@article{blue_jababu_ibrahim_minor_williams_adetunji_ali_young_fasina_2023, title={Spray-Dried Plasma Promotes Broiler Chick Growth by Enhancing Immune Surveillance}, volume={13}, ISSN={["2076-2615"]}, DOI={10.3390/ani13091436}, abstractNote={Simple Summary Over the years, the poultry industry has relied on the use of in-feed antibiotics as a growth-promoting agent and for the prevention of diseases. However, antibiotic use has brought about pathogens that are resistant to antimicrobials. To this end, spray-dried plasma (SDP), an animal blood by-product that is rich in protein-containing lipids, peptides, immunoglobulins, transferrin, and fibrinogen, is being explored as a replacement for in-feed antibiotics in poultry. We evaluated the immunological and biochemical profile of SDP in order to understand how it enhanced performance values when supplemented to a broiler diet. At the end of the four-week study, our findings demonstrated a decrease in the number of heterophils and an increase in immunoglobulin in circulation, with oxidative stress falling in the normal range. Bifidobacteria counts also increased in the SDP-supplemented treatment. This demonstrated that SDP supplementation prevented infection and caused an increase in immunoglobulin concentration required to support intestinal development and gut microbiota modulation. Abstract Spray-dried plasma (SDP) contain a variety of functional proteins that play an immunomodulatory role. To evaluate the potential of SDP to stimulate the immune system, day-old Ross 708 male broiler chicks (200) were allocated randomly to five dietary treatments. Treatment 1 (CX) comprised chicks fed basal unmedicated corn–soybean meal (SBM) without the addition of SDP. Treatment 2 (MX) includes chicks fed unmedicated corn–SBM basal containing Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) at 0.055 g/kg diet. Treatments 3 (SDP1), 4 (SDP2), and 5 (SDP3) contained chicks given unmedicated corn–SBM basal, into which SDP was included at 10, 20, and 30 g/kg diet, respectively. On d 7, 14, and 21, chicks’ body weight and FCR were calculated. Additionally, leucocyte counts, oxidative status, and IgY concentrations were determined in blood. On d 23, fecal populations of selected indicator bacteria species were determined. Results showed that FCR for SP3 was superior (p < 0.05) to other treatments. Likewise, heterophil numbers decreased in MX and SDP treatments compared to CX. Circulating IgY concentration was higher for SDP dietary treatments (p < 0.05) compared to MX. In conclusion, dietary SDP at 30 g/kg enhanced immune surveillance by increasing circulating IgY levels, maintaining a normal oxidative state, and increasing gut Bifidobacteria, thereby improving chick growth performance.}, number={9}, journal={ANIMALS}, author={Blue, Candice E. C. and Jababu, Yasin and Ibrahim, Salam A. A. and Minor, Radiah C. C. and Williams, Leonard L. L. and Adetunji, Adedeji O. O. and Ali, Rizwana and Young, Lea S. S. and Fasina, Yewande O. O.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
 @article{troxell_mendoza_ali_koci_hassan_2020, title={Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium, Strain NC983, Is Immunogenic, and Protective against Virulent Typhimurium Challenges in Mice}, volume={8}, ISSN={["2076-393X"]}, DOI={10.3390/vaccines8040646}, abstractNote={Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are significant health burden worldwide. Although much effort has been devoted to developing typhoid-based vaccines for humans, currently there is no NTS vaccine available. Presented here is the efficacy of a live attenuated serovar Typhimurium strain (NC983). Oral delivery of strain NC983 was capable of fully protecting C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice against challenge with virulent Typhimurium. Strain NC983 was found to elicit an anti-Typhimurium IgG response following administration of vaccine and boosting doses. Furthermore, in competition experiments with virulent S. Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), NC983 was highly defective in colonization of the murine liver and spleen. Collectively, these results indicate that strain NC983 is a potential live attenuated vaccine strain that warrants further development.}, number={4}, journal={VACCINES}, author={Troxell, Bryan and Mendoza, Mary and Ali, Rizwana and Koci, Matthew and Hassan, Hosni}, year={2020}, month={Dec} }
