@inbook{heuvelink_okello_peet_giovannoni_dorais_2020, title={Tomato.}, ISBN={9781786393777}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393777.0138}, DOI={10.1079/9781786393777.0138}, abstractNote={Abstract
 This chapter focuses on the history and botany, global industry, model plant species, genetics, plant breeding, biotechonology, plant development, vegetative growth, reproductive growth, fruit growth, fruit quality components, and environmental and cultural factors affecting growth and productivity of tomato.}, booktitle={The physiology of vegetable crops}, publisher={CABI}, author={Heuvelink, Ep and Okello, Robert C.O. and Peet, Mary and Giovannoni, James J. and Dorais, Martine}, year={2020}, pages={138–178} }
 @article{niedziela_depa_nelson_willits_peet_dickey_mingis_2018, title={Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Mineral Content in Chrysanthemum Allowing for Growth as a Covariate}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2327-9834"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci12425-17}, abstractNote={The effect of CO2 concentration (330 and 675 μL·L−1) and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (mean daily peaks of 550–1400 μmol·m−2·s−1) on total mineral contents in shoots was studied in chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat) Kitam ‘Fiesta’] during three times of the year. Growth (as measured by shoot dry weight) and shoot mineral contents (weight of nutrient per shoot) of hydroponically grown plants were analyzed after 5 weeks. There was a positive synergistic interaction of CO2 concentration and PPF on growth with the greatest growth at high PPF (1400 μmol·m−2·s−1) with high CO2 (675 μL·L−1). When growth was not used as a covariate in the statistical model, both CO2 concentration and PPF significantly affected the content of all eight nutrients. However, after growth was included as a covariate in the model, nutrients were classified into three categories based on whether CO2 concentration and PPF level were needed in addition to growth to predict shoot nutrient content. Neither CO2 concentration nor PPF level was needed for Mg, Fe, and Mn contents, whereas PPF level was needed for N, P, K, and Ca contents, and both CO2 concentration and PPF level were required for B content.}, number={1}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. and Depa, Mary A. and Nelson, Paul V. and Willits, Daniel H. and Peet, Mary M. and Dickey, David A. and Mingis, Nancy C.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={73–77} }
 @inbook{kubota_gelder_peet_2018, title={Greenhouse tomato production.}, ISBN={9781780641935}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780641935.0276}, DOI={10.1079/9781780641935.0276}, abstractNote={Abstract}, booktitle={Tomatoes}, publisher={CABI}, author={Kubota, C. and Gelder, A. de and Peet, M. M.}, year={2018}, month={Aug}, pages={276–313} }
 @article{rivard_s. o'connell_peet_welker_louws_2012, title={Grafting Tomato to Manage Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in the Southeastern United States}, volume={96}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/pdis-12-10-0877}, abstractNote={ Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, can result in severe losses to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growers in the southeastern United States, and grafting with resistant rootstocks may be an effective strategy for managing this disease. However, R. solanacearum populations maintain considerable diversity, and little information is known regarding the efficacy of commercially available rootstocks to reduce bacterial wilt incidence and subsequent crop loss in the United States. In this study, tomato plants grafted onto ‘Dai Honmei’ and ‘RST-04-105-T’ rootstocks had significantly lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values compared with nongrafted plants (P < 0.05). Across three locations in North Carolina, final bacterial wilt incidence for non- and self-grafted plants was 82 ± 14 to 100%. In contrast, bacterial wilt incidence for the grafted plants was 0 to 65 ± 21%. Final bacterial wilt incidence of plants grafted with Dai Honmei rootstock was 0 and 13 ± 3% at two locations in western North Carolina but 50 ± 3% at a third site in eastern North Carolina. Similarly, grafting onto RST-04-105-T rootstock significantly reduced AUDPC values at two of the three locations (P < 0.05) compared with that of the nongrafted plants, but performed poorly at the third site. Total fruit yields were significantly increased by grafting onto resistant rootstocks at all three sites (P < 0.05). Regression analyses indicated that yield was significantly negatively correlated with bacterial wilt AUDPC values (R2 was 0.4048 to 0.8034), and the use of resistant rootstocks enabled economically viable tomato production in soils naturally infested with R. solanacearum. }, number={7}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Rivard, C. L. and S. O'Connell and Peet, M. M. and Welker, R. M. and Louws, F. J.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={973–978} }
 @article{rivard_sydorovych_o'connell_peet_louws_2010, title={An Economic Analysis of Two Grafted Tomato Transplant Production Systems in the United States}, volume={20}, ISSN={["1943-7714"]}, DOI={10.21273/horttech.20.4.794}, abstractNote={The grafting of herbaceous vegetables is an emerging development in the United States. This report provides an estimate of the variable costs of grafting within U.S. tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) transplant production systems. Grafted and nongrafted plants were propagated at two commercial farming operations in Ivanhoe, NC (NC) and Strasburg, PA (PA) and the farm in NC produced certified organic transplants. Detailed economic production sequences were generated for each site, and grafted and nongrafted transplant production costs were $0.59 and $0.13 in NC, and $1.25 and $0.51 in PA, respectively. Direct costs associated with grafting (e.g., grafting labor, clips, chamber, etc.) accounted for 37% to 38% of the added cost of grafting, and grafting labor was 11.1% to 14.4% of the cost of grafted transplant production. Seed costs represented 52% and 33% of the added cost of grafting at the two sites, and indirect costs (e.g., soil, trays, and heating) accounted for 10% and 30% of the added cost of grafting. Our findings suggest that under current seed prices and with similar production practices, the feasibility of grafting in the United States is not disproportionately affected by domestic labor costs. Additionally, the economic models presented in this report identify the cost of production at various transplant stages, and provide a valuable tool for growers interested in grafted tomato transplant production and utilization.}, number={4}, journal={HORTTECHNOLOGY}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Rivard, Cary L. and Sydorovych, Olha and O'Connell, Suzanne and Peet, Mary M. and Louws, Frank J.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={794–803} }
 @article{rivard_s. o'connell_peet_louws_2010, title={Grafting Tomato with Interspecific Rootstock to Manage Diseases Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and Southern Root-Knot Nematode}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1943-7692"]}, DOI={10.1094/pdis-94-8-1015}, abstractNote={ Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause severe damage to fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) throughout the southeastern United States. Grafting is an emerging technology in U.S. tomato production, and growers require information regarding the resistance characteristics conferred by rootstocks. In this study, southern blight (SB) and root-knot nematodes (RKN) were effectively managed using interspecific hybrid rootstocks. During 2007 and 2008, field trials were carried out at two locations that had soils naturally infested with S. rolfsii. At the end of the growing seasons, the mean SB incidence of nongrafted plants was 27 and 79% at the two sites. SB incidence among plants grafted onto rootstock cultivars Big Power (one location only), Beaufort, and Maxifort ranged from 0 to 5%, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were lower than for nongrafted and self-grafted controls (P < 0.01). At one location, soils were naturally infested with RKN, and all three rootstocks reduced RKN AUDPC and RKN soil populations at first harvest (P < 0.01). Big Power was particularly effective at reducing RKN galling and RKN soil populations at final fruit harvest (P < 0.01). Fruit yield was higher when resistant rootstocks were utilized (P < 0.05), and in our study grafting was effective at maintaining crop productivity in soils infested with S. rolfsii and M. incognita. }, number={8}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, publisher={Scientific Societies}, author={Rivard, C. L. and S. O'Connell and Peet, M. M. and Louws, F. J.}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={1015–1021} }
 @inproceedings{rivard_louws_o'connell_peet_2009, title={Grafting tomato with inter-specific rootstock provides effective management for southern blight and root-knot nematodes}, volume={99}, number={6s}, booktitle={Phytopathology}, author={Rivard, C.L. and Louws, F.J. and O'Connell, S. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={S109} }
 @inproceedings{rivard_louws_peet_o'connell_2008, title={High tunnels and grafting for disease management in organic tomato production}, volume={98}, booktitle={Phytopathology}, author={Rivard, C.L. and Louws, F.J. and Peet, M.M. and O'Connell, S.}, year={2008}, pages={S133} }
 @inproceedings{peet_o'connell_rivard_louws_harlow_2008, title={Improving Performance of Organic Heirloom Tomatoes Using High tunnels and Grafting}, author={Peet, M.M. and O'Connell, S. and Rivard, C. and Louws, F. and Harlow, C.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{o’connell_peet_2008, title={Nutrient uptake efficiency and plant growth indicators of grafted tomatoes}, volume={43}, booktitle={HortScience}, author={O’Connell, S. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2008}, pages={627} }
 @article{peet_larrea_harlow_2008, title={TOMATO SEED GERMINATION IN ORGANIC MIXES: ROLE OF EC AND MIX COMPONENTS}, volume={9}, ISSN={0567-7572 2406-6168}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.797.56}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2008.797.56}, number={797}, journal={Acta Horticulturae}, publisher={International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)}, author={Peet, M.M. and Larrea, E.S. and Harlow, C.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={393–398} }
 @inproceedings{o’connell_peet_harlow_louws_rivard_2008, title={The performance of grafted heirloom tomatoes in organic production systems: High- tunnels and the open field}, volume={43}, booktitle={HortScience}, author={O’Connell, S. and Peet, M. and Harlow, C. and Louws, F. and Rivard, C.}, year={2008}, pages={1260} }
 @inproceedings{peet_rivard_o'connell_louws_harlow_2008, title={Use of High Tunnels and Grafting for Organic Production of Heirloom Tomatoes in North Carolina}, author={Peet, M. and Rivard, C. and O'Connell, S. and Louws, F. and Harlow, C.}, year={2008} }
 @inproceedings{rivard_peet_louws_2007, title={Disease management and crop productivity utilizing grafted tomatoes}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reduction}, author={Rivard, C.L. and Peet, M.M. and Louws, F.J.}, year={2007}, pages={61/1–61/3} }
 @inproceedings{louws_rivard_peet_2007, title={Grafting for High Tunnel production of Organic Heirloom Tomato}, volume={9}, booktitle={Southeast Vegetable & Fruit Expo 2007 Yearbook}, author={Louws, F. and Rivard, C. and Peet, M.}, year={2007}, pages={49–50} }
 @inproceedings{rivard_o'connell_peet_louws_2007, title={High Tunnel Research and Grafting Tomatoes}, author={Rivard, C.L. and O'Connell, S. and Peet, M.M. and Louws, F.J.}, year={2007} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2007, place={Hershey, Pa}, title={Organic Greenhouse Production}, author={Peet, M.}, year={2007} }
 @book{willits_teitel_tanny_peet_cohen_matan_2006, title={Final Scientific Report Comparing the performance of naturally ventilated and fan-ventilated greenhouses}, number={US-3189-01}, author={Willits, D.H. and Teitel, M. and Tanny, J. and Peet, M.M. and Cohen, S. and Matan, E.}, year={2006} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2006, title={Greenhouse tomatoes: Profitable and practical for you?}, volume={8}, booktitle={North Carolina Vegetable Growers Association 2006 Yearbook}, author={Peet, M.}, year={2006}, pages={57} }
 @inproceedings{sanders_peet_osborne_kornegay_dole_2006, title={Horticultural Science distance education graduate certificate at North Carolina State University, USA}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition}, author={Sanders, D.C. and Peet, M.M. and Osborne, D.J. and Kornegay, J.L. and Dole, J.M.}, year={2006}, pages={399} }
 @inproceedings{peet_rippy_harlow_2006, title={Optimizing substrates and fertilization for production of greenhouse tomatoes using organic practices}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition}, author={Peet, M.M. and Rippy, J.F.M. and Harlow, C.}, year={2006}, pages={175–176} }
 @inproceedings{larrea_peet_harlow_2006, title={Optimizing substrates for producing tomato transplants utilizing organic practices: Seedling germination, growth, and nutrition and media characteristics in commercial and custom blended mixes}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 27th International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition}, author={Larrea, E.S. and Peet, M.M. and Harlow, C.D.}, year={2006}, pages={199} }
 @article{peet_2006, title={Plant physiological and production practices under controlled environment greenhouse systems}, volume={710}, ISBN={["90-6605-519-7"]}, ISSN={["2406-6168"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2006.710.5}, abstractNote={ISHS International Symposium on Greenhouses, Environmental Controls and In-house Mechanization for Crop Production in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION PRACTICES UNDER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT GREENHOUSE SYSTEMS}, number={710}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GREENHOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS AND IN-HOUSE MECHANIZATION FOR CROP PRODUCTION IN THE TROPICS AND SUB-TROPICS}, author={Peet, Mary M.}, year={2006}, pages={79–87} }
 @article{firon_shaked_peet_pharr_zamski_rosenfeld_althan_pressman_2006, title={Pollen grains of heat tolerant tomato cultivars retain higher carbohydrate concentration under heat stress conditions}, volume={109}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2006.03.007}, abstractNote={Exposure to high temperatures (heat stress) causes reduced yield in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), mainly by affecting male gametophyte development. Two experiments were conducted where several tomato cultivars were grown under heat stress, in growth chambers (day/night temperatures of 31/25 °C) or in greenhouses (day/night temperatures of 32/26 °C), or under control (day/night temperatures of 28/22 °C) conditions. In heat-sensitive cultivars, heat stress caused a reduction in the number of pollen grains, impaired their viability and germinability, caused reduced fruit set and markedly reduced the numbers of seeds per fruit. In the heat-tolerant cultivars, however, the number and quality of pollen grains, the number of fruits and the number of seeds per fruit were less affected by high temperatures. In all the heat-sensitive cultivars, the heat-stress conditions caused a marked reduction in starch concentration in the developing pollen grains at 3 days before anthesis, and a parallel decrease in the total soluble sugar concentration in the mature pollen, whereas in the four heat-tolerant cultivars tested, starch accumulation at 3 days before anthesis and soluble sugar concentration at anthesis were not affected by heat stress. These results indicate that the carbohydrate content of developing and mature tomato pollen grains may be an important factor in determining pollen quality, and suggest that heat-tolerant cultivars have a mechanism for maintaining the appropriate carbohydrate content under heat stress.}, number={3}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Firon, N. and Shaked, R. and Peet, M. M. and Pharr, D. M. and Zamski, E. and Rosenfeld, K. and Althan, L. and Pressman, E.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={212–217} }
 @article{peet_whipker_dole_bilderback_2006, title={The importance of high quality irrigation water in your crop}, volume={10}, number={4}, journal={The Tomato Magazine}, author={Peet, M. and Whipker, B. and Dole, J. and Bilderback, T.}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={8–12} }
 @inproceedings{sanders_osborne_peet_dole_kornegay_2005, title={A New Horticultural Science Distance Education Graduate Certificate Program}, author={Sanders, Douglas C. and Osborne, Dennis J. and Peet, Mary M. and Dole, John M. and Kornegay, Julia L.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{kim_harlow_peet_2005, title={Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) Propagation and Growth in Perlite Hydroponic Systems}, author={Kim, H.-J. and Harlow, C. and Peet, M.}, year={2005} }
 @article{sato_peet_2005, title={Effects of moderately elevated temperature stress on the timing of pollen release and its germination in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)}, volume={80}, ISSN={["1462-0316"]}, DOI={10.1080/14620316.2005.11511885}, abstractNote={Summary Under the increasing threat of global warming to horticultural crop production, research on moderately elevated temperature stress in relation to plant productivity becomes important and urgent. Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars, ‘NC 8288’ (a high temperature-susceptible cultivar) and ‘FLA 7156’ (a high temperature-tolerant cultivar) were exposed to a moderate level of high temperature stress. Reproductive development (i.e. pollen production, germination and release) in relation to anthesis, was examined under 28°/22°C and 32°/26°C day/night temperatures, respectively. High temperature stress reduced the number of pollen grains released, but not the timing of pollen release. Reductions in pollen release and germination were observed in both tolerant and susceptible cultivars; however, the magnitude of the reduction was larger in the susceptible cultivar. Furthermore, pollen grains retained in the anthers exhibited extremely poor germination. These results suggest that the pollen release mechanism and the quality of the pollen grain are closely related. Possible adverse effects of global warming on tomato productivity, and a potential breeding strategy for high temperature tolerant tomato lines are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Sato, S and Peet, MM}, year={2005}, month={Jan}, pages={23–28} }
 @inbook{peet_2005, place={Wallingford, U.K.}, title={Greenhouse production}, booktitle={Tomato}, publisher={CABI Publishing}, author={Peet, M.M.}, editor={Heuvelink, E.P.Editor}, year={2005}, pages={257–304} }
 @inbook{peet_2005, title={Greenhouse tomato production}, ISBN={0851993966}, booktitle={Tomatoes}, publisher={CAB International}, author={Peet, M. M.}, year={2005} }
 @inbook{peet_2005, title={Irrigation and fertilization}, ISBN={0851993966}, DOI={10.1079/9780851993966.0171}, abstractNote={Abstract}, booktitle={Tomatoes}, publisher={CAB International}, author={Peet, Mary}, year={2005} }
 @article{harlow_peet_larrea_2005, title={Modifying fruit quality in greenhouse tomato cultivars with NaCl additions}, volume={28}, number={9}, journal={Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers News}, author={Harlow, C.D. and Peet, M.M. and Larrea, E.S.}, year={2005} }
 @inproceedings{harlow_peet_larrea_2005, title={Modifying fruit quality in greenhouse tomato cultivars with NaCl additions}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 32nd National Agricultural Plastics Congress}, author={Harlow, C.D. and Peet, M.M. and Larrea, E.S.}, year={2005}, pages={45–50} }
 @inproceedings{larrea_peet_harlow_2005, title={Selecting Substrates for Organic Transplant Production}, booktitle={Proceedings of the 32nd National Agricultural Plastics Congress}, author={Larrea, E.S. and Peet, M.M. and Harlow, C.D.}, year={2005}, pages={58–64} }
 @article{peet_2005, place={August}, title={The search for a better tasting tomato}, journal={The Tomato Magazine}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={12–15} }
 @inproceedings{kim_harlow_peet_2005, title={Tomato Cultivar Differences in Ion Uptake and Growth in Closed Hydroponic Culture}, author={Kim, H.-J. and Harlow, C. and Peet, M.}, year={2005} }
 @article{sato_peet_gardner_2004, title={Altered flower retention and developmental patterns in nine tomato cultivars under elevated temperature}, volume={101}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.scienta.2003.10.008}, abstractNote={Moderately elevated temperature effects on flower development were examined in nine tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Plants were grown under high (HT, 32/28 °C day/night temperatures) and control (CT, 26/22 °C) temperature conditions. Fate of flowers developed was categorized as seeded fruit, parthenocarpic fruit, undeveloped flowers, or aborted flowers. Although HT decreased seeded fruit set in all nine cultivars, the degree of sensitivity and the pattern of reaction to the elevated temperature differed among cultivars. FLA7156 was the most tolerant cultivar, although under HT seeded fruit set was less than half that at CT (22.5% compared to 46.8%). The remaining cultivars had very few or no seeded fruit set at all at HT. The percentage of parthenocarpic fruit increased at HT compared to CT in all cultivars. Aborted flowers also increased in FLA7156, NC8288, NCHS1 and NC46E, but did not change in ‘Piedmont’, NC279HS, and NC403HS, or decreased in ‘Fresh Market 9’ and TH318. Reduction of flower abortion and increase of parthenocarpic fruit set can be advantageous traits for breeding of high temperature tolerant tomato cultivars.}, number={1-2}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Sato, S and Peet, MM and Gardner, RG}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={95–101} }
