David Shultz

Miller, P. D., Mengell, J., Shultz, D. A., & Kirk, M. L. (2024, March 22). Metal-Ligand Exchange Coupling Alters the Open-Shell Ligand Electronic Structure in a Bis(semiquinone) Complex. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol. 3. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00380

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Marri, A. R., & Est, A. (2024, March 22). Photoinduced Magnetic Exchange-Jump Promotes Ground State Biradical Electron Spin Polarization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol. 3. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c00930

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Hewitt, P., Marri, A. R., & Est, A. (2023). Competitive reversed quartet mechanisms for photogenerated ground state electron spin polarization. CHEMICAL SCIENCE, 14(36), 9689–9695. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC03049K

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Hewitt, P., Marri, A. R., & Est, A. (2023, August 8). Competitive reversed quartet mechanisms for photogenerated ground state electron spin polarization. CHEMICAL SCIENCE, Vol. 8. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3sc03049

Shultz, D. A. A., Stephenson, R., & Kirk, M. L. L. (2023, January 18). Dinuclear ligand-to-ligand charge transfer complexes. DALTON TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT03385B

Chen, J., Yang, J., Yadav, M., Shultz, D. A. ., & Kirk, M. L. (2023, January 4). Origin of Ferromagnetic Exchange Coupling in Donor-Acceptor Biradical Analogues of Charge-Separated Excited States. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02903

Miller, P. D., Shultz, D. A., Mengell, J., Kirk, M. L., & Wojtas, L. (2023, October 9). Variation from closed-shell to open shell electronic structures in oligothiophene bis(dioxolene) complexes. CHEMICAL SCIENCE, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC02341A

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Hewitt, P., & Est, A. (2022, January 19). Excited State Exchange Control of Photoinduced Electron Spin Polarization in Electronic Ground States. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03491

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Hewitt, P., Chen, J., & Est, A. van der. (2022, July 8). Excited State Magneto-Structural Correlations Related to Photoinduced Electron Spin Polarization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol. 7. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c03490

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Marri, A. R., Hewitt, P., & van der Est, A. (2022). Single-Photon-Induced Electron Spin Polarization of Two Exchange-Coupled Stable Radicals. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 144(46), 21005–21009. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c09680

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Hewitt, P., Stasiw, D. E., Chen, J., & Est, A. (2021, September 9). Chromophore-radical excited state antiferromagnetic exchange controls the sign of photoinduced ground state spin polarization. CHEMICAL SCIENCE, Vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc02965g

Leroy, L., Francisco, T. M., Shepherd, H. J., Warren, M. R., Saunders, L. K., Shultz, D. A., … Pinheiro, C. B. (2021). Controlled Light and Temperature Induced Valence Tautomerism in a Cobalt-o-Dioxolene Complex. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 60(12), 8665–8671. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00638

Hewitt, P., Shultz, D. A., & Kirk, M. L. (2021). Magnetic Exchange Coupling through the Nonalternant Cyclopentadienyl pi-System of Ferrocene. ORGANIC LETTERS, 23(21), 8235–8239. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02982

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Chen, J., Hewitt, P., Daley, D., Paudel, S., & Der Est, A. (2021). Metal Ion Control of Photoinduced Electron Spin Polarization in Electronic Ground States. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 143(28), 10519–10523. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c04149

Hewitt, P., Shultz, D. A., & Kirk, M. L. (2021). Rules for Magnetic Exchange in Azulene-Bridged Biradicals: Quo Vadis? JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 86(21), 15577–15587. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.1c02085

Wasielewski, M. R., Forbes, M. D. E., Frank, N. L., Kowalski, K., Scholes, G. D., Yuen-Zhou, J., … Whaley, K. B. (2020). [Review of Exploiting chemistry and molecular systems for quantum information science]. NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY, 4(9), 490–504. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-020-0200-5

Hewitt, P., & Shultz, D. A. (2020). In Search of Stable, High-Spin Polymers. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE, 51(11), 1331–1341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-020-01293-z

Shultz, D. A., Kirk, M. L., Zhang, J., Stasiw, D. E., Wang, G., Yang, J., … Sommer, R. D. (2020). Spectroscopic Signatures of Resonance Inhibition Reveal Differences in Donor–Bridge and Bridge–Acceptor Couplings. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142(10), 4916–4924. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c00326

Kirk, M. L., Dangi, R., Habel-Rodriguez, D., Yang, J., Shultz, D. A., & Zhang, J. (2020). Transferrable property relationships between magnetic exchange coupling and molecular conductance. CHEMICAL SCIENCE, 11(42), 11425–11434. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04350h

Stein, B. W., Dickie, D. A., Nedungadi, S., Brook, D. J. R., Shultz, D. A., & Kirk, M. L. (2019). Long-range spin dependent delocalization promoted by the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 151(20). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128117

Tichnell, C. R., Daley, D. R., Stein, B. W., Shultz, D. A., Kirk, M. L., & Danilov, E. O. (2019). Wave Function Control of Charge-Separated Excited-State Lifetimes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(9), 3986–3992. https://doi.org/10.1021/JACS.8B13011

Stein, B. W., Tichnell, C. R., Chen, J., Shultz, D. A., & Kirk, M. L. (2018). Excited State Magnetic Exchange Interactions Enable Large Spin Polarization Effects. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 140(6), 2221–2228. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11397

Yang, J., Kersi, D. K., Richers, C. P., Giles, L. J., Dangi, R., Stein, B. W., … Kirk, M. L. (2018). Ground State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts Predict Charge-Separated Excited State Lifetimes. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 57(21), 13470–13476. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02087

Yang, N., Zhang, Y. H., & Duan, K. (2017). Effect of hydrologic alteration on the community succession of macrophytes at xiangyang site, hanjiang river, china. Scientifica.