 @article{koci_ballou_wei_zhang_liew_ali_2020, title={Connecting the microbiome to host metabolites: understanding how the microbiome controls immune activity in birds}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1530-6860"]}, DOI={10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.00747}, abstractNote={The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome plays an important role in the development and function not only of the GI, but also the immune system. Products such as probiotics represent promising treatments for improving animal health through the GI, but their modes of action are largely still unknown. Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated supplementation with a lactic acid bacteria probiotic product alters host energy partitioning in immune tissues, including increased ATP production and consumption in circulating leukocytes; and was associated with a more rapid antibody response to antigen. To better understand the communication between probiotics and the immune system our laboratory has focused on characterizing how supplementation affects the microbiome and host systems. We hypothesized that the changes previously observed in immune tissue activity and energy metabolism were regulated by a probiotic‐stimulated factor in the serum. We examined the ability of serum isolated from probiotic‐fed animals to augment ATP production in vitro. Chicken lymphocyte cell lines were cultured for 4 days in media supplemented with serum from treated and control birds. Cells cultured in serum from probiotic‐fed birds had higher levels of ATP (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Transcriptomic analysis of these cells suggest an increase in genes associated with cell survival and differentiation, and signaling via TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, IL‐7, and IL‐1β. Analysis of the metabolites in serum and digesta from these animals identified several metabolite changes correlate with the change in ATP levels in lymphocytes and putative changes in pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production.}, journal={FASEB JOURNAL}, author={Koci, Matthew and Ballou, Anne and Wei, Xubiao and Zhang, Lulu and Liew, Zie and Ali, Rizwana}, year={2020}, month={Apr} }
 @article{allali_arnold_roach_cadenas_butz_hassan_koci_ballou_mendoza_ali_et al._2017, title={A comparison of sequencing platforms and bioinformatics pipelines for compositional analysis of the gut microbiome}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1471-2180"]}, DOI={10.1186/s12866-017-1101-8}, abstractNote={Advancements in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies regarding throughput, read length and accuracy had a major impact on microbiome research by significantly improving 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. As rapid improvements in sequencing platforms and new data analysis pipelines are introduced, it is essential to evaluate their capabilities in specific applications. The aim of this study was to assess whether the same project-specific biological conclusions regarding microbiome composition could be reached using different sequencing platforms and bioinformatics pipelines. Chicken cecum microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq, Ion Torrent PGM, and Roche 454 GS FLX Titanium platforms, with standard and modified protocols for library preparation. We labeled the bioinformatics pipelines included in our analysis QIIME1 and QIIME2 (de novo OTU picking [not to be confused with QIIME version 2 commonly referred to as QIIME2]), QIIME3 and QIIME4 (open reference OTU picking), UPARSE1 and UPARSE2 (each pair differs only in the use of chimera depletion methods), and DADA2 (for Illumina data only). GS FLX+ yielded the longest reads and highest quality scores, while MiSeq generated the largest number of reads after quality filtering. Declines in quality scores were observed starting at bases 150–199 for GS FLX+ and bases 90–99 for MiSeq. Scores were stable for PGM-generated data. Overall microbiome compositional profiles were comparable between platforms; however, average relative abundance of specific taxa varied depending on sequencing platform, library preparation method, and bioinformatics analysis. Specifically, QIIME with de novo OTU picking yielded the highest number of unique species and alpha diversity was reduced with UPARSE and DADA2 compared to QIIME. The three platforms compared in this study were capable of discriminating samples by treatment, despite differences in diversity and abundance, leading to similar biological conclusions. Our results demonstrate that while there were differences in depth of coverage and phylogenetic diversity, all workflows revealed comparable treatment effects on microbial diversity. To increase reproducibility and reliability and to retain consistency between similar studies, it is important to consider the impact on data quality and relative abundance of taxa when selecting NGS platforms and analysis tools for microbiome studies.}, journal={BMC MICROBIOLOGY}, author={Allali, Imane and Arnold, Jason W. and Roach, Jeffrey and Cadenas, Maria Belen and Butz, Natasha and Hassan, Hosni M. and Koci, Matthew and Ballou, Anne and Mendoza, Mary and Ali, Rizwana and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Sep} }
 @article{azcarate-peril_butz_cadenas_koci_ballou_mendoza_ali_hassan_2017, title={An Attenuated
                    Salmonella enterica
                    Serovar Typhimurium Strain and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Accelerate Clearance of
                    Salmonella
                    Infections in Poultry through Modifications to the Gut Microbiome}, volume={84}, ISSN={0099-2240 1098-5336}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02526-17}, DOI={10.1128/aem.02526-17}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={5}, journal={Applied and Environmental Microbiology}, publisher={American Society for Microbiology}, author={Azcarate-Peril, M. Andrea and Butz, Natasha and Cadenas, Maria Belen and Koci, Matthew and Ballou, Anne and Mendoza, Mary and Ali, Rizwana and Hassan, Hosni}, editor={Schottel, Janet L.Editor}, year={2017}, month={Dec} }
