@article{xiao_li_seekamp_2024, title={Sustainable Adaptation Planning for Cultural Heritage in Coastal Tourism Destinations Under Climate Change: A Mixed-Paradigm of Preservation and Conservation Optimization}, volume={63}, ISSN={0047-2875 1552-6763}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00472875221143479}, DOI={10.1177/00472875221143479}, abstractNote={ Fragmented guidance and unbalanced climate adaptation efforts for tangible and intangible cultural heritage are challenging the long-term sustainability of coastal tourism destinations. Conceptualizing and quantifying adaptation paradigms that optimize cultural heritage preservation from multi-faceted perspectives under fiscal constraints is highly prioritized by coastal tourism destinations. Informed by the Modern Portfolio Theory, this study developed, tested, and evaluated four adaptation paradigms using machine-learning approaches to optimize the historical significance, tangible, and intangible values of multi-type cultural heritage in Gulf Island National Seashore across a 30-year planning horizon under varying fiscal constraints. Results indicated that adaptation paradigms can provide transformative and flexible preservation portfolios to preserve tangible and intangible uses when facing degradation or loss from inadequate funding and intensifying climate threats. The mixed-paradigm framework optimizes preservation efforts between tangible and intangible cultural heritage quantitatively and can be generalized to coastal tourism destinations globally as a sustainable climate adaptation decision support tool. }, number={1}, journal={Journal of Travel Research}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Xiao, Xiao and Li, Peizhe and Seekamp, Erin}, year={2024}, pages={215–233} }
 @article{li_xiao_jordan_zhang_gao_2024, title={Transactional stress-coping configurations in nature-based tourism destinations}, volume={51}, ISSN={2211-9736}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2024.101240}, DOI={10.1016/j.tmp.2024.101240}, abstractNote={Stress-coping relationship is essential for tourists' psychological outcomes and tourism destinations' sustainability. In this study, we explore tourists' encountered stressors, their stress appraisals, and coping strategies against different perceived stress in nature-based tourism destinations. Moreover, we compare the transactional stress-coping process under varying COVID-risk perceptions and family structures. In-depth phone interviews (n = 50) and on-site tourist surveys (n = 444) were conducted in Leiqiong UNESCO Geopark, China. Findings reveal that tourists' coping strategies for stress are associated with different stressors and vary greatly among tourists with different risk perceptions and family structures. Intense coping strategies (e.g., confrontive coping and planful & preventive problem-solving) are more likely to be employed against COVID-related stress, particularly by tourists with high-risk perceptions and tourists traveling with children. Our findings expand the transactional theory of stress by adding stress-coping configurations and provide effective strategies to mitigate multiple types of stress in nature-based tourism destinations.}, journal={Tourism Management Perspectives}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Peizhe and Xiao, Xiao and Jordan, Evan and Zhang, Honglei and Gao, Jie}, year={2024}, month={Mar}, pages={101240} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_seekamp_2024, title={What shapes our gaze and feelings? A multisensory perspective on visual attention and emotion}, booktitle={2024 National Environment and Recreation Research Symposium (NERR)}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2024} }
 @inproceedings{kibria_seekamp_xiao_li_dalyander_eaton_2023, title={Climate-vulnerable heritage management in the Outer Banks of southeastern United States: Application of analytic hierarchy process}, booktitle={The Annual Meeting of the International Association for Society and Natural Resources (IASNR)}, author={Kibria, A. and Seekamp, E. and Xiao, X. and Li, P. and Dalyander, S. and Eaton, M.}, year={2023} }
 @article{zhuang_zhang_li_shen_xiao_zhang_2023, title={Connecting tourists to musical destinations: The role of musical geographical imagination and aesthetic responses in music tourism}, volume={98}, ISSN={0261-5177}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104768}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104768}, abstractNote={While the value of music in connecting tourists to destinations is recognized, its mechanism remains unclear. This study adopts aesthetic responses to explore how musical geographical imagination influences tourists' place bonding and subsequent behavioral intentions. This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study: 1) elucidates the connotation and effects of musical geographical imagination integrating with aesthetics in tourism research; 2) shows that tourists' aesthetic cognitive and affective responses to musical geographical imagination strengthen place bonding, and buttresses the importance of affective responses in leveraging behavioral intentions; and 3) indicates that tourists’ responses to musical stimuli differ in direct and indirect destination experience contexts, demonstrating that musical stimulus context moderates on associations of imagination with cognitive responses, and affective responses with behaviroal intentions. This study empirically expands the imagination from individual auditory spaces to a destination and advances tourism aesthetics research; it guides using music in tourism sensory marketing and tourism soundscape design.}, journal={Tourism Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zhuang, Min and Zhang, Honglei and Li, Peizhe and Shen, Caiyun and Xiao, Xiao and Zhang, Jie}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={104768} }
