragmentation behavior. Seven flavonols, namely myricetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (145.5 mg), myricetin‐3‐O‐hexoside (79.7 mg), myricetin‐3‐O‐(6″‐malonyl)‐glucoside (17.4 mg), kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside (20.5 mg), quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (55.1 mg), quercetin‐3‐O‐hexoside (25.8 mg), and myricetin (129.1 mg) have been successfully isolated and their multistage MSn data were used for detailed structure characterization. The results of these experiments demonstrated that high‐performance counter‐current chromatography along with ESI‐MSn is a sensitive, selective, and effective technology for isolation and characterization of minor constituents from a complex mixture.}, number={13}, journal={JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE}, author={Mbeunkui, Flaubert and Grace, Mary H. and Yousef, Gad G. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={1682–1689} }
 @article{mbeunkui_grace_lila_2012, title={Isolation and structural elucidation of indole alkaloids from Geissospermum vellosii by mass spectrometry}, volume={885-886}, ISSN={1570-0232}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.018}, DOI={10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.018}, abstractNote={Alkaloids from the stem bark of Geissospermum vellosii possess a variety of therapeutic properties including antimalarial activities, activity as a sexual stimulant and inhibition of the proliferation of HIV and herpes viruses. Methods currently used to isolate the active components from G. vellosii are time-consuming, labor intensive, and result in low recovery. In addition, there is a lack of sensitive and accurate analytical methods for the structural characterization and identification of alkaloid components in minor quantities. A combination of high performance counter-current chromatography and ESI tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) was established to isolate alkaloids from the stem bark of G. vellosii, and study their electrospray ionization mass spectrometry fragmentation behavior. Five indole alkaloids were successfully isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The multi-stage tandem mass spectrometric data were used to study their fragmentation pattern and set a model for detailed structure characterization of related indole alkaloids. The presence of the even mass fragment ion suggestive of an odd number of nitrogen at m/z 144 corresponding to C(10)H(9)N was characteristic to indole alkaloids. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the combination of high performance counter current chromatography and ESI-MS(n) is a sensitive, selective and effective approach for rapid isolation and characterization of alkaloids from G. vellosii.}, journal={Journal of Chromatography B}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mbeunkui, Flaubert and Grace, Mary H. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={83–89} }
 @article{rojas-silva_graziose_poulev_mbeunkui_grace_lila_raskin_2012, title={Seeking novel Leishmanicidal natural products from common medicinal plants, the example of Eryngium foetidum L}, volume={78}, ISSN={0032-0943 1439-0221}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1320634}, DOI={10.1055/s-0032-1320634}, abstractNote={Leishmaniasis is a human parasitic tropical disease that urgently requires new chemotherapeutic agents. Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae), known as “culantro”, is a popular culinary herb and a medicinal plant used in Latin America for its anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic properties. A defatted methanolic extract was partitioned with organic solvents and water. The n-hexane fraction inhibited the Leishmania growth by 41.4% at 20µg/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-hexane fraction yielded two compounds: (1) lasidiol p-methoxybenzoate, a daucane sesquiterpene and (2) a terpene aldehyde ester. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 5.34µg/ml in the Leishmania assay and no cytotoxicity in L6 cells (IC50 >20µg/ml), while compound 2 was inactive in the Leishmania assay (IC50 >20µg/ml). These compounds were previously isolated from the medicinal plants Xanthium catharticum Kunth (1) and Ferula hispanica Rouy (2). However, this is the first report of their Leishmanicidal activity, cytotoxicity, and their isolation from a Eryngium species. In conclusion, there is potential to find new Leishmanicidal natural products from common medicinal plants.}, number={11}, journal={Planta Medica}, publisher={Georg Thieme Verlag KG}, author={Rojas-Silva, P and Graziose, R and Poulev, A and Mbeunkui, F and Grace, MH and Lila, MA and Raskin, I}, year={2012}, month={Jul} }
 @inproceedings{rojas-silva_graziose_poulev_mbeunkui_grace_lila_raskin_2012, title={Seeking novel Leishmanicidal natural products from common medicinal plants, the example of Eryngium foetidum L}, volume={78}, number={11}, booktitle={Planta Medica}, author={Rojas-Silva, P. and Graziose, R. and Poulev, A. and Mbeunkui, F. and Grace, M. H. and Lila, M. A. and Raskin, I.}, year={2012}, pages={1132–1132} }
 @article{graziose_rathinasabapathy_lategan_poulev_smith_grace_lila_raskin_2011, title={Antiplasmodial activity of aporphine alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones from Liriodendron tulipifera L.}, volume={133}, ISSN={["0378-8741"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650679847&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.059}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the active constituents of the traditionally used antimalarial plant Liriodendron tulipifera by antiplasmodial-assay guided fractionation.Bark and leaves were extracted with solvents of increasing polarity. Fractions were generated using flash chromatography, counter current chromatography and preparative HPLC and subjected to in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity assays. Active fractions were subjected to further fractionation until pure compounds were isolated, for which the IC(50) values were calculated.Six known aporphine alkaloids, asimilobine (1), norushinsunine (2), norglaucine (3), liriodenine (4), anonaine (5) and oxoglaucine (6) were found to be responsible for the antiplasmodial activity of the bark. Leaves yielded two known sesquiterpene lactones, peroxyferolide (7) and lipiferolide (8) with antiplasmodial activity. The antiplasmodial activity of (2) (IC(50)=29.6 μg/mL), (3) (IC(50)=22.0 μg/mL), (6) (IC(50)=9.1 μg/mL), (7) (IC(50)=6.2 μg/mL) and (8) (IC(50)=1.8 μg/mL) are reported for the first time.This work supports the historical use of Liriodendron tulipifera as an antimalarial remedy of the United States and characterizes its antiplasmodial constituents.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY}, author={Graziose, Rocky and Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan and Lategan, Carmen and Poulev, Alexander and Smith, Peter J. and Grace, Mary and Lila, Mary Ann and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={26–30} }
 @article{mbeunkui_grace_lategan_smith_raskin_lila_2011, title={Isolation and identification of antiplasmodial N-alkylamides from Spilanthes acmella flowers using centrifugal partition chromatography and ESI-IT-TOF-MS}, volume={879}, ISSN={1570-0232}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.013}, DOI={10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.013}, abstractNote={The development of new antiplasmodial drugs is of primary importance due to the growing problem of multi-drug resistance of malaria parasites. Spilanthes acmella, a plant traditionally used for the treatment of toothache, was targeted as a lead for its potential antiplasmodial activity. A systematic approach for investigating a suitable centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) solvent system for N-alkylamides separation was reported. The partition behavior of three N-alkylamides has been studied using several biphasic solvent mixtures in search of an adequate CPC solvent system for this class of compounds. Major N-alkylamides in S. acmella were isolated from a methanolic crude extract of flowers by CPC with the solvent system heptanes-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3:2:3:2, v/v/v/v). Four N-alkylamides were purified and the structures were illustrated by electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-TOF-MS), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR). The CPC fractions, which contained natural mixtures of phytochemicals, demonstrated significantly higher antiplasmodial activity compared to corresponding purified N-alkylamides, thus suggesting that interactions between these N-alkylamides may potentiate antiplasmodial bioactivity.}, number={21}, journal={Journal of Chromatography B}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Mbeunkui, Flaubert and Grace, Mary H. and Lategan, Carmen and Smith, Peter J. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2011}, month={Jul}, pages={1886–1892} }
 @article{flint_robinson_kellogg_ferguson_boufajreldin_dolan_raskin_lila_2011, title={Promoting Wellness in Alaskan Villages: Integrating Traditional Knowledge and Science of Wild Berries}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1612-9210"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10393-011-0707-9}, abstractNote={People draw upon multiple forms of environmental knowledge, from scientific to highly contextual local or traditional forms of knowledge, to interpret problems and gauge risks in complex socio-ecological systems. In collaboration with three remote Alaska Native communities, and using an interdisciplinary, participatory, and mixed methods research approach, we explored traditional ecological knowledge and scientific aspects of wild berries and the broader context of community health and environmental change. Combining site visits, key informant interviews, focus groups, survey questionnaires, portable field bioassays, and laboratory follow-up analyses, our research revealed the importance of local subsistence resources for community wellness. Multiple berry species were found to have powerful bioactive health properties for ameliorating metabolic syndrome as well as importance for community wellness. Communities differed in the degree to which they characterized berries as healthy foods and perceived environmental risks including climate change. Findings suggest the importance of incorporating locally available foods and socio-cultural traditions into community wellness programming. This article also discusses challenges and opportunities associated with transdisciplinary, participatory research with indigenous communities.}, number={2}, journal={ECOHEALTH}, author={Flint, Courtney G. and Robinson, Ewan S. and Kellogg, Joshua and Ferguson, Gary and BouFajreldin, Lama and Dolan, Mallory and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={199–209} }