 @inproceedings{bell_peet_hinesley_2004, title={Alternative production of Atlantic white cedar and other native plants for wetlands and stream restoration in North Carolina}, volume={49}, booktitle={Southern Nursery Association Research Conference}, author={Bell, Andrew C.Peet and Peet, Mary M. and Hinesley, L. Eric}, year={2004}, pages={353–355} }
 @article{ponce_peet_harlow_cheng_willits_2004, title={Assessment of swine waste bioremediation using greenhouse tomatoes}, ISBN={["90-6605-627-4"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.633.51}, abstractNote={ISHS XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Protected Cultivation 2002: In Search of Structures, Systems and Plant Materials for Sustainable Greenhouse Production ASSESSMENT OF SWINE WASTE BIOREMEDIATION USING GREENHOUSE TOMATOES}, number={633}, journal={PROTECTED CULTIVATION 2002: IN SEARCH OF STRUCTURES, SYSTEMS AND PLANT MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION}, author={Ponce, KH and Peet, MM and Harlow, CD and Cheng, J and Willits, DH}, year={2004}, pages={415–423} }
 @article{harlow_larrea_peet*_2004, title={Developing Value-added Practices and Branding for High-Sugar Tomatoes}, volume={39}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.777d}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.39.4.777d}, abstractNote={Research was initiated at the N.C. State Univ. Horticultural Field Laboratory, Raleigh, to identify cultural practices and tomato cultivars giving superior taste under North Carolina greenhouse conditions. The specialty cultivars `67', `Diana', `Elegance', `Momotaro', and `S630' were grown and harvested, as well as `Trust', which is grown on 85% of the North American greenhouse tomato acreage. Additionally, two fertilizer regimes were provided to the plants: standard greenhouse tomato fertilization (EC ≈1.75 dS·m-1) or high fertilization (EC ≈3.75 dS·m-1). Fertilizers were the same in both treatments. Seeds were started in October 2002 and transplanted, 2 per pot, into `Bato' buckets containing perlite in November. Standard cultural practices were followed, and plants were fertigated using the Harrow Fertigation Manager™ system. Taste tests conducted on three dates revealed differences among cultivars, with `67', `Elegance' and `Momotaro' consistently scoring well. Overall, all test varieties were scored higher than `Trust'; however flavor was somewhat less sweet than anticipated, especially early in the season, averaging 2-3 on a scale of 5, where 5 was “best”. No significant differences were seen between the standard and high fertilization treatments. Differences in total harvest weight were seen among cultivars. `Elegance' and `67' produced fruit consistently well through the harvest season, while the remaining cultivars' yields were sporadic. Harvested fruit were homogenized, and Brix was measured as an indicator of fruit quality. Significant differences in Brix were seen among the cultivars, with `67' significantly higher than all other varieties and `Elegance' and `Momotaro' higher than the remaining cultivars. All specialty cultivars had higher °Brix than `Trust'.}, number={4}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Harlow, Christopher D. and Larrea, Elizabeth S. and Peet*, Mary M.}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={777D–777} }
 @article{krug_whipker_peet_2004, title={Fertilizer mixing calculator}, journal={Greenhouse management & production : GM PRO}, author={Krug, B.A. and Whipker, B.E. and Peet, M.}, year={2004}, month={Feb}, pages={41–45} }
 @article{peet_harlow_larrea_2004, title={Fruit quality and yield in five small-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivars under high fertilization regime}, volume={659}, ISBN={["90-6605-259-7"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.659.105}, abstractNote={Research was initiated in Fall 2002 to identify greenhouse tomato cultivars and fertilization practices which would result in superior fruit quality under Southeastern United States winter/spring conditions. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. ‘67’, ‘Diana’, ’Elegance’, ‘Momotaro’, and ‘S630’ were compared to the larger beefsteak cultivar ‘Trust’ under standard (EC≈1.90 dSm1) or high (EC≈3.75 dSm-1) fertilizer concentration. Seeds were started in October 2002 and transplanted, 2 per pot, into Bato® buckets containing perlite in November. Taste tests conducted on three dates revealed differences among cultivars, with ‘67’, ‘Elegance’ and ‘Momotaro’ consistently scoring well and ‘Trust’ scoring lowest. No significant differences occurred between fertilization treatments during taste tests. All cultivar taste ratings increased from early to late spring harvests. Highest total fruit production occurred in ‘Elegance’ and ‘Momotaro’, but cracking reduced marketable yield in ‘Momotaro’. Fruit yield was significantly lower for the high fertilizer concentration than the standard concentration for all months except the first. After each harvest, fruit were frozen for later determination of Brix, EC and pH. Significant differences in Brix were seen between the standard and high fertilizer concentration treatments, with the high concentration higher than the standard concentration at all harvest periods. Significant differences in Brix were seen among the cultivars, with ‘67’ and ‘Elegance’ significantly higher than all other varieties and ‘Momotaro’ higher than the remaining cultivars including ‘Trust’, which ranked lowest. Cultivar differences in measured Brix and excellence ratings from taste tests were highly correlated; cultivar differences in fruit pH and EC were less consistent and did not appear closely related to taste panel evaluations.}, number={659}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN MILD WINTER CLIMATES: PRODUCTION, PEST MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITION, VOLS 1 AND 2}, author={Peet, MM and Harlow, CD and Larrea, ES}, year={2004}, pages={811–818} }
 @inproceedings{peet_harlow_larrea_2004, title={Fruit quality and yield in six small-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivars under high fertilization regime}, author={Peet, M.M. and Harlow, C.D. and Larrea, E.S.}, year={2004} }
 @article{peet_2004, title={Organic Greenhouse crop production}, volume={24}, journal={Greenhouse Canada}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2004}, pages={30–33} }
 @article{peet_rippy_nelson_catignani_2004, title={Organic production of greenhouse tomatoes utilizing the bag system and soluble organic fertilizers}, volume={659}, ISBN={["90-6605-259-7"]}, ISSN={["0567-7572"]}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2004.659.92}, abstractNote={ISHS VII International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climates: Production, Pest Management and Global Competition ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF GREENHOUSE TOMATOES UTILIZING THE BAG SYSTEM AND SOLUBLE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS}, number={659}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIITH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN MILD WINTER CLIMATES: PRODUCTION, PEST MANAGEMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITION, VOLS 1 AND 2}, author={Peet, MM and Rippy, JM and Nelson, PV and Catignani, GL}, year={2004}, pages={707–719} }
 @inproceedings{peet_rippy_nelson_2004, title={Organic production of greenhouse tomatoes utilizing the bag system and soluble organic fertilizers}, author={Peet, M.M. and Rippy, J.M. and Nelson, P.V.}, year={2004} }
 @article{rippy_peet_louws_nelson_orr_sorensen_2004, title={Plant development and harvest yields of greenhouse tomatoes in six organic growing systems}, volume={39}, number={2}, journal={HortScience}, author={Rippy, J. F. M. and Peet, M. M. and Louws, F. J. and Nelson, P. V. and Orr, D. B. and Sorensen, K. A.}, year={2004}, pages={223–229} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_peet_willits_2004, title={Swine wastewater treatment and reclamation}, volume={1}, booktitle={Progress on bioproducts processing and food safety, selected papers from the 1st International Conference of CIGR section VI on bioproducts processing and food safety, Beijing, China, 11-14 October 2004}, author={Cheng, J. J. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2004} }
 @inproceedings{snyder_ingram_layton_hood_peet_donnell_giacomelli_kemble_harris_killebrew_2004, title={Targeted Horticultural Education With The Greenhouse Tomato Short Course}, author={Snyder, Richard G. and Ingram, David and Layton, Blake and Hood, Ken and Peet, Mary and Donnell, Mary and Giacomelli, Gene and Kemble, Joe and Harris, Pat and Killebrew, Frank}, year={2004} }
 @misc{cheng_shearin_peet_willits_2004, title={Utilization of treated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production}, volume={50}, ISSN={["0273-1223"]}, DOI={10.2166/wst.2004.0093}, abstractNote={An integrated system has been developed to recycle waste organics and treated wastewater from a swine farm to make value-added products and to protect the environment from potential contamination. The farm is a farrow-to-wean swine operation with approximately 4,000 sows. A high-strength wastewater (chemical oxygen demand, 18,000 mg/l; total Khejdal nitrogen, 1,600 mg/l; total phosphorus, 360 mg/l) is produced from the swine operation. An ambient-temperature anaerobic digester has been used to treat the swine wastewater and to produce biogas (from an average 475 m3/day in winter to 950 m3/day in summer). The biogas is combusted in an engine to produce electricity (around 900 kW-hr/day). The digester effluent that is rich in nutrients (N, P, and minerals) is then utilized for fertigation for greenhouse tomato production. A trickling nitrification biofilter has been developed to convert ammonium in the effluent into nitrate. The nitrified anaerobic effluent is used as both fertilizer and irrigation water for approximately 14,400 tomato plants in greenhouses. Experimental data indicate that the tomato greenhouses have used approximately 12 m3 of the effluent and 3.84 kg nitrogen per day. At the same time, the greenhouses have a daily yield of 520 kg (37 g/plant) of marketable fruit.}, number={2}, journal={WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Cheng, J and Shearin, TE and Peet, MM and Willits, DH}, year={2004}, pages={77–82} }
 @article{bell_peet*_2004, title={Utilizing Tobacco Greenhouses for Producing Plants for Environmental Restoration}, volume={39}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.786c}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.39.4.786c}, abstractNote={Environmental restoration of streams and wetlands in North Carolina is creating a growing demand for commercially available native plant material. Recent changes in the tobacco industry have resulted in decreased production leaving some tobacco greenhouses, once utilized for a few months, empty year-round. Identifying alternative crops that can be grown in tobacco greenhouses will provide valuable income to economically distressed tobacco growers. The floatation system (sub-irrigation) employed in the production of tobacco transplants in greenhouses is similar to that utilized by some native plant nurseries to produce wetland and riparian species. Local production of this plant material can enhance restoration project goals by increasing utilization of regional germplasm in this industry and reducing the risk of importing exotic pests with material shipped from out-of-state. To research these possibilities, we constructed a demonstration tobacco greenhouse with multiple float beds. Three commercially available media, including a tobacco seedling mixture, were tested. No differences were observed among the plants grown in different media. After one growing season, we have identified close to 20 species, woody and herbaceous, that can be successfully grown in a traditional tobacco greenhouse with minimal input or alternation to the structure or normal production practices. Additional research is needed, however, to address optimal production criteria.}, number={4}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Bell, Andrew C. and Peet*, Mary M.}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={786C–786} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_peet_willits_2003, title={Ambient temperature anaerobic digester and greenhouse for swine waste treatment and bioresource recovery at Barham farm}, ISBN={0966977025}, booktitle={Proceedings : North Carolina Animal Waste Management Workshop : Oct. 16-17, 2003, Sheraton Imperial Hotel, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina}, author={Cheng, J. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{peet_harlow_sykes_2003, title={Developing Value-Added Practices and Branding for High-Sugar tomatoes}, booktitle={North Carolina Vegetable Growers Association 2003 Yearbook}, author={Peet, M.M. and Harlow, C. and Sykes, E.}, year={2003}, pages={47} }
 @article{krug_whipker_peet_2003, title={FERTCALC -- a fertilizer mixing calculator}, volume={48}, number={6}, journal={North Carolina Flower Growers' Bulletin}, author={Krug, B. A. and Whipker, B. E. and Peet, M.}, year={2003}, pages={8} }
 @book{willits_teitel_tanny_peet_cohen_matan_2003, series={Bard Project}, title={First Annual Scientific Report Comparing the performance of naturally ventilated and fan-ventilated greenhouses}, number={US-3189-01}, author={Willits, D.H. and Teitel, M. and Tanny, J. and Peet, M.M. and Cohen, S. and Matan, E.}, year={2003}, collection={Bard Project} }
 @article{peet_sato_clément_pressman_2003, title={Heat Stress Increases Sensitivity of Pollen, Fruit and Seed Production in Tomatoes (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) to non-optimal Vapor Pressure Deficits}, volume={11}, ISBN={["90-6605-439-5"]}, ISSN={0567-7572 2406-6168}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.23}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.23}, number={618}, journal={Acta Horticulturae}, publisher={International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)}, author={Peet, M. and Sato, S. and Clément, C. and Pressman, E.}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={209–215} }
 @inproceedings{peet_nair_2003, title={Interaction of CO2 and high temperature on growth, photosynthesis, tissue nutrient concentration, yield and fruitset in tomato}, volume={354}, number={5}, booktitle={HortScience}, author={Peet, M.M. and Nair, T.V.R.}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={813} }
 @article{miles_peet_2003, title={Maintaining nutrient balances in container-grown tomatoes utilizing soluble organic fertilizers}, volume={Winter}, number={12}, journal={OFRF Information Bulletin}, author={Miles, J.F. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2003}, pages={22–25} }
 @inproceedings{rippy_peet_nelson_catignani_2003, title={Nutrient balances and fruit quality in containerized systems for greenhouse tomatoes utilizing soluble organic fertilizers}, volume={38}, number={5}, booktitle={HortScience}, author={Rippy, J.M. and Peet, M. and Nelson, P. and Catignani, G.}, year={2003}, pages={762} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2003, title={Organic Greenhouse Vegetable Production}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{shearin_cheng_peet_willits_2003, title={Utilization of nutrients in anaerobically-pretreated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production}, ISBN={1892769328}, DOI={10.13031/2013.15240}, abstractNote={Swine waste treatment in North Carolina typically consists of an anaerobic lagoon and sprayfieldupon which crops are grown to utilize the nutrients. Currently, swine lagoon effluent must beapplied at agronomic rates to satisfy the crops nitrogen (N) needs. The majority of landapplication occurs in the summer months, when the weather is typically hot and dry. Agreenhouse tomato production system has been tested for more efficient utilization of nutrients inanaerobically-pretreated swine wastewater. Two 2,600-m2 greenhouses were constructed on a4,000-sow farm located in Johnston County, North Carolina. The swine wastewater was firsttreated in an Ambient Temperature Anaerobic Digester (ATAnD) and the effluent stored in astorage pond. Before being applied to 14,000 tomato plants in the greenhouses, the effluent wastreated in a nitrification biofilter to convert the ammonium (NH4+) into nitrate (NO3-) becausetomato plants prefer the latter as the nitrogen nutrient for their growth. Preliminary data indicatedthat the tomato greenhouses have used approximately 12 m3 of the effluent per day. Based on anaverage inorganic N (NH4+ plus NO3-) concentration of 123 mg/l in the biofilter effluent, thegreenhouses have utilized approximately 1.48 kg N/day. At the same time, the greenhousesproduced a daily yield of 711 kg of marketable fruit, sold at a gross price of $2.20/kg. Thepreliminary findings have shown that the utilization of nutrients in swine wastewater forgreenhouse tomato production is a viable alternative to the traditional system. In addition to thehigh daily N utilization rate, the fruit yields are comparable to conventional greenhouseproduction. Also, the utilization of the treated wastewater during the winter months decreases thepossibility of lagoon overflows and/or spills.}, booktitle={Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes IX : proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium, 12-15 October, 2003, Raleigh, North Carolina}, author={Shearin, T. E. and Cheng, Jay and Peet, Mary and Willits, D. H.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_shearin_peet_willits_2003, title={Utilization of treated swine wastewater for greenhouse tomato production}, volume={4}, ISBN={1843394839}, booktitle={Wastewater reclamation and reuse IV : selected proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, held at Mexico City, 12-14 November 2003}, author={Cheng, J. and Shearin, T. E. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{harlow_peet_ponce_cheng_willits_casteel_2003, title={Utilizing a greenhouse tomato crop to recover bio-resources from swine waste}, booktitle={Proceedings of the ASHS centennial conference (Providence, Rhode Island)}, author={Harlow, C. and Peet, M. M. and Ponce, A. K. and Cheng, J. and Willits, D. H. and Casteel, M.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{peet_bell_2003, title={Utilizing tobacco transplant greenhouses for producing native plants for environmental restoration}, booktitle={North Carolina Vegetable Growers Association 2003 Yearbook}, author={Peet, M.M. and Bell, A.}, year={2003}, pages={46} }
 @inproceedings{willits_marbis_cheng_peet_shearin_2003, title={Waste heat utilization in a greenhouse used for the removal of nutrients from a swine waste stream}, volume={034043}, booktitle={ASAE annual International Meeting 2003, Las Vegas : The Riviera Hotel, July 27-30, 2003}, author={Willits, D. H. and Marbis, J. M. and Cheng, J. and Peet, M. M. and Shearin, T.}, year={2003} }
 @article{peet_2003, title={Ways to control weeds}, journal={American Small Farm Magazine}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2003}, pages={25–26} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2003, title={Yield and quality responses of horticultural crops to CO2 and temperature}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2003} }
 @inproceedings{sato_peet_2002, title={Chronological investigation of tomato anther grown under moderately elevated temperatures}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M.}, year={2002} }
 @article{sato_peet_thomas_2002, title={Determining critical pre- and post-anthesis periods and physiological processes in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. exposed to moderately elevated temperatures}, volume={53}, ISSN={["0022-0957"]}, DOI={10.1093/jexbot/53.371.1187}, abstractNote={To determine the thermosensitive periods and physiological processes in tomato flowers exposed to moderately elevated temperatures, tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. NC 8288) were grown at 28/22 degrees C or 32/26 degrees C day/night temperature regimes and then transferred to the opposite regime for 0-15 d before or 0-24 h after anthesis. For plants initially grown at 28/22 degrees C, moderate temperature stress before anthesis decreased the percentage of fruit set per plant, but did not clarify the thermosensitive period. The same level of stress did not significantly reduce fruit set when applied immediately after anthesis. For plants initially grown at 32/26 degrees C, fruit set was completely prevented unless a relief period of more than 5 d was provided before anthesis. The same level of stress relief for 3-24 h after anthesis also increased fruit set. Plants were most sensitive to 32/26 degrees C temperatures 7-15 d before anthesis. Microscopic investigation of anthers in plants grown continuously at high temperature indicated disruption of development in the pollen, endothecium, epidermis, and stomium. This disruption was reduced, but still observable in plants relieved from high temperature for 10 d before anthesis.}, number={371}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Sato, S and Peet, MM and Thomas, JF}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={1187–1195} }
 @inproceedings{sato_peet_2002, title={Effects of moderately elevated chronic temperature on reproductive development of tomato plants}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2002} }
