@article{ghezehei_saloni_2023, title={Assessment of Feedstock Quality of Poplars (<i>Populus</i> L.) Using Selected Pellet-Quality Parameters}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1939-1242"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-023-10711-6}, DOI={10.1007/s12155-023-10711-6}, journal={BIOENERGY RESEARCH}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon B. and Saloni, Daniel}, year={2023}, month={Dec} }
 @article{ghezehei_ewald_hazel_zalesny_nichols_2021, title={Productivity and Profitability of Poplars on Fertile and Marginal Sandy Soils under Different Density and Fertilization Treatments}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1999-4907"]}, url={https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/7/869}, DOI={10.3390/f12070869}, abstractNote={We evaluated the productivity and profitability of four highly productive poplars including Populus deltoides × P. deltoides (DD ‘140’ and ‘356’), P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii (DM ‘230’), and P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides (TD ‘185’) under two densities (2500 and 5000 trees ha−1), and three fertilization treatments (0, 113, 225 kg nitrogen ha−1) at three sandy coastal sites varying in soil quality. Green stem biomass (GSB) was estimated from the sixth-year stem diameter. Leaf-rust (Melampsora castagne) and beetle damage (by Chrysomela scripta Fabricius), the leaf area index (LAI) and foliar nitrogen, were measured in year two. At all sites, DD and DM had higher survival (>93%) than TD (62–83%). DD produced greater GSB (92.5–219.1 Mg ha−1) than DM (54–60.2 Mg ha−1) and TD (16.5–48.9 Mg ha−1), and this was greater under the higher density (85.9–148.6 Mg ha−1 vs. 55.9–124.9 Mg ha−1). Fertilization significantly increased GSB on fertile soil but not marginal soils; a higher rate did not significantly enhance GSB. Leaf rust was higher for fertile soil (82%) than marginal soils (20–22%), and TD ‘185’ (51% vs. others 34%). C. scripta damage was higher for the higher density (+42%) than lower density, and TD ‘185’ (50% vs. others >38%). LAI was higher on fertile soil (1.85 m2 m−2) than marginal soils (1.35–1.64 m2 m−2), and under the lower density (1.67 m2 m−2 vs. 1.56 m2 m−2). The high GSB producer DD ‘356’ had the lowest LAI (1.39 m2 m−2 vs. 1.80 m2 m−2). Foliar nitrogen varied among genomic groups (DD ‘140’ 1.95%; TD ‘185’ 1.80%). Our plots were unprofitable at a 27 USD Mg−1 delivered price; the biggest profitability barriers were the high costs of higher density establishment and weed control. The best-case treatment combinations of DD (‘140’, ‘356’) would be cost-effective if the price increased by 50% (USD 37.54 Mg−1) or rotations were 12 years (fertile-soil) and longer (marginal soils). The requirement for cost-effectiveness of poplars includes stringent and site-specific weed control which are more important than fertilizer applications.}, number={7}, journal={FORESTS}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon B. and Ewald, Alexander L. and Hazel, Dennis W. and Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. and Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{ghezehei_wright_zalesny_nichols_hazel_2020, title={Matching site-suitable poplars to rotation length for optimized productivity}, volume={457}, ISSN={0378-1127}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117670}, DOI={10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117670}, abstractNote={Diversity of applications, productivity potential, broad suitability and genetic variations make Populus a valuable fast-growing genus. Our goal was to assess if clonal site-suitability varies with rotation-length. We examined survival, growth (height, diameter at breast height) and estimated stem and total-wood (stem and branches) biomass of 89 clones near Fountain, North Carolina (35°42′7.52″ N, 77°34′35.04″ W) in the coastal southeastern USA at four- and eight-year rotations. The unsuitability of some clones was evident at early age while other clones became less suitable with stand age. Specifically, most mortality occurred by year-four, yet 25% clones experienced 17 to 50% mortality at older ages. Clone '379' was the most site-suitable with 100% survival and 141.3 kg total-wood per tree (approximately 47.