@article{himebaugh_robertson_weninger_gilger_ekesten_oh_2023, title={Ex vivo analysis of ultraviolet radiation transmission through ocular media and retina in select species}, volume={233}, ISSN={0014-4835}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2023.109550}, DOI={10.1016/j.exer.2023.109550}, abstractNote={The aim of this study was to assess the transmission of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation (200–400 nm) through intact enucleated globes of different species (dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits, horses, and humans) using spectrophotometry. Globes of cats (n = 6), dogs (n = 18), pigs (n = 10), rabbits (n = 6), horses (n = 10), and humans (n = 4) were analyzed. A 5–10 mm circular area of sclera and choroid from the posterior aspect of the globe was removed under a surgical microscope, leaving the retina intact in all species except the horse. Glass coverslips were added in horses and rabbits due to retinal and globe fragility. The %T of wavelengths from 200 to 800 nm were measured through the ocular media (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor) and retina, and compared between species. The globes of cats and dogs allowed the most amount of UV radiation transmission, while those of pigs and humans allowed the least amount of UV radiation transmission. A small amount of UV radiation transmission through the ocular media was detected in the rabbit and horse. Results from this study will support further vision research that may be used to train companion, working, and service animals.}, journal={Experimental Eye Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Himebaugh, Nicole E. and Robertson, James B. and Weninger, Keith and Gilger, Brian C. and Ekesten, Bjorn and Oh, Annie}, year={2023}, month={Aug}, pages={109550} }
 @article{abbo_himebaugh_demelo_hanlon_crook_2021, title={Anesthetic Efficacy of Magnesium Chloride and Ethyl Alcohol in Temperate Octopus and Cuttlefish Species}, volume={60}, ISSN={["1559-6109"]}, DOI={10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-20-000076}, abstractNote={Cephalopods are important in biologic and biomedical research, yet relatively little objective information is available to guide researchers and veterinarians regarding the best methods for anesthetizing these animals for various experimental procedures. Recent studies demonstrate that
 ethyl alcohol and magnesium chloride are effective at depressing efferent and afferent neural signals in some tropical cephalopod species when measured via the pallial nerve. Here we used similar methods to test 2 temperate species (Octopus bimaculoides and Sepia officinalis)
 and demonstrate that (1) ethyl alcohol and magnesium chloride were effective at reversibly depressing evoked activity in the pallial nerve, (2) ethyl alcohol generally had shorter induction and recovery times compared with magnesium chloride, (3) both agents were associated with a latency
 between the behavioral and neural effects, and it was longer with magnesium chloride, and (4) senescent animals generally had longer induction or recovery times than young animals. Both agents successfully anesthetized both life stages; however, our data show that assessing anesthesia based
 solely on behavior may lead to premature commencement of invasive procedures. We conclude that temperate cephalopods can be humanely, effectively, and completely anesthetized by using these 2 agents and that the loss of neural signal we show here is consistent with true anesthesia and not
 merely paralysis. This relatively simple, nondestructive nerve recording technique can be applied to the study of other prospective anesthetic agents in cephalopods.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Abbo, Lisa A. and Himebaugh, Nicole E. and DeMelo, Lindsey M. and Hanlon, Roger T. and Crook, Robyn J.}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={556–567} }
 @article{himebaugh_gilger_2021, title={Role of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. testing and ocular examination in horses with equine recurrent uveitis: A retrospective study of 63 horses}, volume={34}, ISSN={0957-7734 2042-3292}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eve.13543}, DOI={10.1111/eve.13543}, abstractNote={SummaryBackgroundThere is little information on the correlation between equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) and leptospiral infection status as it relates to ocular examination findings and testing recommendations.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of leptospiral testing in horses with ERU by correlating results to signalment, clinical findings and visual outcome.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsRecords of horses presenting for ERU at NC State University Veterinary Health Complex (NCSU‐VHC) between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed. Signalment, initial visual status, ocular examination findings, treatments and visual outcome were collected. Serum and aqueous humour (AH) leptospiral titres were assessed for six different leptospirosis serovars and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Goldmann‐Whitmer (C) values were calculated.ResultsRecords of 63 horses and 78 eyes with ERU were evaluated. Horses with a positive aqueous humour PCR were significantly younger in age (mean 9.25 ± 1.14) than PCR negative horses (mean 13.3 ± 0.95) (p = 0.01). A positive aqueous humour titre of any serotype was significantly correlated to blindness at presentation (p = 0.04). A positive serum titre was significantly correlated to presence of ocular posterior segment disease (p = 0.01). Positivity to L. bratislava in the serum correlated to posterior segment disease (p = 0.04) and AH positivity correlated to blindness at presentation (p = 0.002).Main limitationsLimitations of this study include that it is a retrospective and information gathered relies on data included within medical records.ConclusionsPositive leptospiral testing results were associated with younger horses and ocular posterior segment clinical disease. Horses with aqueous humour titres to any leptospiral serotype, especially L. bratislava serovar, were correlated to poor prognosis for vision.}, number={11}, journal={Equine Veterinary Education}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Himebaugh, N. E. and Gilger, B. C.}, year={2021}, month={Aug} }