 @book{miles_peet_2002, title={Maintaining Nutrient Balances in Systems Utilizing Soluble Organic Fertilizers}, number={00-23}, institution={The Organic Farming Research Foundation}, author={Miles, J.F. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2002} }
 @article{peet_2002, title={Managing the greenhouse environment to prevent fruit disorders}, volume={6}, number={1}, journal={The Tomato Magazine}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={6–8, 18–19} }
 @inproceedings{ponce_peet_cheng_harlow_willits_2002, title={Preliminary assessment of swine waste bioremediation using greenhouse tomatoes}, booktitle={XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition (IHC 2002) : horticulture : art & science for life : Metro Toronto Convention Centre, August 11-17, 2002}, author={Ponce, K. H. and Peet, M. M. and Cheng, J. and Harlow, C. and Willits, D. H.}, year={2002} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2002, title={Proceedings 2002 Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention}, booktitle={Proceedings 2002 Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2002}, pages={61–63} }
 @inproceedings{miles_peet_2002, title={Production Considerations and Status of US Organic Certification}, author={Miles, J.A. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2002} }
 @article{pressman_peet_pharr_2002, title={The effect of heat stress on tomato pollen characteristics is associated with changes in carbohydrate concentration in the developing anthers}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0305-7364"]}, DOI={10.1093/aob/mcf240}, abstractNote={Continuous exposure of tomato 'Trust' to high temperatures (day/night temperatures of 32/26 degrees C) markedly reduced the number of pollen grains per flower and decreased viability. The effect of heat stress on pollen viability was associated with alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in various parts of the anther during its development. Under control, favourable temperature conditions (28/22 degrees C), starch accumulated in the pollen grains, where it reached a maximum value 3 d before anthesis; it then diminished towards anthesis. During anther development, the concentration of total soluble sugars gradually increased in the anther walls and in the pollen grains (but not in the locular fluid), reaching a maximum at anthesis. Continuous exposure of the plants to high temperatures (32/26 degrees C) prevented the transient increase in starch concentration and led to decreases in the concentrations of soluble sugars in the anther walls and the pollen grains. In the locular fluid, however, a higher soluble sugar concentration was detected under the high-temperature regime throughout anther development. These results suggest that a major effect of heat stress on pollen development is a decrease in starch concentration 3 d before anthesis, which results in a decreased sugar concentration in the mature pollen grains. These events possibly contribute to the decreased pollen viability in tomato.}, number={5}, journal={ANNALS OF BOTANY}, author={Pressman, E and Peet, MM and Pharr, DM}, year={2002}, month={Nov}, pages={631–636} }
 @inbook{peet_wolfe_2002, title={Vegetable crops}, ISBN={0851994393}, booktitle={Climate change and crop productivity}, publisher={CAB International}, author={Peet, M. M. and Wolfe, D. W.}, editor={Hodges, H. and Reddy, M. R.Editors}, year={2002}, pages={213–243} }
 @inproceedings{peet_ponce_willits_cheng_2001, title={Bioremediation of swine waste using greenhouse tomatoes: A systems approach}, booktitle={98th Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, M.M. and Ponce, K. and Willits, D.H. and Cheng, J.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{peet_sato_clemente_pressman_2001, title={Developmental anomalies in pollen and anthers given mild heat stress}, author={Peet, M.M. and Sato, S. and Clemente, C. and Pressman, E.}, year={2001} }
 @article{peet_gibson_whipker_blankenship_2001, title={Ethylene Damage: What it is and how to prevent it}, volume={5}, number={2}, journal={The Tomato Magazine}, author={Peet, M.M. and Gibson, J.L. and Whipker, B.E. and Blankenship, S.}, year={2001}, pages={18–20} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2001, title={Ethylene damage: What it is and how to prevent it}, booktitle={Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2001}, pages={130–131} }
 @article{sato_peet_gardner_2001, title={Formation of parthenocarpic fruit, undeveloped flowers and aborted flowers in tomato under moderately elevated temperatures}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00262-4}, abstractNote={Incidence of parthenocarpic fruit, undeveloped flowers and flower abortion in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were compared under optimal temperature (OT, 28/22°C day/night) and chronic, mild high temperature conditions (HT, 32/26°C). Seeded fruits were found only under OT conditions, where 37±9% of all flowers developed into seeded fruit. However, flower aborted was also higher under OT, with an additional 24±7% of flowers aborted under optimal temperature conditions, compared to only 4±1% of flowers aborted under HT conditions. Under HT, most flowers (53±8%) developed into parthenocarpic fruit, and the remainder (43±7%) stayed on the plant as undeveloped flowers. A slow transition of undeveloped flowers to parthenocarpic fruit was also observed under HT. Factors determining whether flowers abort, develop parthenocarpically, remain on the plant without developing further, or develop into seeded fruit were discussed in relation to carbohydrate availability and the presence of seeded fruit on the vine.}, number={3-4}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={Sato, S and Peet, MM and Gardner, RG}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={243–254} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_peet_willits_pace_2001, title={Integrated farming for sustainable agriculture.}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference for Agricultural Science and Technology (Beijing, China)}, author={Cheng, J. and Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H. and Pace, J.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2001, title={Managing the greenhouse environment to prevent fruit disorders}, booktitle={Proceedings New England Vegetable & Berry Conference and Trade Show}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2001}, pages={11–13 187–193} }
 @article{willits_peet_2001, title={Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence as a heat stress indicator in tomato: Laboratory and greenhouse comparisons}, volume={126}, ISSN={["2327-9788"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.126.2.188}, abstractNote={Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions in an effort to develop a quick, reliable, and inexpensive laboratory procedure capable of predicting heat stress experienced by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions. The laboratory tests consisted of measurements of the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) performed on leaf discs taken from whole tomato leaves and placed on a temperature controlled plate. Comparisons were made with greenhouse measurements of the same parameter conducted on intact leaves of whole plants exposed to different temperature treatments imposed by manipulation of the aerial environment of the greenhouse. Dark adaption periods ranging from 15 min to all day in the greenhouse and temperature exposure periods ranging from 5 min to 60 min in the laboratory were compared to find the best correlation between the two tests. Best agreement was obtained with 60 min treatment times in the laboratory and 60 min dark adaption periods in the greenhouse. Fv/Fm decreased quadratically with increasing leaf temperature in a similar fashion in both tests, suggesting that the laboratory approach can adequately predict plant response to greenhouse heat stress.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Willits, DH and Peet, MM}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={188–194} }
 @inproceedings{miles_2001, title={Organic Greenhouse Tomatoes}, author={Miles, J.F.}, year={2001}, month={Nov} }
 @inproceedings{miles_peet_nelson_2001, title={Plant development of greenhouse tomatoes in organic media and fertilizers}, volume={36}, number={3}, booktitle={HortScience}, author={Miles, J.F. and Peet, M.M. and Nelson, P.V.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{peet_miles_baldwin_o’sullivan_estes_snyder_2001, title={Production of a video series on greenhouse vegetable production: biocontrols, organic fertilization and best management practices}, volume={36}, number={3}, booktitle={HortScience}, author={Peet, M.M. and Miles, J. and Baldwin, K.R. and O’Sullivan, J. and Estes, E. and Snyder, R.}, year={2001}, pages={429} }
 @article{aloni_peet_pharr_karni_2001, title={The effect of high temperature and high atmospheric CO2 on carbohydrate changes in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) pollen in relation to its germination}, volume={112}, ISSN={["0031-9317"]}, DOI={10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120407.x}, abstractNote={Pollen viability and germination are known to be sensitive to high temperature (HT). However, the mode by which high temperature impairs pollen functioning is not yet clear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of high temperature on changes occurring in carbohydrate of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Mazurka) pollen in order to find possible relations between these changes and pollen germination under heat stress. When pepper plants were maintained under a moderate HT regime (32/26°C, day/night) for 8 days before flowers have reached anthesis, pollen count at anthesis was similar to that found in plants grown under normal temperatures (NT 28/22°C). However, the in vitro germination, carried out at 25°C, of pollen from HT plants was greatly reduced. This effect matched the marked reduction in the number of seeds per fruit in the HT plants. Maintaining the plants at high air CO2 concentration (800 μmol mol−1 air) in both temperature treatments did not affect the in vitro germination of pollen from NT plants, but restored germination to near the normal level in pollen from HT plants. Under NT conditions, starch, which was negligible in pollen at meiosis (8 days before anthesis, A−8) started to accumulate at A−4 and continued to accumulate until A−2. From that stage until anthesis, starch was rapidly degraded. On the other hand, sucrose concentration rose from stage A−4 until anthesis. Acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity rose parallel with the increase of sucrose. In pollen from HT plants, sucrose and starch concentrations were significantly higher at A−1 pollen than in that of NT plants. Under high CO2 conditions, the sucrose concentration in the pollen of HT plants was reduced to levels similar to those in NT pollen. In accordance with the higher sucrose concentration in HT pollen, the acid invertase activity in these pollen grains was lower than in NT pollen. The results suggest that the higher concentrations of sucrose and starch in the pollen grains of HT plants may result from reduction in their metabolism under heat stress. Elevated CO2 concentration, presumably by increasing assimilate availability to the pollen grain, may alleviate the inhibition of sucrose and starch metabolism, thereby increasing their utilization for pollen germination under the HT stress. Acid invertase may have a regulatory role in this system.}, number={4}, journal={PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM}, author={Aloni, B and Peet, M and Pharr, M and Karni, L}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={505–512} }
 @inproceedings{sato_peet_2001, title={The effects of chronic, mild heat stress on gas exchange, fruitset, anther dehiscence and production release and viability of pollen in five tomato cultivars varying in heat tolerance}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M.}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{cheng_pace_peet_willits_shearin_2001, title={Using a greenhouse tomato crop to recover the nutrients from swine wastewater}, ISBN={0966977017}, booktitle={Proceedings of the International Symposium Addressing Animal Production and Environmental Issues}, author={Cheng, Jiayang and Pace, Jodi and Peet, Mary M. and Willits, Daniel H. and Shearin, Todd}, year={2001} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2001, title={Why consider organics and other alternatives?}, booktitle={Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2001}, pages={140–142} }
 @inproceedings{peet_2001, title={Why consider organics and other alternatives? Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress}, booktitle={Proceedings Ohio Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Congress}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2001}, pages={140–142} }
 @article{peet_sato_2000, title={587 Physiological Factors Limiting Tomato Fruitset at Moderately Elevated Temperatures}, volume={35}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.497e}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.35.3.497e}, abstractNote={The effects of chronic, mild heat stress on fruit set, fruit production, release of pollen grains, photosynthesis, night respiration, and anther dehiscence were ex-amined in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) differing in high temperature sensitivity. Plants were grown under three temperature regimes: 1) 28/22 or 26/22 °C (optimal temperature) 2) 32/26 °C (high temperature), and 3) 32/26 °C day/night temperatures relieved at 28/22 °C for 10 days before anthesis, then returned to 32/26 °C (relieving treatment). `FLA 7156' was the only cultivar with fruit set at 32/26 °C. All five cultivars, however, had fruit set in the relieving treatment (RT). The longer the relief, the higher was the percentage of fruit set. Longer periods of relief also increased the number of pollen grains released and linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the number of pollen grains released and the percentage of fruit set. Germination of pollen grains was also lowered in high-temperature-grown plants. The number of pollen grains produced, photosynthesis, and night respiration did not limit fruit set under chronic, mild heat stress, however. This suggested that cultivar differences in ability to release pollen and to produce viable pollen under heat stress are the most important factors determining their ability to set fruit.}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, M.M. and Sato, S.}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={497E–498} }
 @article{peet_clement_sato_2000, title={612 The Relationship of Pollen Development and Release to Fruit and Seed Production in Tomato Cultivars Exposed to Heat Stress at Varying Humidity Levels}, volume={35}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.502e}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.35.3.502e}, abstractNote={Starting 2 weeks before anthesis of the first flower, tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) differing in heat tolerance were exposed to mild heat stress (31/24 vs. 28/22 °C) at three levels of relative humidity (30%, 60%, and 90%) in controlled environment chambers at the Duke Univ. Phytotron. Pollen development in the anthers was followed cytologically, pollen release was measured at anthesis, and seed production and fruit weight were measured as fruit matured. Fruit and seed development were best at 60%RH and 28/22 °C and worst at 90% RH and 31/24. Seed development was poor at 31/24 °C at all humidity levels. It was also poor at 28/22 in the 90% RH treatment. Low relative humidity had a greater negtive effect on fruit and seed production and on cytological development in plants grown at high temperature. Pollen release was also reduced at 90% RH, with virtually no pollen released at 31/24 °C. Cytological examinations revealed developmental anomolies in pollen in some, but not all cultivars at 90% and 30% RH. Plant height was also affected by the treatments, with much taller plants in the high-temperature, high-humidity treatments.}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, M.M. and Clement, C. and Sato, S.}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={502E–503} }
 @article{miles_peet_2000, title={640 Developing Fertilizer and Substrate Practices for Organic Greenhouse Tomato Production}, volume={35}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.507f}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.35.3.507f}, abstractNote={`Grace' tomatoes were grown utilizing three different growing methods: organic, conventional, and biorational (IPM and use of reduced-risk pesticides). There was one treatment per greenhouse per growing season. Treatments were rotated for each crop. Inputs for the organic system were allowable according to the Carolina Farm Stewardship Materials List for organic certification or the Organic Material Review Institute (OMRI). Organic methods were compared to conventional and biorational methods in a total of two spring and two fall crops. The conventional and biorational substrates consisted of a commercial peat/perlite blend containing a “starter” nutrient charge. The organic substrates were a coir pinebark blend and a peat/perlite/vermiculite commercial substrate without non-organic “starter nutrients” and wetting agents. Organic substrates were amended with 15% by volume vermi-compost and dolomitic lime. Organic nutrient amendments were bloodmeal, bonemeal, and potassium sulfate to provide an initial nutrient charge. Organic post-transplant fertilization practices included three commercial blends used at several application rates. Fertilizers were applied by “mixing and pouring” in Spring 1998, but were injected into the drip irrigation system for the remaining three growing seasons. Data was collected on harvest yield, fruit quality, and plant development. In the first two growing seasons, organic production resulted in the highest percentage of number1 quality fruit, but in Spring 1998, these plants were developmentally slow, resulting in lowest total yields. In the Fall 1998 and Spring 1999 crop, all measurements of growth and yield for organic production were comparable to those in conventional and biorational controls. We feel however, that additional development work is required in the organic treatments to optimize transplant production, post-plant fertilization regimes and biocontrol application.}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Miles, Janet F. and Peet, Mary M.}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={507F–508} }
 @article{peet_miles_2000, title={Alternatives exist for greenhouse tomatoes. Fruit & Vegetable Southern Special}, journal={Farm Chronicle of North Carolina and Country Folks Grower}, author={Peet, M.M. and Miles, J.F.}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={10} }
 @inproceedings{pressman_peet_pharr_2000, title={Changes in carbohydrate content in developing anther and pollen grains: the effect of heat-stress and high CO2 levels}, author={Pressman, E. and Peet, M.M. and Pharr, M.D.}, year={2000} }
 @inbook{peet_wolfe_2000, title={Crop ecosystem responses to climatic change: vegetable crops.}, ISBN={9780851994390}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994390.0213}, DOI={10.1079/9780851994390.0213}, booktitle={Climate change and global crop productivity.}, publisher={CABI}, author={Peet, M. M. and Wolfe, D. W.}, editor={Reddy, K.R. and Hodges, H.F.Editors}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={213–243} }
 @inproceedings{peet_clement_sato_2000, title={Effects of heat stress at varying humidity levels on pollen development, starch accumulation in the anther, pollen release and fruitset in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)}, author={Peet, M.M. and Clement, C. and Sato, S.}, year={2000} }
 @article{blankenship_creswell_gibson_peet_whipker_2000, title={Ethylene Sampling Protocols for Greenhouse-Grown Crops}, volume={12}, number={3}, journal={The Cut Flower Quarterly}, author={Blankenship, S. and Creswell, T. and Gibson, J.L. and Peet, M. and Whipker, B.E.}, year={2000}, pages={34} }
 @article{gibson_whipker_blankenship_boyette_creswell_miles_peet_2000, title={Ethylene: Sources, Effects, and Prevention for Greenhouse-Grown Crops}, volume={12}, number={3}, journal={The Cut Flower Quarterly}, author={Gibson, J.L. and Whipker, B.E. and Blankenship, S. and Boyette, M. and Creswell, T. and Miles, J. and Peet, M.}, year={2000}, pages={30–32} }
 @inproceedings{peet_miles_2000, title={Greenhouse alternatives}, author={Peet, M.M. and Miles, J.F.}, year={2000}, month={Dec} }
 @article{willits_peet_2000, title={Intermittent application of water to an externally mounted, greenhouse shade cloth to modify cooling performance}, volume={43}, DOI={10.13031/2013.3018}, abstractNote={The cooling performance of an externally mounted, flat-woven, black-polypropylene shade cloth 
(manufacturer’s shade rating of 55%) was examined under both dry and wet conditions. Wetting was accomplished by 
intermittently sprinkling the cloth with water when outside solar levels were greater than 400 W m–2. Compared to an 
unshaded greenhouse, the dry shade cloth reduced the rate of energy gain by about 26%, less than one-half the amount 
suggested by the shade rating. At the same time, electrical energy consumption was also reduced by about 8% due to 
reduced operation of the cooling equipment in the shaded house. Under the wet cloth, the reduction in rate of energy gain 
improved to about 41%, of which 3.5% was attributable to the increased shading provided by the water film. Air 
