@article{tokarz_heffelfinger_jima_gerlach_shah_rodriguez-nunez_kortum_fletcher_nordone_law_et al._2017, title={Disruption of Trim9 function abrogates macrophage motility in vivo}, volume={102}, ISSN={0741-5400 1938-3673}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1A0816-371R}, DOI={10.1189/jlb.1a0816-371r}, abstractNote={The vertebrate immune response comprises multiple molecular and cellular components that interface to provide defense against pathogens. Because of the dynamic complexity of the immune system and its interdependent innate and adaptive functionality, an understanding of the whole‐organism response to pathogen exposure remains unresolved. Zebrafish larvae provide a unique model for overcoming this obstacle, because larvae are protected against pathogens while lacking a functional adaptive immune system during the first few weeks of life. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to immune agonists for various lengths of time, and a microarray transcriptome analysis was executed. This strategy identified known immune response genes, as well as genes with unknown immune function, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif‐9 (Trim9). Although trim9 expression was originally described as “brain specific,” its expression has been reported in stimulated human Mϕs. In this study, we found elevated levels of trim9 transcripts in vivo in zebrafish Mϕs after immune stimulation. Trim9 has been implicated in axonal migration, and we therefore investigated the impact of Trim9 disruption on Mϕ motility and found that Mϕ chemotaxis and cellular architecture are subsequently impaired in vivo. These results demonstrate that Trim9 mediates cellular movement and migration in Mϕs as well as neurons.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Leukocyte Biology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Tokarz, Debra A. and Heffelfinger, Amy K. and Jima, Dereje D. and Gerlach, Jamie and Shah, Radhika N. and Rodriguez-Nunez, Ivan and Kortum, Amanda N. and Fletcher, Ashley A. and Nordone, Shila K. and Law, J. McHugh and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={1371–1380} }
 @article{jima_shah_orcutt_joshi_law_litman_trede_yoder_2009, title={Enhanced transcription of complement and coagulation genes in the absence of adaptive immunity}, volume={46}, ISSN={0161-5890}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2008.12.021}, DOI={10.1016/j.molimm.2008.12.021}, abstractNote={A recessive nonsense mutation in the zebrafish recombination activating gene 1 (rag1) gene results in defective V(D)J recombination; however, animals homozygous for this mutation (rag1(-/-)) are reportedly viable and fertile in standard, nonsterile aquarium conditions but display increased mortality after intraperitoneal injection with mycobacteria. Based on their survival in nonsterile environments, we hypothesized that the rag1(-/-) zebrafish may possess an "enhanced" innate immune response to compensate for the lack of an adaptive immune system. To test this hypothesis, microarray analyses were used to compare the expression profiles of the intestines and hematopoietic kidneys of rag1 deficient zebrafish to the expression profiles of control (heterozygous) siblings. The expression levels of 12 genes were significantly altered in the rag1(-/-) kidney including the up regulation of a putative interferon stimulated gene, and the down regulation of genes encoding fatty acid binding protein 10, keratin 5 and multiple heat shock proteins. The expression levels of 87 genes were shown to be significantly altered in the rag1(-/-) intestine; the majority of these differences reflect increased expression of innate immune genes, including those of the coagulation and complement pathways. Subsequent analyses of orthologous coagulation and complement genes in Rag1(-/-) mice indicate increased transcription of the complement C4 gene in the Rag1(-/-) intestine.}, number={7}, journal={Molecular Immunology}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Jima, Dereje D. and Shah, Radhika N. and Orcutt, Timothy M. and Joshi, Deepa and Law, J. McHugh and Litman, Gary W. and Trede, Nikolaus S. and Yoder, Jeffrey A.}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={1505–1516} }
 @article{wei_zhou_chen_shah_liu_orcutt_traver_djeu_litman_yoder_et al._2007, title={The zebrafish activating immune receptor Nitr9 signals via Dap12}, volume={59}, ISSN={0093-7711 1432-1211}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-007-0250-6}, DOI={10.1007/s00251-007-0250-6}, abstractNote={Both inhibitory and activating forms of natural killer (NK) cell receptors are found in mammals. The activating receptors play a direct role in the recognition of virally infected or transformed cells and transduce activating signals into the cell by partnering with an adaptor protein, which contains a cytoplasmic activation motif. Activating NK receptors encoded by the mammalian leukocyte receptor complex (e.g., killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) and the natural killer complex (e.g., Ly49s) partner with the adaptor protein DAP12, whereas NK receptors encoded in the CD94/NKG2 complex partner with the adaptor protein DAP10. Novel immune-type receptors (NITRs) found in bony fish share several common features with immunoglobulin-type NK receptors. Nitr9 is a putative activating receptor in zebrafish that induces cytotoxicity within the context of human NK cells. One isoform of Nitr9, Nitr9L, is shown here to preferentially partner with a zebrafish ortholog of Dap12. Cross-linking the Nitr9L–Dap12 complex results in activation of the phosphytidylinositol 3-kinase→AKT→extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway suggesting that the DAP12-based activating pathway is conserved between bony fish and mammals.}, number={10}, journal={Immunogenetics}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Wei, S. and Zhou, J.-M. and Chen, X. and Shah, R.N. and Liu, J. and Orcutt, T.M. and Traver, D. and Djeu, J.Y. and Litman, G.W. and Yoder, Jeffrey and et al.}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={813–821} }