Francisco, T. M., Gee, W. J., Shepherd, H. J., Warren, M. R., Shultz, D. A., Raithby, P. R., & Pinheiro, C. B. (2017). Hard X-ray-Induced Valence Tautomeric Interconversion in Cobalt-o-Dioxolene Complexes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 8(19), 4774–4778. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JPCLETT.7B01794

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Zhang, J., Dangi, R., Ingersol, L., Yang, J., … Wojtas, L. (2017). Heterospin biradicals provide insight into molecular conductance and rectification. Chemical Science, 8(8), 5408–5415. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SC00073A

Shultz, D. (2017, September 18). Wavefunction Control of Charge-Separated Excited State Spin Polarization and Lifetimes. Presented at the Spin Chemistry Meeting.

Steenbock, T., Shultz, D. A., Kirk, M. L., & Herrmann, C. (2016). Influence of Radical Bridges on Electron Spin Coupling. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 121(1), 216–225. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JPCA.6B07270

Ribeiro, M. A., Stasiw, D. E., Pattison, P., Raithby, P. R., Shultz, D. A., & Pinheiro, C. B. (2016). Toward Controlling the Solid State Valence Tautomeric Interconversion Character by Solvation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN, 16(4), 2385–2393. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00159

Stasiw, D. E., Zhang, J., Wang, G., Dangi, R., Stein, B. W., Shultz, D. A., … Sommer, R. D. (2015). Determining the Conformational Landscape of a and pi Coupling Using para-Phenylene and "Aviram-Ratner" Bridges. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 137(29), 9222–9225. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b04629

Shultz, D. (2015, June 26). Donor-Acceptor Biradicals in Ground and Excited States. Presented at the Telluride Science Research Center Meeting.

Shultz, D. (2015, June 14). Semiquinone-Containing Polymers. Presented at the New Magnetic and Electronic Materials, Canadian Society of Chemistry Meeting.

Shultz, D. (2015, March 16). Superexchange Contributions to Quantum Interference Effects in Donor-Acceptor Biradicals. Presented at the Spintronics Symposium, ACS Meeting, Denver, Colorado.

Tichnell, C. R., Shultz, D. A., Popescu, C. V., Sokirniy, I., & Boyle, P. D. (2015). Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Studies of an Iron(III) Catecholate-Nitronylnitroxide Spin-Crossover Complex. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 54(9), 4466–4474. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00298

Stasiw, D., & Shultz, S. (2014). Conformational Dependence of Electronic- and Exchange Coupling. Poster presented at the Donor-Acceptor Gordon Conference.

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Stasiw, D. E., Habel-Rodriguez, D., Stein, B., & Boyle, P. D. (2014). Correction to “Electronic and Exchange Coupling in a Cross-Conjugated D–B–A Biradical: Mechanistic Implications for Quantum Interference Effects.” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(10), 4090–4090. https://doi.org/10.1021/JA500972C

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Stasiw, D. E., Lewis, G. F., Wang, G., Brannen, C. L., … Boyle, P. D. (2014). Correction to “Superexchange Contributions to Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer/Transport: Exchange and Electronic Coupling in Oligo(para-Phenylene)- and Oligo(2,5-Thiophene)-Bridged Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Biradical Complexes.” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(10), 4089–4089. https://doi.org/10.1021/JA500971X

Shultz, D. (2014). Correlations of Electron Spin Exchange- and Electronic Coupling in Metal Complexes of Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Biradical Ligands. Presented at the Telluride Science Research Center Workshop: Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Chiral Structures and their Assemblies.

Yang, J., Kersi, D. K., Giles, L. J., Stein, B. W., Feng, C., Tichnell, C. R., … Kirk, M. L. (2014). Ligand Control of Donor–Acceptor Excited-State Lifetimes. Inorganic Chemistry, 53(10), 4791–4793. https://doi.org/10.1021/IC500217Y

Shultz, D. A., & Kirk, M. L. (2014). Molecular spintronics: a web themed issue. Chemical Communications, 50(56), 7401. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC90186J

Tichnell, C., & Shultz, D. (2014). Radical-Mediated Excited State Processes of Donor-Acceptor Chromophores. Poster presented at the Donor-Acceptor Gordon Conference.

