Works (31)

Updated: May 25th, 2025 13:15

2024 journal article

Assessing the Impact of Pre-Soaking to Enhance Laundering Efficacy of Firefighter Turnout Gear

TOXICS, 12(8).

By: M. Hossain n & R. Ormond n

author keywords: firefighters; turnout gear; PAHs; PAH desorption; presoaking; cleaning efficacy
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Fire dynamics and safety research; Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 1, 2024

2024 article

Editorial: Challenges and emerging issues on firefighter's toxic chemical exposure: smoke chemicals, contaminated PPE, and off-gassing

Song, G., Oliveira, M., & Ormond, B. (2024, July 26). FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS, Vol. 11.

By: G. Song*, M. Oliveira* & B. Ormond n

author keywords: firefighter; contamination; PPE; toxic chemical; smoke; occupational exposure; health risks
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 19, 2024

2024 article

Exploring the Prospects and Challenges of Fluorine-Free Firefighting Foams (F3) as Alternatives to Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF): A Review

Jahura, F. T., Mazumder, N.-U.-S., Hossain, M. T., Kasebi, A., Girase, A., & Ormond, R. B. (2024, August 28). ACS OMEGA, Vol. 8.

By: F. Jahura n, N. Mazumder n, M. Hossain n, A. Kasebi n, A. Girase n & R. Ormond n

topics (OpenAlex): Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Air Quality and Health Impacts
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 1, 2024

2024 journal article

Impact of Skin Decontamination Wipe Solutions on the Percutaneous Absorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

TOXICS, 12(10).

By: C. Probert n, R. Ormond n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: skin decontamination; dermal absorption; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; fireground contaminants; skin wipe; firefighter
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Fire dynamics and safety research; Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 1, 2024

2024 journal article

Percutaneous Absorption of Fireground Contaminants: Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, and Benzo[a]pyrene in Porcine Skin in an Artificial Sweat Vehicle

TOXICS, 12(8).

By: C. Probert n, E. Nixon n, R. Ormond n & R. Baynes n

author keywords: dermal absorption; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; benzo[a]pyrene; porcine skin; fireground contaminants; firefighter
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Injury Epidemiology and Prevention; Fire dynamics and safety research
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 15, 2024

2024 journal article

Skin Permeability of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids Using Flow-Through Diffusion on Porcine Skin

TOXICS, 12(10).

By: A. Hall n, R. Baynes n, L. Neumann n, H. Maibach & R. Ormond n

author keywords: dermal absorption; perfluorocarboxylic acids; flow-through diffusion; porcine skin
topics (OpenAlex): Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Air Quality and Health Impacts
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: October 1, 2024

2023 journal article

Bench-Scale and Full-Scale Level Evaluation of the Effect of Parameters on Cleaning Efficacy of the Firefighters’ PPE

Textiles, 3(2), 201–218.

Contributors: A. Girase n, D. Thompson n & R. Ormond n

topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Injury Epidemiology and Prevention; Fire dynamics and safety research
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 3, 2023

2023 journal article

Evaluating the performance of surfactant and charcoal-based cleaning products to effectively remove PAHs from firefighter gear

FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS, 10.

By: M. Hossain n, A. Girase n & R. Ormond n

Contributors: M. Hossain n, A. Girase n & R. Ormond n

author keywords: PAHs; detergent; surfactant; charcoal; decontamination; firefighters; turnout gear; aromatic hydrocarbons
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: June 19, 2023

2023 review

Firefighters' exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as an occupational hazard: A review

[Review of ]. FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS, 10.

By: N. Mazumder n, M. Hossain n, F. Jahura n, A. Girase n, A. Hall n, J. Lu n, R. Ormond n

Contributors: N. Mazumder n, M. Hossain n, F. Jahura n, A. Girase n, A. Hall n, J. Lu n, R. Ormond n

author keywords: PFAS; firefighters; cancer; turnout gear; AFFF; DWR; repellent finish; occupational hazard
topics (OpenAlex): Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Air Quality and Health Impacts
TL;DR: Increased exposure to PFAS as an occupational hazard could be a potential cancer risk for firefighters, according to Studies on firefighters’ cancer suggest that firefighters have a higher cancer risk compared to the general population. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: April 18, 2023

2023 journal article

Impact of conventional and advanced cleaning techniques on the durability of firefighter turnout ensembles

FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS, 10.