 @article{barnes_prasain_d'alessandro_arabshahi_botting_lila_jackson_janle_weaver_2011, title={The metabolism and analysis of isoflavones and other dietary polyphenols in foods and biological systems}, volume={2}, ISSN={2042-6496 2042-650X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1fo10025d}, DOI={10.1039/c1fo10025d}, abstractNote={Polyphenols in dietary and botanical matrices are usually present as simple and complex O-glycosides. In fermented dietary materials, the glycosidic moiety is removed and accompanied in some cases by more complex changes to the polyphenol. As for most xenobiotics, polyphenols undergo phase II conjugation in the intestinal wall during their absorption from the gut. In contrast, a few polyphenols, such as puerarin in the kudzu vine, are C-glycosides and are stable in the gut and during absorption, distribution and excretion. Large bowel bacteria reduce polyphenol aglycones, causing opening of the heterocyclic B-ring and ring cleavage. The products are mostly absorbed and enter the bloodstream. Phase I and II metabolism events occur in the intestine and the liver - most polyphenols predominantly circulate as β-glucuronides and sulfate esters with very little as the aglycones, the presumed active forms. In addition, metabolism can occur in non-hepatic tissues and cells including breast tumor cells that have variable amounts of cytochrome P450s, sulfatase and sulfotransferase activities. Inflammatory cells produce chemical oxidants (HOCl, HOBr, ONO(2)(-)) that will react with polyphenols. The isoflavones daidzein and genistein and the flavonol quercetin form mono- and dichlorinated products in reaction with HOCl. Genistein is converted to 3'-nitrogenistein in the lung tissue of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Whereas polyphenols that can be converted to quinones or epoxides react with glutathione (GSH) to form adducts, chlorinated isoflavones do not react with GSH; instead, they are converted to β-glucuronides and are excreted in bile. Analysis of polyphenols and their metabolites is routinely carried out with great sensitivity, specificity and quantification by LC-tandem mass spectrometry. Critical questions about the absorption and tissue uptake of complex polyphenols such as the proanthocyanins can be answered by labeling these polyphenols with (14)C-sucrose in plant cell culture and then purifying them for use in animal experiments. The (14)C signature is quantified using accelerator mass spectrometry, a technique capable of detecting one (14)C atom in 10(15) carbon atoms. This permits the study of the penetration of the polyphenols into the interstitial fluid, the fluid that is actually in contact with non-vascular cells.}, number={5}, journal={Food & Function}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Barnes, Stephen and Prasain, Jeevan and D'Alessandro, Tracy and Arabshahi, Ali and Botting, Nigel and Lila, Mary Ann and Jackson, George and Janle, Elsa M. and Weaver, Connie M.}, year={2011}, pages={235} }
 @misc{barnes_prasain_d'alessandro_arabshahi_botting_lila_jackson_janle_weaver_2011, title={The metabolism and analysis of isoflavones and other dietary polyphenols in foods and biological systems}, volume={2}, number={5}, journal={Food & Function}, author={Barnes, S. and Prasain, J. and D'Alessandro, T. and Arabshahi, A. and Botting, N. and Lila, M. A. and Jackson, G. and Janle, E. M. and Weaver, C. M.}, year={2011}, pages={235–244} }
 @article{kellogg_wang_flint_ribnicky_kuhn_mejia_raskin_lila_2010, title={Alaskan wild berry resources and human health under the cloud of climate change}, volume={58}, DOI={10.1021/jf902693r}, abstractNote={Wild berries are integral dietary components for Alaska Native people and a rich source of polyphenolic metabolites that can ameliorate metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. In this study, five species of wild Alaskan berries (Vaccinium ovalifolium , Vaccinium uliginosum , Rubus chamaemorus , Rubus spectabilis , and Empetrum nigrum) were screened for bioactivity through a community-participatory research method involving three geographically distinct tribal communities. Compositional analysis by HPLC and LC-MS(2) revealed substantial site-specific variation in anthocyanins (0.01-4.39 mg/g of FW) and proanthocyanidins (0.74-6.25 mg/g of FW) and identified A-type proanthocyanidin polymers. R. spectabilis increased expression levels of preadipocyte factor 1 (182%), and proanthocyanidin-enriched fractions from other species reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Selected extracts reduced serum glucose levels in C57BL/6J mice by up to 45%. Local observations provided robust insights into effects of climatic fluctuations on berry abundance and quality, and preliminary site-specific compositional and bioactivity differences were noted, suggesting the need to monitor this Alaska Native resource as climate shifts affect the region.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, author={Kellogg, J. and Wang, J. Z. and Flint, C. and Ribnicky, D. and Kuhn, P. and Mejia, E. G. De and Raskin, I. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2010}, pages={3884–3900} }
 @article{schreckinger_wang_yousef_lila_gonzalez de mejia_2010, title={Antioxidant Capacity and in Vitro Inhibition of Adipogenesis and Inflammation by Phenolic Extracts of Vaccinium floribundum and Aristotelia chilensis}, volume={58}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf100975m}, DOI={10.1021/jf100975m}, abstractNote={Interest in berries from South America has increased due to their potential health benefits. The objective of this study was to characterize the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins of Vaccinium floribundum and Aristotelia chilensis , total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity and to evaluate, in vitro, the ability of their phenolic extracts to reduce adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The anti-inflammatory property of these extracts on RAW 264.7 macrophages was also investigated. Antioxidant capacity, measured as oxygen radical scavenging capacity and expressed as Trolox equivalents, was higher in the berries of A. chilensis. Phenolic extracts inhibited lipid accumulation by 4.0-10.8% when adipocytes were treated at maturity and by 5.9-37.9% when treated throughout differentiation. Furthermore, a proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction from V. floribundum significantly increased Pref-1 expression in preadipocytes. Phenolic extracts decreased the production of nitric oxide (3.7-25.5%) and prostaglandin E2 (9.1-89.1%) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (9.8-61.8%) and cycloxygenase-2 (16.6-62.0%) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. V. floribundum and A. chilensis phytochemicals limit adipogenesis and inflammatory pathways in vitro, warranting further in vivo studies.}, number={16}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Schreckinger, Maria Elisa and Wang, Jinzhi and Yousef, Gad and Lila, Mary Ann and Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={8966–8976} }
 @article{grace_lategan_mbeunkui_graziose_smith_raskin_lila_2010, title={Antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of drimane sesquiterpenes from Canella winterana}, volume={5}, number={12}, journal={Natural Product Communications}, author={Grace, M. H. and Lategan, C. and Mbeunkui, F. and Graziose, R. and Smith, P. J. and Raskin, I. and Lila, M. A.}, year={2010}, pages={1869–1872} }
 @article{cuevas-rodriguez_yousef_garcia-saucedo_lopez-medina_paredes-lopez_lila_2010, title={Characterization of Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins in Wild and Domesticated Mexican Blackberries (Rubus spp.)}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, DOI={10.1021/jf101485r}, abstractNote={This study was designed to characterize and compare wild, commercial, and noncommercial cultivated blackberry genotypes grown in Michoacan, Mexico. Six genotypes, including WB-3, WB-7, WB-10, and WB-11 (all wild blackberry types), Tupy (a commercial cultivar), and UM-601 (a cultivated breeding line), were selected and profiled for anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins by separating extracts over Amberlite XAD-7 resin and Sephadex LH-20 columns. Subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analyses revealed that the major anthocyanin for all genotypes was cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. The proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) were present in mono- to hexamer forms. Also, hydrolyzable tannins, ellagitannins, were characterized in the blackberry fruits. The average anthocyanin concentration in Sephadex LH-20 fractions was 49.2 mg/g in the commercial cultivar Tupy, while in the wild genotypes and the breeding line, the range was 361.3-494.9 mg/g (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalent). The proanthocyanidin concentration varied widely among wild genotypes (417.5-1343.6 mg/g, catechin equivalent). This study demonstrated that the use of Amberlite XAD-7 followed by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, with subsequent HPLC and LC-ESI-MS analyses, was able to effectively separate and characterize the diverse polyphenolics in blackberry genotypes. These results suggest that recommendations for dietary intake of blackberries for human health benefits need to take into account the source, because of the wide inherent variation in bioactive polyphenolic content in different blackberry genotypes.}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Cuevas-Rodriguez, Edith O. and Yousef, Gad G. and Garcia-Saucedo, Pedro A. and Lopez-Medina, Jose and Paredes-Lopez, Octavio and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={7458–7464} }
