@article{garland_song_ma_kim_vazquez-guardado_hashkavayi_ganeshan_sharma_ryu_lee_et al._2023, title={A Miniaturized, Battery-Free, Wireless Wound Monitor That Predicts Wound Closure Rate Early}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2192-2659"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202301280}, DOI={10.1002/adhm.202301280}, abstractNote={AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers are chronic wounds that affect millions and increase the risk of amputation and mortality, highlighting the critical need for their early detection. Recent demonstrations of wearable sensors enable real‐time wound assessment, but they rely on bulky electronics, making them difficult to interface with wounds. Herein, a miniaturized, wireless, battery‐free wound monitor that measures lactate in real‐time and seamlessly integrates with bandages for conformal attachment to the wound bed is introduced. Lactate is selected due to its multifaceted role in initiating healing. Studies in healthy and diabetic mice reveal distinct lactate profiles for normal and impaired healing wounds. A mathematical model based on the sensor data predicts wound closure rate within the first 3 days post‐injury with ≈76% accuracy, which increases to ≈83% when pH is included. These studies underscore the significance of monitoring biomarkers during the inflammation phase, which can offer several benefits, including short‐term use of wound monitors and their easy removal, resulting in lower risks of injury and infection at the wound site. Improvements in prediction accuracy can be achieved by designing mathematical models that build on multiple wound parameters such as pro‐inflammatory and metabolic markers. Achieving this goal will require designing multi‐analyte wound monitors.}, journal={ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Garland, Nate T. and Song, Joseph W. and Ma, Tengfei and Kim, Yong Jae and Vazquez-Guardado, Abraham and Hashkavayi, Ayemeh Bagheri and Ganeshan, Sankalp Koduvayur and Sharma, Nivesh and Ryu, Hanjun and Lee, Min-Kyu and et al.}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{garland_kaveti_bandodkar_2023, title={Biofluid-Activated Biofuel Cells, Batteries, and Supercapacitors: A Comprehensive Review}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1521-4095"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202303197}, DOI={10.1002/adma.202303197}, abstractNote={AbstractRecent developments in wearable and implanted devices have resulted in numerous, unprecedented capabilities that generate increasingly detailed information about a user's health or provide targeted therapy. However, options for powering such systems remain limited to conventional batteries which are large and have toxic components and as such are not suitable for close integration with the human body. This work provides an in‐depth overview of biofluid‐activated electrochemical energy devices, an emerging class of energy sources judiciously designed for biomedical applications. These unconventional energy devices are composed of biocompatible materials that harness the inherent chemistries of various biofluids to produce useable electrical energy. This work covers examples of such biofluid‐activated energy devices in the form of biofuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. Advances in materials, design engineering, and biotechnology that form the basis for high‐performance, biofluid‐activated energy devices are discussed. Innovations in hybrid manufacturing and heterogeneous integration of device components to maximize power output are also included. Finally, key challenges and future scopes of this nascent field are provided.}, journal={ADVANCED MATERIALS}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Garland, Nate T. and Kaveti, Rajaram and Bandodkar, Amay J.}, year={2023}, month={Nov} }
 @article{mishra_garland_hewett_shamsi_dickey_bandodkar_2022, title={A Soft Wearable Microfluidic Patch with Finger-Actuated Pumps and Valves for On-Demand, Longitudinal, and Multianalyte Sweat Sensing}, volume={7}, ISSN={["2379-3694"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.2c01669}, DOI={10.1021/acssensors.2c01669}, abstractNote={Easy sample collection, physiological relevance, and ability to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor the human body are some of the key attributes of wearable sweat sensors. Examples typically include reversible sensors or an array of single-use sensors embedded in specialized microfluidics for temporal analysis of sweat. However, evolving this field to a level that truly represents "lab-on-skin" technology will require the incorporation of advanced functionalities that give the user the freedom to (1) choose the precise time for performing sample analysis and (2) select sensors from an array embedded within the device for performing condition-specific sample analysis. Here, we introduce new concepts in wearable microfluidic platforms that offer such capabilities. The described technology involves a series of finger-actuated pumps, valves, and sensors incorporated within soft, wearable microfluidics. The incoming sweat collects in the inlet chamber and can be analyzed by the user at the time of their choosing. On-demand sweat analyte assessment is achieved by pulling a thin tab to activate a pump which opens a valve and allows the pooled sweat to enter a chamber embedded with sensors for the desired analytes. The article describes a thorough characterization of the platform that demonstrates the robustness of the pumping, valving, and sensing aspects of the device under conditions mimicking real-life scenarios. A two-day-long human pilot study validates the system and illustrates the device's ability to offer on-demand, longitudinal, and multianalyte sensing. Our work represents the first example of a wearable system with such on-demand sensing capabilities and opens exciting avenues in sweat sensing for acquiring new insights into human physiology.}, number={10}, journal={ACS SENSORS}, author={Mishra, Navya and Garland, Nate T. and Hewett, Krystyn A. and Shamsi, Mohammad and Dickey, Michael D. and Bandodkar, Amay J.}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={3169–3180} }