 @article{fulton_arango_ali_bohorquez_lund_ashwell_settar_o'sullivan_koci_2014, title={Genetic Variation within the Mx Gene of Commercially Selected Chicken Lines Reveals Multiple Haplotypes, Recombination and a Protein under Selection Pressure}, volume={9}, ISSN={1932-6203}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108054}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0108054}, abstractNote={The Mx protein is one of the best-characterized interferon-stimulated antiviral mediators. Mx homologs have been identified in most vertebrates examined; however, their location within the cell, their level of activity, and the viruses they inhibit vary widely. Recent studies have demonstrated multiple Mx alleles in chickens and some reports have suggested a specific variant (S631N) within exon 14 confers antiviral activity. In the current study, the complete genome of nine elite egg-layer type lines were sequenced and multiple variants of the Mx gene identified. Within the coding region and upstream putative promoter region 36 SNP variants were identified, producing a total of 12 unique haplotypes. Each elite line contained from one to four haplotypes, with many of these haplotypes being found in only one line. Observation of changes in haplotype frequency over generations, as well as recombination, suggested some unknown selection pressure on the Mx gene. Trait association analysis with either individual SNP or haplotypes showed a significant effect of Mx haplotype on several egg production related traits, and on mortality following Marek's disease virus challenge in some lines. Examination of the location of the various SNP within the protein suggests synonymous SNP tend to be found within structural or enzymatic regions of the protein, while non-synonymous SNP are located in less well defined regions. The putative resistance variant N631 was found in five of the 12 haplotypes with an overall frequency of 47% across the nine lines. Two Mx recombinants were identified within the elite populations, indicating that novel variation can arise and be maintained within intensively selected lines. Collectively, these results suggest the conflicting reports in the literature describing the impact of the different SNP on chicken Mx function may be due to the varying context of haplotypes present in the populations studied.}, number={9}, journal={PLoS ONE}, publisher={Public Library of Science (PLoS)}, author={Fulton, Janet E. and Arango, Jesus and Ali, Rizwana A. and Bohorquez, Elaine B. and Lund, Ashlee R. and Ashwell, Chris M. and Settar, Petek and O'Sullivan, Neil P. and Koci, Matthew D.}, editor={Arez, Ana PaulaEditor}, year={2014}, month={Sep}, pages={e108054} }
 @article{oviedo-rondon_leandro_ali_koci_moraes_brake_2013, title={Broiler breeder feeding programs and trace minerals on maternal antibody transfer and broiler humoral immune response1}, volume={22}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2012-00708}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2012-00708}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Breeder feed restriction may negatively affect broiler progeny immunity. Sources of trace minerals (TM) with higher bioavailability in breeder diets have been reported to enhance humoral and cellular immunity in broiler progeny. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of breeder feeding programs and TM dietary sources on maternal antibody transfer and humoral immune response of progeny to a live vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Cobb 500 breeders were fed according to 2 feed allocation programs, sigmoid late fast and sigmoid late slow, from 14 to 29 wk of age. From 56 to 62 wk of age, breeders were fed with either inorganic TM or an organic source (OTM) to replace 30% of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Progeny broilers were vaccinated intraocularly with La Sota NDV vaccine at 7 d of age. Blood samples were collected at hatching, 4, and 14 d postvaccination. Serum antibody levels against NDV were assessed by ELISA and cytokine expression by real time PCR. At hatching, late slow breeder progeny fed diets with 30% OTM had higher antibody titers as compared with progeny of breeders fed 100% inorganic TM. Similar results were observed 2 wk postvaccination. Breeder feeding programs and TM sources affected the expression level of IL-4 in NDV vaccinated broiler progeny. It was concluded that breeder feeding programs influenced humoral immune response to NDV vaccine in the broiler progeny, and 30% OTM may increase these responses.}, number={3}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Oviedo-Rondon, E. O. and Leandro, N. M. and Ali, R. and Koci, M. and Moraes, V. and Brake, J.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={499–510} }
