@article{neal_noble_2008, title={Comparison of diploid and triploid largemouth bass growth and maturation through age 1 in Puerto Rico}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0275-5947"]}, DOI={10.1577/m07-046.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, author={Neal, J. Wesley and Noble, Richard L.}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={688–693} }
 @article{cope_bringolf_mosher_rice_noble_edwards_2008, title={Controlling nitrogen release from farm ponds with a subsurface outflow device: Implications for improved water quality in receiving streams}, volume={95}, ISSN={["0378-3774"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.agwat.2008.01.015}, abstractNote={Abstract The retention of nutrients in farm ponds has many potential benefits, including reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus (promoters of eutrophication) in receiving streams. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial subsurface pond outflow control device (Pond Management System™) on nutrient retention in farm ponds. Four ponds of similar size and water chemistry in the upper Tar River basin of North Carolina, USA were studied; three were equipped with the pond outflow control device and one was retained without a device (normal surface outflow) that served as a reference site. Water samples were collected monthly from each pond at 0.3 m intervals from the surface to 2.1 m at a fixed station adjacent to the pond standpipe and from the pond outflow pipe from March to October 2005. The water samples were analyzed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), chlorophyll a, and a suite of other physicochemical variables. In ponds with the subsurface outflow device, the mean N concentrations in the outflow were substantially less (6.2–20.7%) than concentrations at the pond surface. Concentrations of N in the outflow were similar to N concentrations at intermediate pond depths (0.9–1.5 m), the depth of the outflow devices, indicating water was drawn from these depths and that N was being retained in the surface layers of the pond. Also, mean water temperatures were 1.1–1.9 °C cooler at intermediate depths compared to the surface, suggesting potential application of the outflow device for minimizing warm water outflows to receiving streams. These results provide evidence that under these conditions a subsurface pond outflow device can reduce nutrient release to receiving streams, thereby increasing overall stream water quality.}, number={6}, journal={AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT}, author={Cope, W. Gregory and Bringolf, Robert B. and Mosher, Shad and Rice, James A. and Noble, Richard L. and Edwards, H. Clifton}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={737–742} }
 @article{neal_noble_2006, title={A bioenergetics-based approach to explain largemouth bass size in tropical reservoirs}, volume={135}, ISSN={["1548-8659"]}, DOI={10.1577/T05-258.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={6}, journal={TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY}, author={Neal, J. Wesley and Noble, Richard L.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={1535–1545} }
 @article{neal_noble_lilyestrom_2006, title={Evaluation of the ecological compatibility of butterfly peacock cichlids and largemouth bass in Puerto Rico reservoirs}, volume={135}, ISSN={["1548-8659"]}, DOI={10.1577/T04-191.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY}, author={Neal, J. Wesley and Noble, Richard L. and Lilyestrom, Craig G.}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={288–296} }
 @article{ozen_noble_2005, title={Assessing age-0 year-class strength of fast-growing largemouth bass in a tropical reservoir}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1548-8675"]}, DOI={10.1577/M04-036.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, author={Ozen, O and Noble, RL}, year={2005}, month={Feb}, pages={163–170} }
 @article{waters_noble_hightower_2005, title={Fishing and natural mortality of adult largemouth bass in a tropical reservoir}, volume={134}, ISSN={["1548-8659"]}, DOI={10.1577/T03-198.1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={3}, journal={TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY}, author={Waters, DS and Noble, RL and Hightower, JE}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={563–571} }