Ribeiro, M., Stasiw, D., Shultz, D., Pattison, P., Raithby, P., & Pinheiro, C. (2014). Towards Controlling the Valance Tautomer Interconversion Character by Solvation. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances, 70(a1), C1252–C1252. https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087476

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Stasiw, D. E., Habel-Rodriguez, D., Stein, B., & Boyle, P. D. (2013). Electronic and Exchange Coupling in a Cross-Conjugated D–B–A Biradical: Mechanistic Implications for Quantum Interference Effects. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(39), 14713–14725. https://doi.org/10.1021/JA405354X

Pronschinske, A., Bruce, R. C., Lewis, G., Chen, Y., Calzolari, A., Buongiorno-Nardelli, M., … Dougherty, D. B. (2013). Iron(ii) spin crossover films on Au(111): scanning probe microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical Communications, 49(89), 10446. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CC44904A

Pronschinske, A., Chen, Y., Lewis, G. F., Shultz, D. A., Calzolari, A., Buongiorno Nardelli, M., & Dougherty, D. B. (2013). Modification of Molecular Spin Crossover in Ultrathin Films. Nano Letters, 13(4), 1429–1434. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl304304e

Shultz, D. (2013). Preliminary Photophysical Studies on Metal Complexes of Catecholate Nitronyl-Nitroxides: Exploring the Effects of Tunable Exchange Couplings on Charge-Separated Excited States. Presented at the International Symposium on the Photophysics and Photochemistry of Coordination Compounds.

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Stasiw, D. E., Lewis, G. F., Wang, G., Brannen, C. L., … Boyle, P. D. (2013). Superexchange Contributions to Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer/Transport: Exchange and Electronic Coupling in Oligo(para-Phenylene)- and Oligo(2,5-Thiophene)-Bridged Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Biradical Complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135(45), 17144–17154. https://doi.org/10.1021/JA4081887

Kirk, M. L., & Shultz, D. A. (2013). Transition metal complexes of donor–acceptor biradicals. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 257(1), 218–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCR.2012.07.007

Calzolari, A., Chen, Y., Lewis, G. F., Dougherty, D. B., Shultz, D., & Buongiorno Nardelli, M. (2012). Complex Materials for Molecular Spintronics Applications: Cobalt Bis(dioxolene) Valence Tautomers, from Molecules to Polymers. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 116(43), 13141–13148. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3099895

Schultz, D. (2012). Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Structure-Property Relationships in Metal Complexes of Semiquinone-Bridge-Nitronyl Nitroxide Ligands. Presented at the Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions, Gordon Research Conference, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI.

Schultz, D. (2012, September 19). Evaluating Bridge-Dependent Electronic Coupling via Exchange Couplings and Hyperfine Coupling Constants in Metal Complexes of Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Biradicals. Presented at the Contacts To and Within Molecules Workshop, University of Hamburg, Germany.

Schultz, D. (2012, September). Photoresponsive Cobalt Bis(dioxolene) Valence Tautomer Complexes and Their Utility in Novel Molecular Spintronics Devices. Presented at the North Dakota State University.

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Depperman, E. C., Habel-Rodriguez, D., & Schmidt, R. D. (2012). Spectroscopic Studies of Bridge Contributions to Electronic Coupling in a Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Biradical System. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(18), 7812–7819. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja300233a

Sloop, J. C., Shultz, D. A., Marcus, M. B., & Shepler, B. (2011). Linear free-energy relationships in semiquinone species and their Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, 25(2), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1002/poc.1878

Lee, J., Lee, E., Kim, S., Bang, G. S., Shultz, D. A., Schmidt, R. D., … Lee, H. (2011). Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals as Organic Memory Elements with Both n- and p-Type Properties. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50(19), 4414–4418. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201004899

Sloop, J. C., Shultz, D. A., Coote, T., Shepler, B., Sullivan, U., Kampf, J. W., & Boyle, P. D. (2011). Synthesis of and structure-property relationships in zinc complexes of bis-metaphenylene semiquinone biradical species. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, 25(4), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1002/poc.1917

Schmidt, R. D., Shultz, D. A., Martin, J. D., & Boyle, P. D. (2010). Goldilocks Effect in Magnetic Bistability: Remote Substituent Modulation and Lattice Control of Photoinduced Valence Tautomerism and Light-Induced Thermal Hysteresis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(17), 6261–6273. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja101957c

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Habel-Rodriguez, D., Schmidt, R. D., & Sullivan, U. (2010). Hyperfine Interaction, Spin Polarization, and Spin Delocalization as Probes of Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Interactions in Exchange-Coupled Biradicals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 114(45), 14712–14716. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp102955j

Schmidt, R. D., Shultz, D. A., & Martin, J. D. (2010). Magnetic Bistability in a Cobalt Bis(dioxolene) Complex: Long-Lived Photoinduced Valence Tautomerism. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 49(7), 3162–3168. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic901998p

Shultz, D. (2010, October 1). Spin Dependent Internal Conversion. Presented at the NC Photochem: seventh annual North Carolina Photochemistry Symposium.

Shultz, D. (2009). Electronic Structure and Metal Complexes of Donor-Acceptor Biradicals. Presented at the International Spin Chemistry Meeting.

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Schmidt, R. D., Habel-Rodriguez, D., Lee, H., & Lee, J. (2009). Ferromagnetic Nanoscale Electron Correlation Promoted by Organic Spin-Dependent Delocalization. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(51), 18304–18313. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja904648r

Schultz, D. (2009). Part I: Photochemistry without Photons: Electron Transfer Parameters from Electronic Structure Studies of Donor-Acceptor Biradicals. Presented at the Photochemistry Gordon Conference.