 @article{meyerhoff_nighot_ali_blikslager_koci_2012, title={Characterization of turkey inducible nitric oxide synthase and identification of its expression in the intestinal epithelium following astrovirus infection}, volume={35}, ISSN={0147-9571}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2011.10.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.cimid.2011.10.002}, abstractNote={The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme has long been recognized as a key mediator of innate immune responses to infectious diseases across the phyla. Its role in killing or inactivating bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens has been documented in numerous host systems. iNOS, and its innate immune mediator NO has also been described to have negative consequence on host tissues as well; therefore understanding the pathogenesis of any infectious agent which induces iNOS expression requires a better understanding of the role iNOS and NO play in that disease. Previous studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated evidence for increased levels of iNOS and activity of its innate immune mediator NO in the intestine of turkeys infected with astrovirus. To begin to characterize the role iNOS plays in the innate immune response to astrovirus infection, we identified, characterized, developed tkiNOS specific reagents, and demonstrated that the intestinal epithelial cells induce expression of iNOS following astrovirus infection. These data are the first to our knowledge to describe the tkiNOS gene, and demonstrate that astrovirus infection induces intestinal epithelial cells to express iNOS, suggesting these cells play a key role in the antiviral response to enteric infections.}, number={1}, journal={Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Meyerhoff, R. Ryan and Nighot, Prashant K. and Ali, Rizwana A. and Blikslager, Anthony T. and Koci, Matthew D.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={63–69} }
 @article{meyerhoff_ali_liu_huang_koci_2012, title={Comprehensive analysis of commercially available mouse antichicken monoclonal antibodies for cross-reactivity with peripheral blood leukocytes from commercial turkeys}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855963731&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2011-01846}, abstractNote={In the United States, turkey production contributes approximately $14.4 billion to the US economy; however, the number of reagents specifically developed to study the immune system of this economically important species is limited. To compensate for this, laboratories focused on the turkey system have each empirically tested various chicken-specific reagents for cross-reactivity with turkeys. The result is a patchwork of reports using different genetic lines and different ages, and in many cases, leading to inconsistent conclusions about the cross-reactivity of the reagents tested. In the current study, we investigated a large panel of commercially available monoclonal antibodies specific for chicken leukocyte markers for their ability to specifically recognize the turkey homolog of their respective ligand using 2 different genetic lines of commercial turkeys. The results of these studies identify 8 chicken-specific monoclonal antibodies (F21-21, F21-2, CT4, EP96, 3-298, AV7, c264, and AV6) as demonstrating strong evidence for cross-reactivity with turkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both commercial lines, 3 of which (F21-2, EP96, and c264), to our knowledge, have not previously been reported. In addition, characterization of the anti-CD8α monoclonal antibody 3-298 provides evidence that turkeys, like chickens, have a relatively high percentage of CD4CD8 double-positive T-cells in circulation and have at least 5 alleles of the CD8α gene. Collectively, the results from these experiments strengthen our understanding of the turkey immune system, its relative level of conservation with the chicken system, and adds to the list of reagents that can be reliably used to assess immune responses in commercial turkeys.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Meyerhoff, R. R. and Ali, R. A. and Liu, K. and Huang, G. -Q. and Koci, M. D.}, year={2012}, month={Feb}, pages={383–392} }
 @article{meyerhoff_ali_liu_huang_koci_2012, title={Comprehensive analysis of commercially available mouse antichicken monoclonal antibodies for cross-reactivity with peripheral blood leukocytes from commercial turkeys (vol 91, pg 383, 2012)}, volume={91}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2012-91-4-1043}, number={4}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Meyerhoff, R. R. and Ali, R. A. and Liu, K. and Huang, G. -Q. and Koci, M. D.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={1043–1043} }