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Moreover, several clones with low survival produced high per-hectare biomass. Biomass (stem and total-wood) rankings changed between four- and eight-year rotations with only three top-ten clones in year-four ('379', '402', '449') in the top-ten of year-eight and two top-ten clones in year-eight ('379', '402') also in the top-ten of year-four. Clonal productivity differences increased by 25 to 836% with age. Clones of TD (Populus trichocarpa Torr and Gray × P. deltoids Barts Ex Marsh) and DD (P. deltoides × P. deltoides) genotypes were affected by wood infection (Septoria musiva) indicating that selection based on disease resistance should be performed at clonal level. Hence, for productivity-focused stands, site-suitable clones should be selected by productivity first, then narrowed by survival and rotation length. Changes in the most 'site-suitable' clones can be expected between longer and shorter rotations.}, journal={Forest Ecology and Management}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon B. and Wright, Jeff and Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. and Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie and Hazel, Dennis W.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={117670} }
 @article{ghezehei_nichols_maier_hazel_2019, title={Adaptability of Populus to Physiography and Growing Conditions in the Southeastern USA}, volume={10}, ISSN={1999-4907}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020118}, DOI={10.3390/f10020118}, abstractNote={Populus species have a high productivity potential as short-rotation woody crops, provided that site-suitable varieties are planted. The Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Blue Ridge Mountains make up a significant part of the eastern and southeastern USA, and an insight into poplar productivity and adaptability will be valuable for the successful implementation of large-scale poplar stands in these regions. The objectives of this study were to examine the green wood biomass (hereafter biomass), biomass allocation, and wood properties of poplars in relation to growing conditions, physiography, and topography. The biomass of 4-year-old poplars was estimated using an equation derived through destructive sampling. Biomass-based clonal rankings were compared across the various site conditions (fertility, irrigation, land marginality, soil preparation, and topography) and the three physiographic provinces. Although not all clonal differences in biomass were significant, growing conditions, physiography, and soil preparation affected the clonal rankings and the significance of the clonal differences. Biomass changes due to physiography and land conditions were more structured at the genomic-group level. A higher-altitude physiography led to greater biomass increases in Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoids (TD) clones than in P. deltoids × P. deltoids (DD) clones and vice versa. Favorable soil quality or management generally led to greater biomass of DD clones than of TD and P. deltoids × Populus maximowiczii (DM) clones. Weather-related variables were not clearly correlated with biomass, while land aspect was a significant influence on the biomass of genomic groups and clones. The site significantly affected wood density, moisture content, and carbon and nitrogen concentrations, while the clonal effects on wood composition and the clonal and site effects on biomass allocation were insignificant. Although clones showing greater biomass responses to growing conditions generally belonged to the same genomic group, clone-level selection could produce greater biomass gains than selection at the genomic-group level.}, number={2}, journal={Forests}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon and Nichols, Elizabeth and Maier, Christopher and Hazel, Dennis}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={118} }
 @article{bergmann_ghezehei_2019, title={Influence of Species, Clone, Propagation Method, and Animal Waste Application during Establishment on Growth and Productivity of 21-Year-Old Paulownia Trees}, volume={7}, ISSN={2331-625X 2331-6268}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/eer.2019.070103}, DOI={10.13189/eer.2019.070103}, abstractNote={Paulownia elongata, Paulownia fortunei, and Paulownia × 'Henan 1' were grown for 21 years to determine growth and productivity potential of Paulownia in North Carolina, USA.One site included P. elongata only and was designed to test variability among clones within the species and the influence of application of dairy cow or poultry litter during the first six years.A second site was used to examine influence of species, clone, and propagation method.Species and clone within species frequently influenced tree performance, indicating that the planting of select clones could increase yields.By using the best approximately one-third of clones rather than all clones, tree survival could increase from 74% to 98%, and individual tree productivity as estimated by stem dry mass could increase by 21%.Trees of all three species grown from seed had lower survival, and seed-propagated trees that survived had inferior growth compared to trees of the same species grown from rooted shoot cuttings or microshoots from tissue culture.Application of dairy cow waste or poultry litter during the first six years did not influence tree survival or height to live crown, but early application of either animal waste resulted in taller trees compared to the control trees.Trees established with poultry litter applications had greater stump diameter, diameter breast height, stem volume, and stem dry mass than trees in the dairy cow waste or water-only control treatments.