 @article{zhong_peng_li_xiao_2023, title={Poetry and the tourist being-in-the-world: connotations behind the Tang Poetry}, volume={27}, ISSN={1368-3500 1747-7603}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2205114}, DOI={10.1080/13683500.2023.2205114}, abstractNote={Poetry discloses the fundamentals of truths and values about lives. Tourism in its purpose enhances tourists’ well-being through inhabiting the environments of poetics and authenticity compared to everydayness. This study employs a hermeneutic phenomenological analysis of Three Hundred Tang Poems, guided by Heidegger’s ideas of Dasein and being-in-the-world, to explore the intrinsic connection between poetry and tourism. This study also proposes a conceptual framework of ‘tourist being-in-the-world’. Through the manual qualitative identification method, the findings reveal that: (a) the interpretation of the tourism essence should be grounded on the existential state of human being; (b) tourist being-in-the-world should be considered as a constitution of Dasein, as the most connotations in Three Hundred Tang Poems are associated with tourism (86.9%). Seeing life as a journey, men are born tourists in philosophy, who make sense of the experience of a tourist being-in-the-world (the appearance of authentic selves). Our findings elucidate how tourism destinations were depicted, manifested, and transcended by the Tang Poetry and highlight that the traditional Eastern ideologies of ‘nature as humanity’ and ‘humanized nature in the sense of spirituality’ were embedded in tourism.}, number={9}, journal={Current Issues in Tourism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Zhong, Shien and Peng, Hongsong and Li, Peizhe and Xiao, Xiao}, year={2023}, month={May}, pages={1421–1440} }
 @article{xiao_gao_lu_li_zhang_2023, title={Social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in urban national parks during the COVID-19 pandemic}, volume={41}, ISSN={2213-0780}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100451}, DOI={10.1016/j.jort.2021.100451}, abstractNote={The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mobility, accessibility, and behaviors of visitors dramatically. Under the impact of COVID-19, the social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in parks and recreation areas are expected to change due to the uncertainty of health risks associated with visitors' behaviors. This study conducted an on-site visitor survey at Leiqiong Global Geological Park, a national park located in urban-proximate areas in Haikou, China. This study aims to examine factors impacting visitors' perceived crowding and emotions under varying levels of visitor use in urban national parks in the context of COVID-19. Study results suggest that visitors have the highest level of motivation for scenery and culture viewing and are generally satisfied with the environmental quality and design and COVID-19 prevention strategies and implementation efforts within the park. Moreover, this study suggests that the level of crowding and COVID-19 prevention strategies and implementation can affect visitors' emotions in urban natioanl parks significantly. These findings highlight the importance of enforcing the social carrying capacity limits and COVID-19 prevention strategies for urban parks and protected areas to mitigate physical and mental health risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is one of the pilot studies that examines the social carrying capacity and emotion dynamics in urban national parks under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study results identify the thresholds of social carrying capacity and visitors' positive emotions based on the indicator of People Per View (PPV). Moreover, COVID-19 prevention strategies (e.g., mask-wearing and social distancing) can reduce visitors' perceived crowding and enhance positive emotions. These findings suggest that urban national parks should monitor visitor use levels based on the social carrying capacity framework to reduce visitors' perceived crowding and maintain positive emotions in the post-COVID-19 era.}, journal={Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Xiao, Xiao and Gao, Jie and Lu, Junyu and Li, Peizhe and Zhang, Yuling}, year={2023}, month={Mar}, pages={100451} }
 @article{li_xiao_peng_2023, title={Visitors’ Perceived Crowding, Visual Attention, and COVID Infection Risks in National Parks: A Social Density Optimization Approach}, volume={10}, ISSN={0149-0400 1521-0588}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2023.2267543}, DOI={10.1080/01490400.2023.2267543}, abstractNote={AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the complexity of national park visitors’ perceived crowding and visual attention. Decision support frameworks are needed to monitor, quantify, and forecast visitors’ visual attention, perceived risks, and perceived crowding by different social density conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study forecasts temporal patterns of visitors’ perceived crowding by varying perceived risk levels and visual attention in a national park. A mixed-methodology was developed using longitudinal monitoring, visitor surveys (n = 444), and eye-tracking experiments (n = 42). Results suggest that visitors’ perceived crowding and visual attention fluctuate dramatically by varying perceived risk levels. Moreover, Kernel Density analysis and mediation analysis indicate that perceived crowding is associated with inadequate visual attention to natural landscapes, and visual attention is a mediator between perceived risk and perceived crowding. Results developed a real-time analytical approach for visual attention and perceived crowding guided by the dual-process theory and attention restoration theory.Keywords: Eye-trackingperceived crowdingperceived risksocial carrying capacitysocial densityvisual attention Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis study is supported by the Institute of Social Science Research (ISSR) at Arizona State University.}, journal={Leisure Sciences}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Li, Peizhe and Xiao, Xiao and Peng, Hongsong}, year={2023}, month={Oct}, pages={1–23} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_jordan_2023, title={Visual attention and stress in national parks from a multisensory perspective}, booktitle={International Academic Symposium of the Hainan Province}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Jordan, E.}, year={2023} }
