@article{macpherson_giguere_pozor_burden_berghaus_berghaus_varner_hayna_benson_randell_et al._2021, title={Evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of firocoxib administered to mares with experimentally induced placentitis}, volume={86}, ISSN={["1600-0897"]}, DOI={10.1111/aji.13396}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY}, author={Macpherson, Margo L. and Giguere, Steeve and Pozor, Malgorzata A. and Burden, Chelsie A. and Berghaus, Londa J. and Berghaus, Roy D. and Varner, Jennifer C. and Hayna, Justin T. and Benson, Susanne M. and Randell, Sarah A. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jul} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_morgan_bembenek bailey_borst_ellis_von dollen_lyle_nebel_andrews_et al._2021, title={Plasma metabolomic profiling of healthy pregnant mares and mares with experimentally induced placentitis}, volume={53}, ISSN={["2042-3306"]}, DOI={10.1111/evj.13262}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={1}, journal={Equine Veterinary Journal}, author={Beachler, T.M. and Gracz, H.S. and Morgan, D.R. and Bembenek Bailey, S.A. and Borst, L. and Ellis, K.E. and Von Dollen, K.A. and Lyle, S.K. and Nebel, A.M. and Andrews, N.C. and et al.}, year={2021}, month={Jan}, pages={85–93} }
 @article{beachler_bailey_gracz_morgan_von dollen_ellis_gadsby_lyle_2020, title={Metabolomic Profile of Allantoic and Amniotic Fluid in Late-term Gestational Mares Characterized by H-1-nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103235}, abstractNote={The amniotic and allantoic fluid compartments in the mare serve essential roles throughout pregnancy and parturition. Although the global metabolomic profile of amniotic fluid in women has been extensively characterized, current data for equine fetal fluids are limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the global metabolomic profile of equine allantoic and amniotic fluid through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fetal fluids were collected between 270 and 295 days of gestation from 12 pregnancies through ultrasound-guided transabdominal puncture. A total of 24 samples (n = 10 allantoic fluid; n = 9 amniotic fluid; n = 5 admixed fluid) were analyzed by one-dimensional proton (1H) and two-dimensional (1H-13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolites were integrated and compared between fluid types using a Kruskal-Wallis test at P < .05 significance. A total of 28 distinct metabolites were found in allantoic and admixed fluid, whereas 23 metabolites were identified in amniotic fluid. Allantoic fluid contained significant elevations (P < .05) in the metabolites betaine, creatine, creatinine, citrate, histidine, nitrophenol, tryptophan, π-methylhistidine, and unknown metabolite #1 compared with amniotic fluid, whereas amniotic fluid contained statistically increased concentrations of the metabolite lactate compared with allantoic fluid (P = .003).}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa M. and Bailey, C. Scott and Gracz, Hanna S. and Morgan, Davic R. and Von Dollen, Karen A. and Ellis, Katey E. and Gadsby, John E. and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2020}, month={Nov} }
 @article{len_beehan_eilts_ebrahimie_lyle_2020, title={Stallion Sperm Integrity After Centrifugation to Reduce Seminal Plasma Concentration and Cool Storage for 4 days}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102819}, abstractNote={The objective of the study was to investigate if reducing the seminal plasma of stallion extended semen by centrifugation once will suffice to maintain acceptable semen quality for insemination after 4 days of cool storage. Collected semen was extended to 25 × 106 sperm/mL and subjected to one of the following treatments: noncentrifuged (control), centrifuged for 10 minutes at 900 × g and 1800 × g. The supernatant was partially removed, and the sperm pellet, reconstituted and re-extended. It was then placed in a passive cooling device overnight and then transferred to a refrigerator for the remainder of the cooling period. At day 0, 2, and 4, total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), and plasma (PLM) and acrosomal membrane integrity were assessed. Centrifuged groups had higher TM and PM at day 4 than the control group (P < .05). Likewise, centrifuged groups had higher intact PLM in day 4 (P < .05). A single centrifugation cycle to reduce seminal plasma concentration will suffice to preserve sperm integrity acceptable for an artificial insemination dose up to 4 days of cool storage.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Len, Jose and Beehan, David and Eilts, Bruce and Ebrahimie, Esmaeil and Lyle, Sara}, year={2020}, month={Feb} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_long_borst_morgan_nebel_andrews_koipillai_frable_bailey_et al._2019, title={Allantoic Metabolites, Progesterone, and Estradiol-17 beta Remain Unchanged After Infection in an Experimental Model of Equine Ascending Placentitis}, volume={73}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.014}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to characterize the metabolomic profile of equine allantoic fluid in the pregnant mare with and without experimentally induced ascending placentitis with the goal of identifying biomarkers of this disease. We compared the onset of metabolomic changes with common modalities for diagnosis of ascending placentitis, including measurement of