temperature rise along the house was reduced by 18% under the dry cloth and 40% under the wet cloth. Leaf temperature 
rise was reduced by only about 9% under the dry cloth; however, the value is misleading because leaf temperatures were 
reduced nearly uniformly along the house whereas air temperatures were reduced primarily at the exhaust end. Under wet 
shade, leaf temperature rise was reduced nearly 43% and electrical energy consumption by 21%.}, number={5}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, author={Willits, D. H. and Peet, Mary}, year={2000}, pages={1247–1252} }
 @article{peet_2000, title={Organic Greenhouse Tomato Production Studied}, journal={Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers News}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={2000}, month={Apr}, pages={24–26} }
 @article{miles_peet_2000, title={Organic Greenhouse Vegetable Production}, number={Fall}, journal={North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Association Newsletter}, author={Miles, J.A. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2000}, pages={7–11} }
 @article{sato_peet_thomas_2000, title={Physiological factors limit fruit set of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under chronic, mild heat stress}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1365-3040"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00589.x}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={7}, journal={PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT}, author={Sato, S and Peet, MM and Thomas, JF}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={719–726} }
 @inproceedings{sato_peet_2000, title={The effects of chronic, mild heat stress on gas exchange, fruitset, anther dehiscence, and production, release and viability of pollen in five tomato cultivars varying in heat tolerance}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2000} }
 @inproceedings{aloni_peet_pharr_pressman_ganot_leah_2000, title={The relationship between the changes in pollen carbohydrates and related enzymatic activities and pollen germination in pepper Capsicum annuum, under high temperature and high atmospheric CO2}, author={Aloni, B. and Peet, M. and Pharr, M.D. and Pressman, E. and Ganot, D. and Leah, K.}, year={2000} }
 @book{seginer_willits_raviv_peet_2000, series={BARD Research Project}, title={Transpirational cooling of Greenhouse crops}, number={IS-2538-95R}, author={Seginer, I. and Willits, D.H. and Raviv, M. and Peet, M.M.}, year={2000}, collection={BARD Research Project} }
 @book{pressman_peet_pharr_1999, place={Raleigh, N.C}, title={Carbohydrate levels in developing anthers and pollen of tomatoes exposed to heat stress and elevated CO2}, institution={NC State University}, author={Pressman, E. and Peet, M. and Pharr, D.M.}, year={1999}, pages={141–142} }
 @inproceedings{miles_peet_1999, title={Developing fertilizer media and biocontrol practices for organic greenhouse tomato production}, author={Miles, J. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1999} }
 @article{blankenship_creswell_gibson_peet_whipker_1999, title={Ethylene Sampling Protocols for Greenhouse-Grown Crops}, volume={44}, number={5}, journal={N.C. Flower Growers’ Bulletin}, author={Blankenship, S. and Creswell, T. and Gibson, J.L. and Peet, M. and Whipker, B.E.}, year={1999}, month={Oct}, pages={8} }
 @article{gibson_whipker_blankenship_boyette_creswell_miles_peet_1999, title={Ethylene pollution can kill your plants}, journal={GMPro}, author={Gibson, J.L. and Whipker, B.E. and Blankenship, S. and Boyette, M. and Creswell, T. and Miles, J. and Peet, M.}, year={1999}, month={Nov}, pages={55–63} }
 @article{gibson_whipker_blankenship_boyette_creswell_miles_peet_1999, title={Ethylene: Sources, Effects, and Prevention for Greenhouse-Grown Crops}, volume={44}, number={5}, journal={North Carolina Flower Growers’ Bulletin}, author={Gibson, J.L. and Whipker, B.E. and Blankenship, S. and Boyette, M. and Creswell, T. and Miles, J. and Peet, M.}, year={1999}, month={Oct} }
 @article{peet_1999, title={Greenhouse crop stress management}, ISBN={9066058110}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.1999.481.77}, number={481}, journal={Acta Horticulturae}, author={Peet, Mary}, year={1999}, pages={643} }
 @inproceedings{sato_peet_1999, title={Heat stress effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) anther dehiscence and pollen characteristics}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1999} }
 @inproceedings{miles_peet_1999, place={Live Oak, Florida}, title={Organic Greenhouse Vegetable Production}, booktitle={Proceedings, Southeastern United States Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Conference and Trade Show}, publisher={Suwannee Valley Research and Extension Center}, author={Miles, J.A. and Peet, M.M.}, editor={Hochmuth, RobertEditor}, year={1999}, pages={55–61} }
 @book{estes_peet_1999, title={The Bottom Line in Greenhouse Tomato Production}, number={18}, author={Estes, E.A. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1999}, month={Sep} }
 @book{aloni_peet_pharr_karni_1999, place={Raleigh, N.C}, title={The effect of high temperature and high atmospheric CO2 on the development and germination of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) pollen: Associated carbohydrate changes and enzyme activities}, institution={NC State University}, author={Aloni, B. and Peet, M. and Pharr, M. and Karni, L.}, year={1999}, pages={97–100} }
 @article{willits_peet_1999, title={USING CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE TO MODEL LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREENHOUSE PEPPER AND TOMATO}, volume={12}, ISBN={["90-6605-812-9"]}, ISSN={0567-7572 2406-6168}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.507.36}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.1999.507.36}, number={507}, journal={Acta Horticulturae}, publisher={International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={311–317} }
 @misc{willits_peet_1999, title={Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence To Model Leaf Photosynthesis In Greenhouse Pepper And Tomato}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1999} }
 @misc{peet_1998, title={Book review of ‘Pollen Biotechnology for Crop Production and Improvement}, volume={33}, journal={HortScience}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1998}, pages={1272} }
 @misc{peet_1998, title={Coming to terms}, volume={86}, journal={American Scientist}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1998}, pages={579–589} }
 @article{peet_sato_gardner_1998, title={Comparing heat stress effects on male-fertile and male-sterile tomatoes}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0140-7791"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00281.x}, abstractNote={To separate the effects of heat stress on male and female reproductive tissues, male‐sterile (MSs) and male‐fertile tomatoes (MFs) were placed in growth chambers at 12 h day/12 h night temperatures of 28/22, 30/24 or 32/26 °C from flower appearance to seed maturation (daily mean temperatures of 25, 27 or 29 °C). Pollen from MFs was applied individually to MS flowers. As MFs were self‐pollinated, heat stress was experienced by both male and female tissues. At growth temperatures of 29 °C fruit number, fruit weight per plant, and seed number per fruit were only 10%, 6·4% and 16·4%, respectively, compared with those at 25 °C. Heat stress also adversely affected fruitset in MSs, especially when experienced by donor pollen. No fruit at all developed on MSs receiving pollen produced at 29 °C, even when ovule development, pollen germination and subsequent embryo development all took place at 25 °C. Effects on fruitset in MSs were reduced if donor pollen had not experienced heat stress. MSs grown at 29 °C but receiving pollen developing at 25 °C produced 73% as much fruit (both on number and weight basis), had 40% as high fruitset and produced 87% of the seed per fruit as MSs grown at 25 °C. This use of male‐sterile and male‐fertile lines of tomato provides new evidence that impairment of pollen and anther development by elevated temperature will be an important contributing factor to decreased fruit set in tomato, and possibly other crops, with global warming.}, number={2}, journal={PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT}, author={Peet, MM and Sato, S and Gardner, RG}, year={1998}, month={Feb}, pages={225–231} }
 @inproceedings{peet_sato_willits_gardner_1998, title={Critical period for sensitivity to heat stress in tomatoes}, booktitle={Proceedings, 27th National Agricultural Plastics Congress}, author={Peet, M.M. and Sato, S. and Willits, D. and Gardner, R.G.}, editor={Tabor, H.G.Editor}, year={1998}, pages={49} }
 @article{peet_1998, title={Developing, converting, and maintaining information-rich resources on the World Wide Web}, volume={8}, DOI={10.21273/horttech.8.3.307}, abstractNote={Sustainable Practices for Vegetable Production in the South, 174 pages long and with 250 references, was written as a traditional college textbook, but is also available as a World Wide Web (Web) site (http://www2.ncsu.edu/sustainable/). This article chronicles the conversion of the entire text to a Web document and the simultaneous release of Web and print versions. I will also discuss some of the issues that we will confront if we depend on the Web for delivering and receiving content-rich information. These issues are as follows. 1) Although there are no standards for Web sites as there are for print documents, there are certain similarities in the way most Web sites function. Relative to our familiarity with book and journal conventions, those of us educated in the age of print are unaware of Web standards. 2) The optimal size and structure of the information chunk is unclear. Should it be a whole chapter or article, a single paragraph, or a functional unit of facts that doesn't have a name or correspond to anything in print media? 3) Organization and consistency are critical. Table and chapter numbers are meaningless. The most important question is “How does a person accessing part of your Web site know about all the other parts and how they fit together?” You can flip through a book to view it, but a person following a link to a particular page on your site is like the blind man touching the elephant's trunk—the whole is hard to visualize. 4) There is no good place to put references and footnotes because of the subdivision of information into chunks of functional facts. 5) There is no obvious starting or stopping point in making revisions. 6) People accessing the site will send messages and ask questions.}, number={3}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Peet, Mary}, year={1998}, pages={307–312} }
 @article{peet_1998, title={Hot Websites: Truss Quality}, journal={North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Association News}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={4–5} }
 @book{peet_1998, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Information Resources on Greenhouse Vegetable Production}, number={32-A}, institution={Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University}, author={Peet, M.}, year={1998} }
 @article{willits_peet_1998, title={The effect of night temperature on greenhouse grown tomato yields in warm climates}, volume={92}, ISSN={["0168-1923"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00089-6}, abstractNote={Data from six seasons of night cooling experiments conducted at north Carolina State University were analyzed to determine the effect of night temperature on the yield of tomato. Each season contained at least one treatment where night temperatures in one greenhouse were kept below 20°C, using air conditioning, and one treatment where night temperatures in a separate greenhouse were essentially the same as those outside. Two seasons included additional treatments where night cooling took place only from 01:00 hours until dawn. Regression analysis indicated a strong dependence of yield on the night temperature during fruitset when the warm treatment temperature exceeded 21°C. Total fruit numbers were as much as 39% higher, and total weights as much as 53% higher, than that observed in the warmer treatment. The effect on fruit quality was even greater, with No. 1 number and No. 1 weight increases as high as 85% and 106%, respectively, as the warm treatment approached 24°C. Regression also suggested the possibility of secondary effects: (1) night temperature reductions over the whole season (as opposed to only during fruit set) and higher night time relative humidities in the warm treatment during fruitset were independently predicted to decrease the quality advantage in the cool treatment(s); (2) higher levels of irradiance were predicted to increase the weight advantage in the cool treatment(s).}, number={3}, journal={AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY}, author={Willits, DH and Peet, MM}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={191–202} }
 @article{sato_peet_gardner_1998, title={Timing and duration of the critical period in tomatoes for sensitivity of fruit and seed production to heat stress}, volume={33}, journal={HortScience}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M. and Gardner, R.}, year={1998}, pages={453} }
 @book{seginer_willits_raviv_peet_1998, series={BARD project}, title={Transpirational cooling of greenhouse crops}, number={IS-2538-95R}, author={Seginer, I. and Willits, D.H. and Raviv, M. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1998}, collection={BARD project} }
 @article{peet_1998, title={Update on the SR-IPM Greenhouse Tomato Project}, journal={North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Association News}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1998}, month={Sep}, pages={4} }
 @inbook{peet_krizek_1997, title={CO2}, booktitle={Plant growth chamber handbook (Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station special report; no. 99; North Central Regional Research publication; no. 340)}, publisher={Ames, Iowa: Agriculture Information Services}, author={Peet, M. M. and Krizek, D. T.}, editor={R. W. Langhans and Tibbitts, T. W.Editors}, year={1997}, pages={65–79} }
 @article{peet_sato_1997, title={Comparing Pre- and Post-pollen Production Temperature Stress on Fruit Set and Fruit Production In Male-sterile And Male-fertile Tomatoes}, volume={32}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.526c}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.32.3.526c}, abstractNote={Peet et al. (1997) demonstrated that in male-sterile tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill cv. NC8288) (MSs) provided with pollen from male-fertile plants (MFs) grown at 24°C daily mean, percent fruit set, total number and weight of fruit, and relative seediness decreased linearly as mean daily temperature rose from 25 to 29°C. The primary parameter affecting these variables was mean temperature, with day temperature at a given night temperature, night temperature at a given day temperature, and day/night temperature differential having secondary or no effect. To compare the effect of temperature stress experienced only by the female tissues with that experienced by the male tissues or both male and female tissues, MSs and MFs were grown in 28/22°C, 30/24°C, and 32/26°C day/night temperature chambers. Fruit yield and seed number per fruit declined sharply when increased temperatures were experienced by both male and female tissues (MFs). There was no fruit set in any of the MSs assigned to the 32/26°C pollen treatment, mostly because of the limited amount of pollen available from MFs. Both fruit production and seed content per fruit were also greatly reduced in MSs receiving pollen from 30/24°C grown MFs for the same reason. For plants experiencing stress only on female tissues (MSs grown at high temperatures, but receiving pollen from MFs grown at the lowest temperature), there was also a linear decrease in fruit yield as growth temperatures increased, as previously seen by Peet et al. (1997), but the temperature effect was less pronounced than that on pollen production. Thus, for this system, temperature stress decreased yield much more drastically when experienced by male reproductive tissues than when experienced only by female reproductive tissues.}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, Mary M. and Sato, Suguru}, year={1997}, month={Jun}, pages={526C–526} }
 @inproceedings{peet_1997, title={Greenhouse crop stress management}, booktitle={Proceedings, 18th Annual Conference, Hydroponics Society of America}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1997}, pages={91–101} }
 @article{peet_willits_gardner_1997, title={Response of ovule development and post-pollen production processes in male-sterile tomatoes to chronic, sub-acute high temperature stress}, volume={48}, ISSN={["0022-0957"]}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/48.1.101}, abstractNote={In order to determine the effects of high temperature on ovule development and reproductive processes subsequent to pollen production, nine day/night temperature combinations were imposed over a 9 month period as four separate experiments, each with three treatments, including one common treatment. In order to eliminate known effects of high temperatures on pollen production and stylar position, high temperature treatments were applied only to male-sterile tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Pollen was obtained from male-fertile plants given optimal growth conditions. This allowed comparison of mean daily temperatures from 25-29 °C; day/night temperature differentials (DIFs) of 2, 6, and 10 °C; day temperatures of 28, 30 and 32 °C at night temperatures of 22, 24, and 26 C; and night temperatures of 22, 24 and 26 °C at day temperatures of 28, 30 and 32 °C. Average weight per fruit and flower number did not demonstrate a consistent pattern of response to high temperature. Other reproductive characteristics (% fruitset, total number and weight of fruit per plant, and seediness index) decreased as mean daily temperature rose from 25 °C to 26 °C and from 28 °C to 29 °C. The primary parameter affecting these variables was mean daily temperature, with day temperature having a secondary role. Thus, in determining reproductive responses of tomato to temperatures within this range, day temperature, night temperature and DIFs do not need to be considered independently of their effect on mean daily temperature. If this relationship holds true in other species, and for pre-pollen production processes as well, modelling the effects of projected climate change should be simplified.}, number={306}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY}, author={Peet, MM and Willits, DH and Gardner, R}, year={1997}, month={Jan}, pages={101–111} }
 @book{sato_peet_1997, place={Raleigh, N.C}, title={Temperature effects on fruit set, pollen production and pollen release of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum L)}, institution={NC State University}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1997}, pages={149–166} }
 @inbook{kinet_peet_1997, title={Tomato}, booktitle={The physiology of vegetable crops}, publisher={New York: CAB International}, author={Kinet, J. M. and Peet, M. M.}, year={1997}, pages={207–258} }
 @book{seginer_willits_raviv_peet_1997, series={BARD Project}, title={Transpirational cooling of greenhouse crops}, number={IS-2538-95R}, author={Seginer, I. and Willits, D.H. and Raviv, M. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1997}, collection={BARD Project} }
 @inproceedings{peet_1996, title={A website for Information on Sustainable Vegetable Production in the South}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1996} }
 @book{peet_sato_gardner_1996, title={Comparing chronic, sub-acute heat stress effects on male-fertile and male-sterile tomatoes}, author={Peet, M.M. and Sato, S. and Gardner, R.G.}, year={1996}, pages={88–99} }
 @inproceedings{peet_sato_1996, title={Creating a response surface for fruitset and fruit production in tomatoes grown at high temperatures}, author={Peet, M.M. and Sato, S.}, year={1996} }
 @article{peet_bartholemew_1996, title={Effect of night temperature on pollen characteristics, growth, and fruit set in tomato}, volume={121}, ISSN={["0003-1062"]}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.121.3.514}, abstractNote={Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Laura' plants were grown in the North Carolina State Univ. phytotron at 26C day temperature and 18, 22, 24, or 26C night temperatures to determine the effects of night temperature on pollen characteristics, growth, fruit set, and early fruit growth. Total and percentage normal pollen grains were higher in plants grown at night temperatures of 18 and 22C than at 24 and 26C, but germination was highest in pollen produced at 26C. Seed content was rated higher on the plants grown at 18C night temperatures than in any of the other treatments. Numbers of flowers and fruit on the first cluster were lower in the 26C night treatment than in the other night temperature treatments. Plant height was greatest but total shoot dry mass was lowest in the 22C night temperature treatments. Fruit fresh mass increased with night temperature, reflecting more rapid development, but the experiment was not continued to fruit maturity, so the effect of night temperature on final fruit size and total plant production could not be determined. Night temperatures of 26C reduced fruit number and percentage fruit set only slightly at a day temperature of 26C, even though these temperatures were above optimal for pollen production and seed formation. To separate temperature effects on pollen from direct or developmental effects on female reproductive structures, pollen was collected from plants in the four night temperature treatments and applied to stigmas of a male-sterile cultivar kept at 24-18C minimum temperatures in adjacent greenhouses. In the greenhouse-grown male sterile plants, no consistent effects of night temperature treatment given the pollen could be seen in fruit set, fruit mass, seed content (either on a rating or seed count basis), seedling germination, or seedling dry mass.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE}, author={Peet, MM and Bartholemew, M}, year={1996}, month={May}, pages={514–519} }