}, number={1}, journal={Environment and Ecology Research}, publisher={Horizon Research Publishing Co., Ltd.}, author={Bergmann, Ben and Ghezehei, Solomon}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={12–18} }
 @article{zalesny_berndes_dimitriou_fritsche_miller_eisenbies_ghezehei_hazel_headlee_mola‐yudego_et al._2019, title={Positive water linkages of producing short rotation poplars and willows for bioenergy and phytotechnologies}, volume={8}, ISSN={2041-8396 2041-840X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/WENE.345}, DOI={10.1002/wene.345}, abstractNote={The production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) such as poplars and willows is a promising component of global bioenergy and phytotechnology portfolios. In addition to the provision of biomass feedstocks and pollution remediation, these trees and shrubs have been sustainably grown to conserve or utilize water in a variety of applications. Growing these woody plants for multiple uses supports many of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG6) and Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG7). As a result, focusing on ecosystem services such as freshwater and biomass has become an important aspect of deploying these production systems across variable landscapes. The current review consists of an introduction of ecosystem services and the SDGs, as well as SRWCs and their applications. The middle section of the review contains case studies highlighting the positive water linkages of producing short rotation poplars and willows for bioenergy and phytotechnologies. The review concludes with a section that combines the common themes that are consistent among the case studies to address options for integrating new bioenergy feedstock production systems into rural and urban landscapes to promote environmental, social and economic sustainability.}, number={5}, journal={Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr and Berndes, Göran and Dimitriou, Ioannis and Fritsche, Uwe and Miller, Constance and Eisenbies, Mark and Ghezehei, Solomon and Hazel, Dennis and Headlee, William L. and Mola‐Yudego, Blas and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Apr} }
 @article{ghezehei_nichols_hazel_2019, title={Productivity and cost-effectiveness of short-rotation hardwoods on various land types in the southeastern USA}, volume={22}, ISSN={1522-6514 1549-7879}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2019.1647404}, DOI={10.1080/15226514.2019.1647404}, abstractNote={Abstract Despite the growing need to produce energy crops, information on comprehensive feasibility of growing short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs) on non-contentious and less-utilized lands and lands transitioning from previous uses in the southeastern USA is limited. An assessment model (SRWC-PEAM) was developed and tested for assessing the feasibility of SRWCs on lands targeted for ecosystem-service enhancements based on land conditions, species, and stand and economic variables in the southeastern USA. Productivity and economic returns of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), and poplar (Populus) stand differed due to land types, species’ adaptability and biomass potential, and optimal land-type-based management schemes. Poplar stands had the greatest biomass and the highest returns on all land types although returns from the three species on most land types were poor using current reported regional delivered prices. Irrigating stands increased yields but returns were poorer than from non-irrigated stands due to high costs of irrigation. Longer rotations resulted in greater biomass and returns and were more crucial for irrigated stands. Significantly higher feedstock prices and productivities are requisite for SRWC viability in the southeastern USA. SRWC-PEAM is a web-based tool and can accommodate other SRWC species and assessment of environmental services associated with SRWCs.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Phytoremediation}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon B. and Nichols, Elizabeth G. and Hazel, Dennis W.}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={98–110} }