By: A. Girase*, D. Thompson* & R. Ormond*

Contributors: A. Girase*, D. Thompson* & R. Ormond*

author keywords: decontamination; liquid CO2; NFPA 1851; turnout; carcinogenic
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders; Fire dynamics and safety research
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 7, 2023

2023 article

Impact of firefighter hood design on range of motion, noise production and hearing

Kesler, R. M., Deaton, A. S., Ormond, R. B., Silverstein, S., Donlin, K. L., & Horn, G. P. (2023, December 15). ERGONOMICS, Vol. 12.

By: R. Kesler*, A. Deaton n, R. Ormond n, S. Silverstein*, K. Donlin* & G. Horn*

author keywords: Personal protective equipment; firefighting; range of motion; wearability
MeSH headings : Humans; Firefighters; Noise, Occupational / prevention & control; Adult; Male; Equipment Design; Range of Motion, Articular; Female; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / prevention & control; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / etiology; Middle Aged; Hearing; Auditory Threshold
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders; Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: January 2, 2024

2023 journal article

Qualitative Assessment of Off-Gassing of Compounds from Field-Contaminated Firefighter Jackets with Varied Air Exposure Time Intervals Using Headspace GC-MS

Textiles, 3(2), 246–256.

Contributors: A. Girase n, A. Shinde n & R. Ormond n

topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics; Fire dynamics and safety research
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: September 8, 2024

2023 journal article

Toward the future of firefighter gear: Assessing fluorinated and non-fluorinated outer shells following simulated on-the-job exposures

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES, 53.

By: N. Mazumder n, J. Lu n, A. Hall n, A. Kasebi n, A. Girase n, F. Masoud*, J. Stull*, R. Ormond n

Contributors: N. Mazumder n, J. Lu n, A. Hall n, A. Kasebi n, A. Girase n, F. Masoud*, J. Stull*, R. Ormond n

author keywords: Firefighters; turnout gear; outer shell; PFAS; DWR; Aging
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research; Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: ORCID, Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 30, 2023

2022 article

A standardized procedure for quantitative evaluation of residual viral activity on antiviral treated textiles

Wang, Z., Amanah, A. Y., Ali, K. M., Payne, L. C., Kisthardt, S., Scholle, F., … Gluck, J. M. (2022, November 2). TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL, Vol. 11.

By: Z. Wang n, A. Amanah n, K. Ali n, L. Payne n, S. Kisthardt n, F. Scholle n, R. Ormond n, K. Mathur n, J. Gluck n

author keywords: SARS-CoV-2; antiviral textiles; Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50
topics (OpenAlex): Infection Control and Ventilation; Infection Control in Healthcare; COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
TL;DR: This pilot study aims to develop and refine a standardized protocol to quantitatively evaluate residual viral activity on antiviral textiles and used HCoV-229E and Huh-7 human liver cancer cells for this investigation. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
3. Good Health and Well-being (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: November 3, 2022

2022 journal article

Comparative Analysis of the Liquid CO2 Washing with Conventional Wash on Firefighters’ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Textiles, 2(4), 624–632.

Contributors: A. Girase n, D. Thompson n & R. Ormond n

topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Fire dynamics and safety research; Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Sources: ORCID, Crossref, NC State University Libraries
Added: November 30, 2022

2021 journal article

Effects of firefighting hood design, laundering and doffing on smoke protection, heat stress, and wearability

Ergonomics, 1, 1–25.

author keywords: Personal protective equipment; firefighting; chemical exposures; heat stress; wearability
MeSH headings : Firefighters; Heat-Shock Response; Humans; Laundering; Occupational Exposure / analysis; Personal Protective Equipment; Smoke / adverse effects
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Injury Epidemiology and Prevention; Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
TL;DR: The addition of a particulate-blocking layer to firefighters’ traditional two-ply hood was found to reduce the PAH contamination reaching the neck but did not affect heat stress measurements or thermal perceptions. (via Semantic Scholar)
Source: ORCID
Added: January 12, 2021

2020 chapter

Assessing the Durability of Firefighter Protective Hoods Following Exposure to Ultraviolet Light

In Performance of Protective Clothing and Equipment: Innovative Solutions to Evolving Challenges (pp. 64–80).