 @article{perry_xiao_iretskaia_li_manning_valliere_reigner_2022, title={A review of digitalization and sustainability in parks and recreation indicators and thresholds research}, volume={39}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100550}, DOI={10.1016/j.jort.2022.100550}, abstractNote={Park and recreation researchers have integrated digitalization into visitor use assessments, aiming to provide managers with information to assist with decision-making and sustainability goals. Applying a management framework of objectives, indicators, and thresholds of quality guided by normative theory, researchers have explored how to define and manage sustainability in park and recreation settings since the 1960s. Digitalized presentations of indicators are more recent (1990s) and continue to advance this framework. A review of the contributions and transferability of these digitalized methods and contexts is necessary, considering both the increasing popularity of its application across parks, recreation, and tourism management and its potential to incorporate sustainability measures. We conducted a related systematic literature review, synthesizing 91 qualifying peer-reviewed articles sourced from thousands examined. In particular, we examined elements of context, digitalization, and sustainability. We found that the method has broadly advanced measuring indicators through varied application of visual, aural, and simulated conditions. However, results indicate that researchers have applied digitalization of indicators most often through research question-focused case study, in U.S. national parks, for social indicators and particularly "people at one time," and without reference to monitoring. These constraints may limit the method's contributions toward sustainability. Digitalization facilitates sustainable park and recreation management by expanding the indicators examined and corresponding methods used and offers sustainable management strategies for concerns established and emergent. This systematic literature review can help enhance the robustness of this management framework and its transferability to the global context. Results from this investigation suggest that although park and recreation management agencies' objectives are often broadly focused on sustainability, and visitor use and perceptions studies also focus on this general goal, this connection is not explicitly detailed in the majority of the sources examined. This provides opportunity for managers and researchers to discuss these connections further and ensure that practices related to sustainability (such as monitoring plans) are included across communications.}, journal={Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Perry, Elizabeth E. and Xiao, Xiao and Iretskaia, Tatiana A. and Li, Peizhe and Manning, Robert E. and Valliere, William A. and Reigner, Nathan P.}, year={2022}, month={Sep}, pages={100550} }
 @article{li_xiao_seekamp_2022, title={Climate adaptation planning for cultural heritages in coastal tourism destinations: A multi-objective optimization approach}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1879-3193"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104380}, DOI={10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104380}, abstractNote={Substantial climate change impacts threaten the persistence of cultural resources globally. The need exists for conceptualizing decision support tools that focus on quantifying and optimizing the managerial priorities to leverage historic preservation and adaptation actions that enhance the continuity of heritage values and sites. Informed by the Structured Decision Making (SDM) approach, this study advances the singular objective Optimal Preservation (OptiPres) Model, a decision support tool for climate adaptation planning of historic buildings by considering three tourism management objectives: (a) maximize accumulated resource value, (b) maximize cost-efficiency, and (c) minimize vulnerability. These objectives are tested under different budget scenarios using a 30-year planning horizon with a subset of buildings located in two historic districts of Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO), United States. The multi-objective approach demonstrates the OptiPres Model is transformative, transparent, and transferable for providing cultural resource decision support and enhancing the sustainability of cultural heritage globally.}, journal={TOURISM MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Li, Peizhe and Xiao, Xiao and Seekamp, Erin}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{guo_li_zhang_xiao_peng_2022, title={Do socio-economic factors matter? A comprehensive evaluation of tourism eco-efficiency determinants in China based on the Geographical Detector Model}, volume={320}, url={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115812}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115812}, abstractNote={Constructed on the total-factor analysis framework, this paper develops a comprehensive evaluation system and adopts the Super-SBM model to both analyze and enunciate the characteristics of tourism eco-efficiency in China during 2000–2017. This paper also identifies the determinants associated with spatial differentiation of tourism eco-efficiency by employing a novel geographical technique, namely the Geographical Detector Model. The results indicate that the tourism eco-efficiency exhibits great potential for growth. Besides, pure technical efficiency drives the optimized development of eco-efficiency. Also, there is significant spatial variations in eco-efficiency across different provinces and regions in China. Urbanization contributes to tourism eco-efficiency remarkably, followed by openness, technical level, economic scale, industrial structure, capital effect, environmental regulation, and tourism growth. The relational interrelations of tourism eco-efficiency determinants are the bi-enhancement and the nonlinear-enhancement interactions. The implications of research findings are discussed and may be applied to a multitude of corporate environmental-economic management scenarios.}, journal={Journal of Environmental Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Guo, Lijia and Li, Peizhe and Zhang, Jinhe and Xiao, Xiao and Peng, Hongsong}, year={2022}, month={Oct}, pages={115812} }