the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP), hormonal profiling, and measurement of serum acute phase proteins. Ten pregnant pony mares were randomly divided into two groups: five healthy control mares (CONT) and five mares induced to develop ascending placentitis (PLAC) via inoculation with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus bacteria at Days 280–285 of gestation. Allantoic fluid, whole blood, and serum were collected from both groups at 270–275 days of gestation and at the following time points postinoculation: 4 hours, Days 2, 4, 6, and 10. Differences between groups in identified metabolites, progesterone, estradiol-17β, lactate, and serum amyloid A (SAA) were assessed using an analysis of variance with repeated measures. A total of 27 metabolites were identified in allantoic fluid. No differences were detected between groups at any time point (P > .05) for any identified metabolite, progesterone, estradiol-17β, or lactate concentrations. Significant elevations in CTUP (P = .003) and SAA (P = .0001) were detected by Days 4 and 6 postinoculation, respectively. The results of this study established a database of equine allantoic fluid metabolites and confirmed the utility of uteroplacental ultrasound for detection of placentitis before the onset of hematologic changes.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Beachler, Theresa and Gracz, Hanna and Long, Nathan M. and Borst, Luke and Morgan, David and Nebel, Amber and Andrews, Natalie and Koipillai, Joanna and Frable, Samantha and Bailey, Stasia Bembenek and et al.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={95–105} }
 @article{von dollen_jones_beachler_harris_papich_lyle_bailey_2019, title={Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftiofur and Penicillin With Gentamicin Against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus in an Ex Vivo Model of Equine Postpartum Uterine Disease}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.005}, abstractNote={The use of antimicrobials for the management of equine uterine disease is commonplace, with antibiotic selection generally based on empirical evidence or in vitro sensitivity results. However, the potential disconnect between these laboratory results and clinical efficacy in the mare raises concern for antibiotic failure and subsequent development of resistant organisms. In this work, we attempt to bridge this gap by using an ex vivo model of the equine postpartum uterus to quantitatively evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two commonly used antibiotic treatments in the mare (ceftiofur and penicillin with gentamicin). The activity of both of these treatments was evaluated in two different fluid environments (standard bacterial culture broth and equine postpartum uterine fluid) against clinical isolates of E. coli and S. zooepidemicus. Although treatment with ceftiofur was effective at reducing growth of S. zooepidemicus in equine postpartum uterine fluid, it did not reduce bacterial growth of E. coli. Treatment with procaine penicillin G with gentamicin achieved at least bacteriostatic activity against E. coli in both fluid types, and bactericidal activity against S. zooepidemicus in both fluid types. The intrauterine infusion of procaine penicillin G with gentamicin in cases of postpartum uterine disease caused by E. coli or S. zooepidemicus is supported by the results of this work.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Von Dollen, Karen A. and Jones, Monica and Beachler, Theresa and Harris, Tonya L. and Papich, Mark G. and Lyle, Sara K. and Bailey, C. Scott}, year={2019}, month={Aug}, pages={121–126} }
 @article{ellis_council-troche_von dollen_beachler_bailey_davis_lyle_2019, title={Pharmacokinetics of Intrarectal Altrenogest in Horses}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1542-7412"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.001}, abstractNote={Hospitalized pregnant mares being held nil per os (PO) because of medical or surgical events present a dilemma for pregnancy maintenance therapy, which commonly includes oral altrenogest. Rectal administration of medications is a recognized route for achieving systemic concentrations, but there are no data on the pharmacokinetics of rectal altrenogest administration in horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of altrenogest following PO or per rectum (PR) administration in mares. Using a randomized two-way crossover study design, six horses received altrenogest (0.088 mg/kg; PO or PR q 24 hours for 5 days), with a 7-day washout period, and the concentrations of altrenogest were determined by an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations persisted above presumed therapeutic concentrations for a mean of 36 hours (range 24-72 hours) and 5.5 hours (range 3-8 hours) for PO and PR administration, respectively. The calculated half-life (T ½) of PO administration (7.01 ± 3.13 hours) was correspondingly increased when compared to PR administration (2.82 ± 1.07 hours). Relative bioavailability of altrenogest following PR administration was only 5.47%. Altrenogest is rapidly absorbed following PR administration in the horse and reaches therapeutic concentrations, making this a viable method of treatment in NPO mares. The decreased bioavailability and shorter detection time suggest 0.088 mg/kg PR q 4-8 hours would be necessary to maintain therapeutic concentrations over a 24-hour period.}, journal={JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE}, author={Ellis, Katelyn E. and Council-Troche, R. McAlister and Von Dollen, Karen A. and Beachler, Theresa M. and Bailey, C. Scott and Davis, Jennifer L. and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={41–46} }