 @article{maier_burley_cook_ghezehei_hazel_nichols_2019, title={Tree Water Use, Water Use Efficiency, and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Relation to Growth Potential in Populus deltoides and Hybrids under Field Conditions}, volume={10}, ISSN={1999-4907}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110993}, DOI={10.3390/f10110993}, abstractNote={We explored the relationship between tree growth, water use, and related hydraulic traits in Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.and hybrid clones, to examine potential trade-offs between growth and water use efficiency. Nine genotypes, six P. deltoides and three hybrid clones, that represented genotypes with high (Group H), intermediate (Group I), and low (Group L) growth performance were selected for study, based on year-two standing stem biomass in a replicated field trial. In year four, tree growth, transpiration (Et), canopy stomatal conductance (Gs), whole-tree hydraulic conductance (Gp), and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) were measured. Tree sap flux was measured continuously using thermal dissipation probes. We hypothesized that Group H genotypes would have increased growth efficiency (GE), increased water use efficiency of production (WUEp, woody biomass growth/Et), lower Δ13C, and greater Gp than slower growing genotypes. Tree GE increased with relative growth rate (RGR), and mean GE in Group H was significantly greater than L, but not I. Tree WUEp ranged between 1.7 and 3.9 kg biomass m3 H2O−1, which increased with RGR. At similar levels of Et, WUEp was significantly greater in Group H (2.45 ± 0.20 kg m−3), compared to I (2.03 ± 0.18 kg m−3) or L (1.72 ± 0.23 kg m−3). Leaf and wood Δ13C scaled positively with stem biomass growth but was not correlated with WUEp. However, at a similar biomass increment, clones in Group H and I had significantly lower leaf Δ13C than Group L. Similarly, Group H clones had a significantly lower wood Δ13C than Group L, supporting our hypothesis of increased WUE in larger trees. Tree physiological and hydraulic traits partially explain differences in WUEp and Δ13C, and suggest that clone selection and management activities that increase tree biomass production will likely increase tree and stand WUE. However, more research is needed to discern the underlying hydraulic mechanisms responsible for the higher WUE exhibited by large trees and distinct clones.}, number={11}, journal={Forests}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Maier and Burley and Cook and Ghezehei and Hazel and Nichols}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={993} }
 @article{gardiner_ghezehei_headlee_richardson_soolanayakanahally_stanton_zalesny jr._2018, title={The 2018 Woody Crops International Conference, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA, 22–27 July 2018}, volume={9}, ISSN={1999-4907}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110693}, DOI={10.3390/f9110693}, abstractNote={The 2018 Woody Crops International Conference was held from 22 to 27 July 2018 throughout Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA to unite world-leading short rotation woody crop (SRWC) organizations at a forum designed to enhance information exchange while also building a platform for developing future collaboration around SRWC production systems. The meeting included pre-conference and post-conference tours in Minnesota and Wisconsin and technical sessions in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Technical sessions were framed under the topics: Genetics and Physiology, Phytotechnologies, Stakeholders, Bioproducts, Harvesting and Logistics, Biomass Production, and Ecosystem Services. This Conference Report provides a compilation of abstracts from each of the 38 oral and poster presentations delivered during the technical program. It should serve to enhance future discussions among scientists, academicians, regulators, and the general public relative to sustainable application of SRWC technologies for a multitude of current objectives.}, number={11}, journal={Forests}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Gardiner, Emile and Ghezehei, Solomon and Headlee, William and Richardson, Jim and Soolanayakanahally, Raju and Stanton, Brian and Zalesny Jr., Ronald}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={693} }
 @article{ghezehei_nichols_hazel_2016, title={Early Clonal Survival and Growth of Poplars Grown on North Carolina Piedmont and Mountain Marginal Lands}, volume={9}, ISSN={1939-1234 1939-1242}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9707-x}, DOI={10.1007/s12155-015-9707-x}, number={2}, journal={BioEnergy Research}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon B. and Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie and Hazel, Dennis W.}, year={2016}, month={Jun}, pages={548–558} }