 @article{willits_peet_1996, title={Relief from the heat}, volume={14}, journal={Greenhouse Grower}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1996}, month={Apr}, pages={36–37} }
 @inproceedings{peet_1996, title={Sustainable Practices for Vegetable Production in the South: A WWW Information Resource Developed at NC State}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1996} }
 @book{peet_1996, title={Sustainable practices for vegetable production in the South}, ISBN={0941051552}, publisher={Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing}, author={Peet, M. M.}, year={1996} }
 @book{sato_peet_1996, title={The effects and relief or imposition of high temperature at pre-and post-poillination on the fruit production of tomato plants}, author={Sato, S. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1996}, pages={100–101} }
 @book{peet_sato_1995, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Fruit production under high temperature stress: Creation of a response surface in male-sterile tomatoes for post-pollen production processes}, institution={NC State University}, author={Peet, M.M. and Sato, S.}, year={1995} }
 @inproceedings{peet_gardner_bartholomew_1995, title={High temperature stress effects on fertility in tomatoes: pollen vs ovule limitations}, author={Peet, M.M. and Gardner, R.G. and Bartholomew, M.}, year={1995} }
 @inproceedings{peet_willits_bartholomew_1995, place={Rockville, MD}, title={High temperature stress effects on fertility in tomatoes: pollen vs. ovule limitations}, volume={108}, number={2}, booktitle={Plant Physiology}, publisher={American Society of Plant Physiologists}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Bartholomew, M.}, year={1995}, pages={20} }
 @article{peet_willits_1995, title={ROLE OF EXCESS WATER IN TOMATO FRUIT CRACKING}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0018-5345"]}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.30.1.65}, abstractNote={Excess irrigation water was provided to spring crops of bag-grown greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to test the effect on radial fruit cracking. Varied numbers of emitters were placed in bags filled with soilless medium to provide different amounts of irrigation water. In 1990, all emitters provided water containing nutrient solution, but in 1992, the extra water added in one treatment did not contain nutrient solution. In both years, the percentage of cracked fruit was 20 percentage points higher in the treatments receiving more water. The increase in cracking was similar whether or not nutrient solution was added to the extra water. There also were some effects of the extra water on yield. Fruit count per plant was slightly higher (9.5%) when extra water was provided without nutrient solution, but was the same when nutrient solution was added to the extra water. Fruit weights per plant were 18.6% higher in 1990 when watering was increased. In 1992, fruit weights were similar, except for the treatment where the extra water provided did not contain nutrient solution. Fruit weight in this treatment was 19.7% higher than in the other treatments. In both crops, the percentage of cracking increased as linear and quadratic functions of cluster positions, i.e., there was more cracking in the upper clusters. In greenhouse situations, growers should consider water reduction when experiencing high levels of fruit cracking and as a precautionary measure when harvesting from the upper clusters. Providing excess water to greenhouse-grown tomatoes may be a viable technique for screening cultivars or for conducting research on practices to reduce cracking.}, number={1}, journal={HORTSCIENCE}, author={PEET, MM and WILLITS, DH}, year={1995}, month={Feb}, pages={65–68} }
 @article{peet_willits_bartholomew_1994, title={128 Pollen characteristics and in vitro pollen germination of tomatoes grown at high night temperatures}, volume={29}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.446f}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.29.5.446f}, abstractNote={Previous greenhouse studies in Raleigh have shown that nighttime cooling increases tomato fruit weights from 11% to 53%, depending on planting dates. The physiological mechanism was unclear, except that temperatures during fruitset were most critical. We report here on 3 experiments, 2 in greenhouses and 1 in the phytotron, comparing pollen characteristics of plants grown at differing night temperatures. In the greenhouse studies, nighttime temperatures were kept below 20°C for either the whole night or just the last half of the night. In the phytrotron studies night temperatures were 18, 22, 24 or 26°C, In both phytotron and greenhouse studies, there was considerable day-to-day variability in pollen characteristics and % germination. The most consistent effect in both types of studies was a decrease in total pollen and an increase in % abnormal pollen at high night temperatures. In the phytotron studies 20°C appeared optimal for both these characteristics.}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, Mary M. and Willits, Daniel H. and Bartholomew, Michael}, year={1994}, month={May}, pages={446f–446} }
 @book{peet_1994, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Day/Night temperature optima for tomato fruit development}, institution={NC State University}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1994} }
 @article{ranney_peet_1994, title={Heat Tolerance of Five Taxa of Birch (Betula): Physiological Responses to Supraoptimal Leaf Temperatures}, volume={119}, ISSN={0003-1062 2327-9788}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.2.243}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.119.2.243}, abstractNote={Leaf gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were used as indexes for evaluating heat tolerance among five taxa of birch: paper (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), European (B. pendula Roth.), Japanese (B. platyphylla var. japonica Hara. cv. Whitespire), Himalayan (B. jacquemontii Spach.), and river (B. nigra L. cv. Heritage). Gas-exchange measurements were conducted on individual leaves at temperatures ranging from 25 to 40C. River birch maintained the highest net photosynthetic rates (Pn) at high temperatures, while Pn of paper birch was reduced the most. Further study of river and paper birch indicated that the reduced Pn at high temperatures and the differential sensitivity between taxa resulted from several factors. Inhibition of Pn at higher temperatures was due largely to nonstomatal limitations for both taxa. Increases in respiration rates, decreases in maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (FV/FM), and possible reductions in light energy directed to PS II (F0 quenching) were apparent for both taxa. The capacity of river birch to maintain greater Pn at higher temperatures seemed to result from a lower Q10 for dark respiration and possibly greater thermotolerance of the Calvin cycle as indicated by a lack of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching with increasing temperatures. Thermal injury, as indicated by a rapid increase in minimal, dark-acclimated (F0) fluorescence, was not evident for either paper or river birch until temperatures reached ≈49C and was similar for both taxa.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Ranney, Thomas G. and Peet, Mary M.}, year={1994}, month={Mar}, pages={243–248} }
 @inproceedings{peet_willits_1994, title={High night temperature effects on tomato: Interactions with developmental stage and season}, booktitle={Proceedings: Plant Stress in the Tropical Environment}, publisher={E.O. Painter Printing Co}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, editor={Davenport, T.L. and Harrington, H.M.Editors}, year={1994}, pages={118–122} }
 @article{bartholomew_peet_1994, title={NIGHT TEMPERATURE RESPONSE CURVES FOR IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION, POLLEN CHARACTISTICS AND FRUITSET IN TOMATO}, volume={29}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.728d}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.29.7.728d}, abstractNote={Previous greenhouse studies in Raleigh have shown that nighttime cooling increases tomato fruit weights from 11% to 53%, depending on planting dates. The physiological mechanism was unclear, except that temperatures during fruitset were most critical We report here on a phytotron experiment comparing pollen characteristics and in vitro pollen germination of plants grown at night temperatures of 18, 22,24 or 26°C in a 12-hour photoperiod with 26°C day temperature in all treatments. There was considerable variability between sampling dates in pollen characteristics and % germination. The most consistent and significant effects were a decrease in total pollen and an increase in % abnormal pollen at high night temperatures. Number of seed present in the fruit also decreased with increasing night temperatures, indicating that the changes in pollen characteristics adversely affected seedset. Night temperatures of 22C appeared optimal for many of the pollen and growth characteristics measured, but fruit developed most rapidly at the higher night temperatures.}, number={7}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Bartholomew, Michael and Peet, Mary M.}, year={1994}, month={Jul}, pages={728d–728} }
 @article{tripp_peet_1994, title={Nuevo uso para el CO2: Desanimar a la mosca blanca. 1994}, volume={3}, journal={Productores de Hortalizas}, author={Tripp, K.E. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1994}, month={Oct}, pages={30–32} }
 @article{niedziela_nelson_peet_jackson_1993, title={Diurnal malate and citrate fluctuations as related to nitrate and potassium concentrations in tomato leaves}, volume={16}, ISSN={0190-4167 1532-4087}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169309364520}, DOI={10.1080/01904169309364520}, abstractNote={Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine if malate and citrate change diurnally, if these changes are light dependent, and how these changes relate to K+ and NO3 −1 levels. Malate concentration in tomato leaves was shown to increase during the day and decrease at night. The inverse occurred with citrate. The dependency of the changes on light was demonstrated for malate, but not for citrate. A relationship with NO3 − assimilation and K+ recirculation may explain the changes in malate concentration.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Plant Nutrition}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Niedziela, Carl E., Jr. and Nelson, Paul V. and Peet, Mary M. and Jackson, William A.}, year={1993}, month={Jan}, pages={165–175} }
 @inproceedings{peet_willits_1993, place={Tainan, Taiwan}, title={Evaluating high night temperature effects on tomato}, booktitle={Adaptation of food crops to temperature and water stress: Proceedings of an international symposium, Tainan}, publisher={Shanhua: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC)}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, editor={Kuo, C.G.Editor}, year={1993}, pages={175–187} }
 @article{willits_peet_1993, title={Misting External Shade Cloths--Relief from the Heat?}, journal={North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers’ Newsletter}, author={Willits, D. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1993}, month={Apr}, pages={3–5} }
 @inproceedings{willits_nelson_peet_depa_kuehny_1993, title={Modeling Chrysanthemum growth rates as a function of PPF, CO2 and temperature}, author={Willits, D.H. and Nelson, P.V. and Peet, M.M. and Depa, M.A. and Kuehny, J.S.}, year={1993} }
 @article{tripp_peet_1993, title={New use for CO2: Slowing whiteflies}, journal={American Vegetable Grower}, author={Tripp, K.E. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1993}, month={Nov}, pages={43–44} }
 @article{niedziela_nelson_willits_peet_1993, title={Short-term Salt-shock Effects on Tomato Fruit Quality, Yield, and Vegetative Prediction of Subsequent Fruit Quality}, volume={118}, ISSN={0003-1062 2327-9788}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.1.12}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.118.1.12}, abstractNote={Commercial recommendations exist for using short-term salt-shocks on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to improve fruit quality. Six experiments were conducted to 1) assess the influence of nutrient concentration and short-term salt-shocks on fruit quality and yield and 2) identify a vegetative predictor of subsequent fruit quality. The first objective was addressed in three nutrient film technique (NFT) experiments (Expts. 1-3). Four treatments were applied: two maintained constant at two baseline concentrations (0.25X and 1X-commercial level) and two provided salt-shock periods of 30 min, twice daily. There were no effects of baseline concentration or salt-shocks on total number and weight of marketable fruit. Fruit quality was better at the 1X baseline concentration as observed by higher titratable acidity (Expt. 2), higher percent dry matter (Expts. 2 and 3), higher soluble solids concentration (Expt. 2), and lower pH (Expts. 2 and 3), however, weight per marketable fruit was lower (Expt. 2). Salt-shocks had little effect on fruit quality, refuting its commercial potential. Salt-shocks decreased fruit pH (Expts. 1 and 3). However, titratable acidity increased at the 0.25X level and decreased at the 1X level (Expt. 3). In Expt. 2, but not in Expt. 3, citrate concentration in the fifth leaf from the apex of young vegetative plants was correlated with subsequent fruit quality. Three additional experiments in static hydroponics with vegetative plants showed no significant differences in leaf citrate levels due to a single, short-term salt-shock. Thus, citrate is not a good predictor of fruit quality.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Niedziela, Carl E. and Nelson, Paul V. and Willits, Daniel H. and Peet, Mary M.}, year={1993}, month={Jan}, pages={12–16} }
 @misc{willits_peet_1993, title={The effect of evaporative cooling on the efficiency of external greenhouse shade cloths}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1993} }
 @inproceedings{peet_slover_1992, title={A database for sustainable vegetable production}, author={Peet, M.M. and Slover, S.}, year={1992} }
 @article{tripp_kroen_peet_willits_1992, title={Fewer Whiteflies Found on CO2-enriched Greenhouse Tomatoes with High C: N Ratios}, volume={27}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.10.1079}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.27.10.1079}, abstractNote={Eight tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars were grown for 16 weeks in greenhouses enriched for an average of 8.1 hours daily to 1000 μl CO /liter of air or in greenhouses maintained at ambient CO. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly decreased the mean number of greenhouse whiteflies [Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westward), Homoptera: Aleyrodidae] as measured by counts from commercial yellow sticky traps. The number of whiteflies present was negatively correlated with both seasonal foliar C: N ratio and percent C but positively correlated with percent N in the foliage. Thus, CO enrichment apparently alters plant composition in such a way as to reduce significantly the population growth of greenhouse whiteflies.}, number={10}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Tripp, Kim E. and Kroen, William K. and Peet, Mary M. and Willits, Daniel H.}, year={1992}, month={Oct}, pages={1079–1080} }
 @article{peet_1992, title={Fruit cracking in tomato}, volume={2}, DOI={10.21273/horttech.2.2.216}, abstractNote={The environmental and physiological causes of cracking or splitting of soft fruits and citrus as they ripen are not well understood. This paper explores factors contributing to radial cracking in tomatoes, gives suggestions for prevention of cracking, and suggests directions for future research. Fruit cracking occurs when there is a rapid net influx of water and solutes into the fruit at the same time that ripening or other factors reduce the strength and elasticity of the tomato skin. In the field, high soil moisture tensions suddenly lowered by irrigation or rains are the most frequent cause of fruit cracking. Low soil moisture tensions reduce the tensile strength of the skin and increase root pressure. In addition, during rain or overhead irrigation, water penetrates into the fruit through minute cracks or through the corky tissue around the stem scar. Increases in fruit temperature raise gas and hydrostatic pressures of the pulp on the skin, resulting in immediate cracking in ripe fruit or delayed cracking in green fruit. The delayed cracking occurs later in the ripening process when minute cracks expand to become visible. High light intensity may have a role in increasing cracking apart from its association with high temperatures. Under high light conditions, fruit soluble solids and fruit growth rates are higher. Both of these factors are sometimes associated with increased cracking. Anatomical characteristics of crack-susceptible cultivars are: 1) large fruit size, 2) low skin tensile strength and/or low skin extensibility at the turning to the pink stage of ripeness, 3) thin skin, 4) thin pericarp, 5) shallow cutin penetration, 6) few fruits per plant, and 7) fruit not shaded by foliage. Following cultural practices that result in uniform and relatively slow fruit growth offers some protection against fruit cracking. These practices include maintenance of constant soil moisture and good Ca nutrition, along with keeping irrigation on the low side. Cultural practices that reduce diurnal fruit temperature changes also may reduce cracking. In the field, these practices include maintaining vegetative cover. Greenhouse growers should maintain minimal day/night temperature differences and increase temperatures gradually from nighttime to daytime levels. For both field and greenhouse tomato growers, harvesting before the pink stage of ripeness and selection of crack-resistant cultivars probably offers the best protection against cracking. Areas for future research include developing environmental models to predict cracking and exploring the use of Ca and gibberellic acid (GA) sprays to prevent cracking.}, number={2}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Peet, Mary}, year={1992}, pages={216} }
 @article{peet_willits_1992, title={HIGH NIGHTTIME TEMPERATURES DECREASE FRUITSET AND YIELD OF GREENHOUSE TOMATOES}, volume={27}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.596e}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.27.6.596e}, abstractNote={In the southern U.S. and other mild winter areas, the length of the harvest season for greenhouse tomatoes is limited by high night temperatures. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of this limitation by installing mechanical refrigeration to provide nighttime cooling in two of four computer-controlled greenhouses. For three crops of greenhouse tomatoes, nighttime temperatures in cooled houses were not allowed to rise above 20°C. Sixteen-week old transplants were placed in greenhouse treatments starting Mid-April ('91), mid-July ('90) and mid-August ('89). Fruit weights were significantly increased by nighttime cooling on all three planting dates, with weights increasing 11%, 28% and 53%, respectively. For the mid-July and mid-August plantings, fruitset, fruit size and % uncracked fruit were also increased significantly by nighttime cooling. Data collected in '90 showed that plants in the cooled houses required only an additional 2.4 days to mature and were only 10-15% taller, suggesting there were no significant plant-related disadvantages to nighttime cooling. Lack of stored heat and nighttime heat load in the greenhouses resulted in low cooling costs and refrigeration requirements, so nighttime cooling may also be commercially feasible.}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, Mary M. and Willits, Daniel H.}, year={1992}, month={Jun}, pages={596e–596} }
 @article{willits_nelson_peet_depa_kuehny_1992, title={Modeling Nutrient Uptake in Chrysanthemum as a Function of Growth Rate}, volume={117}, ISSN={0003-1062 2327-9788}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.769}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.117.5.769}, abstractNote={The results of six experiments conducted over 3 years were analyzed to develop a relationship between nutrient uptake rate and growth rate in hydroponically grown Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura, cv. Fiesta. Plants subjected to two levels of CO, and three levels of irradiance in four greenhouses were periodically analyzed for growth and the internal concentration of 11 mineral elements. The resulting data were used to determine relative accumulation rate and relative growth rate, which were included in linear regression analyses to determine the dependence of uptake on growth. The regression equations were significant, with a slight trend toward nonlinearity in some elements. This nonlinearity seems to be related to the aging of the plant and suggests a process in the plant capable of controlling uptake rate, perhaps as a result of changes in the rate of formation of different types of tissues.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Willits, D.H. and Nelson, P.V. and Peet, M.M. and Depa, M.A. and Kuehny, J.S.}, year={1992}, month={Sep}, pages={769–774} }