Schultz, D. (2008). Donor-Acceptor Biradicals: From Analogs of Photoinduced Charge-Separated Excited States to Nanoscale Electron Correlation. Presented at the Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions, Gordon Research Conference, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI.

Schultz, D. (2008). The Physical Organic Chemistry of Electron Spin Exchange Coupling. Presented at the 32nd Reaction Mechanisms Conference, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., Depperman, E. C., & Brannen, C. L. (2007). Donor−Acceptor Biradicals as Ground State Analogues of Photoinduced Charge Separated States. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129(7), 1937–1943. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja065384t

Carlson, C. N., Kuehl, C. J., Ogallo, L., Shultz, D. A., Thompson, J. D., Kirk, M. L., … Morris, D. E. (2007). Influence of Ligand Geometry in Bimetallic Ytterbocene Complexes of Bridging Bis(bipyridyl) Ligands. Organometallics, 26(17), 4234–4242. https://doi.org/10.1021/om061157o

Shultz, D. A., Sloop, J. C., Coote, T.-A., Beikmohammadi, M., Kampf, J., & Boyle, P. D. (2007). Substituent Effects on Exchange Coupling:  5-Aryl-Substituted Semiquinones and Their Complexes with MnIIand CuII. Inorganic Chemistry, 46(1), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic061807g

Shultz, D. A., Sloop, J. C., & Washington, G. (2006). Design, Synthesis, and Properties of Conformationally Fixed Semiquinone Monoradical Species. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 71(24), 9104–9113. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo061502j

Shultz, D. A., Mussari, C. P., Ramanathan, K. K., & Kampf, J. W. (2006). Electron Spin−Spin Exchange Coupling Mediated by the Porphyrin π System. Inorganic Chemistry, 45(15), 5752–5759. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic060209z

Beni, A., Dei, A., Shultz, D. A., & Sorace, L. (2006). Ligand design modulates photoinduced properties of cobalt-dioxolene valence tautomers. CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 428(4-6), 400–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.054

Bin-Salamon, S., Brewer, S. H., Depperman, E. C., Franzen, S., Kampf, J. W., Kirk, M. L., … Shultz, D. A. (2006). Testing Bridge-Mediated Differences in Dinuclear Valence Tautomeric Behavior. Inorganic Chemistry, 45(11), 4461–4467. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic060170y

Kirk, M. L., Shultz, D. A., & Depperman, E. C. (2005, November 17). Beyond the active-electron approximation: Origin of ferromagnetic exchange in donor-acceptor heterospin biradicals. POLYHEDRON, Vol. 24, pp. 2880–2884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2005.08.010

Bin-Salamon, S., Brewer, S., Franzen, S., Feldheim, D. L., Lappi, S., & Shultz, D. A. (2005). Supramolecular control of valence-tautomeric equilibrium on nanometer-scale gold clusters. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 127(15), 5328–5329. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja042520q

Shultz, D. A., Kumar, R. K., Bin-Salamon, S., & Kirk, M. L. (2005, November 17). Valence tautomerization and exchange coupling in a cobalt-nitronylnitroxide-semiquinone complex. POLYHEDRON, Vol. 24, pp. 2876–2879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2005.03.016

Schultz, D. (2004). Exchange Coupling in Paramagnetic Ligands. Presented at the 2nd Russian Conference on High-Spin Molecules.

Schultz, D. (2004). New Valence Tautomeric Molecules and Materials. Presented at the International Conference on Molecular Magnetism, Tsukuba, Japan.

Conformational Modulation of Both Exchange and Mixed-Valency in Cross-Conjugated, Open-Shell Molecules. (2003, September 22). Presented at the 8th International Symposium on Spin and Magnetic Field Effects in Chemistry and Related Phenomena, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Shultz, D. A., Fico, R. M., Jr., Lee, H., Kampf, J. W., Kirschbaum, K., Pinkerton, A. A., & Boyle, P. D. (2003). Mechanisms of Exchange Modulation in Trimethylenemethane-type Biradicals:  The Roles of Conformation and Spin Density. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125(50), 15426–15432. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja037787o

Feldheim, D. L., Marinakos, S. M., & Shultz, D. A. (2003). Nanoparticle composites and nanocapsules for guest encapsulation and methods for synthesizing same. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Schultz, D. (2003). New Valence Tautomeric Molecules and Materials. Presented at the Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlanta, GA.

Franzen, S., & Shultz, D. A. (2003). New paradigm for design of high-spin organic molecules: The mechanism of spin-dependent delocalization in exchange-coupled, mixed-valent organic species. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A, 107(21), 4292–4299. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0276000

Schultz, D. (2003, November 17). Orbital Control of Exchange Coupling in Organic Biradicals. Presented at the Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlanta, GA.