 @article{ghezehei_annandale_everson_2016, title={Optimizing resource distribution and crop productivity in hedgerow intercropping by manipulating tree arrangement}, volume={90}, ISSN={0167-4366 1572-9680}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-9951-x}, DOI={10.1007/s10457-016-9951-x}, abstractNote={The potential of tree arrangement in optimizing radiation and soil water distribution and crop yield of hedgerow intercropping systems was investigated using a Jatropha curcas–Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) system (Ukulinga, South Africa). Treatments (1110 t ha−1) of Jatropha-only (JO), single-row Jatropha and kikuyu (SR), and double-row Jatropha and kikuyu (DR) were used. Treatments had asymmetrical radiation distribution across tree–crop (T–C) interfaces and different radiation interception by trees (JO: 27 %, SR: 11 %, DR: 8 %). Soil water varied among treatments and was asymmetrically distributed showing no consistent trend towards trees. Evapotranspiration was higher (p < 0.05) in SR than DR (13–65 %) and JO (16–37 %) for most part of the season. Estimated fine tree roots distribution was symmetrical in DR but not JO and SR. Total roots in SR were concentrated in the top 0.2 m (91 %) and beneath tree row (30 %), and varied inconsistently with distance from trees. Grass yields increased farther from tree rows and were higher in SR (8.7 t ha−1 in 2006–2007; 4.3 t ha−1 in 2007–2008) than DR (by <9 %). Radiation use efficiency of kikuyu (0.14–0.44 g MJ−1) also increased with distance from trees but irradiance correlated with grass yields poorly (R2 < 0.32) despite high rainfall and no nutrient limitation. Considering total productivity and evapotranspiration, DR was better tree arrangement than SR. Water availability dictated T–C interactions and intercrop yield more than radiation. It was possible to optimize radiation and water distribution and intercrop growth by manipulating tree arrangement without changing density.}, number={5}, journal={Agroforestry Systems}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon B. and Annandale, John and Everson, Colin}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={861–873} }
 @article{ghezehei_everson_annandale_2015, title={Can productivity and post-pruning growth of Jatropha curcas in silvopastoral systems be regulated by manipulating tree spacing/arrangement without changing tree density?}, volume={74}, ISSN={["1873-2909"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.007}, abstractNote={The potential of tree spacing/arrangement to alleviate effects of interspecific competition of hedgerow intercropping systems on productivity and response to pruning of Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) was investigated using a Jatropha – Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu) silvopastoral system at Ukulinga (KwaZulu Natal, South Africa). Treatments were differentiated by presence/absence of kikuyu and arrangement/spacing of Jatropha trees (one, two and three tree hedgerows on either side of the alley) and had the same tree density (1110 ha−1). When high water availability and kikuyu dormancy coincided, tree growth rates did not significantly differ across treatments. Trees of the treatment without interspecific competition (tree-only) were the tallest. Even when rainfall was high, post-pruning tree height growth rate was affected by belowground (BG) interspecific competition and tree spacing/arrangement. Treatment with a single tree hedgerow between alleys had the most frequent maximum stem growth rate and was the most efficient during limited water availability. Its trees showed slow initial response to pruning due to a high tree-grass interface, followed by compensatory growth when competition for water with grass was low. Generally, length of tree-grass interfaces affected yield inversely especially as trees matured toward their maximum-yield age (4–5 years). BG competition reduced tree yield more than tree biomass, while tree spacing/arrangement did not affect tree harvest index. Manipulation of tree arrangement/spacing without changing tree density had no consistent effects on tree productivity.}, journal={BIOMASS & BIOENERGY}, author={Ghezehei, S. B. and Everson, C. S. and Annandale, J. G.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={233–243} }
