@article{gray_hunter_stone_gookin_2010, title={Assessment of reproductive tract disease in cats at risk for Tritrichomonas foetus infection}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1943-5681"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.71.1.76}, abstractNote={Abstract
Objective—To determine whether Tritrichomonas foetus infection resides in reproductive tract tissues from cats housed for breeding and for which a high prevalence of colonic T foetus infection has been reported.
Animals—61 purebred cats in 36 catteries undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy or castration and for which reproductive tract tissues, feces, and a reproductive history were obtained.
Procedures—Reproductive tract tissues were examined for T foetus via light microscopy, immunohistochemical analysis, and PCR assay. History of reproductive tract disease was examined to detect statistical associations with identified or reported exposure to colonic T foetus infection.
Results—15 of 61 (25%) cats and 22 of 33 (67%) catteries were identified with active or reported T foetus infection. Light microscopic, immunohistochemical, or molecular evidence of T foetus infection of the reproductive tract was not detected in any cats, including 15 cats with colonic T foetus infection, 29 cats residing in a cattery in which T foetus–infected cats were identified, and 8 cats for which gross or light microscopic evidence of reproductive tract disease was identified. There were no differences in total number of litters, number of litters per breeding, kitten mortality rate, or birth defects between cats or catteries infected with T foetus and those for which T foetus infection was not identified.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No evidence of reproductive tract colonization by T foetus was detected in this study. Accordingly, it is unlikely that reproductive tract infection with T foetus plays an important role in overall disease transmission.}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Gray, Sara G. and Hunter, Stuart A. and Stone, Maria R. and Gookin, Jody L.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={76–81} }
 @article{schramme_kerekes_hunter_labens_2010, title={MR IMAGING FEATURES OF SURGICALLY INDUCED CORE LESIONS IN THE EQUINE SUPERFICIAL DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01660.x}, abstractNote={Tendon injuries are common in athletic humans and horses. Ultrasonography is the diagnostic method of choice in horses with tendon injuries but there is increasing application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to monitor and follow-up tendon healing. A core lesion was created in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of each forelimb of four horses. One of the four horses was euthanized at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after creation of the lesion. MR examinations of the SDFT were performed immediately post mortem in a 1.5 T Siemens Symphony magnet and compared with histologic findings. Measurements from the MR images were also compared to ultrasonographic measurements available from the same lesions. Tendon lesions appeared as well-circumscribed hyperintensities in the core of the SDFT on all pulse sequences. Lesions were most conspicuous on fat-suppressed fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequences and least conspicuous on T2 transverse dual turbo spin echo (T2 TSE) sequences. The signal-difference-to-noise ratio decreased with the age of the lesion in all sequences in this study. Twelve-week-old lesions were not visible on T2 TSE images but in all other sequences the lesion remained hyperintense. The lesion volume and maximum cross-sectional area of core lesions were significantly smaller in T2 TSE images than in other MR sequences. The lesion volume and maximum cross-sectional area of core lesions were significantly larger in proton density, T1, and FLASH sequences and significantly smaller in T2 sequences than when measured from ultrasonographic images. Through comparison between sequences, MR imaging may be able to provide information on various stages of tendon healing.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Schramme, Michael and Kerekes, Zoltan and Hunter, Stuart and Labens, Raphael}, year={2010}, pages={280–287} }
 @article{freire_brown_robertson_pease_hash_hunter_simpson_sumrell_lascelles_2010, title={Meniscal Mineralization in Domestic Cats}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0161-3499"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00648.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00648.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE
To (1) determine prevalence of radiographically detectable meniscal mineralization in domestic cats and (2) to evaluate the association between meniscal mineralization and degenerative joint disease (DJD).


STUDY DESIGN
Prospective study.


ANIMALS
Client-owned cats (n=100) and 30 feline cadavers.


METHODS
Randomly selected client-owned cats were used to determine the prevalence of meniscal mineralization. Stifles from feline cadavers were used to evaluate the relationship between meniscal mineralization (using high-resolution X-ray), radiographic DJD, and cartilage damage. Menisci were evaluated histologically.


RESULTS
Forty-six percent of the client-owned cats had meniscal mineralization detected in 1 or both stifles. Pain scores were not significantly different between stifles with meniscal mineralization and those with no radiographic pathology (P=.38). Thirty-four of 57 cadaver stifles had meniscal mineralization, which was always located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Percentage mineralization of the menisci was significantly correlated with the cartilage damage score of the medial femoral (r(2)=0.6; P<.0001) and tibial (r(2)=0.5; P<.0001) condyles as well as with the total joint cartilage damage (r(2)=0.36; P<.0001) score and DJD score (r(2)=0.8; P<.0001).