Bencini, A., Caneschi, A., Dei, A., Gatteschi, D., Sangregorio, C., Shultz, D., … Vaz, M. G. F. (2003, July). Polyoxolenes may provide a tool for designing paramagnetic molecules with predetermined spin topologies. COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE, Vol. 6, pp. 663–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0748(03)00120-6

Shultz, D. A. (2003, July 15). The donor-acceptor contributions to ferromagnetic exchange coupling in heterospin biradicals. POLYHEDRON, Vol. 22, pp. 2423–2426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(03)00217-1

Shultz, D. A., Fico, R. M., Bodnar, S. H., Kumar, R. K., Vostrikova, K. E., Kampf, J. W., & Boyle, P. D. (2003). Trends in exchange coupling for trimethylenemethane-type bis(semiquinone) biradicals and correlation of magnetic exchange with mixed valency for cross-conjugated systems. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 125(38), 11761–11771. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0367849

Shultz, D. A., Vostrikova, K. E., Bodnar, S. H., Koo, H. J., Whangbo, M. H., Kirk, M. L., … Kampf, J. W. (2003). Trends in metal-biradical exchange interaction for first-row M-II(nitronyl nitroxide-semiquinone) complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 125(6), 1607–1617. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja020715x

Caneschi, A., Dei, A., Mussari, C. P., Shultz, D. A., Sorace, L., & Vostrikova, K. E. (2002). High-spin metal complexes containing a ferromagnetically coupled tris(semiquinone) ligand. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 41(5), 1086–1092. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic0106322

Schultz, D. (2002). New Developments in Semiquinone Chemistry. Presented at the International Council on Mining and Metals, Valencia, Spain.

Shultz, D. (2002). New Valence Tautomeric Materials. Presented at the Canadian Society of Chemistry.

Shultz, D. A., Bodnar, S. H., Lee, H., Kampf, J. W., Incarvito, C. D., & Rheingold, A. L. (2002). Singlet-triplet gap in triplet ground-state biradicals is modulated by substituent effects. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 124(34), 10054–10061. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja020154+

Shultz, D. A. (2002). Structure-property relationships in new serniquinone-type ligands: Past, present, and future research efforts. COMMENTS ON INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 23(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02603590214375

Shultz, D. A. (2002). Valence Tautomerism in Dioxolene Complexes of Cobalt. In J. S. Miller & M. Drillon (Eds.), Magnetism: Molecules to Materials II: Models and Experiments (pp. 281–306). https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600590.ch8

Bodnar, S. H., Caneschi, A., Dei, A., Shultz, D. A., & Sorace, L. (2001). A bis-bidentate dioxoleneligand induces thermal hysteresis in valence tautomerism interconversion processes. Chemical Communication, (20), 2150–2151. https://doi.org/10.1039/B106192P

Bencini, A., Daul, C. A., Dei, A., Mariotti, F., Lee, H., Shultz, D. A., & Sorace, L. (2001). Charge distribution in bis-dioxolene radical metal complexes. Synthesis and DFT characterization of dinuclear Co(III) and Cr(III) complexes with a mixed-valent, S=1/2 semiquinone-catecholate ligand. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 40(7), 1582–1590. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic0007052

Caneschi, A., Dei, A., Lee, H., Shultz, D. A., & Sorace, L. (2001). Ferromagnetically coupled bis(semiquinone) ligand enforces high-spin ground states in bis-metal complexes. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 40(2), 408-+. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic000440r

Shultz, D. A., Bodnar, S. H., & Kampf, J. W. (2001). Molecular structure of and exchange coupling in a bis(semiquinone) complex. CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, (01), 93–94. https://doi.org/10.1039/b008037n

Shultz, D. A., Bodnar, S. H., Kumar, R. K., Lee, H., & Kampf, J. W. (2001). Molecular structures of carbonyl-linked bis(dioxolene) complexes: Can a carbonyl group act as an effective ferromagnetic coupler? INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 40(3), 546–549. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic000956a

Shultz, D. A., Fico, R. M., Boyle, P. D., & Kampf, J. W. (2001). Observation of a hysteretic phase transition in a crystalline dinitroxide biradical that leads to magnetic bistability. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 123(42), 10403–10404. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja011341v

Shultz, D. A., & Kumar, R. K. (2001). One-electron reduction of an antiferromagnetically coupled triradical yields a mixed-valent biradical with enhanced ferromagnetic coupling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 123(26), 6431–6432. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010630g

Depperman, E. C., Bodnar, S. H., Vostrikova, K. E., Shultz, D., & Kirk, M. L. (2001). Spin robustness of a new hybrid inorganic-organic high-spin molecule. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 123(13), 3133–3134. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja003739h

Shultz, D. A. (2001). Structure-property relationships in building blocks for open-shell molecules and materials. SYNTHETIC METALS, 122(3), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(01)00323-X

Shultz, D. A. (2001, May 30). Structure-property relationships in cross-conjugated, high-spin, dinuclear ligands: building blocks for open-shell molecules and materials. POLYHEDRON, Vol. 20, pp. 1627–1631. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(01)00664-7

Bodnar, S., & Shultz, D. (2000). Electronic and structural properties of unique semiquinone-like zinc complexes. Presented at the 220th National ACS Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

Schultz, D. (2000). New Organic Building Blocks for Open-Shell Molecules and Materials. Presented at the Central Regional ACS Meeting.

