@article{sarmin_jawaid_ismail_hashem_fouad_midani_salim_2023, title={Effect of chitosan filler on the thermal and viscoelasticity properties of bio-epoxy/date palm fiber composites}, volume={36}, ISSN={["2352-5541"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101275}, DOI={10.1016/j.scp.2023.101275}, abstractNote={The present study focuses on the efficacy of incorporating a combination of date palm fibres (DP) and chitosan (CTS) filler in bio-epoxy composites for engineering applications. In this research work, chitosan serves as bio-filler to enhance the viscoelasticity and thermal properties of composites made from bio-epoxy/date palm fiber through DMA and thermogravimetry analysis. Four different amounts of chitosan powder (5,10,15,20%wt) were incorporated into a bio-epoxy/date palm fiber composite. A bio-epoxy/date palm fiber composite without chitosan filler was made for comparison purposes. With the addition of chitosan bio-filler, the storage modulus of the bio-epoxy/date palm fiber composite increased, with the exception of composite containing 5% CTS. Comparing 20% chitosan filler to without chitosan composite, the damping factor (Tan δ) increases from 0.34 to 0.39. Thermogravimetric analysis performed on composites showed that the presence of chitosan influences the thermal properties of the composites. The composite containing 20% CTS demonstrated the greatest improvement in thermal stability. These DMA and TGA results validate the positive thermal and viscoelastic properties of chitosan-incorporated bio-epoxy/date palm fibre composites. Based on the findings, bio-epoxy/date palm fiber with chitosan filled can be used in a variety of lightweight engineering applications with great success.}, journal={SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Sarmin, Siti Noorbaini and Jawaid, Mohammad and Ismail, Ahmad Safwan and Hashem, Mohamed and Fouad, Hassan and Midani, Mohamad and Salim, Nurjannah}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @misc{smith_hashem_hauser_2007, title={Product and method for treating cotton}, volume={7,166,135}, number={2007 Jan. 23}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Smith, C. B. and Hashem, M. M. and Hauser, P. J.}, year={2007} }
 @article{hauser_hashem_smith_2003, title={Ionic crosslinking of cotton}, volume={7}, DOI={10.1108/rjta-07-01-2003-b001}, abstractNote={Cellulose crosslinking is a very important textile chemical process, and is the basis for a vast array of durable press and crease-resistant finished textile products. Formaldehydecontaining N-methylol crosslinkers give fabrics desirable properties of mechanical stability (e.g., crease resistance, anti-curl, shrinkage resistance, durable-press), but also impart a loss of strength and the potential to release formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. Other systems, such as polycarboxylic acids, have been tested with varying degrees of success. We have developed methods of forming ionic crosslinks that provide outstanding performance in crease angle recovery while completely retaining the strength of treated goods, without the potential to release any reactive materials of low molecular weight, such as formaldehyde.}, number={1}, journal={Research Journal of Textile & Apparel}, author={Hauser, P. J. and Hashem, M. and Smith, C. B.}, year={2003}, pages={1–7} }
 @article{hashem_hauser_smith_2003, title={Reaction efficiency for cellulose cationization using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750307301113}, abstractNote={ A major cost factor of cationizing cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHTAC) is the reaction efficiency, which is less than perfect due to a competing hydrolysis reaction. The efficiency of the cationization reaction sequence is analyzed in terms of chemical kinetics, and experimental results are presented for several reaction methods including pad-batch, pad-steam, pad-dry-steam, exhaust, and pad-dry- cure. The effects of CHTAC and alkali concentrations, additives to the treatment bath, pretreatments, time, temperature, reaction method, and sequence of events are investigated in terms of percent fixation of CHTAC. In addition, data are presented for the reaction in non-aqueous solvents. }, number={11}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Hashem, M and Hauser, P and Smith, B}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={1017–1023} }
 @article{hashem_hauser_smith_2003, title={Wrinkle recovery for cellulosic fabric by means of ionic crosslinking}, volume={73}, DOI={10.1177/004051750307300903}, abstractNote={ Methods are developed for imparting crease angle recovery performance to cellulosic fabrics based on durable ionic crosslinks. These methods, which avoid the formaldehyde release of conventional finishes, include treating cellulose with chloroacetic acid (or an other reactive anion) and cationized chitosan (or another polycation). Alternative methods include treating cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or another cationization reagent) and a polyanion, or with chloroacetic acid and 3-chloro- 2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. A method for producing highly cationic chitosan is also presented. Crease angle recovery and strength data are correlated to the amount of polyelectrolyte add-on. }, number={9}, journal={Textile Research Journal}, author={Hashem, A. and Hauser, P. and Smith, B.}, year={2003}, pages={762–766} }