@article{carpenter_sichitiu_2018, title={BUR-GEN: A Bursty Packet Generator for Vehicular Communication Channels}, volume={67}, ISSN={["1939-9359"]}, DOI={10.1109/TVT.2018.2866946}, abstractNote={Common vehicular channel models (VCMs) accurately predict the packet reception ratio (PRR) observed from dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) field operational tests. However, such independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) based packet generation models fail to match the bursty channel conditions that result in occasional long periods of packet losses that thwart the ability of safety applications to assist drivers in improving their situational awareness. In this paper, we propose a bursty packet generation algorithm called BUR-GEN, which we evaluate through simulation and, along with several common VCMs, compare to the PRR, inter-packet gap (IPG), and consecutive reception run length (CRRL) of the safety pilot model deployment, a large-scale DSRC-based measurement campaign. The model that incorporates the BUR-GEN packet generation algorithm improves the root-mean-square error of IPG and CRRL by factors of six and four, respectively. Additionally, we assess safety effectiveness using awareness probability. Our results show that safety reliability estimates for vehicle-to-vehicle safety applications are increased by a factor of 31 for maximum safety tolerances, as compared to an i.i.d.-based model that produces that same PRR but does not account for bursty channel behaviors.}, number={11}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY}, author={Carpenter, Scott E. and Sichitiu, Mihail L.}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={10232–10242} }
 @inproceedings{carpenter_sichitiu_2016, title={Analysis of packet loss in a large-scale DSRC field operational test}, DOI={10.1109/pemwn.2016.7842909}, abstractNote={Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) intends to improve transportation safety by using wireless technology to allow vehicles to exchange safety-awareness message between them. Using a large empirical dataset collected from a field operational test of nearly 3000 vehicles operating around Ann Arbor, Michigan, we characterize the packet-level performance of safety messages exchanged among vehicular encounters. Specifically, to better understand the real-world operating conditions of the vehicular wireless channel, the characteristics of Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) and Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) behaviors and temporal and spatial correlations are examined. Analysis of vehicle-pair encounters shows DSRC packet losses differing from other, static-node wireless beaconing networks, due mainly to the vehicles' high mobility and the possibilities of signal scatterers and/or obstructers that may come between them. As long bursts of consecutively lost packets could jeopardize vehicle safety awareness, IPG is explored further, with short-gapped consecutive losses commonly uncorrelated and longer gaps exhibiting temporal correlation tendencies. The findings of this paper can be used to inform channel models for DSRC systems, which in turn can produce meaningful simulation results.}, booktitle={5th IFIP International Conference On Performance Evaluation And Modeling In Wired And Wireless Networks Pemwn 16}, author={Carpenter, S. E. and Sichitiu, Mihail L.}, year={2016} }
 @inproceedings{carpenter_dagnino_2014, title={Is agile too fragile for space-based systems engineering?}, booktitle={2014 IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT)}, author={Carpenter, S. E. and Dagnino, A.}, year={2014}, pages={38–45} }