 @article{newell_yousef_lila_ramírez-mares_gonzalez de mejia_2010, title={Comparative in vitro bioactivities of tea extracts from six species of Ardisia and their effect on growth inhibition of HepG2 cells}, volume={130}, ISSN={0378-8741}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.051}, DOI={10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.051}, abstractNote={Ardisia species, notably A. compressa, are used in some regions of the world as food or in traditional medicine for prevention and treatment of certain health conditions including liver disease. We investigated the chemical composition and relative anticancer potential of six Ardisia species [A. japonica (AJ), A. escallonioides (AES), A. mamillata (AM), A. compressa (AC), A. crenata (ACR), and A. elliptica (AE)].Antioxidant capacity, DNA human topoisomerase II catalytic inhibition, and cytotoxicity on human liver cancer cells (HepG2) were determined in vitro in tea extracts of the 6 Ardisia species evaluated. Selected pure phenolic compounds present in Ardisia species were also evaluated.AC showed the highest topoisomerase II catalytic inhibition (IC(50)=12 microg/ml) and cytotoxicity (IC(50)=117 microg/ml) against HepG2 cells, followed by ACR and AJ. Total polyphenols ranged from 21 to 72 mg equivalents of gallic acid (GA)/g solid extract (SE). LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of GA, quercetin derivatives, ardisenone, ardisiaquinone, ardisianone, bergenin, norbergenin, and embelin. However, neither total polyphenol concentration nor antioxidant capacity correlated with anticancer capacity. Significant HepG2 cytotoxicity was also achieved by bergenin (IC(50)=18 microM) and embelin (IC(50)=120 microM). AC, bergenin, embelin, and quercetin showed a tendency to accumulate cells in the G1 phase and reduced G2/M leading to apoptosis.Although the mechanism is not entirely clear, AC, ACR, and AJ are the Ardisia species with the greatest anticancer potential against liver cancer cells in vitro and deserve further investigation.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Ethnopharmacology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Newell, Amanda M.B. and Yousef, Gad G. and Lila, Mary Ann and Ramírez-Mares, Marco Vinicio and Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={536–544} }
 @article{cuevas-rodriguez_dia_yousef_garcia-saucedo_lopez-medina_paredes-lopez_gonzalez de mejia_ann lila_2010, title={Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory Responses and Antioxidant Capacity of Mexican Blackberry (Rubus spp.) Extracts}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1520-5118"]}, DOI={10.1021/jf102590p}, abstractNote={Total polyphenolic and anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions from wild blackberry genotypes (WB-3, WB-7, WB-10, and WB-11), a domesticated noncommercial breeding line (UM-601), and a commercial cultivar (Tupy) were evaluated for inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses [nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At 50 microM [cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) or catechin equivalent], most fractions significantly (P<0.05) inhibited all markers. The anthocyanin-rich fraction from WB-10 and the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from UM-601 exhibited the highest NO inhibitory activities (IC50=16.1 and 15.1 microM, respectively). Proanthocyanidin-rich fractions from the wild WB-10 showed the highest inhibition of iNOS expression (IC50=8.3 microM). Polyphenolic-rich fractions from WB-7 and UM-601 were potent inhibitors of COX-2 expression (IC50=19.1 and 19.3 microM C3G equivalent, respectively). For most of the extracts, antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with NO inhibition. Wild genotypes of Mexican blackberries, as rich sources of polyphenolics that have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, showed particular promise for inclusion in plant improvement programs designed to develop new varieties with nutraceutical potential.}, number={17}, journal={JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY}, author={Cuevas-Rodriguez, Edith O. and Dia, Vermont P. and Yousef, Gad G. and Garcia-Saucedo, Pedro A. and Lopez-Medina, Jost and Paredes-Lopez, Octavio and Gonzalez De Mejia, Elvira and Ann Lila, Mary}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={9542–9548} }
 @article{janle_lila_grannan_wood_higgins_yousef_rogers_kim_jackson_weaver_2010, title={Method for evaluating the potential of 14C labeled plant polyphenols to cross the blood–brain barrier using accelerator mass spectrometry}, volume={268}, ISSN={0168-583X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.161}, DOI={10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.161}, abstractNote={Bioactive compounds in botanicals may be beneficial in preventing age-related neurodegenerative diseases, but for many compounds conventional methods may be inadequate to detect if these compounds cross the blood brain barrier or to track the pharmacokinetics in the brain. By combining a number of unique technologies it has been possible to utilize the power of AMS to study the pharmacokinetics of bioactive compounds in the brain at very low concentrations. (14)C-labeled compounds can be biosynthesized by plant cell suspension cultures co-incubated with radioisotopically-labeled sucrose and isolated and separated into a series of bioactive fractions.To study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of (14)C labeled plant polyphenols, rats were implanted with jugular catheters, subcutaneous ultrafiltration probes and brain microdialysis probes. Labeled fractions were dosed orally. Interstitial fluid (ISF) and brain microdialysate samples were taken in tandem with blood samples. It was often possible to determine (14)C in blood and ISF with a β-counter. However, brain microdialysate samples (14)C levels on the order of 10(7) atoms/sample required AMS technology. The Brain Microdialysate(AUC)/Serum(AUC) ranged from .021- to .029, with the higher values for the glycoside fractions. By using AMS in combination with traditional methods, it is possible to study uptake by blood, distribution to ISF and determine the amount of a dose which can reach the brain and follow the pharmacokinetics in the brain.}, number={7-8}, journal={Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Janle, Elsa M. and Lila, Mary Ann and Grannan, Michael and Wood, Lauren and Higgins, Aine and Yousef, Gad G. and Rogers, Randy B. and Kim, Helen and Jackson, George S. and Weaver, Connie M.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={1313–1316} }
 @article{engelmann_campbell_rogers_rupassara_garlick_lila_erdman_2010, title={Screening and Selection of High Carotenoid Producing in Vitro Tomato Cell Culture Lines for [13C]-Carotenoid Production}, volume={58}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf101942x}, DOI={10.1021/jf101942x}, abstractNote={Isotopically labeled tomato carotenoids, phytoene, phytofluene, and lycopene, are needed for mammalian bioavailability and metabolism research but are currently commercially unavailable. The goals of this work were to establish and screen multiple in vitro tomato cell lines for carotenoid production, test the best producers with or without the bleaching herbicides, norflurazon and 2-(4-chlorophenyl-thio)triethylamine (CPTA), and to use the greatest carotenoid accumulator for in vitro 13C-labeling. Different Solanum lycopersicum allelic variants for high lycopene and varying herbicide treatments were compared for carotenoid accumulation in callus and suspension culture, and cell suspension cultures of the hp-1 line were chosen for isotopic labeling. When grown with [U]-13C-glucose and treated with CPTA, hp-1 suspensions yielded highly enriched 13C-lycopene with 45% of lycopene in the M+40 form and 88% in the M+35 to M+40 isotopomer range. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of highly enriched 13C-carotenoid production from in vitro plant cell culture.}, number={18}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Engelmann, Nancy J. and Campbell, Jessica K. and Rogers, Randy B. and Rupassara, S. Indumathie and Garlick, Peter J. and Lila, Mary Ann and Erdman, John W., Jr.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={9979–9987} }
 @article{engelmann_rogers_lila_erdman_2009, title={Herbicide Treatments Alter Carotenoid Profiles for14C Tracer Production from Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. VFNT cherry) Cell Cultures}, volume={57}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf803905d}, DOI={10.1021/jf803905d}, abstractNote={Progress in learning about underlying carotenoid bioactivity mechanisms has been limited because of the lack of commercially available radiolabeled lycopene (LYC), phytoene (PE), and phytofluene (PF). Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum cv. VFNT cherry) cell cultures have been treated to produce [(14)C]-PE and PF but with relatively low yields. To increase carotenoid production, two bleaching herbicides were administered during the culture incubation, 2-(4-chlorophenyl-thio)triethylamine and norflurazon, separately or in combination to produce varying ratios of PE, PF, and LYC. Treatment with both herbicides resulted in optimal production of all three carotenoids. Subsequently, cultures were incubated in [(14)C]-sucrose-containing media to produce labeled LYC, PE, and PF. Adding [(14)C]-sucrose on day 1 of the 14 day culture incubation cycle to norflurazon-treated cultures led to a small increase in labeling efficiency compared to adding it on day 7. Improved culture conditions efficiently provided sufficient (14)C-carotenoids for future cell culture and animal metabolic tracking studies.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Engelmann, Nancy J. and Rogers, Randy B. and Lila, Mary Ann and Erdman, John W.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={4614–4619} }