 @article{ghezehei_shifflett_hazel_nichols_2015, title={SRWC bioenergy productivity and economic feasibility on marginal lands}, volume={160}, ISSN={["1095-8630"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.025}, abstractNote={Evolving bioenergy markets necessitate consideration of marginal lands for woody biomass production worldwide particularly the southeastern U.S., a prominent wood pellet exporter to Europe. Growing short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) on marginal lands minimizes concerns about using croplands for bioenergy production and reinforces sustainability of wood supply to existing and growing global biomass markets. We estimated mean annual aboveground green biomass increments (MAIs) and assessed economic feasibility of various operationally established (0.5 ha-109 ha) SRWC stands on lands used to mitigate environmental liabilities of municipal wastewater, livestock wastewater and sludge, and subsurface contamination by petroleum and pesticides. MAIs (Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) had no consistent relationship with stand density or age. Non-irrigated Populus, Plantanus occidentalis L. and Pinus taeda L. stands produced 2.4-12.4 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Older, irrigated Taxodium distchum L., Fraxinus pennsylvanica L., and coppiced P. occidentalis stands had higher MAIs (10.6-21.3 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) than irrigated Liquidambar styraciflua L. and non-coppiced, irrigated P. occidentalis (8-18 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)). Natural hardwood MAIs at 20-60 years were less than hardwood and P. taeda productivities at 5-20 years. Unlike weed control, irrigation and coppicing improved managed hardwood productivity. Rotation length affected economic outcomes although the returns were poor due to high establishment and maintenance costs, low productivities and low current stumpage values, which are expected to quickly change with development of robust global markets.}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ghezehei, Solomon B. and Shifflett, Shawn D. and Hazel, Dennis W. and Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={57–66} }
 @article{ghezehei_annandale_everson_2009, title={Shoot allometry of Jatropha curcas}, volume={71}, ISSN={["2070-2639"]}, DOI={10.2989/sf.2009.71.4.5.1032}, abstractNote={The South African government has banned planting of Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), potentially a multipurpose tree and biofuel source, owing to insufficient knowledge about the species. Use of allometry as a non-destructive method of monitoring growth and biomass attributes of Jatropha was investigated. The objectives were to examine: reliability of allometry between above-ground variables and basal diameter and crown depth of Jatropha; effects of below-ground interspecies competition and tree spacing on allometry; and validity of these relationships with independent data. The study site was Ukulinga Research Farm, South Africa. Destructive sampling was carried out in March 2008, and tree height and basal diameter were measured periodically during March 2005 to April 2007. Regression analysis and analyses of covariance were used to analyse the data. The height-diameter equation developed by destructive sampling was validated using independent data. Highly significant allometric regressions resulted from using basal diameter (r ≥ 0.89) and crown depth (r ≥ 0.94). Stem diameter had linear relationships with wood and foliage biomass percentages (r = 0.91). Height-diameter equations were equivalent across competition and tree spacing treatments. Predicted and measured tree heights were linearly related (r > 0.97). It could be concluded that above-ground allometry of Jatropha was very reliable and not significantly affected by either below-ground interspecies competition or tree spacing. The site-specific allometric equations are useful for accurate and non-destructive estimations of Jatropha growth under various growing and (non-pruning) tree management conditions. The equations presented here are, however, not universally applicable.}, number={4}, journal={SOUTHERN FORESTS-A JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Ghezehei, S. B. and Annandale, J. G. and Everson, C. S.}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={279–286} }
 @article{ghezehei_annandale_everson, title={Modelling radiation interception and water balance in agroforestry systems.}, DOI={10.1079/9781780645117.0041}, abstractNote={A model of shading and water balance in agroforestry systems is described. The model can be used to investigate the effects of tree root and canopy management on system productivity, trade-offs in productivity and enhancement of system efficiency by helping users to develop hedgerow intercropping system design and management criteria.}, journal={Tree-crop interactions: agroforestry in a changing climate}, publisher={CABI Publishing}, author={Ghezehei, S. B. and Annandale, J. G. and Everson, C. S.}, pages={41–56} }