 @article{qiu_croom_ali_ballou_smith_ashwell_hassan_chiang_koci_2012, title={Direct fed microbial supplementation repartitions host energy to the immune system}, volume={90}, ISSN={["1525-3163"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865634686&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2527/jas.2011-4611}, abstractNote={Direct fed microbials and probiotics are used to promote health in livestock and poultry; however, their mechanism of action is still poorly understood. We previously reported that direct fed microbial supplementation in young broilers reduced ileal respiration without changing whole-body energy expenditure. The current studies were conducted to further investigate the effects of a direct fed microbial on energy metabolism in different tissues of broilers. One hundred ninety-two 1-d-old broiler chicks (16 chicks/pen) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary groups: standard control starter diet (CSD) and CSD plus direct fed microbial (DFMD; 0.3%) with 6 pens/treatment. Body weight, feed consumption, whole-body energy expenditure, organ mass, tissue respiration rates, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) ATP concentrations were measured to estimate changes in energy metabolism. No differences in whole body energy expenditure or BW gain were observed; however, decreased ileal O(2) respiration (P < 0.05) was measured in DFMD fed broilers. In contrast, the respiration rate of the thymus in those broilers was increased (P < 0.05). The PBMC from DFMD fed broilers had increased ATP concentrations and exhibited increased ATP turnover (P < 0.01). To determine if the increased energy consumption by PBMC corresponded with an altered immune response, broilers were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and assayed for differences in their humoral response. The DFMD-fed broilers had a faster rate of antigen specific IgG production (P < 0.05) and an increase in total IgA (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that supplementation with the direct fed microbial used in this study resulted in energy re-partitioning to the immune system and an increase in antibody production independent of changes in whole body metabolism or growth performance.}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE}, author={Qiu, R. and Croom, J. and Ali, R. A. and Ballou, A. L. and Smith, C. D. and Ashwell, C. M. and Hassan, H. M. and Chiang, C. -C. and Koci, M. D.}, year={2012}, month={Aug}, pages={2639–2651} }
 @article{leandro_ali_koci_moraes_malheiros_wineland_oviedo-rondon_2011, title={Effects of broiler breeder genetic, diet type, and feeding program on maternal antibody transfer and development of lymphoid tissues in chicken progeny}, volume={20}, ISSN={1056-6171 1537-0437}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2010-00268}, DOI={10.3382/japr.2010-00268}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Maternal antibody (MatAb) transfer is important for early chicken survivability. Diet composition and the amount of feed given to breeder pullets during rearing may affect the development of immunity and the transfer of MatAb to progeny, and could affect progeny performance and resistance to disease. The effects of broiler breeder nutrition and feeding management practices were evaluated for the transfer of MatAb to progeny and for spleen and bursa development at hatching in 2 genetic strains (A and B). In this experiment, the levels of MatAb against Newcastle disease virus were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in serum samples taken of pedigreed chicken progeny from hatching to 13 d of age. Chickens were fed corn- and wheat-based diets, as were their parents. The breeder feeding program and diet type altered the Newcastle disease virus MatAb found in progeny at hatching and affected how long these antibodies were maintained in circulation. Bursal follicle size at hatching was influenced by an interaction among all factors evaluated. Percentage of white pulp in the spleen was affected mainly by genetic strain and diet type, but responses varied according to the breeder feeding program. It was concluded that breeder feeding programs influence MatAb transfer and half-life, and may also affect the early development of lymphoid tissues.}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Applied Poultry Research}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Leandro, N. M. and Ali, R. and Koci, M. and Moraes, V. and Malheiros, R. D. and Wineland, M. J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={474–484} }
 @article{leandro_ali_koci_moraes_eusebio-balcazar_jornigan_malheiros_wineland_brake_oviedo-rondon_2011, title={Maternal antibody transfer to broiler progeny varies among strains and is affected by grain source and cage density}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-81555201984&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2011-01573}, abstractNote={Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of broiler breeder dietary grain source and cage density on maternal antibody (MatAb) transfer to progeny in 2 genetic strains (A and B). Broiler breeders were assigned to 16 litter floor pens and fed either corn- or wheat-based diets. Breeders were administered 4 live vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). At 23 wk of age, pullets and cocks, which reflected the full BW distribution from each treatment, were moved to a cage breeder house and placed at 1 or 2 hens/cage. Breeders were artificially inseminated at 44 wk (experiment 1) and 52 wk of age (experiment 2). Eggs were collected for 8 d, incubated, and placed in individual pedigree bags at d 19 of incubation. Blood samples from 5 chicks per treatment combination were collected at hatch in both experiments. Spleen and bursa were collected from the same chicks for histomorphometry analyses in experiment 2. In the second experiment, 12 chicks per treatment were placed in cages. Progeny were provided diets based on the same grain (corn or wheat) as their parents. Serum samples were collected at 5, 9, and 13 d of age and analyzed for anti-NDV MatAb. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design considering strain, dietary grain source, and cage density as main factors. Interaction effects were observed in breeders and progeny. Experiment 1 showed that strain A chicks had lower levels of MatAb when hens were housed at 2 hens/cage rather than 1 hen/cage. The MatAb levels of strain B chickens were not affected by cage density in either experiment. Experiment 2 demonstrated similar effects of cage density on MatAb levels and the area of bursa follicles for both strains. Progeny of breeders fed corn-based diets had smaller spleen white pulp only when hens were housed at 2 hens/cage compared with 1 hen/cage. The results of these experiments suggest that breeder strain and cage-density conditions affected MatAb transfer to progeny and embryo development of spleen and bursa.}, number={12}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Leandro, N. M. and Ali, R. and Koci, M. and Moraes, V. and Eusebio-Balcazar, P. E. and Jornigan, J. and Malheiros, R. D. and Wineland, M. J. and Brake, J. and Oviedo-Rondon, E. O.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={2730–2739} }
 @article{nighot_moeser_ali_blikslager_koci_2010, title={Astrovirus infection induces sodium malabsorption and redistributes sodium hydrogen exchanger expression}, volume={401}, ISSN={0042-6822}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.004}, DOI={10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.004}, abstractNote={Astroviruses are known to be a leading cause of diarrhea in infants and the immunocompromised; however, our understanding of this endemic pathogen is limited. Histological analyses of astrovirus pathogenesis demonstrate clinical disease is not associated with changes to intestinal architecture, inflammation, or cell death. Recent studies in vitro have suggested that astroviruses induce actin rearrangement leading to loss of barrier function. The current study used the type-2 turkey astrovirus (TAstV-2) and turkey poult model of astrovirus disease to examine how astrovirus infection affects the ultrastructure and electrophysiology of the intestinal epithelium. These data demonstrate that infection results in changes to the epithelial ultrastructure, rearrangement of F-actin, decreased absorption of sodium, as well as redistribution of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) from the membrane to the cytoplasm. Collectively, these data suggest astrovirus infection induces sodium malabsorption, possibly through redistribution of specific sodium transporters, which results in the development of an osmotic diarrhea.}, number={2}, journal={Virology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nighot, Prashant K. and Moeser, Adam and Ali, Rizwana A. and Blikslager, Anthony T. and Koci, Matthew D.}, year={2010}, month={Jun}, pages={146–154} }
 @article{guo_ali_qureshi_2003, title={The influence of beta-glucan on immune responses in broiler chicks}, volume={25}, ISSN={["0892-3973"]}, DOI={10.1081/IPH-120024513}, abstractNote={Abstract Beta‐1,3/1,6‐glucan (β‐glucan) was tested as a possible immunomodulator. Chicken macrophages from a macrophage cell line MQ‐NCSU and from abdominal exudate of broiler chickens were exposed to various concentrations of β‐glucan in vitro. In addition, day‐old broiler chicks were fed a diet containing 0, 20, and 40 mg/kg β‐glucan in the starter and 0, 20, and 20 mg/kg in the grower diet. Several baseline immune parameters were examined following such exposures. The results showed that β‐glucan exposure increased nitrite and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) production as well as induced macrophage to proliferate in culture. However, IL‐6 production was not affected. Dietary β‐glucan supplementation increased the macrophage phagocytic activity, anti‐sheep red blood cells antibody response post‐boost, as well as the PHA‐P‐mediated lymphoproliferative response measured as a toe‐web swelling. The percentage of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ double positive lymphocytes in the intestinal intraepithelial leukocytes was increased in β‐glucan supplemented chicks. Furthermore, the primary and secondary lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen were larger in β‐glucan‐supplemented chicks as compared to the chicks on basal diet. The findings of these studies which showed that β‐glucan improves several base‐line immune responses in the chicken imply that β‐glucan can be used as a possible immunomodulator in food animals such as the chicken.}, number={3}, journal={IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY}, author={Guo, YM and Ali, RA and Qureshi, MA}, year={2003}, pages={461–472} }