 @article{ozen_noble_2005, title={Relationship between largemouth bass recruitment and water level dynamics in a Puerto Rico reservoir}, volume={21}, ISSN={["2151-5530"]}, DOI={10.1080/07438140509354416}, abstractNote={Abstract Recruitment of largemouth bass at age-1 in a Puerto Rico reservoir can be predicted from water level variables of the previous year. Age-1 largemouth bass electrofishing catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) as an index of year-class strength varied five fold between 1994 and 2001 in Lucchetti Reservoir, Puerto Rico. The CPUE of age-1 largemouth bass was higher in years when the water level of the previous years (1993–2000) remained high during the spawning period (January-June). The greatest water level drop (11.2 m) during the spawning period was observed in 1999, resulting in a water volume decrease of 66.5%, which corresponded to the lowest recruitment (CPUE 24.2 fish·h−1). With only 2.6 m of water level drop and 18.3% water volume decrease during the spawning period, the 1995 largemouth bass cohort was the strongest (CPUE 128.3 fish·h−1). The effect of these hydrological variables on largemouth bass recruitment appeared to be exponential rather than linear. Age-1 largemouth bass comprise the majority of the fishable stock in Lucchetti Reservoir, and the stock is typically below carrying capacity. Thus, the potential exists to adopt a water level management plan during the spawning period of largemouth bass to ensure successful largemouth bass recruitment into the next year's fishable stock.}, number={1}, journal={LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT}, author={Ozen, O and Noble, RL}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={89–95} }
 @article{neal_bacheler_noble_shea_cope_2005, title={The  mystery of Dos Bocas Reservoir, Puerto Rico: Explaining extreme spatial heterogeneity in largemouth bass distribution}, volume={41}, number={4}, journal={Caribbean Journal of Science}, author={Neal, J. W. and Bacheler, N. M. and Noble, R. L. and Shea, D. and Cope, W. G.}, year={2005}, pages={804–814} }
 @article{neal_neal_noble_mcgee_2004, title={Artificial propagation and induction of triploidy in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and ploidy discrimination using erythrocyte length}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0893-8849"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1749-7345.2004.tb01058.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY}, author={Neal, JW and Neal, DM and Noble, RL and McGee, MV}, year={2004}, month={Mar}, pages={46–54} }
 @article{bacheler_neal_noble_2004, title={Diet overlap between native bigmouth sleepers (Gobiomorus dormitor) and introduced predatory fishes in a Puerto Rico reservoir}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1600-0633"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00040.x}, abstractNote={Abstract –  Native fish species coexist with introduced species in Puerto Rico's freshwater systems, yet competition between these species has not been evaluated. We examined the extent of diet overlap between native bigmouth sleepers Gobiomorus dormitor and introduced largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and peacock bass Cichla ocellaris in a Puerto Rico reservoir. Bigmouth sleepers and largemouth bass exhibited an ontogenetic shift in feeding habits, whereas peacock bass were exclusively piscivorous at all sizes collected in this study. Biologically significant diet overlap was observed between large bigmouth sleepers and largemouth bass, but not between large bigmouth sleepers and peacock bass, or between large largemouth bass and adult peacock bass. No significant diet overlap in any species combination was observed in small or medium size classes. Better understanding of the ecology of these coexisting predators should lead to improved conservation of bigmouth sleepers, and improved fisheries management for all three predatory species.}, number={2}, journal={ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH}, author={Bacheler, NM and Neal, JW and Noble, RL}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={111–118} }
 @article{barwick_kwak_noble_barwick_2004, title={Fish populations associated with habitat-modified piers and natural woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1548-8675"]}, DOI={10.1577/m03-094.1}, abstractNote={Abstract A primary concern associated with reservoir shoreline residential development is reduction of littoral habitat complexity and diversity. One potential approach to compensate for this is the deployment of artificial-habitat modules under existing piers, but the benefit of this practice has not been demonstrated. To evaluate the effect of pier habitat modifications on fish populations in two Piedmont Carolina reservoirs, we studied 77 piers located on forty-seven, 100-m transects that were modified using plastic “fish hab” modules augmented with brush (brushed habs), hab modules alone (habs), or left unaltered for reference purposes. We sampled fish from all piers and transects during April, July, and October 2001 using a boat-mounted electrofisher. With few exceptions, catch rates were higher at brushed-hab piers and piers with habs than at reference piers during all seasons. Similarly, during spring and summer, fish abundance was generally higher on transects containing natural woody debris, brus...}, number={4}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, author={Barwick, RD and Kwak, TJ and Noble, RL and Barwick, DH}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={1120–1133} }