 @article{len_beehan_eilts_lyle_2019, title={Sperm quality during extra-gonadal sperm reserve depletion in stallions}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1439-0531"]}, DOI={10.1111/rda.13359}, abstractNote={Contents}, number={2}, journal={REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS}, author={Len, Jose A. and Beehan, David and Eilts, Bruce and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2019}, month={Feb}, pages={412–414} }
 @article{beachler_gracz_morgan_von dollen_ellis_lyle_bailey_nebel_andrews_koipillai_et al._2018, title={Alterations of the CTUP in Response to Ascending Placentitis Precede Changes in Hematologic Inflammatory Markers and Changes in Allantoic Metabolites}, volume={66}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.124}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.124}, abstractNote={This paper firstly describes the synthesis of a series of (Z)-4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-en-2-ones (3a–f) as well as 1-(1-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (3g), from the O,N-exchange reaction of some 4-methoxy-4-alkyl(aryl)-1,1,1-trifluoroalk-3-en-2-ones (1) with 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline (2), at 70–90% yields. Subsequently, in concentrated sulfuric acid, the enaminoketones 3 underwent a successful and regioselective intramolecular cyclocondensation reaction, which furnished a novel series of 2-alkyl(aryl)-7-chloro-6-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-quinolines (4) at 70–85% yields. To demonstrate synthetic applicability through the Sonogashira coupling reaction for obtaining quinolines with potential antimicrobial activity, the synthesis of a novel series of 2-alkyl(aryl)-6-fluoro-7-(phenylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-quinolines (5) was performed, using quinolines 4 and phenylacetylene, via a regioselective Sonogashira coupling reaction (25–50% yield). Unfortunately, the new series of heterocycles 4 and 5 did not produce significant results against bacteria and fungi at the concentrations of 80–0.31 μg/mL.}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Beachler, T.M. and Gracz, H.S. and Morgan, D.R. and Von Dollen, K.A. and Ellis, K.E. and Lyle, S.K. and Bailey, SA Bembenek and Nebel, A.M. and Andrews, N.C. and Koipillai, J. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={237} }
 @article{vondollen_beachler_lyle_mowa_jones_harris_bailey_2018, title={Antimicrobial Activity in Equine Postpartum Uterine Fluid}, volume={66}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.196}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.196}, abstractNote={The effect of chronic administration of gabapentin, carbamazepine or a gabapentin-carbamazepine combination on testicular function in male rats was investigated to determine the effect of combining reduced doses of anti-epileptic drugs on the management of seizures, particularly with respect to the testis sequellae of chronic anti-epileptic administration.Male rats were randomized into four groups (n = 10). Each group received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections for 28 days as follows: Group I, normal saline 0.1 mL/day; Group II, gabapentin (GBP) 16 mg/kg/day; Group III, carbamazepine (CBZ) 20 mg/kg/day; and Group IV, sub-therapeutic doses of both GBP (8 mg/kg) and CBZ (10 mg/kg)/day. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, five rats from each group were sacrificed and the remaining rats were allowed to recover for another four weeks. Sperm characteristics, serum testosterone, and histological integrity of the testis was assessed 24 h after treatment and after 28 days of drug withdrawal.GBP, CBZ, and GBP-CBZ combination significantly reduced the absolute weight of the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle (p < 0.05). Moreover, epididymal sperm count and morphology were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in GBP, CBZ, and GBP-CBZ groups. Reduction in serum levels of testosterone for all of the treated groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The cytoarchitecture of the testicular tissue in the testis of CBZ and GBP-CBZ groups showed disorganization. The altered testicular function were almost restored in GBP treated rats. CBZ and GBP-CBZ combination have delayed but reversible antifertility in the rats. Hence, chronic administration of GBP, CBZ, and GBP-CBZ combination reversibly reduced testicular function in male rats.}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={VonDollen, K.A. and Beachler, T.M. and Lyle, S.K. and Mowa, C.N. and Jones, M.J. and Harris, T.L. and Bailey, C.S.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={161} }
 @article{kern_jacob_gilbertie_vaden_lyle_2018, title={Characteristics of Dogs with Biofilm-Forming Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infections}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15231}, abstractNote={BackgroundBacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in companion animals. Increasing awareness of biofilm‐forming bacteria raises concern regarding the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of UTIs associated with these organisms.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Kern, Zachary T. and Jacob, Megan E. and Gilbertie, Jessica M. and Vaden, Shelly L. and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2018}, pages={1645–1651} }