 @article{grace_ribnicky_kuhn_poulev_logendra_yousef_raskin_lila_2009, title={Hypoglycemic activity of a novel anthocyanin-rich formulation from lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton}, volume={16}, ISSN={0944-7113}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.02.018}, DOI={10.1016/j.phymed.2009.02.018}, abstractNote={Blueberry fruits are known as a rich source of anthocyanin components. In this study we demonstrate that anthocyanins from blueberry have the potency to alleviate symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetic C57b1/6J mice. The anti-diabetic activity of different anthocyanin-related extracts was evaluated using the pharmaceutically acceptable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system: Labrasol. Treatment by gavage (500 mg/kg body wt) with a phenolic-rich extract and an anthocyanin-enriched fraction formulated with Labrasol lowered elevated blood glucose levels by 33 and 51%, respectively. The hypoglycemic activities of these formulae were comparable to that of the known anti-diabetic drug metformin (27% at 300 mg/kg). The extracts were not significantly hypoglycemic when administered without Labrasol, demonstrating its bio-enhancing effect, most likely due to increasing the bioavailability of the administered preparations. The phenolic-rich extract contained 287.0+/-9.7 mg/g anthocyanins, while the anthocyanin-enriched fraction contained 595+/-20.0 mg/g (cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents), as measured by HPLC and pH differential analysis methods. The greater hypoglycemic activity of the anthocyanin-enriched fraction compared to the initial phenolic-rich extract suggested that the activity was due to the anthocyanin components. Treatment by gavage (300 mg/kg) with the pure anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside, formulated with Labrasol, showed that malvidin-3-O-glucoside was significantly hypoglycemic while delphinidin-3-O-glucoside was not.}, number={5}, journal={Phytomedicine}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Ribnicky, David M. and Kuhn, Peter and Poulev, Alexander and Logendra, Sithes and Yousef, Gad G. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={406–415} }
 @article{molan_lila_mawson_de_2009, title={In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the prebiotic activity of water-soluble blueberry extracts}, volume={25}, ISSN={0959-3993 1573-0972}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0011-9}, DOI={10.1007/s11274-009-0011-9}, number={7}, journal={World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Molan, Abdul Lateef and Lila, Mary Ann and Mawson, John and De, Shampa}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={1243–1249} }
 @article{engelmann_reppert_yousef_rogers_lila_2009, title={In vitro production of radiolabeled red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones}, volume={98}, ISSN={0167-6857 1573-5044}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-009-9547-5}, DOI={10.1007/s11240-009-9547-5}, abstractNote={Red clover isoflavones are increasingly used in dietary supplements for their purported estrogenic effects. However, little is known about their metabolism in animals due to a lack of commercially available isotopically labeled tracers. The goal of this research was to establish red clover cell culturing methodology for 14C-biolabeling of isoflavones. When root, leaf, and petiole-derived suspension cultures were grown in darkness or light, dark-grown, petiole-derived solution cultures produced the highest concentrations of the two major red clover isoflavones, formononetin (0.67 mg/g FM inoculum) and biochanin A (0.13 mg/g FM inoculum). Varying levels and timing of copper chloride elicitor did not significantly affect isoflavone accumulation. Approximately 38% of the 14C-sucrose dose accumulated in the cells. Eighteen percent of the initial labeled dose was detected in the isoflavone-rich methanolic extract and of that, 22% accumulated in isoflavones.}, number={2}, journal={Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Engelmann, Nancy J. and Reppert, Adam and Yousef, Gad and Rogers, Randy B. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={147–156} }
 @article{mun_grannan_lachcik_reppert_yousef_rogers_janle_weaver_lila_2009, title={In vivo metabolic tracking of 14C-radiolabelled isoflavones in kudzu (Pueraria lobata) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) extracts}, volume={102}, ISSN={0007-1145 1475-2662}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711450999047X}, DOI={10.1017/S000711450999047X}, abstractNote={Absorption, distribution and elimination of 14C-labelled isoflavone-containing extracts from kudzu (Pueraria lobata) root culture and red clover (Trifolium pratense) cell culture were investigated in an in vivo rat model. The predominant isoflavones in the kudzu extract were the glycosides puerarin, daidzin and malonyl daidzin, while in the red clover extract, the major isoflavones were formononetin and its derivatives, genistein and biochanin A, with radioactivities of 3·770 and 7·256 MBq/g, respectively. Male Sprague–Dawley rats, implanted with a jugular catheter and a subcutaneous ultrafiltrate probe, were orally administered with 14C-labelled isoflavone extracts from either kudzu or clover cell cultures. Serum, interstitial fluid (ISF), urine and faeces were collected using a Culex® Automated Blood Collection System for 24 h. Analysis of bone tissues revealed that radiolabel accumulated in the femur, tibia and vertebrae at 0·04, 0·03 and 0·01 % of the administered dose, respectively, in both kudzu and red clover treatments. The liver accumulated the greatest concentration of radiolabel among the tissues tested, at 1·99 and 1·54 % of the administered kudzu and red clover extracts, respectively. Serum and ISF analysis showed that both extracts were rapidly absorbed, distributed in various tissues, and largely eliminated in the urine and faeces. Urine and faeces contained 8·53 and 9·06 % of the kudzu dose, respectively, and 3·60 and 5·64 % of the red clover dose, respectively. Serum pharmacokinetics suggest that extracts from kudzu may undergo enterohepatic circulation.}, number={10}, journal={British Journal of Nutrition}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Mun, Jonathan G. and Grannan, Michael D. and Lachcik, Pamela J. and Reppert, Adam and Yousef, Gad G. and Rogers, Randy B. and Janle, Elsa M. and Weaver, Connie M. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={1523–1530} }
 @article{weaver_barnes_wyss_kim_morré_morré_simon_lila_janle_ferruzzi_2009, title={Research highlights from the Purdue-UAB Botanicals Research Center for Age Related Diseases}, volume={47}, ISSN={1388-0209 1744-5116}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200902988603}, DOI={10.1080/13880200902988603}, abstractNote={The Purdue-UAB Botanicals Research Center for Age Related Disease uses multidisciplinary and innovative technologies to investigate the bioavailability of bioactive polyphenolic constituents from botanicals and their relationship to human health. Many age-related diseases are associated with oxidative stress and tissue damage. One of the research goals of the Purdue-UAB Center is to investigate the bioavailability of bioactive natural compounds from a complex botanical mixture to the organ affected by the disease, determine the uptake and metabolism of these compounds, and relate these data to a protective mechanism. Equally important is to screen commercially available botanicals for their safety and efficacy. The central aims of the Center include the investigation of botanicals and their relationship to bone antiresorptive capacity, cognitive function, vascular effects, and cancer prevention.}, number={8}, journal={Pharmaceutical Biology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Weaver, Connie M. and Barnes, Stephen and Wyss, J. Michael and Kim, Helen and Morré, Dorothy M. and Morré, D. James and Simon, James E. and Lila, Mary Ann and Janle, Elsa M. and Ferruzzi, Mario G.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={768–773} }
 @article{cheng_yousef_grace_rogers_gorelick-feldman_raskin_lila_2008, title={In vitro production of metabolism-enhancing phytoecdysteroids from Ajuga turkestanica}, volume={93}, ISSN={0167-6857 1573-5044}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9345-5}, DOI={10.1007/s11240-008-9345-5}, number={1}, journal={Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Cheng, Diana M. and Yousef, Gad G. and Grace, Mary H. and Rogers, Randy B. and Gorelick-Feldman, J. and Raskin, I. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={73–83} }
 @article{alwerdt_seigler_gonzalez de mejia_yousef_lila_2008, title={Influence of Alternative Liquid Chromatography Techniques on the Chemical Complexity and Bioactivity of Isolated Proanthocyanidin Mixtures}, volume={56}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf073001k}, DOI={10.1021/jf073001k}, abstractNote={Extracts rich in proanthocyanidins, which are implicated in multiple human health benefits, were comparatively separated using alternative separation methods [vacuum or open column liquid chromatography], separation matrices [Toyopearl, Sephadex, or silica gel], and degrees of subfractionation [8 or 12 subfraction series], to evaluate the influence of separation technique on the resolution of the chemical composition and the biological activity of separated proanthocyanidin mixtures in individual subfractions. Bioactivity was assessed using a DNA human topoisomerase II bioassay and structural composition by acid thiolysis (average degree of polymerization, DP) and HPLC-ESI/MS. The amount of parent fraction needed to inhibit 50% of topoisomerase II was 3.38 ng/mL with an average DP of 25.5. A 2(3) factorial analysis revealed that the vacuum and open column strategies for separation, when individually considered, did not yield significantly different results in terms of mass recovery, DP, or bioactivity; however, interactions with other factors such as matrix or subfraction series resulted in distinctive shifts in fraction profiles and biological activity. In general, Sephadex as a matrix permitted elution and separation of discrete, polymerized subfractions with potent inhibition against human topoisomerase II. Sephadex vacuum chromatography, Toyopearl open column chromatography, and Toyopearl vacuum chromatography separation techniques eluted highly polymerized proanthocyanidin mixtures, but the inhibitory bioactivity was attenuated as compared to the parent fraction, whereas Sephadex open column chromatography eluted highly polymerized subfraction mixtures that retained bioactive potential.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Alwerdt, Jessica L. and Seigler, David S. and Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira and Yousef, Gad G. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={1896–1906} }