 @article{bacheler_neal_noble_2004, title={Reproduction of a landlocked diadromous fish population: Bigmouth sleepers Gobiomorus dormitor in a reservoir in Puerto Rico}, volume={40}, number={2}, journal={Caribbean Journal of Science}, author={Bacheler, N. M. and Neal, J. W. and Noble, R. L.}, year={2004}, pages={223–231} }
 @article{waters_noble_2004, title={Spawning season and nest fidelity of largemouth bass in a tropical reservoir}, volume={24}, ISSN={["1548-8675"]}, DOI={10.1577/m03-048.1}, abstractNote={Abstract Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, an intensively studied sport fish of temperate North America, have been introduced into tropical regions, but with little evaluation. Studies in Puerto Rico suggest that reproduction occurs over many months and that life spans are short and annual mortality rates high. We tracked 44 adult largemouth bass with ultrasonic telemetry over an 18-month period (two spawning seasons) to determine the temporal and spatial utilization of spawning grounds. During the 1998 spawning season, both males and females demonstrated high site fidelity to specific areas characteristic of spawning grounds over the first half of the calendar year. Within this period, two distinct spawning events were evident from fish movements and were subsequently verified by hatch frequencies of young. The two spawning events, from mid-January through March and from late May through June, coincided with highly fluctuating water levels. When levels were high, shallow, vegetated areas were availa...}, number={4}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, author={Waters, DS and Noble, RL}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={1240–1251} }
 @article{neal_noble_2002, title={Growth, survival, and site fidelity of Florida and intergrade largemouth bass stocked in a tropical reservoir}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1548-8675"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0528:GSASFO>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Differential performance of genetic strains of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is an important management consideration. In Puerto Rico, largemouth bass are widely stocked without attention to which stock is the superior genetic stock for island reservoirs. We simultaneously stocked fingerling Florida largemouth bass M. s. floridanus and intergrade (hybrids of Florida and northern largemouth bass M. s. salmoides) largemouth bass at four sites within Lucchetti Reservoir, Puerto Rico. Recapture efforts 24–26 d following stocking revealed no differences in initial growth or survival. Dispersion from stocking sites varied among sites and between groups at two sites and for all sites pooled; Florida largemouth bass were significantly more mobile after stocking. Relative abundance of each group was similar at age 1, but Florida largemouth bass accounted for 76% of the catch at age 2 and 100% at ages 3 and 4. Initial growth rate was rapid for both groups (1.25 mm/d) until about 275 mm total length...}, number={2}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT}, author={Neal, JW and Noble, RL}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={528–536} }
 @inbook{noble_2002, title={Reflections on 25 years of progress in black bass management.}, volume={31}, booktitle={Black Bass: Ecology, conservation, and management: Proceedings of the symposium Black Bass 2000 (American Fisheries Society symposium ; 31)}, publisher={Bethesda, Md.: American Fisheries Society}, author={Noble, R. L.}, year={2002}, pages={419–431} }
 @inbook{ozen_noble_2002, title={Relationships between water level fluctuations and largemouth bass spawning in a Puerto Rico reservoir.}, volume={31}, booktitle={Black Bass: Ecology, conservation, and management: Proceedings of the symposium Black Bass 2000 (American Fisheries Society symposium ; 31)}, publisher={Bethesda, Md.: American Fisheries Society}, author={Ozen, O. and Noble, R. L.}, year={2002}, pages={213–220} }
 @inbook{neal_noble_churchill_2002, title={Timing of largemouth bass supplemental stocking in a tropical reservoir: impacts on growth and survival.}, volume={31}, booktitle={Black Bass: Ecology, conservation, and management: Proceedings of the symposium Black Bass 2000 (American Fisheries Society symposium ; 31)}, publisher={Bethesda, Md.: American Fisheries Society}, author={Neal, J. W. and Noble, R. L. and Churchill, T. N.}, year={2002}, pages={691–701} }
