@article{ghafoori_abdallah_kim_2023, title={Electricity peak shaving for commercial buildings using machine learning and vehicle to building (V2B) system}, volume={340}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121052}, DOI={10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121052}, abstractNote={Reducing electricity peak demand is essential to maintain the balance between supply and demand side in electricity power markets, as well as reduce utility costs and environmental impacts. With growth in adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs), there is an emerging opportunity to balance electrical power demand of buildings by storing electricity in EVs during low demand periods and discharging electricity into buildings during peak demand periods. Due to uncertainty in time and magnitude of peak demand, decision makers are always faced with a challenging task to identify optimal schedules for charging and discharging EVs to minimize peak electricity demand. This paper presents the development of a novel system that is capable of predicting day-ahead building electricity demand profile and identifying optimum schedule of charging and discharging EVs to minimize electricity peak demand. The system is designed to comply with planned EV trip schedules and minimum state of charge (SOC). The system consists of (1) machine Learning (ML) model to predict electrical power demand, and (2) demand management optimization model to identify optimal schedule for charging and discharging EVs. Four methods are explored to develop the ML model, including histogram-based gradient boosting, random forest, deep artificial neural network (DNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM). A case study of multi-tenant commercial building is analyzed to evaluate the performance of the system and demonstrate its new capabilities. The results of the case study shows that LSTM has the best performance in terms of mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error with average values of 7.44, 17.78, and 20.08 %, respectively. Five scenarios for shaving peak electricity demand, including combinations of two electric vehicles, a stationary battery, and a PV system are investigated. Scenarios including the stationary battery and the PV system are considered to evaluate the full potential of peak demand reduction in the case study building. The results of the demand management optimization model show up to 36 % reduction in peak demand using two EVs, one stationary battery, and PV system of 40 kW capacity. The key contributions that this study adds to existing knowledge are: (1) developing machine learning models to predict day-ahead electricity demand in 15-minute intervals, (2) integrating machine learning and optimization algorithms in identifying EV charging and discharging schedules to minimize utility cost by shaving peak energy demand, and (3) considering planned EV trips and minimum SOC requirements in identifying optimal charging and discharging of EVS to shave peak energy demand in buildings. The implementation of this system provides practical solutions for managing electricity demand in commercial buildings using EVs. By reducing energy consumption and promoting the innovative use of EVs, this system offers a sustainable approach to managing electricity demand in commercial buildings.}, journal={Applied Energy}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ghafoori, Mahdi and Abdallah, M. and Kim, Serena}, year={2023}, month={Jun}, pages={121052} }
 @article{kim_ganesan_soderman_o'rourke_2023, title={Spatial distribution of solar PV deployment: an application of the region-based convolutional neural network}, volume={12}, ISSN={["2193-1127"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00399-1}, DOI={10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00399-1}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={EPJ DATA SCIENCE}, author={Kim, Serena Y. Y. and Ganesan, Koushik and Soderman, Crystal and O'Rourke, Raven}, year={2023}, month={Jul} }
 @article{you_heikkila_weible_kim_park_yordy_smolinski_2023, title={The distribution of conflict and attention across energy infrastructure}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12842}, DOI={10.1111/padm.12842}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Public Administration}, author={You, Jongeun and Heikkila, Tanya and Weible, Christopher M. and Kim, Serena and Park, Kyudong and Yordy, Jill and Smolinski, Sharon L.}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
 @article{deslatte_kim_hawkins_stokan_2022, title={Keeping policy commitments: An organizational capability approach to local green housing equity}, volume={8}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12499}, DOI={10.1111/ropr.12499}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Review of Policy Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Deslatte, Aaron and Kim, Serena and Hawkins, Christopher V. and Stokan, Eric}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
 @article{swann_schreiber_kim_mcneely_hong_2022, title={Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Prevention, Treatment, Harm Reduction, and Recovery Services for Opioid use Disorder: National Survey of Local Health Departments}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2022.2060429}, DOI={10.1080/08897077.2022.2060429}, abstractNote={ Background: US local health departments (LHDs) have faced the COVID-19 pandemic and the opioid epidemic simultaneously. This article investigates the perceived impact of COVID-19 on the continuation of locally available services for addressing opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods: A national survey of US LHDs was conducted from November to December 2020. The survey asked key personnel in LHDs about the availability of OUD services in their jurisdiction, and how COVID-19 impacted such availability (i.e., whether terminated or continued at a reduced, the same, or an increased level after the arrival of COVID-19). Proportions for each impact category were estimated for prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and recovery services. Logistic regression tested for rural-urban and regional differences in perceived service impact. Results: An 11.4% (214 out of 1873) response rate was attained. Of the returned surveys, 187 were used in the analysis. Reported terminations were generally low, especially for treatment services. School-based prevention