 @article{reppert_yousef_rogers_lila_2008, title={Isolation of Radiolabeled Isoflavones from Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Root Cultures}, volume={56}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf801413z}, DOI={10.1021/jf801413z}, abstractNote={Isoflavones have potential for preventing and treating several chronic health conditions, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this study, radiolabeled isoflavones were recovered from kudzu (Pueraria lobata) root cultures after incubation with uniformly labeled (14)C-sucrose in the culture medium for 21 days. Approximately 19% of administered label was recovered in the isoflavone-rich dried extracts of kudzu root cultures (90.2 microCi/g or 3.3 MBq/g extract). HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the predominant isoflavones isolated from kudzu root cultures to be puerarin, daidzin, and malonyl-daidzin. The average concentration of the major isoflavone puerarin in kudzu root cultures was 33.6 mg/g extract, with a specific activity of 63.5 microCi/g (2.3 MBq/g). The isolated isoflavones were sufficiently (14)C-labeled to permit utilization for subsequent in vivo metabolic tracking studies.}, number={17}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Reppert, Adam and Yousef, Gad G. and Rogers, Randy B. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={7860–7865} }
 @article{grace_cheng_raskin_lila_2008, title={Neo-clerodane diterpenes from Ajuga turkestanica}, volume={1}, ISSN={1874-3900}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2008.03.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.phytol.2008.03.004}, abstractNote={The ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Ajuga turkestanica afforded 6 neo-clerodane diterpenes, including two novel compounds, 14, 15-dihydroajugachin B (1) and 14-hydro-15-methoxyajugachin B (2), in addition to the known diterpenoids chamaepitin (3), ajugachin B (4), ajugapitin (5) and lupulin A (6). Structures were established through exhaustive NMR spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation in the case of 1. The full (1)H and (13)C NMR assignment of the C-15 R and S configurations of 14-hydro-15-methoxyajugachin B and chamaepitin were elucidated.}, number={2}, journal={Phytochemistry Letters}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Cheng, Diana M. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={81–84} }
 @article{lu_engelmann_lila_erdman_2008, title={Optimization of Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Cell Suspension Culture by Response Surface Methodology}, volume={56}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf801029k}, DOI={10.1021/jf801029k}, abstractNote={Radioisotope-labeled lycopene is an important tool for biomedical research but currently is not commercially available. A tomato cell suspension culture system for the production of radioisotope-labeled lycopene was previously developed in our laboratory. In the current study, the goal was to optimize the lycopene extraction efficiency from tomato cell cultures for preparatory high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. We employed response surface methodology (RSM), which combines fractional factorial design and a second-degree polynomial model. Tomato cells were homogenized with ethanol, saponified by KOH, and extracted with hexane, and the lycopene content was analyzed by HPLC-PDA. We varied five factors at five levels: ethanol volume (1.33-4 mL/g); homogenization period (0-40 s/g); saturated KOH solution volume (0-0.67 mL/g); hexane volume (1.67-3 mL/g); and vortex period (5-25 s/g). Ridge analysis by SAS suggested that the optimal extraction procedure to extract 1 g of tomato cells was at 1.56 mL of ethanol, 28 s homogenization, 0.29 mL of KOH, 2.49 mL of hexane, and 17.5 s vortex. These optimal conditions predicted by RSM were confirmed to enhance lycopene yield from standardized tomato cell cultures by more than 3-fold.}, number={17}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Lu, Chi-Hua and Engelmann, Nancy J. and Lila, Mary Ann and Erdman, John W.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={7710–7714} }
 @article{burns kraft_dey_rogers_ribnicky_gipp_cefalu_raskin_lila_2008, title={Phytochemical Composition and Metabolic Performance-Enhancing Activity of Dietary Berries Traditionally Used by Native North Americans}, volume={56}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf071999d}, DOI={10.1021/jf071999d}, abstractNote={Four wild berry species, Amelanchier alnifolia, Viburnum trilobum, Prunus virginiana, and Shepherdia argentea, all integral to the traditional subsistence diet of Native American tribal communities, were evaluated to elucidate phytochemical composition and bioactive properties related to performance and human health. Biological activity was screened using a range of bioassays that assessed the potential for these little-known dietary berries to affect diabetic microvascular complications, hyperglycemia, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and metabolic syndrome symptoms. Nonpolar constituents from berries, including carotenoids, were potent inhibitors of aldose reductase (an enzyme involved in the etiology of diabetic microvascular complications), whereas the polar constituents, mainly phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins, were hypoglycemic agents and strong inhibitors of IL-1beta and COX-2 gene expression. Berry samples also showed the ability to modulate lipid metabolism and energy expenditure in a manner consistent with improving metabolic syndrome. The results demonstrate that these berries traditionally consumed by tribal cultures contain a rich array of phytochemicals that have the capacity to promote health and protect against chronic diseases, such as diabetes.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Burns Kraft, Tristan F. and Dey, Moul and Rogers, Randy B. and Ribnicky, David M. and Gipp, David M. and Cefalu, William T. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={654–660} }
 @article{gorelick-feldman_maclean_ilic_poulev_lila_cheng_raskin_2008, title={Phytoecdysteroids Increase Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle Cells}, volume={56}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf073059z}, DOI={10.1021/jf073059z}, abstractNote={Phytoecdysteroids, which are structurally similar or identical to insect molting hormones, produce a range of effects in mammals, including increasing growth and physical performance. To study the mechanism of action of phytoecdysteroids in mammalian tissue, an in vitro cellular assay of protein synthesis was developed. In C2C12 murine myotubes and human primary myotubes, phytoecdysteroids increased protein synthesis by up to 20%. In vivo, ecdysteroids increased rat grip strength. Ecdysteroid-containing plant extracts produced similar results. The effect was inhibited by a phosphoinositide kinase-3 inhibitor, which suggests a PI3K-mediated mechanism.}, number={10}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Gorelick-Feldman, Jonathan and MacLean, David and Ilic, Nebojsa and Poulev, Alexander and Lila, Mary Ann and Cheng, Diana and Raskin, Ilya}, year={2008}, month={May}, pages={3532–3537} }
 @article{dey_ripoll_pouleva_dorn_aranovich_zaurov_kurmukov_eliseyeva_belolipov_akimaliev_et al._2008, title={Plant extracts from central Asia showing antiinflammatory activities in gene expression assays}, volume={22}, ISSN={0951-418X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2427}, DOI={10.1002/ptr.2427}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={7}, journal={Phytotherapy Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Dey, Moul and Ripoll, Christophe and Pouleva, Reneta and Dorn, Ruth and Aranovich, Irina and Zaurov, David and Kurmukov, Anvar and Eliseyeva, Marietta and Belolipov, Igor and Akimaliev, Anarbek and et al.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={929–934} }
 @article{molan_lila_mawson_2008, title={Satiety in rats following blueberry extract consumption induced by appetite-suppressing mechanisms unrelated to in vitro or in vivo antioxidant capacity}, volume={107}, ISSN={0308-8146}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.09.018}, DOI={10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.09.018}, abstractNote={Water extracts of two blueberry cultivars (‘Centurion’ and ‘Maru’) were tested for their ability to modify appetite in a rat model. The fruits of ‘Centurion’ had higher in vitro antioxidant capacity (as measured using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay) and higher total phenolic content (TPC, as measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method) than fruits of ‘Maru’. When rats were gavaged with water-soluble blueberry extract (BBE; 1 ml/day) of both cultivars for 6 days, serum FRAP increased significantly when compared to water-gavaged controls, indicating that BBE may have the ability to elevate circulating antioxidant potentials in vivo. Both cultivars had a satiating influence on experimental rats, as evidenced by their ability to decrease food intake by 8.6% (‘Maru’) and 6.2% (‘Centurion’), although a statistically significant decrease over the control rats was achieved only for the ‘Maru’ treatments. In addition, body weight gain of rats gavaged with extracts from ‘Maru’ and ‘Centurion’ cultivars decreased by 9.2% and 5.3% relative to the rats in the control group, respectively. The reduction in food intake over a 4 h period compared to a control treatment preloaded with the same volume of water suggests that the decrease in food intake was mainly a consequence of a satiating effect, rather than a stomach distension effect. The observed results suggest that the reduction in food intake and decrease in body weight in experimental animals is not merely a consequence of antioxidant mechanisms. BBE may provide a good satiety inducer and weight management modulator.}, number={3}, journal={Food Chemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Molan, A and Lila, M and Mawson, J}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={1039–1044} }