Shultz, D. (2000). New Organic Building Blocks for Open-Shell Molecules and Materials. Presented at the 220th National ACS Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

Ramanathan, K. K., & Shultz, D. (2000). Porphyrins as a building block for the assembly of organic molecular magnets. Presented at the 220th National ACS Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

Shultz, D. A., & Hollomon, M. G. (2000). Preparation and EPR spectroscopic investigation of conjugated oligomers containing semiquinone repeat units. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, 12(2), 580–585. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm9907155

Fico, R., Jr, & Shultz, D. (2000). Relationship between phenyl torsion and exchange coupling in diaryl-trimethylenemethane-type dinitroxide biradicals. Presented at the 220th National ACS Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

Mussari, C., & Shultz, D. (2000). Spin-spin coupling in semiquinone-substituted porphyrins. Presented at the 220th National ACS Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

Beikmohamadi, M., & Shultz, D. (2000). Substituent effects on spin distribution in 3-tert-butyl-5-aryl-semiquinones. Presented at the 220th National ACS Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

Shultz, D. (2000). Synthesis and Properties of Novel Semiquinone Ligands. Presented at the International Council on Mining and Metals, San Antonio, TX.

Schultz, D. (2000). Synthesis and Properties of Novel Semiquinone Ligands. Presented at the Pacifichem 2000, Symposium 128: Free Radicals, From Molecules to Materials, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Shultz, D. A., Bodnar, S. H., Vostrikova, K. E., & Kampf, J. W. (2000). Synthesis and structure of a complex having a quartet ground state with three entirely different spin carriers: Nitronyl nitroxide, o-semiquinone, and Cu-II. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 39(26), 6091–6093. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic0009122

Wu, M. L., SA O'Neill, Brousseau, L. C., McConnell, W. P., Shultz, D. A., Linderman, R. J., & Feldheim, D. L. (2000). Synthesis of nanometer-sized hollow polymer capsules from alkanethiol-coated gold particles. CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, (9), 775–776. https://doi.org/10.1039/b001019g

Shultz, D. A., Bodnar, S. H., Kumar, R. K., & Kampf, J. W. (1999). Both an oxidation/reduction sequence and deprotonation of a unique paramagnetic ligand lead to a mixed-valent complex. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 121(45), 10664–10665. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9931675

Shultz, D. A. (1999). Conformational exchange modulation in trimethylenemethane-type biradicals. In Magnetic properties of organic materials (pp. 103–126). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Shultz, D. A., Lee, H., Kumar, R. K., & Gwaltney, K. P. (1999). [Review of Cross-conjugated bis(porphryin)s: Synthesis, electrochemical behavior, mixed valency, and biradical dication formation]. JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 64(25), 9124–9136. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo991046h

Shultz, D. A., Lee, H., Gwaltney, K. P., & Sandberg, K. A. (1999). Electronic properties of bisporphyrin biradical dications. MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS, Vol. 334, pp. 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259908023342

Marinakos, S. M., Shultz, D. A., & Feldheim, D. L. (1999). Gold Nanoparticles as Templates for the Synthesis of Hollow Nanometer‐Sized Conductive Polymer Capsules. Advanced Matter, 11(1), 34–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199901)11:1<34::AID-ADMA34>3.0.CO;2-I

Shultz, D. A., & Bodnar, S. H. (1999). Paramagnetic zinc(II) complexes of a bis(catechol): Dependence of product spin state on tantomerization of the bis(catechol) ligand. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 38(3), 591–594. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic981092k

Shultz, D. A., & Sandberg, K. A. (1999). Semiempirical computational assessment of porphyrins as building blocks for molecule-based magnets: spin-spin coupling in radical-substituted metalloporphyrins. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 12(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1395(199901)12:1<10::AID-POC85>3.3.CO;2-7

Shultz, D. A., Boal, A. K., Lee, H., & Farmer, G. T. (1999). Structure-property relationships in trimethylenemethane-type biradicals. 2. Synthesis and EPR spectral characterization of dinitroxide biradicals. JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 64(12), 4386–4396. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo990061j

Shultz, D. A., Lee, H. Y., & Fico, R. M. (1999). Synthesis and characterization of a planarized, trimethylenemethane-type bis(semiquinone) biradical. TETRAHEDRON, 55(41), 12079–12086. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00714-0

Shultz, D. A., Gwaltney, K. P., & Lee, H. (1998). A Modified Procedure for Sonogashira Couplings:  Synthesis and Characterization of a Bisporphyrin, 1,1-Bis[zinc(II) 5‘-ethynyl-10‘,15‘,20‘-trimesitylporphyrinyl]methylenecyclohexane. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 63(12), 4034–4038. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo980098o

Boal, A., Farmer, G., & Shultz, D. (1998). EPR Spectral Characterization of Bis(Semiquinones. Presented at the 216th National ACS Meeting, Boston, MA.

Shultz, D. A., Boal, A. K., & Campbell, N. P. (1998). Effect of aliphatic amine bases on the aggregation of alkali metal salts of 3,5-di-tert-butylsemiquinone (3,5-DBSQ). INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 37(7), 1540–1543. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic971113v

Sagara, T., Midorikawa, T., Shultz, D. A., & Zhao, Q. (1998). Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Study of a Bis(arylgalvinol)-Substituted Alkyl Disulfide Monolayer and Mixed Monolayers on Polycrystalline Gold. Langmuir, 14(13), 3682–3690. https://doi.org/10.1021/la980136z

Shultz, D., Lee, H., & Gwaltney, K. (1998). Electronic Properties of Bisporphyrin Biradical Dications. Presented at the Molecule-Based Magnetism Conference, Siegnosse, France.