initiatives had the highest termination rate (17.2%, 95% CI = 11.4–25.1%). Prevention services had the highest proportions for continuing at a reduced level, except for recovery mutual help programs (53.9%, 95% CI = 45.2–62.4%). LHDs reported continuing services at an increased level at a higher frequency than terminating. Notably, 72.2% (95% CI = 62.7–80.0%) continued telehealth/telemedicine options for OUD at an increased level, and 23.8% (95% CI = 17.8–31.1%) and 10.0% (95% CI = 5.7–16.7%) reported doing the same for naloxone distribution and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), respectively. More harm reduction services were continued at the same versus at a reduced level. Service continuation differed little between rural-urban LHDs or by region. Conclusions: The impacts of COVID-19 on OUD service availability in LHD jurisdictions may depend on the specific area of opioid response while the long-term consequences of these changes remain unknown. }, journal={Substance Abuse}, author={Swann, William L. and Schreiber, Terri L. and Kim, Serena Y. and McNeely, Heidi and Hong, Jake H.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{dinardi_swann_kim_2022, title={Racial/ethnic residential segregation and the availability of opioid and substance use treatment facilities in US counties, 2009–2019}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101289}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101289}, abstractNote={Deaths due to synthetic opioids have increased at higher rates for Blacks and Hispanics than for Whites in the last decade. Meanwhile, Blacks and Hispanics experience lower opioid treatment rates and have less availability of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) via office-based buprenorphine in their counties compared to Whites. Racial/ethnic residential segregation is a recognized barrier to equal availability of MAT, but little is known about how such segregation is associated with opioid and substance use treatment availability over time and across Census regions and urban-rural lines. We combined data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services for 2009, 2014, and 2019 with the 5-year American Community Surveys of 2009, 2014, and 2019 to examine associations between residential segregation indices of dissimilarity and interaction and substance use treatment facilities per 100,000 population, including those providing MAT, in US counties. Estimating county-level two-way fixed effects models and controlling for county-level covariates, we find modest evidence of associations. Despite mostly null findings, an increased likelihood of exposure of Whites to Blacks in a county is associated with fewer substance use treatment facilities per 100,000, particularly those providing MAT via buprenorphine and located in Northeastern and Midwestern counties. Also, a more unequal distribution of Hispanics is associated with fewer facilities per 100,000 providing MAT, and this association is strongest in Southern and Western counties. These associations are driven by recent years (2014-2019) when synthetic opioids became the leading cause of opioid mortality and Blacks and Hispanics began dying at faster rates than Whites. Mixed evidence, however, tempers conclusions for how residential segregation drives racial/ethnic disparities in MAT availability.}, journal={SSM - Population Health}, author={DiNardi, Michael and Swann, William L. and Kim, Serena Y.}, year={2022}, month={Dec} }
 @article{kim_swann_weible_bolognesi_krause_park_tang_maletsky_feiock_2022, title={Updating the Institutional Collective Action Framework}, volume={5}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12392}, DOI={10.1111/psj.12392}, abstractNote={The Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework has contributed to understanding collective action problems in fragmented governance and identified mechanisms for overcoming them. Participation in collaboration is risky––even if it has the potential to make all parties better off. This framework has uniquely shown how collaboration risk and other transaction costs can be overcome to create effective collaborations for addressing complex policy issues. However, after over a decade of use, the framework is due for critical evaluation and articulation of its state of the art and science to better inform future scholarship. For this purpose, this article defines key concepts and formulates assumptions, as well as reviews the empirical contributions and longstanding limitations of the ICA framework. A robust agenda for future research is also outlined. To move forward, we believe ICA research should focus on the foundational core of the ICA framework, maintain flexibility in explanatory models, and expand the scope beyond the collective action problems at the local level.}, journal={Policy Studies Journal}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Kim, Serena Y. and Swann, William L. and Weible, Christopher M. and Bolognesi, Thomas and Krause, Rachel M. and Park, Angela Y.S. and Tang, Tian and Maletsky, Kiernan and Feiock, Richard C.}, year={2022}, month={Feb} }
 @article{kim_ganesan_dickens_panda_2021, title={Public Sentiment toward Solar Energy—Opinion Mining of Twitter Using a Transformer-Based Language Model}, volume={13}, url={https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052673}, DOI={10.3390/su13052673}, abstractNote={Public acceptance and support for renewable energy are important determinants of the low-carbon energy transition. This paper examines public sentiment toward solar energy in the United States using data from Twitter, a micro-blogging platform on which people post messages, known as tweets. We filtered tweets specific to solar energy and performed a classification task using Robustly optimized Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (RoBERTa). Our RoBERTa-based sentiment classification model, fine-tuned with 6300 manually annotated tweets specific to solar energy, attains 80.2% accuracy for ternary (positive, neutral, or negative) classification. Analyzing 266,686 tweets during the period of January to December 2020, we find public sentiment varies widely across states (Coefficient of Variation =164.66%). Within the study period, the Northeast U.S. region shows more positive sentiment toward solar energy than did the South U.S. region. Public opinion on solar energy is more positive in states with a larger share of Democratic voters in the 2020 presidential election. Public sentiment toward solar energy is more positive in states with consumer-friendly net metering policies and a more mature solar market. States that wish to gain public support for solar energy might want to consider implementing consumer-friendly net metering policies and support the growth of solar businesses.}, number={5}, journal={Sustainability}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Kim, Serena Y. and Ganesan, Koushik and Dickens, Princess and Panda, Soumya}, year={2021}, month={Mar}, pages={2673} }