 @article{aparicio-fernández_reynoso-camacho_castaño-tostado_garcía-gasca_gonzález de mejía_guzmán-maldonado_elizondo_yousef_lila_loarca-pina_2007, title={Antiradical Capacity and Induction of Apoptosis on HeLa Cells by a Phaseolus vulgaris Extract}, volume={63}, ISSN={0921-9668 1573-9104}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-007-0066-4}, DOI={10.1007/s11130-007-0066-4}, abstractNote={Jamapa bean is a black Phaseolus vulgaris variety rich in condensed tannins, anthocyanins and flavonols with interesting biological activities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antiradical capacity (ARC) of a Jamapa bean methanolic extract (BME) and some of the proanthocyanidin-rich fractions derived from it, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The effect of the BME on some proteins involved in apoptosis on HeLa cells was also evaluated. A strong correlation between proanthocyanidin concentration in BME and antiradical capacity was found, suggesting that these compounds contribute significantly to antiradical activity. BME was a better radical scavenger than butylated hydroxytoluene (45.6 and 33.9% ARC at 400 microM, respectively). Two proanthocyanidin-rich fractions obtained after a preliminary separation of the BME using Toyopearl (TP4 and TP6) exhibited a higher antiradical activity than the parent extract. The treatment of HeLa cells with 35 microg BME/ml/24 h increased the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, pro-apoptotic proteins (6.13 and 1.2 times for Caspase-3 and Bax, respectively). The mechanism of action of some proteins involved in apoptosis was also evaluated, and the results suggest that black Jamapa bean could be an important source of polyphenolic compounds with potential biological use as antioxidant and anticancer agents.}, number={1}, journal={Plant Foods for Human Nutrition}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Aparicio-Fernández, Xochitl and Reynoso-Camacho, Rosalia and Castaño-Tostado, Eduardo and García-Gasca, Teresa and González de Mejía, Elvira and Guzmán-Maldonado, S. Horacio and Elizondo, Guillermo and Yousef, Gad Gabra and Lila, Mary Ann and Loarca-Pina, Guadalupe}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={35–40} }
 @article{shibli_kushad_yousef_lila_2007, title={Physiological and biochemical responses of tomato microshoots to induced salinity stress with associated ethylene accumulation}, volume={51}, ISSN={0167-6903 1573-5087}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-006-9158-7}, DOI={10.1007/s10725-006-9158-7}, number={2}, journal={Plant Growth Regulation}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Shibli, Rida A. and Kushad, Mosbah and Yousef, Gad G. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={159–169} }
 @article{campbell_engelmann_lila_erdman_2007, title={Phytoene, phytofluene, and lycopene from tomato powder differentially accumulate in tissues of male Fisher 344 rats}, volume={27}, ISSN={0271-5317}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.09.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.nutres.2007.09.015}, abstractNote={Tomato product consumption is inversely related to prostate cancer incidence, and lycopene (LYC) has been implicated in reduced prostate cancer risk. The contribution of other tomato carotenoids, phytoene (PE) and phytofluene (PF), towards prostate cancer risk has not been adequately studied. The relative uptake and tissue distribution of tomato carotenoids are not known. We hypothesize that PE and PF are bioavailable from a tomato powder diet or from a purified source and accumulate in androgen-sensitive tissues. In this study, 4 wk old male Fisher 344 rats were pre-fed an AIN-93G powder diet composed of 10% tomato powder containing PE, PF, and LYC (0.015, 0.012, and 0.011 g/kg diet, respectively). After 30 d tomato powder feeding, hepatic PF concentrations (168 ± 20 nmol/g) were higher than PE or LYC (104 ± 13 and 104 ± 13 nmol/g, respectively). In contrast, LYC, followed by PF, had the highest accumulation of the measured carotenoids in the prostate lobes and seminal vesicles. When tomato powder-fed rats received a single oral dose of either ∼2.7 mg PE or PF, an increase in the dosed carotenoid concentration was observed in all measured tissues, except the adrenal. Percent increases of PF were greater than that of PE in liver, serum, and adipose (37, 287 and 49% versus 16, 179 and 23%, respectively). Results indicate that the relative tomato carotenoid biodistribution differs in liver and androgen-sensitive tissues, suggesting that minor changes in the number of sequential double bonds in carotenoid structures alter absorption and/or metabolism of tomato carotenoids.}, number={12}, journal={Nutrition Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Campbell, Jessica K. and Engelmann, Nancy J. and Lila, Mary Ann and Erdman, John W., Jr}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={794–801} }
 @article{grace_faraldos_lila_coates_2007, title={ent-Beyerane diterpenoids from the heartwood of Excoecaria parvifolia}, volume={68}, ISSN={0031-9422}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.010}, DOI={10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.11.010}, abstractNote={Chromatographic fractionations of the toluene extract of the heartwood of Excoecaria parvifolia collected in Australia resulted in the isolation of 12 beyerane diterpenes (1-12), and the triterpene, lupeol. Four of the isolated diterpenoids (5-7 and 12) have unusual structures: ent-3-oxa-beyer-15-en-2-one, (5); ent-15,16-epoxy-2-hydroxy-19-norbeyer-1,4-dien-3-one (6); methyl ent-2,4-seco-15,16-epoxy-4-oxo-3,19-dinorbeyer-15-en-2-oate (7); and ent-2,17-dihydroxy-19-norbeyer-1,4,15-trien-3-one (12). The structures were established by spectroscopic analyses, NMR data comparisons with similar diterpenes, and chemical correlations. All the diterpenes are assumed to have the same absolute configuration as the co-occurring (+)-stachenol (4). Diosphenol 2 and nor-lactone 5 exhibited significant potency in bioassays for cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells (L1210). Plausible biosynthetic pathways are proposed to explain the origin of the diterpene metabolites.}, number={4}, journal={Phytochemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Grace, Mary H. and Faraldos, Juan A. and Lila, Mary Ann and Coates, Robert M.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={546–553} }
 @article{campbell_rogers_lila_erdman_2006, title={Biosynthesis of14C-Phytoene from Tomato Cell Suspension Cultures (Lycopersicon esculentum) for Utilization in Prostate Cancer Cell Culture Studies}, volume={54}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0581269}, DOI={10.1021/jf0581269}, abstractNote={This work describes the development and utilization of a plant cell culture production approach to biosynthesize and radiolabel phytoene and phytofluene for prostate cancer cell culture studies. The herbicide norflurazon was added to established cell suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT cherry), to induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of the lycopene precursors, phytoene and phytofluene, in their natural isomeric forms (15-cis-phytoene and two cis-phytofluene isomers). Norflurazon concentrations, solvent carrier type and concentration, and duration of culture exposure to norflurazon were screened to optimize phytoene and phytofluene synthesis. Maximum yields of both phytoene and phytofluene were achieved after 7 days of treatment with 0.03 mg norflurazon/40 mL fresh medium, provided in 0.07% solvent carrier. Introduction of 14C-sucrose to the tomato cell culture medium enabled the production of 14C-labeled phytoene for subsequent prostate tumor cell uptake studies. In DU 145 prostate tumor cells, it was determined that 15-cis-phytoene and an oxidized product of phytoene were taken up and partially metabolized by the cells. The ability to biosynthesize, radiolabel, and isolate these carotenoids from tomato cell cultures is a novel, valuable methodology for further in vitro and in vivo investigations into the roles of phytoene and phytofluene in cancer chemoprevention.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Campbell, Jessica K. and Rogers, Randy B. and Lila, Mary Ann and Erdman, John W.}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={747–755} }
 @article{jo_gonzalez de mejia_lila_2006, title={Catalytic Inhibition of Human DNA Topoisomerase II by Interactions of Grape Cell Culture Polyphenols}, volume={54}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf052700z}, DOI={10.1021/jf052700z}, abstractNote={Previously, we isolated mixed polyphenolic fractions on a toyopearl matrix (TP-2 to TP-6) from grape cell cultures that were highly potent catalytic inhibitors in a human DNA topoisomerase II assay for cancer chemoprevention. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potency of, and potential interactions between, individual fractions and some of the purified bioactive polyphenols that comprise these fractions on human DNA topoisomerase II catalytic activity. Treatments that combined anthocyanin-rich fractions (TP-2; 0.5 or 2.0 microg of dried material/mL), fractions containing catechins, procyanidin dimers, and flavanones (TP-4; 0.25 microg of dried material/mL), and/or fractions enriched with procyanidin oligomers and polymers (TP-6; 0.15 or 0.5 microg of dried material/mL) showed additive effects toward catalytic inhibition of the enzyme. Epicatechin gallate (IC50 = 0.029 microM), myricetin (0.39 microM), procyanidin B2 (PB2, 4.5 microM), and resveratrol (65.7 microM), constituents of the most bioactive mixed fraction from grape cell culture (TP-4), each individually provided potent catalytic inhibition of topoisomerase II. In addition, potentiating interactions between the PB2 and the other polyphenolic constituents mentioned above and between myricetin and resveratrol were clearly demonstrated. A synergistic interaction between myricetin and resveratrol was also confirmed with isobolographic analysis at a molar ratio of 1:70.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Jo, Jeong-Youn and Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={2083–2087} }