Sandberg, K. A., & Shultz, D. A. (1998). Improved method for estimating the ZFS parameter D for delocalized biradicals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 11(11), 819–824. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1395(1998110)11:11<819::AID-POC72>3.0.CO;2-W

Schultz, D., Gwaltney, K., & Lee, H. (1998). Oxidation of a Bis[Zn(II) Porphyrin] Yields a Nondisjoint Dication-Biradical Exhibiting a ∆Ms=2 Transition. Presented at the 216th National ACS Meeting, Boston, MA.

Shultz, D. A., Lee, H. Y., & Gwaltney, K. P. (1998, October 30). Oxidation of a bis[Zn(II) porphyrin] yields a nondisjoint, exchange-coupled pi dication-biradical. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo981488d

Schultz, D., Borbeau, M., & Boal, A. (1998). Structure-Property Relationships in Trimethylenemethane-type Biradicals: Bis-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-phenoxyl)methylene-adamantane vs. Bis-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-phenoxyl)methylene-norbornane. Presented at the 215th National ACS Meeting, Dallas, TX.

Boal, A., Farmer, G., & Shultz, D. (1998). Structure-Property Relationships in Trimethylenemethane-type Bis(nitroxide) Biradicals. Presented at the 216th National ACS Meeting, Boston, MA.

Schultz, D., Gwaltney, K. P., & Lee, H. J. (1998). Synthesis and Characterization of Phenylnitroxide-Substituted Zinc(II) Porphyrins. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 63(3), 769–774. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo971736q

Shultz, D. A., & Farmer, G. T. (1998). Synthesis and characterization of a nitroxide-semiquinone biradical. JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 63(18), 6254–6257. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo980562p

Shultz, D. A., Boal, A. K., & Farmer, G. T. (1998). Synthesis of bis(semiquinone)s and their electrochemical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral characterization. JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 63(25), 9462–9469. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo981597s

Shultz, D., Gwaltney, K., & Lee, H. (1998). Topology-Mediated Spin-Spin Coupling in Bis(Porphyrin) Biradical Dications. Presented at the 216th National ACS Meeting, Boston, MA.

Brousseau, L. C., Zhao, Q., Shultz, D. A., & Feldheim, D. L. (1998). pH-Gated Single-Electron Tunneling in Chemically Modified Gold Nanoclusters. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 120(30), 7645–7646. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja981262s

Anderson, K. K., Shultz, D. A., & Dougherty, D. A. (1997). Attempted Synthesis of a Stable, Quintet, Tetraphenoxyl Tetraradical:  Facile Rearrangement of a Substituted Bicyclobutane. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 62(22), 7575–7584. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo970614v

Shultz, D. (1997). Molecular Assemblies with Interesting/Useful Magnetic or Magnetooptic Properties. Presented at the NSF Reactive Intermediates Workshop.

Schultz, D. (1997). Organic Chemistry. In D. W. Wertz (Ed.), Chemistry, A Molecular Science. Patterson Jones Interactive.

Shultz, D. (1997, April). Organic Polymers as Building Blocks for Molecule-Based Magnets. Presented at the Triangle Area Polymer Group.

Shultz, D., Boal, A. K., Driscoll, D. J., Farmer, G. T., Kitchin, J. R., Miller, D. B., & Tew, G. N. (1997). Preparation of paramagnetic ligands for coordination complexes and networks with interesting magnetic properties. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 305(1997), 303. https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259708045067

Shultz, D. A., Boal, A. K., & Farmer, G. T. (1997). The biradical, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-phenoxyl)methyleneadamantane, exhibits matrix-dependent EPR spectra suggesting rotamer bistability with differential exchange coupling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 119(16), 3846–3847. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja964330o

Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., & Kriz, G. S. (1996). Introduction to Spectroscopy (2nd ed.; D. Schultz, Ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

Schultz, D., & Hollomon, M. (1996). Preparation and Characterization of Conjugated Polymers with Semiquinone Repeat Units. Presented at the 212th National ACS Meeting, Orlando, FL.

Schultz, D. A., & Gwaltney, K. P. (1996). Preparation and Characterization of a Nitroxide-Substituted Metalloporphyrin. Presented at the 212th National ACS Meeting, Orlando, FL.

Shultz, D. A., & Zhao, Q. (1996). Preparation and characterization of a bis-galvinoxyl-disulfide. Tetrahedron Letters, 37(49), 8837–8840. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(96)02067-9

Schultz, D. (1996, July 15). Preparation of Paramagnetic Ligands for Coordination-Complexes and Networks With Interesting Magnetic Properties. Presented at the Molecule-Based Magnetism Conference, Osaka, Japan.

Schultz, D. (1996, October 28). Radical-Substituted Alkanethiol Monolayers: Toward Molecule-Based Multilayer Magnetic Materials. Presented at the Hoechst-Celanese Polymer Workshop.

Shultz, D. (1996, July 18). Semiquinones as Building Blocks for Molecular Magnets. Presented at the International Conference on Molecule-Based Magnetism.

Schultz, D. (1995). Metal-Semiquinone Complexes as Building Blocks for Molecular Magnetic Materials. Presented at the National Science Foundation Materials Chemistry Workshop.