 @book{survey report: willingness to use vehicle-to-everything (v2x)_2021, url={https://coloradosmart.city/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/V2X_PilotSurveyCU_2021.pdf}, journal={University of Colorado Denver}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
 @article{swann_kim_kim_schreiber_2021, title={Urban‐Rural Disparities in Opioid Use Disorder Prevention and Response Activities: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis}, volume={37}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12491}, DOI={10.1111/jrh.12491}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={The Journal of Rural Health}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Swann, William L. and Kim, Sojeong and Kim, Serena Y. and Schreiber, Terri}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={16–22} }
 @article{institutional arrangements and airport solar pv_2020, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111536}, DOI={10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111536}, abstractNote={Combining a unique dataset of 488 public airports and interviews with managers and stakeholders at four airports in the United States, this study investigates how airports’ institutional arrangements shape their solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment decisions. The findings indicate that airports operated by general-purpose governments (i.e., city, county, or state governments) are more likely to deploy solar PV than airports operated by special-purpose governments (i.e., port or airport authorities). Airports more involved in the professional associations (e.g., the American Association of Airport Executives) are also more likely to deploy solar PV, but this relationship is stronger for special-purpose airports. Additionally, airport solar PV is less likely to appear in the service area of cooperatives than in the service area of investor-owned utilities. These findings help policymakers understand how airport governance, utility ownership, and involvement in professional associations may promote or hinder renewable energy transitions at airports and other large publicly used properties.}, journal={Energy Policy}, year={2020}, month={Aug} }
 @article{swann_schreiber_wright_davis_kim_kim_osei-kojo_lamiotte_2020, title={Local Policy and Programmatic Activity to Address the US Opioid Crisis}, volume={Publish Ahead of Print}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001194}, DOI={10.1097/phh.0000000000001194}, abstractNote={
            Context:
            Despite attention to federal and state governments' response to the US opioid crisis, few studies have systematically examined local governments' role in tackling this problem.
          }, journal={Journal of Public Health Management and Practice}, publisher={Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)}, author={Swann, William L. and Schreiber, Terri L. and Wright, Steven L. and Davis, Mark W. and Kim, Sojeong and Kim, Serena Y. and Osei-Kojo, Alex and Lamiotte, Megan}, year={2020}, month={Jun} }
 @article{swann_mcmullen_graeve_kim_2019, title={Community Resistance and Discretionary Strategies in Planning Sustainable Development: The Case of Colorado Cities}, volume={4}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i4.2384}, DOI={10.17645/up.v4i4.2384}, abstractNote={How bureaucrats exercise administrative discretion is an enduring question in urban planning and democratic governance. Conflicts between urban planners’ professional recommendations and community stakeholders’ demands play out especially in the sustainable development context, where planners confront value conflicts between environmental, economic, and social goals. This article investigates the sources of community resistance to sustainable development and the discretionary strategies planners employ to persuade communities towards a more sustainable future. Utilizing a descriptive case study design, we examine four Colorado cities experiencing growth and community resistance to sustainable development practices. We find that while planners face community resistance from a multitude of sources, including developer pressures, NIMBYism and density concerns, and distrust of the planning profession, planners also work within their discretionary space using interdepartmental coordination, communication and outreach, data and evidence, rule changes, and neutral stewardship to encourage sustainable development. Implications for planning practice and future research are discussed.}, number={4}, journal={Urban Planning}, publisher={Cogitatio}, author={Swann, William L. and McMullen, Shelley and Graeve, Dan and Kim, Serena}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={98–110} }
 @article{swann_kim_2018, title={Practical prescriptions for governing fragmented governments}, volume={46}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557318x15230058720979}, DOI={10.1332/030557318x15230058720979}, abstractNote={Fragmentation of authority creates dilemmas in governance in which an individual authority’s incentives are misaligned with collective interests. Such dilemmas hinder progress towards solving complex societal problems and improving service delivery, but policy research has failed to lead to a development of actionable prescriptions for dealing with them from an institutional perspective. This article draws practical lessons and theoretical propositions from the Institutional Collection Action (ICA) literature to help policymakers and scholars better understand how semiautonomous authorities overcome barriers to collective action and reduce the risk and uncertainty of collaborative arrangements across different scales of governance and institutional contexts.}, number={2}, journal={Policy & Politics}, publisher={Bristol University Press}, author={Swann, William L and Kim, Seo Young}, year={2018}, month={Apr}, pages={273–292} }