 @article{gao_yao_xiao_li_2022, title={Recover from failure: Examining the impact of service recovery stages on relationship marketing strategies}, volume={13}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.852306}, DOI={10.3389/fpsyg.2022.852306}, abstractNote={Given the digital transformation of service businesses by providing online food services and the influence of online reviews on consumers' purchasing decisions, this study examines how service recovery attributes in different stages influence relationship marketing strategies, i.e., relationship quality and customer loyalty after service failure. This study is built upon a revised service recovery cycle model by accounting for three stages and their corresponding attributes; whereon a conceptual stage model of service recovery is proposed. This conceptual stage model incorporates stages of service recovery, their respective attributes, and how they influence relationship marketing strategies.An online marketing company was employed for data collection in 2019, which resulted in 301 valid responses. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was conducted with all the data to test the relationships between the constructs. The individual measurement model was tested using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). A structural model was estimated using AMOS to test all the hypotheses.The findings demonstrate that the attributes (i.e., response speed, compensation) paired with the first two stages of service recovery can significantly influence consumer loyalty in a positive state. The findings also manifest the intermediary role that relationship quality has played in the association of service recovery and consumer loyalty, which implies that the food delivery businesses could attain a more comprehended relationship quality with consumers through active and timely compensatory service recovery consumer loyalty to the food businesses.This study examines how these different stages of the service recovery cycle influence the decision-making of relationship marketing strategies (i.e., relationship quality, customer loyalty) on the prerequisite of service failure. This study aspires to expand the service recovery research by objectifying a conceptual stage model of service recovery, incorporating stages' recovery attributes and how these recovery attributes reciprocally influence relationship quality and customer loyalty.}, journal={Frontiers in Psychology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Gao, Jie and Yao, Lixia and Xiao, Xiao and Li, Peizhe}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
 @inproceedings{xiao_li_2022, title={Social distancing and tourists’ emotions in nature-based tourism destinations during the COVID-19 pandemic}, booktitle={American Association of Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting}, author={Xiao, X. and Li, P.}, year={2022} }
 @inproceedings{xiao_li_seekamp_2022, title={Sustainable adaptation planning for cultural heritage in coastal protected areas under climate change}, booktitle={The 2nd Workshop of Asian Young Geographers}, author={Xiao, X. and Li, P. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2022} }
 @article{li_xiao_jordan_2022, title={Tourists’ Visual Attention and Stress Intensity in Nature-Based Tourism Destinations: An Eye-Tracking Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic}, volume={62}, ISSN={0047-2875 1552-6763}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00472875221138788}, DOI={10.1177/00472875221138788}, abstractNote={Tourists’ visual attention has a central function in constructing their visual experiences and affects their perceptual and cognitive processes. Visual attention might be affected by environmental factors; however, the effects of environmental factors on visual attention are still vague in the literature. Moreover, visual attention might influence tourists’ stress intensity. This study explores how tourists’ visual attention patterns vary under environmental factors and quantifies the effects of visual attention on stress intensity by a mixed- methodology involving observations, eye-tracking experiments, and post-experiment surveys. Findings suggest that crowding is an important environmental factor affecting tourists’ visual attention patterns. Moreover, natural sounds enhance tourists’ visual attention to natural landscapes and mitigate tourists’ stress simultaneously. Mask-wearing can reduce tourists’ visual attention to human crowds but cannot reduce stress intensity directly. Our findings extend the attention restoration theory by a multi-sensory perspective and the transactional theory of stress through eye-tracking analytics.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Travel Research}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Li, Peizhe and Xiao, Xiao and Jordan, Evan}, year={2022}, month={Dec}, pages={1667–1684} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_jordan_2022, title={Tourists’ gazing behaviors and stress appraisals in national parks during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-sensory perspective}, booktitle={American Association of Geographers (AAG) Annual Meeting}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Jordan, E.