By: A. Kasebi n, M. Gaskill n & R. Ormond n

topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods; Impact of Light on Environment and Health
Source: ORCID
Added: January 12, 2021

2020 journal article

Development of a Headspace Sampling-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Fireground Contaminants on Firefighter Turnout Materials

ACS CHEMICAL HEALTH & SAFETY, 27(6), 352–361.

By: A. Shinde n & R. Ormond n

author keywords: gas chromatography; headspace sampling; phenols; phthalates; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; thermal extraction; firefighter
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact; Chemical Safety and Risk Management
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 11, 2021

2020 chapter

Development of a Standard Testing Procedure for Evaluating Firefighter Protective Hoods on PyroHead Fire Test System

In Performance of Protective Clothing and Equipment: Innovative Solutions to Evolving Challenges (pp. 18–30).

topics (OpenAlex): Education, Safety, and Science Studies; Marine and Coastal Research; Fire dynamics and safety research
Source: ORCID
Added: October 1, 2020

2020 chapter

Evaluating the Material-Level Performance of Particulate-Blocking Firefighter Hoods

In Performance of Protective Clothing and Equipment: Innovative Solutions to Evolving Challenges (pp. 114–130).

By: M. Smith n, N. Carlton n & R. Ormond n

topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Fire dynamics and safety research; Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis
Source: ORCID
Added: January 12, 2021

2020 journal article

Headspace sampling-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer as a screening method to thermally extract fireground contaminants from retired firefighting turnout jackets

FIRE AND MATERIALS, 45(3), 415–428.

By: A. Shinde n & R. Ormond n

author keywords: contaminants; firefighting; gas-chromatography; headspace sampling; off-gassing; PAHs; phenols; phthalates
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods; Fire dynamics and safety research
TL;DR: The technique could be used as a screening method to thermally extract contaminants from field‐contaminated firefighter turnout materials such as jackets, pants, gloves, and so on. (via Semantic Scholar)
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: August 10, 2020

2019 article

Performance Evaluation of Newly Developed Smoke and Particulate Resistant Structural Turnout Ensemble

HOMELAND SECURITY AND PUBLIC SAFETY: RESEARCH, APPLICATIONS, AND STANDARDS, Vol. 1614, pp. 286–305.

By: R. Ormond n, C. Kwon n & M. Mathews n

author keywords: firefighter; smoke; particulate protection; turnout ensemble; cancer; exposure; personal protective equipment
topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance; Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis; Fire dynamics and safety research
Sources: Web Of Science, NC State University Libraries, ORCID
Added: January 6, 2020

2017 conference paper

Analytical quantification of key odor compounds found in footwear

AATCC 2017 - 2017 AATCC International Conference Proceedings, 87–96. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85021822319&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: T. Pickett & R. Ormond

Contributors: T. Pickett & R. Ormond

Source: ORCID
Added: January 12, 2021

2017 conference paper

Outward Leakage smoke simulation for evaluating susceptibility of firefighter turnout ensembles and materials to particulate infiltration

AATCC 2017 - 2017 AATCC International Conference Proceedings, 77–86. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85021831835&partnerID=MN8TOARS

By: C. Maness & R. Ormond

Contributors: C. Maness & R. Ormond

Source: ORCID
Added: January 12, 2021

2016 article

Considerations for Applying Man-in-Simulant Test Methodologies for the Evaluation of Fully Encapsulating Chemical Protective Ensembles

PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT, 10TH VOL: RISK REDUCTION THROUGH RESEARCH AND TESTING, Vol. 1593, pp. 212–232.