 @article{frable_beehan_jacob_rogers_ellis_von dollen_beachler_bailey_lyle_2018, title={Gene Characterization of Biofilm-forming Escherichia coli Equine Reproductive Tract Isolates}, volume={66}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.161}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.161}, abstractNote={Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2) is implicated in genital neoplasms in horses, including equine penile papillomas, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This virus seldom regresses spontaneously and can result in the development of SCC, which may result in significant clinical damage and economic cost. However, the prevalence of this virus is unknown in clinically unaffected horses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of EcPV-2 DNA in genital swabs from healthy horses in the Republic of Korea and to investigate genetic variability within EcPV-2. A total of 797 genital swab samples obtained from Thoroughbred horses (35 stallions and 762 mares) were tested for the presence of the EcPV-2 gene E1 using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Positive results were confirmed by repeat PCR to detect the presence of E6 and amplicon sequencing. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 DNA was detected in 1% (8/762) of mare swabs but in none of stallion swabs (0/35). All EcPV-2–positive mares had been imported from the United States. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 E6 gene sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis and revealed three subdivisions related to the European strains, and three isolates were located on two separate branches. This study documents the molecular prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of EcPV-2 DNA in the Republic of Korea.}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Frable, S. and Beehan, D.P. and Jacob, M. and Rogers, A. and Ellis, K.E. and Von Dollen, K. and Beachler, T.M. and Bailey, C.S. and Lyle, S.K.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={116} }
 @article{macpherson_giguère_pozor_burden_hayna_berghaus_randell_benson_lyle_kelleman_et al._2018, title={Inflammatory Mediator Production in Fetal Fluids after Firocoxib Treatment in Mares with Experimentally-induced Placentitis}, volume={66}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.114}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2018.05.114}, abstractNote={Preterm labor and/or abortion causes considerable economic impact on the equine industry. Unfortunately, few experimental models exist for the induction of various pregnancy-related complications, and therefore extrapolations are made from the experimental model for ascending placentits, although inferences may be minimal. Certain steroid hormones (progestogens, estrogens) and fetal proteins (alpha-fetoprotein; AFP) might improve the diagnostics for abnormal pregnancy, but the utility of these markers in the field is unknown. To assess this, thoroughbred mares (n = 702) were bled weekly beginning in December 2013 until parturition/abortion. Following parturition, fetal membranes were assessed histopathologically and classified as either ascending placentitis (n = 6), focal mucoid placentitis (n = 6), idiopathic abortion (n = 6) or no disease (n = 20). Weekly serum samples were analyzed for concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17β, and AFP. Samples were analyzed retrospectively from the week of parturition/abortion in addition to the preceding four weeks. For both ascending and focal mucoid placentitis, a significant increase in progesterone and AFP was noted, alongside a significant decrease in estradiol-17β and the ratio of estradiol-17β to progesterone in comparison to controls. In contrast, idiopathic abortions experienced a decrease in progesterone concentrations alongside an increase in AFP, and this was only noted in the week preceding parturition/abortion. In conclusion, spontaneous placental infection in the horse altered both endocrine and feto-secretory markers in maternal circulation, while minimal changes were noted preceding noninfectious idiopathic abortion. Additionally, this is the first study to report an alteration in steroid hormones and AFP during the disease process of focal mucoid placentitis, the etiology of which includes Nocardioform placentitis.}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Macpherson, M.L. and Giguère, S. and Pozor, M.A. and Burden, C.A. and Hayna, J.T. and Berghaus, L. and Randell, S. and Benson, S.A. and Lyle, S.K. and Kelleman, A.A. and et al.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={227} }