 @inproceedings{willits_peet_1992, title={Nighttime cooling using heat pumps in warm-weather greenhouse tomato production}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1992} }
 @inproceedings{willits_nelson_peet_depa_kuehny_1992, title={Nutrient uptake in chrysanthemum as affected by light, CO2 level and age}, author={Willits, D.H. and Nelson, P.V. and Peet, M.M. and Depa, M.A. and Kuehny, J.S.}, year={1992} }
 @inproceedings{peet_kroen_1992, title={Partitioning of C and N to roots during development of CO2-enriched tomato plants}, author={Peet, M.M. and Kroen, W.K.}, year={1992} }
 @article{peet_1992, title={SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: A LISA PROJECT TO DEVELOP A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR GROWERS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U.S.}, volume={27}, ISSN={0018-5345 2327-9834}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.673h}, DOI={10.21273/hortsci.27.6.673h}, abstractNote={It is often difficult to obtain information on producing vegetables using `sustainable' practices such as reduced inputs of pesticide and commercial fertilizers. Lack of such information is often cited by conventional farmers and extension agents as a reason for not adopting or assisting others in adopting sustainable techniques. As part of a Southern Region Low Input Sustainable Agricultural (LISA) Program, we are compiling a database which will include techniques for vegetable production acceptable to `organic' farmers as well as those acceptable to conventional farmers. This information source will include information on 17 specific vegetables and well as chapters on general topics such as cover crops and weed control. We hope to make this information available both as a production manual and by way of an electronic information retrieval system. Steps in the development of this project include initially soliciting input from farmers and extension workers on the preferred content and format and conducting an on-going evaluation by these groups as segments are developed. The database should be available within 2 years in both electronic and hardcopy versions.}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, Mary M.}, year={1992}, month={Jun}, pages={673h–674} }
 @article{peet_willits_1992, title={Tomato Fruit Cracking}, number={spring}, journal={Greenhouse Grower}, publisher={Meister Media Worldwide}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1992} }
 @inproceedings{willits_peet_1991, title={A model for greenhouse cooling}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1991} }
 @article{tripp_peet_willits_pharr_1991, title={C02-enhanced Foliar Deformation of Tomato: Relationship to Foliar Starch Concentration}, volume={116}, ISSN={0003-1062 2327-9788}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.5.876}, DOI={10.21273/jashs.116.5.876}, abstractNote={Two cultivars of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown with ambient or 1000 μl CO2/liter during Jan.-June 1987 and 1988. In both years, CO2-enrichment increased foliar deformation and foliar starch, but during the season, foliar starch levels decreased while deformation increased. `Laura' had more deformation, while `Michigan-Ohio' had higher foliar starch concentration. During an entire season, there was no significant relationship between foliar starch concentration and deformation severity. Foliar C exchange rates in the lower canopy were not affected by severity of deformation. Data from these experiments do not support the hypothesis that excess foliar starch is responsible for foliar deformation at elevated CO2.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Tripp, K.E. and Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Pharr, D.M.}, year={1991}, month={Sep}, pages={876–880} }
 @inbook{peet_willits_tripp_kroen_pharr_depa_nelson_1991, title={CO2 enrichment responses of chrysanthemum, cucumber and tomato: photosynthesis, growth, nutrient concentrations and yield}, booktitle={Proceedings on the Impact of Global Climatic Changes on Photosynthesis and Plant Productivity, New Delhi, India}, publisher={Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Tripp, K.E. and Kroen, W.K. and Pharr, D.M. and Depa, M.A. and Nelson, P.V.}, year={1991}, pages={193–212} }
 @inproceedings{peet_willits_tripp_kroen_pharr_depa_nelson_1991, place={Delhi, India}, title={CO2 enrichment responses of chrysanthemum, cucumber and tomato: photosynthesis, growth, nutrient concentrations and yield}, booktitle={Impact of global climatic changes on photosynthesis and plant productivity. Proceedings of the Indo-US Workshop held on Jan. 8-12 1991 at New Delhi, India}, publisher={FERRO. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Tripp, K.E. and Kroen, W.K. and Pharr, D.M. and Depa, M.A. and Nelson, P.V.}, year={1991} }
 @article{tripp_peet_pharr_willits_nelson_1991, title={CO2-Enhanced Yield and Foliar Deformation among Tomato Genotypes in Elevated CO2 Environments}, volume={96}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.96.3.713}, DOI={10.1104/pp.96.3.713}, abstractNote={Yield increases observed among eight genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown at ambient CO2 (about 350) or 1000 microliters per liter CO2 were not due to carbon exchange rate increases. Yield varied among genotypes while carbon exchange rate did not. Yield increases were due to a change in partitioning from root to fruit. Tomatoes grown with CO2 enrichment exhibited nonepinastic foliar deformation similar to nutrient deficiency symptoms. Foliar deformation varied among genotypes, increased throughout the season, and became most severe at elevated CO2. Foliar deformation was positively related to fruit yield. Foliage from the lower canopy was sampled throughout the growing season and analysed for starch, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations. Foliar K and Mn concentrations were the only elements correlated with deformation severity. Foliar K decreased while deformation increased. In another study, foliage of half the plants of one genotype received foliar applications of 7 millimolar KH2PO4. Untreated foliage showed significantly greater deformation than treated foliage. Reduced foliar K concentration may cause CO2-enhanced foliar deformation. Reduced K may occur following decreased nutrient uptake resulting from reduced root mass due to the change in partitioning from root to fruit.}, number={3}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Tripp, Kim E. and Peet, Mary M. and Pharr, D. Mason and Willits, Daniel H. and Nelson, Paul V.}, year={1991}, month={Jul}, pages={713–719} }
 @article{stoop_willits_peet_nelson_1991, title={Carbon Gain and Photosynthetic Response of Chrysanthemum to Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density Cycles}, volume={96}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.96.2.529}, DOI={10.1104/pp.96.2.529}, abstractNote={Most models of carbon gain as a function of photosynthetic irradiance assume an instantaneous response to increases and decreases in irradiance. High- and low-light-grown plants differ, however, in the time required to adjust to increases and decreases in irradiance. In this study the response to a series of increases and decreases in irradiance was observed in Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat. "Fiesta" and compared with calculated values assuming an instantaneous response. There were significant differences between high- and low-light-grown plants in their photosynthetic response to four sequential photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) cycles consisting of 5-minute exposures to 200 and 400 micromoles per square meter per second (mumol m(-2)s(-1)). The CO(2) assimilation rate of high-light-grown plants at the cycle peak increased throughout the PPFD sequence, but the rate of increase was similar to the increase in CO(2) assimilation rate observed under continuous high-light conditions. Low-light leaves showed more variability in their response to light cycles with no significant increase in CO(2) assimilation rate at the cycle peak during sequential cycles. Carbon gain and deviations from actual values (percentage carbon gain over- or underestimation) based on assumptions of instantaneous response were compared under continuous and cyclic light conditions. The percentage carbon gain overestimation depended on the PPFD step size and growth light level of the leaf. When leaves were exposed to a large PPFD increase, the carbon gain was overestimated by 16 to 26%. The photosynthetic response to 100 mumol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD increases and decreases was rapid, and the small overestimation of the predicted carbon gain, observed during photosynthetic induction, was almost entirely negated by the carbon gain underestimation observed after a decrease. If the PPFD cycle was 200 or 400 mumol m(-2) s(-1), high- and low-light leaves showed a carbon gain overestimation of 25% that was not negated by the underestimation observed after a light decrease. When leaves were exposed to sequential PPFD cycles (200-400 mumol m(-2) s(-1)), carbon gain did not differ from leaves exposed to a single PPFD cycle of identical irradiance integral that had the same step size (200-400-200 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) or mean irradiance (200-300-200 mumol m(-2) s(-1)).}, number={2}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Stoop, Johan M. H. and Willits, Dan H. and Peet, Mary M. and Nelson, Paul V.}, year={1991}, month={Jun}, pages={529–536} }
 @article{niedziela_nelson_peet_1991, title={Effect of salt-shocks and macronutrient concentration on tomato fruit quality and prediction by pre-flower leaf organic acid content}, volume={26}, journal={HortScience}, author={Niedziela, C.E., Jr. and Nelson, P.V. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1991}, pages={703} }
 @article{kroen_peet_1991, title={High CO2 concentration alters carbohydrate partitioning in favor of shoots in tomato}, volume={96}, number={Suppl.}, journal={Plant Physiology}, author={Kroen, W.K. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1991}, pages={101} }
 @article{kuehny_peet_nelson_willits_1991, title={Nutrient Dilution by Starch in CO2-enriched Chrysanthemum}, volume={42}, ISSN={0022-0957 1460-2431}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.6.711}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/42.6.711}, abstractNote={Journal Article Nutrient Dilution by Starch in CO2-enriched Chrysanthemum Get access JEFF S. KUEHNY, JEFF S. KUEHNY Departments of Horticultural ScienceBox 7609 and Biological and Agricultural EngineeringBox 7625, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, N.C. 27695-7609, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARY M. PEET, MARY M. PEET 2 Departments of Horticultural ScienceBox 7609 and Biological and Agricultural EngineeringBox 7625, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, N.C. 27695-7609, USA 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAUL V. NELSON, PAUL V. NELSON Departments of Horticultural ScienceBox 7609 and Biological and Agricultural EngineeringBox 7625, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, N.C. 27695-7609, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAN H. WILLITS DAN H. WILLITS Departments of Horticultural ScienceBox 7609 and Biological and Agricultural EngineeringBox 7625, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, N.C. 27695-7609, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 42, Issue 6, June 1991, Pages 711–716, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.6.711 Published: 01 June 1991 Article history Received: 28 September 1990 Accepted: 05 December 1990 Published: 01 June 1991}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Experimental Botany}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Kuehny, Jeff S. and Peet, Mary M. and Nelson, Paul V. and Willits, Dan H.}, year={1991}, pages={711–716} }
 @article{peet_1991, title={The when, where and why of fruit cracking in tomato}, journal={NC Tomato News}, publisher={North Carolina Tomato Growers Association}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1991}, month={Apr} }
 @article{peet_1991, title={Tomato Fruit Cracking: Myth, Mystery and some Facts}, journal={North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers’ Association Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1991}, month={Mar} }
 @article{peet_willits_1991, title={Tomato fruit cracking: cultural, environmental, developmental and genetic pieces of the puzzle}, volume={26}, journal={HortScience}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1991}, pages={779} }
 @article{tripp_peet_pharr_willits_1990, title={CO2 enrichment of tomatoes: relationship of foliar stress symptoms to starch concentrations and carbon exchange rates}, volume={93}, number={Suppl.}, journal={Plant Physiology}, author={Tripp, K. and Peet, M. and Pharr, D.M. and Willits, D.}, year={1990}, pages={56} }
 @inproceedings{peet_willits_tripp_pharr_depa_kuehny_nelson_1990, place={Raleigh, N.C}, title={Case Studies of CO2 enrichment responses: chrysanthemum, cucumbers and tomatoes}, volume={479}, booktitle={Proceedings Global Climate Change Symposium}, publisher={North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS)}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Tripp, K.E. and Pharr, D.M. and Depa, M.A. and Kuehny, J.S. and Nelson, P.V.}, year={1990}, pages={52–61} }
 @article{peet_1990, title={Does CO2 enrichment pay off in North Carolina greenhouses?}, journal={North Carolina Greenhouse Vegetable Growers' Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1990}, month={Mar} }
 @inbook{willits_peet_depa_kuehny_nelson_1990, title={Modulation of nutrient uptake in Chrysanthemum by irradiance, CO2, season and developmental stage}, ISSN={0952-6463}, number={20}, booktitle={Monograph- Mechanisms of plant perceptions and response to environmental stimuli}, publisher={British Society for Plant Growth Regulation}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M. and Depa, M.A. and Kuehny, J.S. and Nelson, P.V.}, editor={Thomas, T.H. and Smith, A.R.Editors}, year={1990}, pages={59–65} }
 @article{stoop_peet_willits_nelson_1990, title={Photosynthetic Dynamics in Chrysanthemum in Response to Single Step Increases and Decreases in Photon Flux Density}, volume={94}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.94.1.46}, DOI={10.1104/pp.94.1.46}, abstractNote={The time-course of CO(2) assimilation rate and stomatal conductance to step changes in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was observed in Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat. ;Fiesta'. When PPFD was increased from 200 to 600 micromoles per square meter per second, the rate of photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation showed an initial rapid increase over the first minute followed by a slower increase over the next 12 to 38 minutes, with a faster response in low-light-grown plants. Leaves exposed to small step increases (100 micromoles per square meter per second) reached the new steady-state assimilation rate within a minute. Both stomatal and biochemical limitations played a role during photosynthetic induction, but carboxylation limitations seemed to predominate during the first 5 to 10 minutes. Stomatal control during the slow phase of induction was less important in low-light compared to high-light-grown plants. In response to step decreases in PPFD, photosynthetic rate decreased rapidly and a depression in CO(2) assimilation prior to steady-state was observed. This CO(2) assimilation ;dip' was considerably larger for the large step (400 micromoles per square meter per second) than for the small step. The rapid photosynthetic response seems to be controlled by biochemical processes. High- and low-light-grown plants did not differ in their photosynthetic response to PPFD step decreases.}, number={1}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Stoop, Johan M. H. and Peet, Mary M. and Willits, Dan H. and Nelson, Paul V.}, year={1990}, month={Sep}, pages={46–53} }
 @article{tripp_peet_pharr_willits_1989, title={CO2-toxicity in greenhouse tomato: interaction with carbohydrate metabolism}, volume={89}, number={Suppl.}, journal={Plant Physiology}, author={Tripp, K.E. and Peet, M.M. and Pharr, D.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1989}, pages={6} }
 @article{peet_willits_1989, title={Does CO2 Enrichment Pay?}, journal={American Vegetable Grower}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1989}, month={Aug}, pages={46–50} }
 @inproceedings{stoop_willits_nelson_peet_1989, title={Photosynthetic dynamics in Chrysanthemum in response to step changes in photon flux density}, author={Stoop, J.H. and Willits, D.H. and Nelson, P.V. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1989} }
 @article{willits_peet_1989, title={Predicting yield responses to different greenhouse CO2 enrichment schemes: cucumbers and tomatoes}, volume={44}, ISSN={0168-1923}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(89)90022-1}, DOI={10.1016/0168-1923(89)90022-1}, abstractNote={Data from six years of carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment studies at North Carolina State University were analyzed in an attempt to develop predictive relationships for plant responses to different enrichment schemes and CO2 levels (600–5000 μl l−1). Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) and tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were enriched using: (i) closed-loop cooling to extend enrichment periods beyond that generally practicable and (ii) elevated CO2 levels to compensate for short enrichment times normally encountered in conventional enrichment. Yields of nine cultivars of cucumber and seven of tomato, from both ground bed and bag culture, were regressed against solar energy, number of enrichment hours, fractional enrichment time, CO2 set point concentration (i.e., target concentration), and actual daily CO2 concentration. Absolute yields for cucumber were found to be strongly related to the solar energy received and, to a lesser degree, the number of enrichment hours. CO2 concentration, either set point or actual, was significant only when included in quadratic form. The relationship developed suggests that the optimum concentration is inversely related to the length of the enrichment period and that the product of the number of enrichment hours and the set point concentration should equal 14 400 μl h l−1. Absolute yields for tomato were also highly dependent upon solar energy, and to a lesser degree, either actual CO2 concentration, number of enrichment hours, or fractional enrichment time. Weight gain advantages for cucumber were found to be a linear function of fractional enrichment time (enrichment time divided by solar daylength), reaching a maximum value of 54% when continuously enriched during daylight hours. Weight gain advantages for tomato were found to be a non-linear function of fractional enrichment time with values of fractional enrichment time less than 0.5 producing little or no gain.}, number={3-4}, journal={Agricultural and Forest Meteorology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1989}, month={Jan}, pages={275–293} }
 @article{tripp_peet_pharr_willits_1988, title={CO2 toxicity in greenhouse tomatoes: role of carbohydrate metabolism}, volume={23}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Tripp, K.E. and Peet, M.M. and Pharr, D.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1988}, pages={154–155} }
 @article{peet_willits_poling_1988, title={Rockwool promising in tomato, strawberry study}, journal={American Vegetable Grower}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Poling, E.B.}, year={1988}, month={Jun}, pages={54–58} }
 @article{peet_willits_depa_nelson_1987, title={CO2 and irradiance level effects on photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and growth of chrysanthemums}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Depa, M. and Nelson, P.V.}, year={1987} }
 @article{kuehny_depa_nelson_willits_peet_1987, title={Dependence of nutrient uptake in Chrysanthemum morifolium on growth rate as influenced by CO2 and irradiance}, volume={22}, number={5}, journal={HortScience}, author={Kuehny, J. and Depa, M. and Nelson, P. and Willits, D. and Peet, M.}, year={1987}, month={Nov}, pages={1095} }