 @article{irwin_noble_2000, title={Diel distribution of age-0 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in B. E. Jordan Lake, North Carolina (USA) and its relation to cover}, volume={9}, ISSN={["0906-6691"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1600-0633.2000.eff090405.x}, abstractNote={Abstract – We used prepositioned area electrofishers (PAEs, 10×1.5 m) to assess diel differences in distribution of age‐0 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, in August 1992–1993 in a paired sampling design. PAEs were placed parallel to shore in an embayment of an unvegetated reservoir (B. E. Jordan Lake, North Carolina, USA). The catch per unit effort (CPUE=fish/PAE) was significantly higher at night than during the day in both years, indicating that age‐0 largemouth bass exhibit nocturnal inshore movements. Age‐0 largemouth bass captured inshore during day were smaller than those captured at night, indicating that movement patterns may change ontogenetically. Inshore‐offshore movements of age‐0 largemouth bass were significantly reduced in the presence of cover, suggesting that diel movements were influenced by specific habitat components. Diel movements likely were related to foraging, resting and predator avoidance behavior and could affect population dynamics and introduce bias in assessment programs.Note}, number={4}, journal={ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH}, author={Irwin, ER and Noble, RL}, year={2000}, month={Dec}, pages={229–235} }
 @article{jackson_noble_2000, title={Relationships between annual variations in reservoir conditions and age-0 largemouth bass year-class strength}, volume={129}, ISSN={["1548-8659"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0699:RBAVIR>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Variable recruitment has been documented in populations of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides throughout the species' range. Shoreline electrofishing was used from 1988 to 1998 to assess the magnitude of variations in year-class strength of largemouth bass at the time cohort mean lengths reached 50 mm in Jordan Lake, North Carolina. Concurrent measures of adult stock characteristics, dynamics of larval and juvenile shad Dorosoma spp., lake elevation dynamics, and seasonal air temperatures were used to test published findings concerning factors that influence largemouth bass year-class strength. Catch rates of juvenile largemouth bass varied fourfold from 1988 to 1995. No significant relationships were observed between largemouth bass year-class size and spawning stock size, shad dynamics, or variations in lake elevations. However, late-winter and early spring air temperatures explained a significant amount of the observed variation in catch rates of age-0 largemouth bass. Abundance of yearling...}, number={3}, journal={TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY}, author={Jackson, JR and Noble, RL}, year={2000}, month={May}, pages={699–715} }
 @article{neal_rice_noble_1999, title={Evaluation of two sizes of hybrid striped bass for introduction into small ponds}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1548-8454"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0074:EOTSOH>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Private recreational fisheries in small impoundments provide a potential new market for the growing industry producing hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis. We estimated growth, condition, and survival of hybrid striped bass (female striped bass × male white bass M. chrysops) in two small ponds with established fisheries for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus that eventually experienced severe weather-induced fish kills 266 d and 348 d after stocking. Both ponds were stocked with 40 phase 2 (120–169 mm total length, TL) and 22 phase 3 (241–344 mm TL) hybrid striped bass/ha. Growth and condition were monitored from introduction until the occurrence of fish kills. Fish collections immediately following the kills allowed minimum estimates of survival for time at large before each event. Mean growth rates were near 0.35 mm/d for phase 2 hybrids and ranged from 0.13 to 0.21 mm/d for phase 3 hybrids. Mean relative weight (Wr ), which at the time of stocking was optim...}, number={1}, journal={NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE}, author={Neal, JW and Rice, JA and Noble, RL}, year={1999}, month={Jan}, pages={74–78} }
 @article{woodward_noble_1997, title={Over-winter movements of adult largemouth bass in a North Carolina reservoir}, volume={51}, number={1997}, journal={Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies}, author={Woodward, K. O. and Noble, R. L.}, year={1997}, pages={113–122} }