CONCLUSION
Meniscal mineralization is a common condition in domestic cats and seems to indicate medial compartment DJD.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Clinical significance of meniscal mineralization is uncertain. Further work is needed to determine if the meniscal mineralization is a cause, or a consequence of joint degeneration.}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Freire, Mila and Brown, James and Robertson, Ian D. and Pease, Anthony P. and Hash, Jonathan and Hunter, Stuart and Simpson, Wendy and Sumrell, Andrea Thomson and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={545–552} }
 @article{palgrave_hunter_clarke_hess_2010, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={237}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.237.8.911}, abstractNote={An 11-year-old 20-kg (44-lb) spayed female Basset Hound was submitted for necropsy following euthanasia because of a chronic, progressive disease that had been managed clinically for approximately 3 years.The dog' s antemortem clinical signs included polyuria, polydipsia, signs of musculoskeletal pain, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Clinical and Gross FindingsAntemortem serum biochemical analyses indicated that the dog had hypercalcemia (16.5 mg/dL; reference range, 8.9 to 11.4 mg/dL), hyperproteinemia (9.2 g/dL; reference range, 5.0 to 7.4 g/dL), hyperglobulinemia (6.1 g/dL; reference range, 1.6 to 3.6 g/dL), and a low albumin-to-globulin concentration ratio (0.4; reference range, 0.8 to 2.0).Hematologic findings included evidence of anemia (erythrocyte count, 3.32 X 10 6 erythrocytes/µL [reference range, 4.8 X 10 6 erythrocytes/µL to 9.3 X 10 6 erythrocytes/µL]; Hct, 23.1% [reference range, 36% to 60%]), panleukopenia (2.}, number={8}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Palgrave, Christopher J. and Hunter, Stuart A. and Clarke, Dawn M. and Hess, Paul R.}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={911–913} }
 @article{mazzei_bissett_murphy_hunter_neel_2009, title={Eosinophilic esophagitis in a dog}, volume={235}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-68349106967&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.2460/javma.235.1.61}, abstractNote={Abstract
Case Description—A 4-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog with a history of allergic skin disease was examined because of regurgitation, coughing, and dysphagia that began 15 days after abdominal surgery for correction of gastric dilatation and volvulus.
Clinical Findings—Severe diffuse esophagitis, esophageal dysmotility, and a benign esophageal stricture at the level of the base of the heart were identified via contrast videofluoroscopy and esophagoscopy. Severe diffuse eosinophilic ulcerative esophagitis was confirmed by histologic examination of esophageal biopsy specimens and cytologic evaluation of specimens obtained by use of a cytology brush. Esophageal eosinophils were evident (14% to 50% of the inflammatory cell population and > 25 eosinophils/hpf).
Treatment and Outcome—No clinical or endoscopic improvement was evident after treatment with antireflux medications, including a proton-pump inhibitor, following an initial esophageal bougienage procedure. An excellent response characterized by resolution of dysphagia and regurgitation with marked improvement of the esophageal mucosa was evident following intralesional and systemic administration of glucocorticoids, 2 additional esophageal bougienage procedures, and feeding of an elimination diet.
Clinical Relevance—To our knowledge, the information reported here is the first description of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) in a dog. Many similarities exist between the condition in the dog reported here and EE in humans. This clinical report highlights the need to consider EE as a differential diagnosis for esophagitis and esophageal strictures in dogs. When appropriate, esophageal biopsy or cytologic specimens should be obtained and examined to investigate the possibility of EE.}, number={1}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Mazzei, Michael J. and Bissett, Sally A. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Hunter, Stuart and Neel, Jennifer A.}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={61–65} }
 @article{schramme_kerekes_hunter_nagy_pease_2009, title={IMPROVED IDENTIFICATION OF THE PALMAR FIBROCARTILAGE OF THE NAVICULAR BONE WITH SALINE MAGNETIC RESONANCE BURSOGRAPHY}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01590.x}, abstractNote={Fibrocartilage degeneration is the earliest pathologic finding in navicular disease but remains difficult to detect, even with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We hypothesized that injection of the navicular bursa with saline would improve accuracy of MR imaging evaluation of palmar fibrocartilage. Thoracic limbs were collected from 11 horses within 6 h of death. Imaging was performed with a 1.5 T magnet using sagittal 2D proton density and transverse 3D FLASH sequences with fat saturation. For the purpose of determining sensitivity and specificity of the MR images, fibrocartilage was classified as normal or abnormal, based on combination of the findings of gross and microscopic pathology. Thickness of fibrocartilage was measured on histologic sections and corresponding transverse FLASH MR images before and after injection of saline. A paired Student's t‐test was used for comparison of measurements. Partial thickness fibrocartilage loss was present in 6 of 22 limbs. Sensitivity of precontrast MR images for detection of lesions was 100% while specificity was 6%. Saline MR arthrography resulted in both sensitivity and specificity of 100% based on consensus review. Mean histologic fibrocartilage thickness was 0.75±0.12 mm. Mean fibrocartilage thickness on precontrast transverse FLASH images was 0.93±0.065 and 0.73±0.09 mm on postsaline images. The histologic cartilage thickness was signficantly different from that in precontrast images (P<0.001) but not in images acquired after saline injection (P=0.716). Based on our results, and using pulse sequences as described herein, navicular fibrocartilage can only be evaluated reliably for the presence of partial thickness lesions after intrabursal injection of saline.}, number={6}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Schramme, Michael and Kerekes, Zoltan and Hunter, Stuart and Nagy, Krisztina and Pease, Anthony}, year={2009}, pages={606–614} }