 @article{willits_peet_1987, title={Factors Affecting the Performance of Rockstorages as Solar Energy Collection/Storage Systems for Greenhouses}, volume={30}, ISSN={2151-0059}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30431}, DOI={10.13031/2013.30431}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT DATA from 6 years operation were analyzed in order to identify important factors affecting the performance of rockstorages as devices for saving energy and enhancing CO2 enrichment in greenhouses. The data were taken from two similar rockstorages of slightly different design attached to two different size greenhouses. The data included seasons conducted with four different crops (lettuce, peas, tomatoes, and cucumbers), two different covers (single fiberglass and double polyethylene), with and without CO2 enrichment, systems of two sizes with similar wind exposures, and systems of the same size with different wind exposures. Fuel savings using the rockstorages ranged from a low of 54.8 MJ/m2 in the winter of 1981 to a high of 143.3 MJ/m2 in the spring of 1979. Percentage enrichment time ranged from 64.3% for the spring of 1984 to 100% in the winter of 1981, up to 45% more enrichment time than conventionally enriched treatments. Electrical energy debit, the additional electricity required to operate the rockstorages, ranged from 9.5 MJ/m^ to 34.6 MJ/m2 whereas collection efficiency varied from 8.0% to 19.3%. Equations for fuel savings, percentage enrichment time, electrical consumption increase, and collection efficiency were determined from the data and evaluated to provide a basis for comparing the effects of important seasonal differences. Fuel savings was found to be a non-linear function of average outside temperature and solar energy and to decrease with CO2 enrichment and increasing severity of wind exposure. Fuel savings under fiberglass was not significantly different from those under double polyethylene. No differences attributable to system size were found. Percentage enrichment time decreased linearly with increasing outside temperature and solar radiation and was found to be negatively affected by decreasing vent set point temperature but not by system size or severity of exposure. Electrical energy debit was found to increase linearly with increasing temperature and solar radiation as well as with CO2 enrichment, decreasing vent set point temperature, and system size. Collection efficiency was found to be a non-linear function of average outside temperature and to increase with CO2 enrichment; however, the increase was not beneficial. Peak efficiency was less under double polyethylene than under fiberglass and decreased with decreasing venting and heating set point temperature; however, the utilization of the energy was better under low temperature conditions so that total fuel savings increased.}, number={1}, journal={Transactions of the ASAE}, publisher={American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)}, author={Willits, D. H. and Peet, M. M.}, year={1987}, pages={0221–0232} }
 @article{peet_willits_1987, title={Greenhouse CO2 enrichment alternatives: Effects of increasing concentration or duration of enrichment on cucumber yields}, volume={112}, number={2}, journal={Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={1987}, pages={236} }
 @article{willits_peet_1987, title={Greenhouses and rockbeds: Are they compatible?}, journal={Greenhouse Grower}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1987}, month={Aug}, pages={88–91} }
 @article{peet_1986, title={ACCLIMATION TO HIGH CO2 IN MONOECIOUS CUCUMBERS .1. VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0032-0889"]}, DOI={10.1104/pp.80.1.59}, abstractNote={CO(2) concentrations of 1000 compared to 350 microliters per liter in controlled environment chambers did not increase total fruit weight or number in a monoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Chipper) nor did it increase biomass, leaf area, or relative growth rates beyond the first 16 days after seeding. Average fruit weight was slightly, but not significantly greater in the 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) treatment because fruit numbers were changed more than total weight. Plants grown at 1000 and 350 microliters per liter CO(2) were similar in distribution of dry matter and leaf area between mainstem, axillary, and subaxillary branches. Early flower production was greater in 1000 microliters per liter plants. Subsequent flower numbers were either lower in enriched plants or similar in the two treatments, except for the harvest at fruiting when enriched plants produced many more male flowers than the 350 microliters per liter treatments.}, number={1}, journal={PLANT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={PEET, MM}, year={1986}, month={Jan}, pages={59–62} }
 @article{peet_huber_patterson_1986, title={ACCLIMATION TO HIGH CO2 IN MONOECIOUS CUCUMBERS .2. CARBON EXCHANGE-RATES, ENZYME-ACTIVITIES, AND STARCH AND NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0032-0889"]}, DOI={10.1104/pp.80.1.63}, abstractNote={Carbon exchange capacity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germinated and grown in controlled environment chambers at 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) decreased from the vegetative growth stage to the fruiting stage, during which time capacity of plants grown at 350 microliters per liter increased. Carbon exchange rates (CERs) measured under growth conditions during the fruiting period were, in fact, lower in plants grown at 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) than those grown at 350. Progressive decreases in CERs in 1000 microliters per liter plants were associated with decreasing stomatal conductances and activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase. Leaf starch concentrations were higher in 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) grown-plants than in 350 microliters per liter grown plants but calcium and nitrogen concentrations were lower, the greatest difference occurring at flowering. Sucrose synthase and sucrose-P-synthase activities were similar in 1000 microliters per liter compared to 350 microliters per liter plants during vegetative growth and flowering but higher in 350 microliters per liter plants at fruiting. The decreased carbon exchange rates observed in this cultivar at 1000 microliters per liter CO(2) could explain the lack of any yield increase (MM Peet 1986 Plant Physiol 80: 59-62) when compared with plants grown at 350 microliters per liter.}, number={1}, journal={PLANT PHYSIOLOGY}, author={PEET, MM and HUBER, SC and PATTERSON, DT}, year={1986}, month={Jan}, pages={63–67} }
 @article{peet_willits_depa_nelson_1986, title={Development of a database for modeling CO2 and light effects on photosynthesis and growth in Chrysanthemum morifolium}, volume={21}, number={887}, journal={HortScience}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Depa, M. and Nelson, P.V.}, year={1986}, month={Aug} }
 @article{depa_nelson_willits_peet_1986, title={Effect of CO2 and light intensity on nutrient uptake in Chrysanthemum morifolium}, volume={21}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, author={Depa, M. and Nelson, P.V. and Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1986}, pages={763} }
 @article{abbott_peet_willits_sanders_gough_1986, title={Effects of irrigation frequency and scheduling on fruit production and radial fruit cracking in greenhouse tomatoes in soil beds and in a soil-less medium in bags}, volume={28}, ISSN={0304-4238}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(86)90002-6}, DOI={10.1016/0304-4238(86)90002-6}, abstractNote={The effects on yield and radial fruit cracking of 2 media (soil in beds and soil-less medium in bags) and 2 drip-irrigation frequencies (once and 4 times daily) were determined for 4 greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L. Mill.) cultivars. For plants grown in soil-less medium, 2 tensiometer-controlled, drip-irrigation scheduling methods were compared. ‘Michigan’—‘Ohio’ hybrid fruit cracked significantly more than the 3 remaining cultivars, but did not differ in production of total and No. 1 fruit. The amount and severity of fruit cracking was least from the soil-less, bag-cultured plants. Total mean fruit weight was greatest from soil-grown plants. Although no differences in cracking occurred in the fruit from soil-less, bag-cultured plants, those whose irrigation was based on soil-less medium tensiometer readings produced lower total mean fruit weight than those whose irrigation was based on soil tensiometer readings. Number and weight of defective fruit was lowest from plants grown in soil-less medium and whose irrigation was based on soil tensiometer readings, and greatest from soil-grown plants. Fruit cracking was reduced by increasing the irrigation frequency from 1 to 4 times daily.}, number={3}, journal={Scientia Horticulturae}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Abbott, J.D. and Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H. and Sanders, D.C. and Gough, R.E.}, year={1986}, month={Apr}, pages={209–217} }
 @article{peet_1985, title={Grow longer and boost density to beef up yields}, journal={American Vegetable Grower}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1985}, month={Apr}, pages={88–89} }
 @article{peet_1985, title={How often is enough? The dilemma of watering tomatoes}, journal={N.C. Greenhouse Vegetable Growers' Association Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1985}, pages={4–7} }
 @article{willits_chandra_peet_1985, title={Modeling solar energy storage systems for greenhouses}, volume={32}, journal={Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research}, author={Willits, D.H. and Chandra, P. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1985}, pages={73–93} }
 @article{peet_willits_1985, title={Photosynthetic and stomatal responses of tomatoes and cucumbers to long-term CO2 enrichment}, volume={77}, number={61}, journal={Plant Physiology}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1985} }
 @article{peet_raper_tolley_robarge_1985, title={TOMATO RESPONSES TO AMMONIUM AND NITRATE NUTRITION UNDER CONTROLLED ROOT-ZONE PH}, volume={8}, ISSN={["0190-4167"]}, DOI={10.1080/01904168509363384}, abstractNote={Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill. 'Vendor') plants were grown for 21 days in flowing solution culture with N supplied as either 1.0 mM NO3- or 1.0 mM NH4+. Acidity in the solutions was automatically maintained at pH 6.0. Accumulation and distribution of dry matter and total N and net photosynthetic rate were not affected by source of N. Thus, when rhizosphere acidity was controlled at pH 6.0 during uptake, either NO3- or NH4+ can be used efficiently by tomato. Uptake of K+ and Ca2+ were not altered by N source, but uptake of Mg2+ was reduced in NH4(+)-fed plants. This indicates that uptake of Mg2+ was regulated at least partially by ionic balance within the plant.}, number={9}, journal={JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION}, author={PEET, MM and RAPER, CD and TOLLEY, LC and ROBARGE, WP}, year={1985}, pages={787–798} }
 @article{abbott_peet_willits_1985, title={Water management of greenhouse tomatoes in soil and soilless media}, volume={20}, journal={HortScience}, author={Abbott, J.D. and Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1985}, pages={688–690} }
 @article{peet_willits_1984, title={CO2 ENRICHMENT OF GREENHOUSE TOMATOES USING A CLOSED-LOOP HEAT-STORAGE - EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR AND NITROGEN}, volume={24}, ISSN={["0304-4238"]}, DOI={10.1016/0304-4238(84)90004-9}, abstractNote={Spring crops of soil-grown greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersion Lycopersicum (L.) Karst ex. Farw cultivars MO and TR-VE 23) were provided with three levels of nitrogen addition with and without added CO2. Using a closed-loop solar collection/storage system, crops could be CO2-enriched for 76–77% of the daylight hours. CO2 enrichment increased No. 1 grade fruit weight by 14 and 27% and by 4 and 18% for both cultivars in 1981 and 1982, respectively. Although the method and amount of nitrogen application differed between 1981 and 1982, a trend was seen in both years for low nitrogen treatments to produce a greater response to CO2 enrichment than high nitrogen treatments. A trend was also seen in both years for low nitrogen treatment to depress yield and quality in the non-enriched house, but to have no effect in the enriched house. This trend was particularly apparent in the cultivar with lower vegetative vigor, which also responded more overall to CO2 enrichment than the cultivar with greater vegetative vigor.}, number={1}, journal={SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE}, author={PEET, MM and WILLITS, DH}, year={1984}, pages={21–32} }
 @inproceedings{willits_peet_1984, title={CO2 enrichment in solar collection/storage systems for greenhouses}, booktitle={Proceedings Fourth Annual Solar and Biomass Energy Workshop}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1984}, month={Apr} }
 @article{peet_1984, title={CO2 enrichment of soybeans. Effects of leaf/pod ratio}, volume={60}, ISSN={0031-9317 1399-3054}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb04246.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb04246.x}, abstractNote={The effect of varying leaf number on response of soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr. cv. Fiskeby V) to CO2enrichment was studied. Plants were trimmed at pod set to 15 pods and 1 or 3 leaves (15:1 and 5:1 pod/leaf ratio) and placed in 350 or 1000 μl/l CO2growth chambers. Photosynthetic rates and dry weights were measured 6 times in all plants at each CO2concentration over a period of 39 days. Measured at treatment CO2concentration, photosynthetic rates deelined rapidly in enriched plants, but remained higher than those of non‐enriched plants. When all plants were measured at the same CO2concentration, for most sampling dates, neither growth, CO2concentration or pod/leaf ratio significantly affected rates of photosynthesis per unit area of comparable leaves. CO2enrichment significantly increased total weights and pod weights in 15:1 but not 5:1 pod/leaf ratio plants. Plants with a 5:1 pod/leaf ratio had significantly higher total and pod weights than 15:1 ratio plants. Both the photosynthesis and dry weight data suggest that plants in the 5:1 ratio enriched treatment were sink‐limited, but plants in all other treatments were source limited.}, number={1}, journal={Physiologia Plantarum}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Peet, Mary M.}, year={1984}, month={Jan}, pages={38–42} }
 @inproceedings{peet_1984, title={Control of Assimilation by CO2 Concentration: Workshop on Carbohydrate Allocation and Carbon Partitioning}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1984}, month={Aug} }
 @inproceedings{peet_1984, title={Effect of sink demand on crop response to CO2 enrichment}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1984} }
 @inproceedings{abbott_peet_1984, title={Effects of irrigation method and frequency on fruit cracking and yields in soil and 'layflat' bag cultured tomatoes}, author={Abbott, J.D. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1984} }
 @article{peet_willits_1984, title={Source/sink factors affecting response of greenhouse tomatoes to CO2 enrichment}, DOI={10.17660/actahortic.1984.162.11}, number={162}, journal={Acta Horticulturae}, author={Peet, Mary and Willits, D. H.}, year={1984}, pages={121} }
 @article{peet_1984, title={Watering Tomatoes: Ground beds vs. bags}, journal={American Vegetable Grower}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1984}, month={Apr}, pages={52–54} }
 @inproceedings{peet_huber_patterson_1983, title={CO2 enrichment effects on cucumber growth, fruiting, photosynthesis and enzyme activities}, volume={72}, author={Peet, M.M. and Huber, S. and Patterson, D.T.}, year={1983}, pages={8} }
 @article{peet_1983, title={Carbon dioxide on the rocks}, journal={Greenhouse Grower}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1983}, month={Aug} }
 @book{teare_peet_1983, place={New York}, title={Crop-Water Relations}, ISBN={0471046302; 9780471046301}, publisher={John Wiley & Sons, Inc}, year={1983} }
 @article{peet_1983, title={News for North Carolina}, journal={Illinois Greenhouse Growers Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1983}, pages={1–3} }
 @article{peet_1982, title={Effects of planting density, CO2 enrichment and postplanting fertilization on greenhouse lettuce yields}, journal={N. C. Greenhouse Veg. Grower's Association Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1982}, pages={7–8} }
 @article{peet_1982, title={Greenhouse lettuce}, journal={N. C. Greenhouse Vegetable Growers' Association Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1982}, pages={5–7} }
 @article{peet_willits_1982, title={The effect of density and postplanting fertilization on response of lettuce to CO2 enrichment}, volume={17}, number={6}, journal={HortScience}, author={Peet, M. M. and Willits, D. H.}, year={1982}, pages={948} }
 @article{peet_willits_1982, place={Ames, Iowa}, title={Use of a CO2-enriched solar energy collection/storage greenhouse for vegetable production in the southeast}, volume={17}, number={3}, journal={HortScience}, publisher={American Society for Horticultural Science}, author={Peet, M.M. and Willits, D.H.}, year={1982}, month={Aug}, pages={86} }
 @article{peet_1982, title={Use of natural predators to control leafminers, white flies, and aphids}, volume={1}, journal={N. C. Greenhouse Veg. Growers' Association Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1982}, pages={3–5} }
 @article{peet_1981, title={CO2 Enrichment of a rockbed-connected greenhouse: Fuel saving plus increased productivity}, journal={N. C. Greenhouse Vegetable Growers' Association Newsletter}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1981}, month={Nov} }
 @book{willits_peet_1981, series={Microfiche collection}, title={CO2 enrichment in a solar energy collection/storage greenhouse}, number={81-4525.}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1981}, collection={Microfiche collection} }
 @inproceedings{peet_clough_1981, title={Effect of varying source strength on photosynthetic rates and dry weights of soybeans}, author={Peet, M.M. and Clough, J.M.}, year={1981} }
 @article{clough_peet_kramer_1981, title={Effects of High Atmospheric CO2 and Sink Size on Rates of Photosynthesis of a Soybean Cultivar}, volume={67}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.67.5.1007}, DOI={10.1104/pp.67.5.1007}, abstractNote={The effect of sink strength on photosynthetic rates under conditions of long-term exposure to high CO(2) has been investigated in soybean. Soybean plants (Merr. cv. Fiskeby V) were grown in growth chambers containing 350 microliters CO(2) per liter air until pod set. At that time, plants were trimmed to three trifoliolate leaves and either 21 pods (high sink treatment) or 6 pods (low sink treatment). Trimmed plants were either left in 350 microliters CO(2) per liter of air or placed in 1000 microliters CO(2) per liter of air (high CO(2) treatment) until pod maturity. Whole plant net photosynthetic rates of all plants were measured twice weekly, both at 350 microliters CO(2) per liter of air and 1000 microliters CO(2) per liter of air. Plants were also harvested at this time for dry weight measurements. Photosynthetic rates of high sink plants at both measurement CO(2) concentrations were consistently higher than those of low sink plants, and those of plants given the 350 microliter CO(2) per liter of air treatment were higher at both measurement CO(2) concentrations than those of plants given the 1000 microliters CO(2) per liter of air treatment. When plants were measured under treatment CO(2) levels, however, rates were higher in 1,000 microliter plants than 350 microliter CO(2) plants. Dry weights of all plant parts were higher in the 1,000 microliters CO(2) per liter air treatment than in the 350 microliters CO(2) per liter air treatment, and were higher in the low sink than in the high sink treatments.}, number={5}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Clough, John M. and Peet, Mary M. and Kramer, Paul J.}, year={1981}, month={May}, pages={1007–1010} }
 @inproceedings{peet_clough_1981, title={Effects of alternating exposure to high and low CO2 concentrations on dry matter production in soybeans}, author={Peet, M.M. and Clough, J.M.}, year={1981} }
 @article{clough_peet_1981, title={Effects of intermittent exposure to high atmospheric CO2 on vegetative growth in soybean}, volume={53}, ISSN={0031-9317 1399-3054}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb02752.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb02752.x}, abstractNote={Short‐term exposure to high CO2 increases rates of photosynthesis and growth in soybeans, but with prolonged high CO2 exposure, these high rates are sometimes not maintained. Growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Fiskeby V) seedlings kept for 25 days at atmospheres of 350 or 1000 μ/l CO2 was compared with growth of plants given 2, 4 or 6 day alternating exposure to high and low CO2 levels (13 days of total exposure to each level). Final dry weight of plants increased with number of days in high CO2 but leaf areas were not greatly affected. Thus dry weight gains per unit leaf area (net assimilation rates) were higher in high CO2 than in low CO2 throughout the entire period of the experiment and the pattern of exposure to high CO2 did not affect the rate of dry weight gain in high CO2.}, number={4}, journal={Physiologia Plantarum}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Clough, J. M. and Peet, M. M.}, year={1981}, month={Dec}, pages={565–569} }
 @inproceedings{peet_clough_1981, title={Response of photosynthesis and yield in soybeans to CO2 enrichment: interactions with source strength}, author={Peet, M.M. and Clough, J.M.}, year={1981} }
 @book{willits_peet_chandra_1981, title={The effect of transpiration on the solar collection potential of a greenhouse}, number={81-4041}, author={Willits, D.H. and Peet, M.M. and Chandra, P.}, year={1981} }
 @inproceedings{peet_clough_1980, title={Effect of sink availability and high and low CO2 concentration on photosynthesis and dry matter production}, author={Peet, M.M. and Clough, J.M.}, year={1980} }
 @inproceedings{peet_clough_1980, title={Effects of CO2 concentration and level of sink demand on gas exchange and growth of soybean}, author={Peet, M.M. and Clough, J.M.}, year={1980} }
 @article{peet_kramer_1980, title={Effects of decreasing source/sink ratio in soybeans on photosynthesis, photorespiration, transpiration and yield.}, volume={3}, ISSN={0140-7791 1365-3040}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11581547}, DOI={10.1111/1365-3040.ep11581547}, abstractNote={Abstract. Shading of all side leaflets of a determinate soybean cultivar during pod filling significantly increased rates of photosynthesis in the unshaded centre leaflets, compared to centre leaflets of controls. Higher rates were associated with both higher stomatal and mesophyll conductances, and were reversible within 2 days when shades were removed. These higher rates of photosynthesis were not associated with decreased percentage enhancement by low oxygen, indicating that treatment effects were probably not associated with changes in photorespiration relative to photosynthesis. Percentage enhancement did, however increase as the plants approached physiological maturity, chiefly because of a decrease in photosynthesis.}, number={3}, journal={Plant, Cell and Environment}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Peet, M. M. and Kramer, P. J.}, year={1980}, month={Jun}, pages={201–206} }
