@article{jain_lubkeman_lukic_2019, title={Dynamic Adaptive Protection for Distribution Systems in Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1937-4208"]}, DOI={10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2884705}, abstractNote={Reliable protection of distribution systems is becoming increasingly challenging with growing distributed energy resources (DERs) and microgrids. Existing adaptive overcurrent relaying (AOCR) schemes are vulnerable to DER ride-through and generally focus on only grid or islanded modes. This paper presents a dynamic AOCR scheme independent of external controllers to estimate relay pickup that ensures significantly less communication overhead. Existing and emerging challenges for the state-of-the-art are discussed and resolved using the proposed scheme. The reliability is tested using transient system models in Simulink for all combinations of state and fault types/impedances in a 15-bus distribution system.}, number={1}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY}, author={Jain, Rishabh and Lubkeman, David L. and Lukic, Srdjan M.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={281–289} }
 @inproceedings{du_jain_lukic_2017, title={Effects of battery degradation on economic viability of energy storage systems participating in regulation markets}, DOI={10.1109/pesgm.2017.8274359}, abstractNote={FERC Order 755 requires transmission system operators to provide performance-based payment for ancillary services. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have the capacity to play a more vital role in regulation market because of their ability to provide an accurate and fast response to automatic generation control (AGC) dispatch signals. However, since batteries are complex electrochemical systems, it is difficult to understand how the battery degradation phenomena will affect the total revenue from BESS providing the regulation service. In this paper, we show that bid-in strategies that consider the battery degradation as a function of the service provided have a substantial effect on the total revenue for the BESS operators. Different bid-in strategies aiming at enhancing BESS's total revenue before it reaches its end of life are analyzed and compared with nominal capacity based bid-in approaches. Finally, we propose a practical bid-in strategy that provides substantial improvement over the nominal capacity based approach.}, booktitle={2017 ieee power & energy society general meeting}, author={Du, Y. H. and Jain, R. and Lukic, S. M.}, year={2017} }
 @article{zhang_jain_hodge_2016, title={A data-driven method to characterize turbulence-caused uncertainty in wind power generation}, volume={112}, ISSN={["1873-6785"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.144}, abstractNote={A data-driven methodology is developed to analyze how ambient and wake turbulence affect the power generation of wind turbine(s). Using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data from a wind plant, we select two sets of wind velocity and power data for turbines on the edge of the plant that resemble (i) an out-of-wake scenario and (ii) an in-wake scenario. For each set of data, two surrogate models are developed to represent the turbine(s) power generation as a function of (i) the wind speed and (ii) the wind speed and turbulence intensity. Three types of uncertainties in turbine(s) power generation are investigated: (i) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the reported power curve; (ii) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the estimated power response that accounts for only mean wind speed; and (iii) the uncertainty in power generation with respect to the estimated power response that accounts for both mean wind speed and turbulence intensity. Results show that (i) the turbine(s) generally produce more power under the in-wake scenario than under the out-of-wake scenario with the same wind speed; and (ii) there is relatively more uncertainty in the power generation under the in-wake scenario than under the out-of-wake scenario.}, journal={ENERGY}, author={Zhang, Jie and Jain, Rishabh and Hodge, Bri-Mathias}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={1139–1152} }
 @inproceedings{du_jain_lukic_2016, title={A novel approach towards energy storage system sizing considering battery degradation}, DOI={10.1109/ecce.2016.7854726}, abstractNote={Energy Storage System (ESS), with its fast ramping and bi-direction power flow capabilities, is playing a more vital role in the electric market. However, it still stands on the farther end of economic viability. As a result, a good estimate of battery service life, and therefore revenue, is necessary before the investment is made in any given application. In this paper, a set of improved degradation models are propose to estimate the useful life of an ESS when subjected to daily duty cycles (4-sec resolution). The models are validated and tuned for the target Li-Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA) batteries. Time to End of Life (EOL) is estimated for batteries of different sizes to provide ancillary services and/or energy services in electric market, given different end-of-cycle state of charge. Finally, the strategies which can be used to size the battery for maximizing time to EOL are discussed.}, booktitle={2016 ieee energy conversion congress and exposition (ecce)}, author={Du, Y. H. and Jain, R. and Lukic, S. M.}, year={2016} }
 @inproceedings{jain_lukic_chhokra_mahadevan_dubey_karsai_2015, title={An improved distance relay model with directional element, and memory polarization for TCD based fault propagation studies}, DOI={10.1109/naps.2015.7335206}, abstractNote={Modern Power Systems have evolved into a very complex network of multiple sources, lines, breakers, loads and others. The performance of these interdependent components decide the reliability of the power systems. A tool called “Reasoner” is being developed to deduce fault propagations using a Temporal Causal Diagram (TCD) approach. It translates the physical system as a Cause-effect model. This work discusses the development of an advanced distance relay model, which monitors the system, and challenges the operation of reasoner for refinement. Process of generation of a Fault and Discrepancy Mapping file from the test system is presented. This file is used by the reasoner to scrutinize relays' responses for active system faults, and hypothesize potential mis-operations (or cyber faults) with a confidence metric. Analyzer (relay model) is integrated to OpenDSS for fault analysis. The understanding of the system interdependency (fault propagation behavior) using reasoner can make the grid more robust against cascaded failures.}, booktitle={2015 north american power symposium (naps)}, author={Jain, R. and Lukic, S. M. and Chhokra, A. and Mahadevan, N. and Dubey, A. and Karsai, G.}, year={2015} }