 @article{heggen-peay_cheema_ali_schat_qureshi_2002, title={Interactions of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome-associated reovirus with various cell types in vitro}, volume={81}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/81.11.1661}, abstractNote={An avian reovirus, ARV-CU98, has recently been isolated from poults experiencing poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS). To further understand ARV-CU98 and its role in PEMS, the current study investigates interactions of ARV-CU98 with various cell types in vitro. When macrophages, B cells, T cells, and liver cells of chicken or turkey origin were co-incubated with ARV-CU98, only cells of liver origin demonstrated cytopathic effects, the presence of viral antigen, and reduced metabolic activity over time. Furthermore, distinctive pockets of viral particles were evident in electron microscopic examination of a chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cell line, but not in a chicken macrophage cell line (MQ-NCSU) co-incubated with virus. Additional evidence of viral replication in LMH, cells but not MQ-NCSU cells was demonstrated by the presence of two viral bands (43 and 145 kD size) in cell lysates from LMH cells exposed to ARV-CU98. Although not capable of being infected by ARV-CU98, MQ-NCSU cells do appear to be activated by the virus since IL-1 mRNA expression is increased in MQ-NCSU cells 2 h after addition of the virus. LMH cells exposed to the virus demonstrate a decrease in IL-1 mRNA expression by 8 to 10 h after addition of the virus, perhaps corresponding to the initiation of infection by the virus. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ARV-CU98 actively infects and replicates in LMH cells, but not in lymphocytes or macrophages, suggesting that the liver may be a target and site of replication of ARV-CU98 in poults experiencing PEMS.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Heggen-Peay, CL and Cheema, MA and Ali, RA and Schat, KA and Qureshi, MA}, year={2002}, month={Nov}, pages={1661–1667} }
 @article{qureshi_ali_thomas_baloch_briles_2000, title={Alloantigen systems L and P influence phagocytic function independent of the major histocompatability complex (B) in chickens}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/79.9.1271}, abstractNote={Synthetic parent stocks were designed to produce progeny among which alleles were simultaneously segregating for nine alloantigen systems, including the MHC (B). Chicks from Ancona-derived B19B19 females crossed with White leghorn B19B21 males were blood typed, resulting in genotypic categories for the A-E, C, D, H, I, L, and P loci with the objective of determining which, if any, of the eight non-MHC alloantigen systems influence or interact with the B system genotypes for blood monocyte phagocytic activity. Leukocytes obtained from whole blood at 2 and 4 wk were separated on a Fico/Lite LymphoH, density gradient and were allowed to adhere to glass coverslips. The resulting adherent monocyte monolayers were incubated with viable Escherichia coli for 1 h and stained with Leukostat, and the phagocytic monocytes and numbers of internalized bacteria per phagocytic monocyte were scored microscopically. The combined results from two separate trials demonstrated that the genotypes of the A-E, C, D, H, and I systems did not differ in the percentage of monocytes exhibiting phagocytosis, whereas significant differences were noted relative to the B system genotype at 2 wk of age (B19B21 > B19B19; P = 0.049), L at 4 wk (L1L1 > L1L2; P = 0.009), and P at 4 wk (P4P4 > P1P1; P = 0.047). The data were further analyzed to determine any interactions of P and L alloantigen genotypes with the B system genotypes; no such interaction was observed. These studies suggest that the L and P non-MHC alloantigen systems have the potential to influence immune responses by modulating phagocytic function in chickens. Furthermore, this modulation seems to be independent of the B (MHC) system.}, number={9}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Qureshi, MA and Ali, RA and Thomas, LN and Baloch, RN and Briles, WE}, year={2000}, month={Sep}, pages={1271–1275} }
 @article{kidd_qureshi_hagler_ali_1997, title={T-2 tetraol is cytotoxic to a chicken macrophage cell line}, volume={76}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/76.2.311}, abstractNote={Cytotoxic effects of T-2 tetraol, a T-2 toxin derivative, on the MQ-NCSU chicken macrophage cell line were quantified by direct in vitro exposure. Macrophage cultures were exposed to 1, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 micrograms/mL of T-2 tetraol for 1 h. Macrophage viability after exposure to T-2 tetraol. Macrophage viability was reduced by increasing concentrations of T-2 tetraol (linear effect, P < or = 0.001; quadratic effect, P < or = 0.025). The ability of macrophages to adhere to glass surfaces was impaired by increasing concentrations of T-2 tetraol (linear effect, P < or = 0.003). This experiment demonstrates that T-2 tetraol is cytotoxic to chicken macrophages in vitro.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Kidd, MT and Qureshi, MA and Hagler, WM and Ali, R}, year={1997}, month={Feb}, pages={311–313} }