 @inproceedings{clough_peet_strain_1980, title={Effects of high atmospheric CO2 and sink demand on photosynthetic rates}, author={Clough, J.M. and Peet, M.M. and Strain, B.R.}, year={1980} }
 @article{markhart iii_peet_sionit_kramer_1980, title={Low temperature acclimation of root fatty acid composition, leaf water potential, gas exchange and growth of soybean seedlings.}, volume={3}, ISSN={0140-7791 1365-3040}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11586908}, DOI={10.1111/1365-3040.ep11586908}, abstractNote={Abstract Root fatty acid composition, photosynthesis, leaf water potentials, stomatal resistances, leaf specific weights, and root: shoot ratios of soybean were measured in two temperature regimes.}, number={6}, journal={Plant, Cell and Environment}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Markhart III, Albert H. and Peet, Mary M. and Sionit, Nasser and Kramer, Paul J.}, year={1980}, month={Dec}, pages={435–441} }
 @inproceedings{peet_kramer_1979, title={Reversible enhancement of rates of soybean photosynthesis through shading of side leaflets}, author={Peet, M.M. and Kramer, P.J.}, year={1979} }
 @article{terri_peet_1978, title={Adaptation of malate dehydrogenase to environmental temperature variability in two populations of Potentilla glandulosa Lindl.}, volume={34}, ISSN={0029-8549 1432-1939}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00345162}, DOI={10.1007/bf00345162}, abstractNote={The responses of the kinetic properties of malate dehydrogenase to environmental temperature variability were compared for two populations of Potentilla glandulosa (Rosaceae). The two populations are native to regions of contrasting climates, with the inland population experiencing a high level of temperature variability during growth and the coastal populaton a low level of temperature variability. The substrate binding ability, as measured by apparent K  m  of both populations was relatively insensitive to assay temperature (Q  10 <2.0) over the range of temperatures likely to be encountered during growth. The breadth of this thermal optimum was different for the two populations with the K  m  of the inland plants exhibiting relative temperature insensitivity over a much wider range of temperatures than the K  m  of the coastal plants. There was no difference between the two populations in the thermal stability of MDH activity.}, number={2}, journal={Oecologia}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Terri, J. A. and Peet, M. M.}, year={1978}, pages={133–141} }
 @inproceedings{peet_kramer_1978, title={Effects of leaf and pod excision on photosynthetic rates, stomatal resistances and seed weights in Phaseolus vulgaris L}, author={Peet, M.M. and Kramer, P.J.}, year={1978} }
 @inproceedings{peet_kramer_1978, title={Effects of shading side leaflets and pods on soybean photosynthesis}, author={Peet, M.M. and Kramer, P.J.}, year={1978} }
 @inproceedings{kramer_peet_1978, title={Plant growth in field and phytotron}, author={Kramer, P.J. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1978} }
 @article{patterson_peet_bunce_1977, title={Effect of Photoperiod and Size at Flowering on Vegetative Growth and Seed Yield of Soybean}, volume={69}, ISSN={0002-1962 1435-0645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900040028x}, DOI={10.2134/agronj1977.00021962006900040028x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={Agronomy Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Patterson, David T. and Peet, Mary M. and Bunce, James A.}, year={1977}, month={Jul}, pages={631–635} }
 @article{warrington_peet_patterson_bunce_haslemore_hellmers_1977, title={Growth and Physiological Responses of Soybean Under Various Thermoperiods}, volume={4}, ISSN={1445-4408}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9770371}, DOI={10.1071/pp9770371}, abstractNote={Diurnal changes in net photosynthesis, dark respiration, specific leaf weight, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, starch and soluble sugar concentrations, and the activities of malate dehydro- genase and glycollate oxidase were measured in soybeans grown in 23/23,26/20 and 29/17°C thermo- periods, to determine their relationship to thermoperiodic effects on plant growth.     Soybean height and main stem leaf number were significantly higher under the constant daylnight (23/23°C) temperature regime. Leaf, stem and root dry weights, and specific leaf weight were all highest where the day/night temperature differential was greatest (29/17°C). Differences in net photosynthesis, dark respiration, starch and soluble sugar concentration, and malate dehydrogenase activity were small between the thermoperiod treatments. However, glycollate oxidase activity was higher under the constant-temperature conditions.     Starch concentration, specific leaf weight, and glycollate oxidase activity all increased throughout the photoperiod and subsequently decreased through the dark period. Net photosynthesis declined throughout the photoperiod and both dark respiration and malate dehydrogenase activity peaked at the beginning of the dark period. Each of these diurnal responses was similar under each thermoperiod. Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance did not differ between thermoperiods. }, number={3}, journal={Functional Plant Biology}, publisher={CSIRO Publishing}, author={Warrington, IJ and Peet, M and Patterson, DT and Bunce, J and Haslemore, RM and Hellmers, H}, year={1977}, pages={371} }
 @article{bunce_patterson_peet_alberte_1977, title={Light Acclimation During and After Leaf Expansion in Soybean}, volume={60}, ISSN={0032-0889 1532-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.60.2.255}, DOI={10.1104/pp.60.2.255}, abstractNote={Soybean plants (Glycine max var. Ransom) were grown at light intensities of 850 and 250 mueinsteins m(-2) sec(-1) of photosynthetically active radiation. A group of plants was shifted from each environment into the other environment 24 hours before the beginning of the experiment. Net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances were measured at 2,000 and 100 mueinsteins m(-2) sec(-1) photosynthetically active radiation on the 1st, 2nd, and 5th days of the experiment to determine the time course of photosynthetic light adaptation. The following factors were also measured: dark respiration, leaf water potential, leaf thickness, internal surface area per external surface area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic unit size and number, specific leaf weight, and activities of malate dehydrogenase, and glycolate oxidase. Comparisons were made with plants maintained in either 850 or 250 mueinsteins m(-2) sec(-1) environments. Changes in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf anatomy, leaf water potential, photosynthetic unit size, and glycolate oxidase activity occurred upon altering the light environment, and were complete within 1 day, whereas chlorophyll content, numbers of photosynthetic units, specific leaf weight, and malate dehydrogenase activity showed slower changes. Differences in photosynthetic rates at high light were largely accounted for by internal surface area differences with low environmental light associated with low internal area and low photosynthetic rate. An exception to this was the fact that plants grown at 250 mueinsteins m(-2) sec(-1) then switched to 850 mueinsteins m(-2) sec(-1) showed lower photosynthesis at high light than any other treatment. This was associated with higher glycolate oxidase and malate dehydrogenase activity. Photosynthesis at low light was higher in plants kept at or switched to the lower light environment. This increased rate was associated with larger photosynthetic unit size, and lower dark respiration and malate dehydrogenase activity. Both anatomical and physiological changes with environmental light occurred even after leaf expansion was complete and both were important in determining photosynthetic response to light.}, number={2}, journal={Plant Physiology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Bunce, James A. and Patterson, David T. and Peet, Mary M. and Alberte, Randall S.}, year={1977}, month={Aug}, pages={255–258} }
 @article{peet_bravo_wallace_ozbun_1977, title={Photosynthesis, Stomatal Resistance, and Enzyme Activities in Relation to Yield of Field‐grown Dry Bean Varieties}, volume={17}, ISSN={0011-183X 1435-0653}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183x001700020014x}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183x001700020014x}, abstractNote={Photosynthetic rates, stomatal resistances and the activities of three enzymes; ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glycolate oxidase (GAO) were determined for nine fieldgrown dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Measurements were made during several developmental stages; vegetative growth, flowering, early pod set, and late pod set. All data were compared to biological and seed yields using seasonal averages as well as using data from each developmental stage separately.}, number={2}, journal={Crop Science}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Peet, M. M. and Bravo, A. and Wallace, D. H. and Ozbun, J. L.}, year={1977}, month={Mar}, pages={287–293} }
 @article{patterson_longstreth_peet_1977, title={Photosynthetic Adaptation to Light Intensity in Sakhalin Knotweed (Polygonum sachalinense)}, volume={25}, ISSN={0043-1745 1550-2759}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500033555}, DOI={10.1017/s0043174500033555}, abstractNote={The capacity for photosynthetic acclimation to light intensity in Sakhalin knotweed (Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt) was studied by growing plants in four light environments [out-of-doors in full sun and under 50% shade, and in a growth chamber at 800 μE m2 sec-1 photosynthetically active radiation, 400 to 700 nm (PAR) and 150 μE m-2 sec-1 PAR], and then determining, with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), the photosynthetic rates of single leaves exposed to a range of light intensities from 100 to 2000 μE m2 sec-1 PAR. The plants grown in high light had higher photosynthetic rates throughout the range of 100 to 2000 μE M-2 sec-1 PAR. Maximum photosynthetic rates were 37 mg CO2 dm-2 h-1 for plants grown in full sun out-of-doors and 16.5 mg CO2 dm-2 h-1 for plants grown in low light in the growth chamber. There was no indication of positive adaptation to low light intensity in Sakhalin knotweed. Differences in light-saturated photosynthetic rates were closely related to differences in mesophyll conductance and chlorophyll content per unit leaf area.}, number={4}, journal={Weed Science}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Patterson, David T. and Longstreth, David J. and Peet, Mary M.}, year={1977}, month={Jul}, pages={319–323} }
 @article{peet_ozbun_wallace_1977, title={Physiological and Anatomical Effects of Growth Temperature onPhaseolus vulgarisL. Cultivars}, volume={28}, ISSN={0022-0957 1460-2431}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/28.1.57}, DOI={10.1093/jxb/28.1.57}, abstractNote={Two Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars were grown at 20/15, 25/20, and 30/25 °C day/night tem peratures in growth chambers with a 16 h thermoperiod corresponding to the photoperiod. When the first trifoliolate leaf was fully expanded rates of CO2 exchange (CER) were measured at 27 °C and saturating light using infrared gas analysis. Stomatal (rs) and mesophyll resist ances, CO2 compensation points, activities of the enzymes ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), glycolate oxidase (GAO), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and fructose-1,6 diphosphate (FDP), chlorophyll content, Hill activities, and leaf anatomy at both the light and electron microscope level were also investigated in these leaves. Rates of CO2 exchange in the light, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content increased with increasing growth temperature while leaf thickness, specific leaf weight, RuBPCase activity, compensation point, and stomatal resistance decreased. Mesophyll resistance also decreased when calculated assuming zero chloroplast CO2 concentration (rmjo), but not when calculated assuming a chloroplast CO2 concentration equal to the CO2 compensation con centration (rm,g). Average leaf size was maximal in 25/20 °C plants while dark respiration, MDH activity, stomatal density, and starch were minimal. The activities of GAO and FDP and Hill activity were not affected by temperature pretreatment.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Experimental Botany}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Peet, M. M. and Ozbun, J. L. and Wallace, D. H.}, year={1977}, pages={57–69} }
 @inproceedings{peet_patterson_bunce_1977, title={The effects of increasing soybean density in controlled environments on their production and variability}, author={Peet, M.M. and Patterson, D.T. and Bunce, J.A.}, year={1977} }
 @inproceedings{patterson_bunce_peet_kramer_1976, title={Analysis of the growth and variability of cotton and soybean in controlled and field environments}, author={Patterson, D.T. and Bunce, J.A. and Peet, M.M. and Kramer, P.J.}, year={1976} }
 @inproceedings{peet_ozbun_1976, title={Physiological and anatomical effects of growth temperature on Phaseolus vulgaris L}, author={Peet, M. and Ozbun, J.}, year={1976} }
 @inproceedings{warrington_peet_patterson_bunce_hellmers_1976, title={Physiological response of soybean to thermoperiod in relation to growth}, author={Warrington, I. and Peet, M. and Patterson, D. and Bunce, J. and Hellmers, H.}, year={1976} }
 @article{peet_anderson_adams_1975, title={Effect of Fire on Big Bluestem Production}, volume={94}, ISSN={0003-0031}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2424534}, DOI={10.2307/2424534}, abstractNote={Microclimatic conditions associated with fire-induced changes in a tall-grass prairie environment were investigated, and estimates of the net photosynthetic response of Andropogon gerardi Vitm. to these changes were made by laboratory determination of the temperature dependence of net photosynthesis of A. gerardi plants collected from burned and unburned sites. Plants from both sites had temperature optima for net photosynthesis between 25 C and 30 C, and similar maximum rates. Increased production of A. gerardi in the field following burning was attributed primarily to the more favorable environmental conditions for net photosynthesis on the burned site from the time of leaf emergence through late June. Warmer soil temperatures and more light on the burned site appear to be important in initiating early season growth. Total carbon gain per unit area was greater on the burned site than on the unburned, primarily because more photosynthetic leaf and shoot area was available on the burned site earlier in the growing season. Beginning in late June and continuing for the rest of the growing season, measured environmental parameters were similar on both sites. INTRODUCTION An increase in dry matter production and flowering when tallgrass prairie is burned has been amply documented (cf., Brown, 1967; Curtis and Partch, 1948; Daubenmire, 1968; Ehrenreich and Aikman, 1963; Hadley and Kieckhefer, 1963; Kucera and Dahlman, 1968). Several factors including release from allelopathic effects and decreased competition from cool season grasses have been suggested (Robocker and Miller, 1955; Curtis and Partch, 1948; Ehrenreich, 1959; Old, 1969) as reasons for increased production after fire, but litter removal has often been cited as the primary factor (Curtis and Partch, 1950; Old, 1969). On unbumed tall-grass prairie the light-colored litter layer is often at least 10 cm deep, and quite dense. Its removal affects many microclimatic parameters and it is not clear which of these changes are responsible for increasing production. The most obvious ways in which litter removal affects the microclimate are by allowing increased light penetration and warmer temperatures near and below the soil surfaces (Hurlbert, 1969). These factors have been cited by Ehrenreich and Aikman (1963), Ehrenreich (1959) and Weaver and Rowland (1952) to account for earlier growth on burned compared to over 114 gm2 (1000 lbs acre-1) unburned areas. An additional effect of litter on microclimate was proposed by Brown (1967), who observed less net radiation in litter areas, sug1 Present address: Department of Vegetable Crops, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. 2 Department of Biology, Central State University, _Edmond, Oklahoma 73034,}, number={1}, journal={American Midland Naturalist}, publisher={JSTOR}, author={Peet, Mary and Anderson, Roger and Adams, Michael S.}, year={1975}, month={Jul}, pages={15} }
 @phdthesis{peet_1975, place={Ithaca, NY}, title={Physiological responses of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars to growth environment}, school={Cornell University}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1975} }
 @inbook{wallace_peet_ozbun_1975, place={Baltimore, MD}, title={Studies of CO2 metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris L. and applications in breeding}, booktitle={CO2 metabolism and productivity of plants}, publisher={University Park Press}, author={Wallace, D.H. and Peet, M.M. and Ozbun, J.L.}, editor={Burris, R.H. and Black, C.C.Editors}, year={1975}, pages={43–58} }
 @inproceedings{peet_bravo_wallace_ozbun_1974, title={Comparison of enzyme activities and yields of dry bean cultivars}, author={Peet, M.M. and Bravo, A. and Wallace, D. and Ozbun, J.}, year={1974} }
 @inproceedings{peet_ozbun_wallace_crookston_1974, title={The effect of the temperature-light interaction on photosynthetic rates, anatomy and enzyme activities of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars}, author={Peet, M.M. and Ozbun, J. and Wallace, D. and Crookston, K.}, year={1974} }
 @inproceedings{treharne_ozbun_o'toole_crookston_peet_1973, title={Effect of light intensity during growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. on photosynthesis, photorespiration, activity of related enzymes and leaf anatomy}, author={Treharne, K.J. and Ozbun, J. and O'Toole, J. and Crookston, K. and Peet, M.M.}, year={1973} }
 @article{peet_adams_1972, title={Net Photosynthesis and Respiration of Cladonia subtenuis (Abb.) Evans, and Comparison with a Northern Lichen Species}, volume={88}, ISSN={0003-0031}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2424369}, DOI={10.2307/2424369}, abstractNote={The responses of photosynthesis and respiration to decreasing water content were examined at three temperatures in the lichen Cladonia subtenuis collected in Missouri. Comparisons were made with a population of Cladonia rangiferina, a morphologically similar lichen, from a more northern area (Wisconsin). The temperature optima for net photosynthesis of the two species were also compared. The two species were generally similar in their gas exchange capacities, but greater drought resistance was suggested for the southern species at temperatures near 30 C. INTRODUCTION The water status of a lichen is one of the important factors determining rates of metabolic processes, including carbon dioxide exchange (Smith, 1962). Any measurements of the temperature and light response of net photosynthesis, or the temperature dependence of respiration must include consideration of the effects of thallus hydration. Under field conditions lichens are rarely water-saturated (Heatwole, 1966). Lichens saturated by showers become brittle after a half hour in the sun, and within an hour they are fully dried. Even in the shade, complete drying may require only 2 hr (Ahmadjian, 1967). Heatwole (1966) found water contents of lichens in the field ranging from slightly below 10% to 50% of the dry weight of the thallus. The water content of a lichen saturated in the early morning hours can decrease to 15-20% of dry weight by noon. In considering the physiological ecology of a lichen species, it is as important to study its physiological activity when almost dry, as when the thallus is saturated with water. The capacity of lichens to dry rapidly is disadvantageous from the standpoint that photosynthesis of many lichen species generally stops at 30% water content, but respiration continues until the lichen is completely dry (Ahmadjian, 1967). Rapid drying, however, serves a protective function, since it results in evaporative cooling and may lower tissue temperatures from lethal or sublethal levels (Hoffman and Gates, 1971). Lichens can withstand much higher temperatures when dry (70-100 C) than when wet (35-46 C) (Lange, 1953). At high light intensities, the increasing opacity of the thallus caused by drying may shield the underlying algal cells from the sun (Ahmadjian, 1967). Furthermore, alternation of drying and wetting seems to be necessary to maintain a balance between the phycobionts, and thus to preserve the lichen symbiosis (Heatwole, 1966). It is also possible that the 1 Present address: Department of Vegetable Crops, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850.}, number={2}, journal={American Midland Naturalist}, publisher={JSTOR}, author={Peet, Mary M. and Adams, Michael S.}, year={1972}, month={Oct}, pages={446} }
 @phdthesis{peet_1972, place={Madison, WI}, title={The effect of burning on microclimate and production in Wisconsin tall-grass prairie}, school={University of Wisconsin}, author={Peet, M.M.}, year={1972} }