By: R. Ormond n

Contributors: R. Ormond n

author keywords: man-in-simulant test; fully encapsulated; performance requirements; whole ensemble; chemical protective ensemble; ASTM F2588; NFPA 1991; NFPA 1994
topics (OpenAlex): Risk and Safety Analysis
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 journal article

Effect of Clothing Layers on Mass Transfer of Methyl Salicylate Vapor Through CBRN Materials in a Cylinder Test

Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 45(4), 20150491.

By: R. Ormond n & E. DenHartog n

Contributors: R. Ormond n & E. DenHartog n

author keywords: protective clothing; test method; chemical protection
topics (OpenAlex): Textile materials and evaluations; Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies; Polymer crystallization and properties
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
7. Affordable and Clean Energy (OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries, Crossref
Added: August 6, 2018

2016 article

Interlaboratory Variation for Permeation Test Standards and Considerations for Test Materials

PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT, 10TH VOL: RISK REDUCTION THROUGH RESEARCH AND TESTING, Vol. 1593, pp. 272–284.

By: W. Gabler n & R. Ormond n

Contributors: W. Gabler n & R. Ormond n

author keywords: ASTM F739; permeation testing; variability; interlaboratory; chemical protective clothing (CPC); reference material
topics (OpenAlex): Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation; Nuclear and radioactivity studies; Engineering and Material Science Research
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
13. Climate Action (Web of Science; OpenAlex)
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Efficient wound odor removal by -cyclodextrin functionalized poly (epsilon-caprolactone) nanofibers

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, 132(45).

author keywords: electrospinning; fibers; functionalization of polymers; properties and characterization; surfaces and interfaces
topics (OpenAlex): Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications; Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials; Polymer composites and self-healing
TL;DR: The formation of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)/β-CD functional nanofibers by electrospinning their mixture from chloroform/N,N-dimethylformamide suggests tailoring polymer-CD nanostructures for specific applications in wound odor absorbance, surface grafting of chemical moieties, and vehicles for drug delivery, as examples. (via Semantic Scholar)
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2015 journal article

Quantitative analysis of trimethyl amine in cotton fabrics cationized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride

CELLULOSE, 22(5), 3435–3439.

By: M. Farrell*, R. Ormond n & W. Gabler n

Contributors: M. Farrell*, R. Ormond n & W. Gabler n

author keywords: Trimethyl amine; Cationization; Cotton; Odor
topics (OpenAlex): Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers; Textile materials and evaluations
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

2014 chapter

Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) protective clothing

In Protective Clothing: Managing Thermal Stress (pp. 112–145).

By: R. Ormond n & R. Barker n

Contributors: R. Ormond n & R. Barker n

topics (OpenAlex): Occupational Health and Performance
Source: ORCID
Added: January 12, 2021

2012 article

Factors Influencing the Uptake Rate of Passive Adsorbent Dosimeters Used in the Man-in-Simulant-Test

PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT, 9TH VOL: EMERGING ISSUES AND TECHNOLOGIES, Vol. 1544, pp. 247–265.

By: R. Ormond n, R. Barker n, K. Beck n, D. Thompson n & S. Deaton n

Contributors: R. Ormond n, R. Barker n, K. Beck n, D. Thompson n & S. Deaton n

author keywords: passive adsorbent dosimeters; PADs; man-in-simulant-test; MIST; chem-/bio-ensemble; methyl salicylate; uptake rate; simulant concentration; adhesive; ASTM F2588
topics (OpenAlex): Chemical Safety and Risk Management; Radiation Effects in Electronics; Nuclear and radioactivity studies
UN Sustainable Development Goals Color Wheel
UN Sustainable Development Goal Categories
Sources: Web Of Science, ORCID, NC State University Libraries
Added: August 6, 2018

Employment

Updated: October 11th, 2018 00:25

2018 - present

North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina, US
Assistant Professor Textile Protection and Comfort Center, Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science

2013 - 2018

North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, US
Research Assistant Professor Textile Protection and Comfort Center

Education

Updated: January 16th, 2016 18:40

2007 - 2012

North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, US
Ph.D. Fiber and Polymer Science College of Textiles

2003 - 2007

North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina, US
B.S. Polymer and Color Chemistry College of Textiles

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