}, year={2022} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_jordan_2022, title={Tourists’ visual attention and stress intensity under COVID-19 environmental stimuli: An eye-tracking study}, booktitle={Annual International Conference of Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA)}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Jordan, E.}, year={2022} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_seekamp_2021, title={Are the most vulnerable cultural resources prioritized? A framework for climate change adaptation budgeting and allocation in coastal tourism destinations}, booktitle={China Conference on Geography (CCG) 2021}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{xiao_seekamp_li_2021, title={Climate adaptation optimization for multi-type cultural heritages in national parks}, booktitle={Tourism Tribune China Tourism Research Annual Conference 2021}, author={Xiao, X. and Seekamp, E. and Li, P.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{xiao_li_seekamp_2021, title={Climate adaptation planning for cultural heritages in coastal tourism destinations: A machine-learning approach}, booktitle={2021 Maritime Silk Road Conference}, author={Xiao, X. and Li, P. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2021} }
 @article{peng_zhang_zhong_li_2021, title={Corporate governance, technical efficiency and financial performance: Evidence from Chinese listed tourism firms}, volume={48}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.005}, DOI={10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.06.005}, abstractNote={Based on the panel data of Chinese listed tourism firms, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the relationships among corporate governance, technical efficiency, and financial performance. It is the first study to explore such relationships in the tourism industry. The results indicate a positive linear relationship between technical efficiency and financial performance and confirm the mediating effect of technical efficiency on the interconnectedness of board independence, ownership concentration, and financial performance. Finally, this study theoretically supports the contingency corporate governance model (Oehmichen, Schrapp, & Wolff, 2016) and our established analysis framework of “corporate governance-technical efficiency-financial performance.” We also provide several managerial implications to help tourism firms improve their overall performance.}, journal={Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Peng, Hongsong and Zhang, Jinhe and Zhong, Shien and Li, Peizhe}, year={2021}, month={Sep}, pages={163–173} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_seekamp_2021, title={Economic optimization of historic preservation in national parks: Future transitions for climate change and cultural resources}, booktitle={Annual International Conference of Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA)}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{xiao_li_seekamp_2021, title={Examining the trade-offs of adaptation planning for cultural heritage in coastal tourism destinations: A machine learning approach}, booktitle={China Conference on Geography (CCG) 2021}, author={Xiao, X. and Li, P. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_seekamp_2021, title={Historical-economic optimization of climate adaptation planning for historical resources: A multi-objective optimization approach}, booktitle={Southeast Environment and Recreation Research Conference (SERR)}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_2021, title={Managing the quality of travelers’ experiences on transportation facilities in recreation area: A real-time monitoring approach}, booktitle={World Transport Convention}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{li_xiao_seekamp_2021, title={Preserving cultural heritages under the changing climate: Future adaptations to resilience}, booktitle={Tourism Tribune China Tourism Research Annual Conference 2021}, author={Li, P. and Xiao, X. and Seekamp, E.}, year={2021} }
 @inproceedings{xiao_gao_li_2021, title={The dynamics of crowding and tourists’ emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A normative approach}, booktitle={Annual International Conference of Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA)}, author={Xiao, X. and Gao, J. and Li, P.}, year={2021} }
 @article{xu_zhong_li_xiao_2021, title={Tourist memory and childhood landscape}, volume={12}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2021.2015358}, DOI={10.1080/14766825.2021.2015358}, abstractNote={Tourist memory serves as an important source of information for future travel plans and forests life development of individuals. Although extensive research has examined the impacts of tourist memory on travel behaviors and tourists’ emotions, very few studies have examined tourist memory from the perspective of childhood landscape. This study adopts the in-depth interview method (n=105) to examine the long-term impacts of childhood tourist memories on adulthood and future development by two different study groups: the new generation and the old generation. Results indicate that tourist memory can enrich individuals’ identity and nostalgia through the childhood landscape. Moreover, the childhood landscape shaped from tourism experiences affects the long-term development processes of tourists’ personalities, parenting, and life attitudes. Study findings conclude that tourist memory and nostalgia can affect an individual’s future decision-making and practice. This study enriches tourist memory and family tourism theories and provides management implications to enhance childhood landscape in tourism marketing.}, journal={Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Xu, Caixia and Zhong, Shien and Li, Peizhe and Xiao, Xiao}, year={2021}, month={Dec}, pages={1–21} }