 @article{aparicio-fernández_garcía-gasca_yousef_lila_gonzález de mejia_loarca-pina_2006, title={Chemopreventive Activity of Polyphenolics from Black Jamapa Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) on HeLa and HaCaT Cells}, volume={54}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf052974m}, DOI={10.1021/jf052974m}, abstractNote={The antiproliferative effects of 100% methanol crude extract and of Toyopearl and silica gel fractions from the seed coats of black Jamapa beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated using HeLa, human adenocarcinoma cells, and HaCaT, human premalignant keratinocytes. The 100% methanol crude extract [172.2 microM equiv of (+)-catechin] increased adhesion of HeLa cells; however, 3- and 5-fold higher concentrations decreased the number of cells attached as a function of the treatment time. The highest concentration tested diminished the cell adhesion until 40% (after 24 h) to almost 80% (after 72 h). The IC50 values showed that the 100% methanol crude extract was the most effective inhibitor of HeLa cell proliferation, even when it was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) [34.5 microM equiv of (+)-catechin] or in medium [97.7 microM equiv of (+)-catechin]. The Toyopearl 5 (TP5) fraction and silica gel 2 (SG2) fraction inhibited 60% of the HeLa cell proliferation. The IC50 was 154 microM equiv of (+)-catechin of the 100% methanol crude extract on HaCaT cells. Toyopearl fractions TP4 and TP6 significantly inhibited HaCaT cell proliferation, but the silica gel fractions did not have a significant effect. The 100% methanol crude extract (35 microg of dry material/mL) decreased the number of HeLa cells in the G0/G1 phase from 68.9% (for control cells) to 51.4% (for treated cells) and increased apoptosis (2.9 and 21.2% for control and treated cells, respectively). The results indicated that black Jamapa beans could be a source of polyphenolic compounds, which have an inhibitory effect toward HeLa cancer cells but are less aggressive on HaCaT premalignant cells.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Aparicio-Fernández, Xochitl and García-Gasca, Teresa and Yousef, Gad G. and Lila, Mary Ann and González de Mejia, Elvira and Loarca-Pina, Guadalupe}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={2116–2122} }
 @article{yousef_grace_cheng_belolipov_raskin_lila_2006, title={Comparative phytochemical characterization of three Rhodiola species}, volume={67}, ISSN={0031-9422}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.07.026}, DOI={10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.07.026}, abstractNote={In comparison to the well-recognized adaptogenic herb Rhodiola rosea, phytochemical constituents of two other Rhodiola species (R. heterodonta and R. semenovii) were elucidated and characterized. Two major phytochemical groups; phenolic and/or cyanogenic glycosides and proanthocyanidins, were isolated and identified in the three species. Chemical similarities among the three species were observed; however, each species displayed differences in phytochemical constituents. R. heterodonta contained a newly detected phenylethanoid glycoside, heterodontoside, in addition to the known compounds tyrosol, viridoside, salidroside, and rhodiocyanoside A. Both R. heterodonta and R. rosea contained phenylethanoid/propanoid compounds that were not detected in R. semenovii. For R. semenovii, the cyanogenic glucosides rhodiocyanoside A and lotaustralin were detected. Although the three species have proanthocyanidins composed of (-)-epigallocatechin and its 3-O-gallate esters in common, the degree of polymerization greatly differed between them. In contrast to R. heterodonta and R. semenovii, R. rosea has higher molecular weight polymeric proanthocyanidins. This study resulted in the identification and isolation of phytochemical constituents for direct cross-comparison between three Rhodiola species of medicinal and pharmacological value.}, number={21}, journal={Phytochemistry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Yousef, Gad G. and Grace, Mary H. and Cheng, Diana M. and Belolipov, Igor V. and Raskin, Ilya and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={2380–2391} }
 @article{jo_de mejia_lila_2006, title={Cytotoxicity of bioactive polymeric fractions from grape cell culture on human hepatocellular carcinoma, murine leukemia and non-cancerous PK15 kidney cells}, volume={44}, ISSN={0278-6915}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.014}, DOI={10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.014}, abstractNote={Previously, we isolated two fractions (TP-4 and TP-6) from grape cell culture that were potent catalytic inhibitors in a human DNA topoisomerase II assay for cancer chemoprevention. The objectives of this study were to further assess cytotoxicity of these fractions on cancerous and non-cancerous cells, and to subfractionate and characterize the composition of TP-6, a fraction that was selectively cytotoxic to carcinoma cell lines. Both TP-4 and TP-6 provided significant cytotoxicity to L1210 mouse leukemia cells. Only TP-6, a procyanidin-rich fraction, significantly reduced viability in HepG2 human liver cancer cells, yet unlike resveratrol, caused no cytotoxicity to non-cancerous PK15 pig kidney cells. After further subfractionation of TP-6 (maximal toxicity = 67.2%; ED(50) = 50.5 microM), the cytotoxicity of subfractions on HepG2 cells was TP-6-5 (maximal toxicity=71.8%; ED(50) = 14.1 microM), TP-6-6 (maximal toxicity=64.3%; ED(50) = 67.0 microM), and TP-6-4 (maximal toxicity = 27.6%; ED(50) = 118.0 microM) in descending order. LC-ESI/MS data suggested that cytotoxicity of these procyanidin mixtures to HepG2 cells was proportional to the degree of polymerization. Because TP-6 and its subfractions were selectively cytotoxic to cancerous cell lines tested, they warrant further investigation as potential natural anticancer agents.}, number={10}, journal={Food and Chemical Toxicology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jo, Jeong-Youn and de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2006}, month={Oct}, pages={1758–1767} }
 @article{schmidt_erdman_lila_2006, title={Differential effects of blueberry proanthocyanidins on androgen sensitive and insensitive human prostate cancer cell lines}, volume={231}, ISSN={0304-3835}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2005.02.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.canlet.2005.02.003}, abstractNote={Blueberries are rich in health-promoting polyphenolic compounds including proanthocyanidins. The purpose of this study was to determine if proanthocyanidin-rich fractions from both wild and cultivated blueberry fruit have the same inhibitory effects on the proliferation of LNCaP, an androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line, and DU145, a more aggressive androgen insensitive prostate cancer cell line. When 20 microg/ml of a wild blueberry proanthocyanidin fraction (fraction 5) was added to LNCaP media, growth was inhibited to 11% of control with an IC50 of 13.3 microg/ml. Two similar proanthocyanidin-rich fractions from cultivated blueberries (fractions 4 and 5) at the same concentration inhibited LNCaP growth to 57 and 26% of control with an IC50 of 22.7 and 5.8 microg/ml, respectively. In DU145 cells, the only fraction that significantly reduced growth compared to control was fraction 4 from cultivated blueberries with an IC50 value of 74.4 microg/ml, indicating only minor inhibitory activity. Differences in cell growth inhibition of LNCaP and DU145 cell lines by blueberry fractions rich in proanthocyanidins indicate that blueberry proanthocyanidins have an effect primarily on androgen-dependant growth of prostate cancer cells. Possible molecular mechanisms for growth inhibition are reviewed.}, number={2}, journal={Cancer Letters}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Schmidt, Barbara M. and Erdman, John W., Jr and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2006}, month={Jan}, pages={240–246} }
 @article{prasain_reppert_jones_moore ii_barnes_lila_2006, title={Identification of isoflavone glycosides inPueraria lobata cultures by tandem mass spectrometry}, volume={18}, ISSN={0958-0344 1099-1565}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.951}, DOI={10.1002/pca.951}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Phytochemical Analysis}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Prasain, Jeevan K. and Reppert, Adam and Jones, Kenneth and Moore II, D. Ray and Barnes, Stephen and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2006}, pages={50–59} }
 @article{ann lila_2006, title={The nature-versus-nurture debate on bioactive phytochemicals: the genome versus terroir}, volume={86}, ISSN={0022-5142 1097-0010}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2677}, DOI={10.1002/jsfa.2677}, abstractNote={Journal of the Science of Food and AgricultureVolume 86, Issue 15 p. 2510-2515 In Focus: Perspective The nature-versus-nurture debate on bioactive phytochemicals: the genome versus terroir Mary Ann Lila, Corresponding Author Mary Ann Lila Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 S. Dorner Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USADepartment of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 S. Dorner Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USASearch for more papers by this author Mary Ann Lila, Corresponding Author Mary Ann Lila Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 S. Dorner Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USADepartment of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 S. Dorner Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 October 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2677Citations: 33Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume86, Issue15December 2006Pages 2510-2515 RelatedInformation}, number={15}, journal={Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Ann Lila, Mary}, year={2006}, pages={2510–2515} }
 @article{aparicio-fernandez_yousef_loarca-pina_de mejia_lila_2005, title={Characterization of Polyphenolics in the Seed Coat of Black Jamapa Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)}, volume={53}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf047802o}, DOI={10.1021/jf047802o}, abstractNote={The common bean contains phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds, which can provide health benefits to the consumer. Our objective was to characterize the polyphenolic compounds present in the seed coat of Black Jamapa bean and to test fractionation methods that permit the recovery of polyphenolics in their naturally occurring forms. A 100% methanol extract from seed coats was subjected to different chromatographic fractionation methods. Analysis by HPLC-MS revealed that a better separation of phytochemicals was achieved using direct silica gel fractionation, which allowed more accurate identification of compounds, especially of the flavonols. Anthocyanins, flavanol monomers, and heterogeneous flavanol oligomers up to hexamers were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first time that myricetin glycoside and proanthocyanidin oligomers containing (epi)-gallocatechin have been reported in the black bean. The fractionation methods used in this study produced large quantities of natural mixtures of flavonoids suitable for testing bioactivity and phytochemical interactions.}, number={11}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Aparicio-Fernandez, Xochitl and Yousef, Gad G. and Loarca-Pina, Guadalupe and de Mejia, Elvira and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={4615–4622} }
