@article{lindstrom_naithani_kirkman_jameel_2006, title={A low-temperature, black liquor gasifier model for use in WinGEMS}, volume={5}, number={2}, journal={TAPPI Journal}, author={Lindstrom, M. and Naithani, V. and Kirkman, A. and Jameel, H.}, year={2006}, pages={20–24} }
 @article{chang_kirkman_2006, title={A tribute to Prof. Josef S. Gratzl: Scientist, teacher, friend, May 24, 1929-December 2, 2004}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0277-3813"]}, DOI={10.1080/02773810600580248}, abstractNote={Josef S. Gratzl was a colleague, teacher, and friend to many in the Wood Chemistry and Paper Science fields. He touched and enhanced many lives through his passion for science and his zest for life. This memorial issue, compiled by his colleagues, honors his life and the achievements of his more than 40-year career. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 26: 1–4, 2006 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN 0277-3813 print/1532-2319 online DOI: 10.1080/02773810600580248}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY}, author={Chang, HM and Kirkman, AG}, year={2006}, pages={1–4} }
 @book{lee_greene_wellman_al._2004, title={Teaching and learning through inquiry: A guidebook for institutions and instructors}, publisher={Sterling, Va.: Stylus Pub.}, author={Lee, V. S. and Greene, D. B. and Wellman, D. J. and al.}, year={2004} }
 @article{capanema_balakshin_chen_gratzl_kirkman_2002, title={Oxidative ammonolysis of technical lignins - Part 3. Effect of temperature on the reaction rate}, volume={56}, ISSN={["0018-3830"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2002.063}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Capanema, EA and Balakshin, MY and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG}, year={2002}, pages={402–415} }
 @article{balakshin_chen_gratzl_kirkman_jakob_2001, title={Biobleaching of pulp with dioxygen in laccase-mediator system - effect of variables on the reaction kinetics}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1873-3158"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1381-1177(01)00062-5}, abstractNote={Comparative studies were carried out on the kinetics and mechanism of pulp biobleaching with laccase-mediator system (LMS) with two different mediators, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) and N-hydroxyacetanilide (NHAA). The optimal NHAA and laccase charge was found to be 0.1 mmol and 10 U per gram of pulp with pulp consistency of 10%, at the reaction temperature of 40 °C for 8 h under atmospheric pressure, respectively. The kinetic studies on Kappa number reduction and dioxygen uptake suggest that a very fast rate of delignification with NHAA at the beginning of the process is the result of fast formation of the oxidized mediator species. However, a very slow delignification rate after the initial phase (0.5–1 h) could be caused by low stability of the mediator species. After the reaction time of 2 h, the degree of delignification is higher when HOBT is used as mediator. In contrast to the delignification with NHAA, the formation of the oxidized mediator species is the rate-determining step of the pulp biobleaching with dioxygen in the LMS using HOBT as mediator. Increase in temperature increases the rate of chemical reactions, but decreases the laccase stability. The optimal temperature for pulp biobleaching with HOBT and laccase from Coriolus versicolor is 40 °C. Increasing oxygen pressure improves the efficiency of delignification due to better penetration of the reagents, but does not affect the rate of chemical reactions. The reaction mechanism is discussed based on the kinetic data.}, number={3-4}, journal={JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC}, author={Balakshin, M and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG and Jakob, H}, year={2001}, month={Dec}, pages={205–215} }
 @article{balakshin_capanema_chen_gratzl_kirkman_gracz_2001, title={Biobleaching of pulp with dioxygen in the laccase-mediator system - reaction mechanisms for degradation of residual lignin}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1873-3158"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1381-1177(00)00225-3}, abstractNote={Pine Kraft-AQ pulp was biobleached with pressurized dioxygen at 40°C in laccase-mediator system (LMS), i.e. in acetate buffer (pH 4.5) containing Coriolus-laccase and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole (HOBT), the latter being as a mediator. The LMS-treatment was followed by alkaline extraction (E) under standard conditions. The structures of the residual lignins before and after the biobleaching did not differ appreciably. This indicates that only a part of the residual lignin in the pulp undergoes oxidative degradation in the LMS treatment. In contrast, the treatment resulted in strong changes in the structure of the lignin isolated from E-effluents. The 2D HMQC (1H13C correlation) spectra showed the disappearance of β-O-4′, β-β′ and β-5′ bonds in the structure of the alkaline soluble lignin (ASL) from E-effluents, which are present in the 2D spectrum of the original residual lignin (RKL). In addition, the spectra exhibited new signals that are assigned to ArCOOH in biphenyl (5-5′) moieties. This implies that oxidative cleavage of side chains plays an important role in the delignification of pulp. The NMR studies also indicated that intensive degradation of aromatic ring has occurred in the biobleaching. However, premethylation of neither benzyl alcohol nor phenolic hydroxyl groups of the residual lignin in pulp before the biobleaching affected the rate of delignification. The latter indicates that phenolic moieties participate not only in oxidative degradation but also dehydrogenative polymerization reactions in the biobleaching. This is consistent with an appreciable increase in the proportion of fractions with higher molecular mass in lignin isolated from E-effluents.}, number={1-3}, journal={JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC}, author={Balakshin, M and Capanema, E and Chen, CL and Gratzl, J and Kirkman, A and Gracz, H}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={1–16} }