Schultz, D., & Boal, A. K. (1995). Nitroxyl-Galvinoxyl – A New Biradical. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 272(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259508055274

Shultz, D. A., Boal, A. K., Driscoll, D. J., Kitchin, J. R., & Tew, G. N. (1995). Preparation and Characterization of a Bis-Semiquinone: a Bidentate Dianion Biradical. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 60(12), 3578–3579. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00117a004

Schultz, D. (1995). Synthesis and Characterization of Trisemiquinone Ligands. 209th National ACS Meeting. Presented at the 209th National ACS Meeting, Anaheim, CA.

Schultz, D. A., Sandberg, K. A., & Boal, A. K. (1995). Synthesis of Radical-Substituted Metalloporphyrins. Presented at the 210th National ACS Meeting, Chicago, IL.

Linderman, R. J., Tennyson, S. D., & Schultz, D. A. (1994). Comparative Stability of Fluoroketone Hemi-thioacetals, -Ketals, and -Hydrates. Presented at the 208th National ACS Meeting, Washington, D.C.

Linderman, R. J., Tennyson, S. D., & Shultz, D. A. (1994). Comparative stability of fluoroketone hemi-thio acetals, ketals and hydrates. Tetrahedron Letters, 35(35), 6437–6440. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78240-2

Shultz, D. A., & Tew, G. N. (1994). Electrochemical Oxidation of a Galvinol-Substituted Alkanethiol Monolayer. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 59(21), 6159–6160. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00100a012

Fox, M., & Whitesell, J. (1994). Organic Chemistry (D. Schultz, Ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett.

Schultz, D. (1994). Recent Advances in the Synthesis of High-spin Organic Molecules. Presented at the Molecular Magnetic Materials Conference, Salt Lake City, UT.

Shultz, D. (1994). Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Multispin Organic Molecules. Presented at the South East Magnetic Resonance Conference.

Schultz, D. A., & Tew, G. N. (1994, August 1). Synthesis and Characterization of Galvinol-Substituted Alkanethiols. Presented at the 208th National ACS Meeting, Washington, DC.

Schultz, D., & Driscoll, D. J. (1994, August 1). Synthesis and Characterization of Galvinol-substituted SALEN Ligands. Presented at the 208th National ACS Meeting, Washington, D.C.

Shultz, D., & Driscoll, D. J. (1994). Synthesis and Characterization of Galvinol-substituted Salen Ligands. Presented at the NC Sectional ACS Meeting, Duke University, Durham, NC.

Schultz, D., & Boal, A. K. (1994). Synthesis and Characterization of New Galvinoxyl Radical Derivatives. Presented at the NC Sectional ACS Meeting, Duke University, Durham, NC.

Schultz, D. A., & Hollomon, M. G. (1994, August 1). Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Polymers with Paramagnetic Repeat Units. Presented at the 208th National ACS Meeting, Washington, D.C.

Schultz, D. A., & Sandberg, K. A. (1994, August 1). Synthesis and Characterization of Paramagnetic Species Generated from a Metallotetraphenylporphyrin Derivative. Presented at the 208th National ACS Meeting, Washington, DC.

Jacobs, S. J., Shultz, D. A., Jain, R., Novak, J., & Dougherty, D. A. (1993). Evaluation of potential ferromagnetic coupling units: the bis(TMM)  bis(trimethylenemethane)] approach to high-spin organic molecules. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 115(5), 1744–1753. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00058a020

Schultz, D. (1993). Macrocyclic Tetrapyrrole Assemblies as Building Blocks for Molecular Magnetic Materials. Presented at the NC Sectional ACS Meeting, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Schultz, D. (1993). Preparation of meso-Tetra(4-galvinolphenyl)porphyrin — A Building Block for Molecular Magnetic Materials. Presented at the National ACS Meeting, Chicago, Illinois.

Shultz, D. A., Knox, D. A., Morgan, L. W., Sandberg, K., & Tew, G. N. (1993). Preparation of meso-tetra(4-galvinolphenyl)porphyrin—A building block for molecular magnetic materials. Tetrahedron Letters, 34(25), 3975–3978. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60593-2

Dougherty, D. A., Grubbs, R. H., Kaisaki, D. A., Chang, W., Jacobs, S. J., Shultz, D. A., … Stewart, E. G. (1991). Approaches to Magnetic Organic Materials. In Magnetic Molecular Materials (pp. 105–120). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3254-1_6

Shultz, D. A., & Fox, M. A. (1990). Structural effects on the disproportionation equilibrium of tethered tetraphenylethylene radical anions. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 55(3), 1047–1051. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00290a043

Shultz, D. A., & Fox, M. A. (1989). Effect of phenyl ring torsional rigidity on the photophysical behavior of tetraphenylethylenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 111(16), 6311–6320. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a049

Shultz, D. A., & Fox, M. A. (1988). Spectroscopic Properties of [n.1]-metacyclophanylidenes. Tetrahedron Letters, 29(35), 4377–4379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)80499-2

Fox, M. A., & Shultz, D. (1988). Twisting in the tetraphenylethylene dianion. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 53(18), 4386–4390. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00253a036

Shultz, D. A., & Boal, A. K. Synthesis and Characterization of New Galvinoxyl Radical Derivatives. Presented at the 208th National American Chemical Society Meeting, Washington, DC.