 @article{jo_gonzalez de mejia_lila_2005, title={Effects of Grape Cell Culture Extracts on Human Topoisomerase II Catalytic Activity and Characterization of Active Fractions}, volume={53}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf048524w}, DOI={10.1021/jf048524w}, abstractNote={Grape and its cell culture extracts are rich in flavonoids and stilbenes that are biologically active. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible inhibitory effects of grape (a Vitis hybrid Bailey Alicant A) cell culture extract and subfractions on human DNA topoisomerase II catalytic activity and to characterize constituents in the most potent fractions. At 5 microg/mL, grape cell crude extract and Toyopearl (TP) fractions 2-6 provided significantly greater inhibition of topoisomerase II catalytic activity than quercetin, a chemopreventive agent previously known as a topoisomerase catalytic inhibitor. The most potent topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors from grape cell culture extracts in descending order of potency were TP fractions 4 and 6 (IC(50) = 0.28-0.29 microg/mL), TP-3 (IC(50) = 0.74 microg/mL), and crude extract (IC(50) = 1.02 microg/mL); each was significantly more potent than resveratrol (IC(50) = 18.0 microg/mL), another well-known chemopreventive topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor. Using both high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, constituents in TP-4 and TP-6 were characterized. These constituents included cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, malvidin-3-acetylglucoside, peonidin-3-coumaryl-5-diglucoside, procyanidin B(1), procyanidin B(2), procyanidin B(5), procyanidin dimer digallate, procyanidin C(1), myricetin, and rutin, none of which have been previously characterized from grape cell cultures. The significant potency especially of TP-4 and TP-6 from grape cell cultures suggests that these fractions may have potential as chemopreventive agents.}, number={7}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Jo, Jeong-Youn and Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={2489–2498} }
 @article{kuo_chang_lila_chiu_2005, title={Screening Growth and Root Formation in Cadmium-Treated Turfgrass Using a Whole-Plant Microculture System}, volume={28}, ISSN={0190-4167 1532-4087}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-200058903}, DOI={10.1081/PLN-200058903}, abstractNote={Abstract Pollution of water and soil by heavy-metal byproducts of mining and industrial operations is an environmental problem in many parts of Taiwan. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) are two of the most saline-tolerant warm-season turfgrasses. A whole-plant microculture (WPMC) system has been developed that permits intact-root growth observation through a gelrite-solidified culture medium. To screen efficiently for potential whole-plant-level salt tolerance in these turfgrasses, root morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Nodal explants at the same developmental stage as the plants were sterilized, and each explant was placed in a Pyrex test tube containing 25 mL of 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 30 g L− 1 sucrose, 1 mg L− 1 IBA, 0.1 mg 2ip, 2.5 g L− 1gelrite, and either 0, 1, or 100 ppm of CdCl2 stress media for five months. The experimental results demonstrated significant differences among stress media in terms of root number, root length, shoot length, nodal number, and ratio of root length to shoot length of plants. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of regenerated WPMC roots under cadmium (Cd)-free, 1, and 100 ppm of CdCl2 stress media revealed obvious morphological and adaptational differences. In this investigation, microculture at the whole-plant level in vitro enables intact root growth observations through the culture medium and vessel, and offers a potential pre-screening method for putative heavy-metal-tolerant turfgrasses before commercialization and use in phytoremediation to clean up contaminated soils.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Plant Nutrition}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Kuo, Yu-Jen and Chang, Yu-Sen and Lila, M. A. and Chiu, Hsin-Yi}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={1041–1048} }
 @article{crusak_rogers_yousef_erdman_lila_2004, title={An enclosed-chamber labeling system for the safe 14C-enrichment of phytochemicals in plant cell suspension cultures}, volume={40}, ISSN={1054-5476 1475-2689}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003484}, DOI={10.1079/IVP2003484}, abstractNote={SummaryVarious plant secondary products have been implicated in the promotion of good health or the prevention of disease in humans, but little is known about the way they are absorbed in the gut, or in which tissues they are deposited throughout the body. While these issues could be studied if the phytochemicals were isotopically labeled, generating labeled molecules often is problematic because many compounds of interest can be synthesized only in planta at present. In order to generale 14C-labeled phytochemicals of high radioactive enrichment, we developed an enclosed-chamber labeling system in which cell suspension cultures can be safely and efficiently grown when supplied with 14C-enriched precursors. The system is designed to hold culture flasks within a clear, polyacrylic compartment that is affixed to the top of a rotary shaker. The flow-through gas exchange nature of the system allows for O2 replenishment and complete capture of respired 14CO2 throughout the entire period of cell culture. Air is circulated internally with the aid of a small fan, and chamber air temperature is monitored continuously with an internal temperature probe and data logger. Production runs of 12–14 d with Vaccinium pahalae (ohelo berry) and Vitis vinifera (grape) suspension cultures, using [14C]sucrose as the carbon source, demonstrated a 20–23% efficiency of 14C incorporation into the flavonoid-rich fractions. Further studies with ohelo cell cultures showed that flavonoids were produced with either sucrose or glucose as the carbohydrate source, although flavonoid productivity (measured as anthocyanins) was higher with sucrose. This comprehensive chamber system should have broad applicability with numerous cell types and can be used to generate a wide array of labeled phytochemicals.}, number={1}, journal={In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Crusak, Michael A. and Rogers, Randy B. and Yousef, Gad C. and Erdman, John W., Jr. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2004}, month={Jan}, pages={80–85} }
 @article{yousef_seigler_grusak_rogers_knight_kraft_erdman_lila_2004, title={Biosynthesis and Characterization of14C-Enriched Flavonoid Fractions from Plant Cell Suspension Cultures}, volume={52}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf035371o}, DOI={10.1021/jf035371o}, abstractNote={A range of radiolabeled anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and other flavonoids were accumulated by cell suspension cultures of two plant species, ohelo (Vaccinium pahalae) and grape (a Vitis hybrid, Bailey Alicant A), after providing uniformly labeled [(14)C]sucrose to the medium. Approximately 15% of administered label was recovered in a series of flavonoid-rich fractions varying in composition. Anthocyanins, and monomers to oligomers of proanthocyanidins, were labeled effectively and characterized from both species. Most of the proanthocyanidin oligomers were based on the flavan-3-ols (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. Cyanidin and peonidin glycosides were the dominant forms of anthocyanins in both species. Whereas the predominant form of flavonoids identified from ohelo cell cultures was proanthocyanidins, grape cell cultures produced mostly anthocyanins. The labeled phytochemicals were produced for use in subsequent in vivo animal feeding studies to gauge their bioavailability and accumulation in target organs.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Yousef, Gad G. and Seigler, David S. and Grusak, Michael A. and Rogers, Randy B. and Knight, Christopher T. G. and Kraft, Tristan F. B. and Erdman, John W. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={1138–1145} }
 @article{schmidt_howell_mceniry_knight_seigler_erdman,_lila_2004, title={Effective Separation of Potent Antiproliferation and Antiadhesion Components from Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAit.) Fruits}, volume={52}, ISSN={0021-8561 1520-5118}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf049238n}, DOI={10.1021/jf049238n}, abstractNote={Extracts from wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were separated into proanthocyanidin-rich fractions using liquid vacuum and open column chromatography on Toyopearl and Sephadex LH-20, respectively. Fractions were characterized using analytical tools including mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy; fraction composition was correlated with bioactivity using antiproliferation and antiadhesion in vitro assays. There was a significant positive correlation between proanthocyanidin content of different fractions and biological activity in both the antiproliferation and antiadhesion assays. Two fractions containing primarily 4-->8-linked oligomeric proanthocyanidins with average degrees of polymerization (DPn) of 3.25 and 5.65 inhibited adhesion of Escherichia coli responsible for urinary tract infections. Only the fraction with a DPn of 5.65 had significant antiproliferation activity against human prostate and mouse liver cancer cell lines. These findings suggest both antiadhesion and antiproliferation activity are associated with high molecular weight proanthocyanidin oligomers found in wild blueberry fruits.}, number={21}, journal={Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Schmidt, Barbara M. and Howell, Amy B. and McEniry, Brian and Knight, Christopher T. and Seigler, David and Erdman,, John W. and Lila, Mary Ann}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={6433–6442} }