 @article{capanema_balakshin_chen_gratzl_kirkman_2001, title={Oxidative ammonolysis of technical lignins - Part 1. Kinetics of the reaction under isothermal condition at 130 degrees C}, volume={55}, ISSN={["0018-3830"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2001.066}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Capanema, EA and Balakshin, MY and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG}, year={2001}, pages={397–404} }
 @article{capanema_balakshin_chen_gratzl_kirkman_2001, title={Oxidative ammonolysis of technical lignins - Part 2. Effect of oxygen pressure}, volume={55}, ISSN={["0018-3830"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2001.067}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Capanema, EA and Balakshin, MY and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG}, year={2001}, pages={405–412} }
 @article{balakskin_chen_gratzl_kirkman_jakob_2000, title={Biobleaching of pulp with dioxygen in the laccase-mediator system. Part 1. Kinetics of delignification}, volume={54}, ISSN={["0018-3830"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2000.066}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Balakskin, M and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG and Jakob, H}, year={2000}, pages={390–396} }
 @article{balakshin_chen_gratzl_kirkman_jakob_2000, title={Kinetic studies on oxidation of veratryl alcohol by laccase-mediator system - Part 1. Effects of mediator concentration}, volume={54}, ISSN={["0018-3830"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2000.028}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Balakshin, MY and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG and Jakob, H}, year={2000}, pages={165–170} }
 @article{balakshin_chen_gratzl_kirkman_jakob_2000, title={Kinetic studies on oxidation of veratryl alcohol by laccase-mediator system. Part 2. The kinetics of dioxygen uptake}, volume={54}, ISSN={["0018-3830"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2000.029}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={2}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Balakshin, MY and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG and Jakob, H}, year={2000}, pages={171–175} }
 @article{cui_puthson_chen_gratzl_kirkman_2000, title={Kinetic study on delignification of kraft-AQ pine pulp with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by Mn(IV)-Me4DTNE}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1437-434X"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2000.069}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Cui, Y and Puthson, P and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG}, year={2000}, pages={413–419} }
 @article{chen_potthast_rosenau_gratzl_kirkman_nagai_miyakoshi_2000, title={Laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propene using ABTS as mediator}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1381-1177"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1381-1177(99)00059-4}, abstractNote={The fungal laccases catalyzed oxidation of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propene (2) with dioxygen in acetate buffer (pH 4.5) producing 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol (4) and its 1-O-acetyl and 2-O-acetyl derivatives 5 and 6, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (7). However, in phosphate buffer (pH 5.9), the same reaction produced only 4 and 7. When 4 was treated in the same fashion in the phosphate buffer, it was converted into 7 with more than 95 mol% yield. This, together with the formation of 5 and 6 in the acetate buffer, showed that 2 is converted into 3–5 via 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-epoxide (3) in the acetate buffer in the presence of ABTS. The major reaction of fungal laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 2 with dioxygen in the presence of ABTS is epoxidation of the double bond conjugated to the aromatic ring.}, number={4-6}, journal={JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC}, author={Chen, CL and Potthast, A and Rosenau, T and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG and Nagai, D and Miyakoshi, T}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={213–219} }
 @misc{chen_gratzl_kirkman_potthast_rosenau_1999, title={Selective enzymatic oxidation of aromatic methyl groups to aldehydes by oxygen in the presence of a laccase-mediator catalyst}, volume={5,888,787}, number={1999 Mar. 30}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Chen, C. and Gratzl, J. S. and Kirkman, A. G. and Potthast, A. and Rosenau, T.}, year={1999} }