 @article{beehan_wolfsdorf_elam_krekeler_paccamonti_lyle_2015, title={The Evaluation of Biofilm-Forming Potential of Escherichia coli Collected From the Equine Female Reproductive Tract}, volume={35}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.08.018}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2015.08.018}, abstractNote={Escherichia coli is one of the most common microbial pathogens of equine endometritis. Despite seemingly appropriate veterinary intervention, these infections can become chronic in some mares resulting in long-term infertility. The formation of bacterial biofilm within the uterus has become a recently theorized, yet unsubstantiated, explanation for unresponsive endometrial bacterial infections in mares. The objective of this study was to examine the biofilm-forming potential (BFP) of E. coli isolates collected from the female equine reproductive tract by using the crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. Approximately 27% of isolates (35/130) demonstrated strong BFP, with 23% (19/81) and 33% (16/49) of uterine and clitoral fossa isolates, respectively, showing strong BFP. Scanning electron microscopy showed E. coli arranged in a community of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix of polymeric substances. Our results have shown a large number of E. coli isolates display BFP. Our results strongly support the theory that biofilm formation may be an important cause of chronic endometrial infection.}, number={11-12}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Beehan, David P. and Wolfsdorf, Karen and Elam, Justine and Krekeler, Natali and Paccamonti, Dale and Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2015}, month={Nov}, pages={935–939} }
 @article{lyle_2014, title={Dr. Atwood C. Asbury}, volume={34}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2013.10.008}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2013.10.008}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lyle, Sara K.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={1} }
 @article{lyle_durand_taylor_oostelaar_beehan_paccamonti_mcdonnell_2014, title={Effect of contextually congruent stallion vocalization playback on intrauterine pressure in the mare}, volume={34}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JEVS.2013.10.090}, DOI={10.1016/J.JEVS.2013.10.090}, abstractNote={Although oxytocin can be an effective treatment for persistent mating-induced endometritis (PMIE), frequent administration is required due to the short half-life of oxytocin and exogenous oxytocin may produce tetanic spasms of the myometrium. Teasing with a stallion during estrus elicits endogenous oxytocin secretion and uterine contractions, which may result in a more optimum physiologic response. Recently, it has been shown that mares will respond to contextually congruent stallion vocalization recordings with teasing behavior. The aim of this study was to determine if contextually congruent stallion vocalization would induce uterine contractions and increased uterine pressure in the mare. We hypothesized that teasing, contextually congruent stallion vocalization (with or without stallion scent), and exogenous oxytocin would increase intrauterine pressure in estrous pony mares, but that oxytocin would cause the greatest increases in intrauterine pressure. Changes in uterine pressure were recorded using a wireless telemetry capsule inserted into the uterine lumen (SmartPill pH.p Capsule), a novel method of instrumentation for uterine pressure studies. Twentyfour hours after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, five reproductively normal pony mares were instrumented with an intrauterine telemetry pressure capsule during estrus. Baseline pressure was recorded for}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lyle, S.K. and Durand, R. and Taylor, V.P. and Oostelaar, E. and Beehan, D.P. and Paccamonti, D.P. and McDonnell, S.M.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={131} }
 @article{staempfli_clavier_thompson_burns_lyle_mckinnon_2011, title={Effect of a Single Injection of Long-acting Progesterone on the First Ovulation in Early and Late Spring Transitional Mares}, volume={31}, ISSN={0737-0806}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.016}, DOI={10.1016/j.jevs.2011.06.016}, abstractNote={Since 1966, exogenous progestins have been used in equine practice for pregnancy maintenance, estrous suppression, and control of erratic sexual behavior. This study was designed to investigate the use of a new compounded controlled-release progesterone preparation (BioRelease P4 LA 300) in early and late spring transitional mares. In the first experiment, the pharmacodynamic properties of the preparation were studied in five geldings. In the second experiment, the use of a single intramuscular injection (600 mg) was tested in 68 embryo-recipient mares maintained under natural photoperiod in the Southern Hemisphere. Experiment 1 demonstrated elevated serum concentrations of progesterone (>1 ng/mL) for 7.6 ± 2.2 days. In experiment 2, there was no effect of treatment in mares that were treated on September 18, independent of their follicular status at day of treatment (10 to 15 mm; 20 to 25 mm, respectively). When mares with a follicular size of 20 to 25 mm were treated on October 14, significantly more progestin-treated mares (10/12; 83%) ovulated between 10 and 24 days after treatment than untreated controls (3/12; 25%) (P < .05). Additionally, there was a trend in mares treated on October 14 for a shorter treatment to ovulation interval (mean ± SD, 18.6 ± 8.7 days) compared with untreated controls (mean ± SD, 26.7 ± 14.7 days) (P = .07). Administration of one single injection of long-acting progesterone is a simple and effective method of controlling the first ovulation of the season in late transitional mares.}, number={12}, journal={Journal of Equine Veterinary Science}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Staempfli, Simon A. and Clavier, Sarah and Thompson, Don L. and Burns, Patrick J. and Lyle, Sara K. and McKinnon, Angus O.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={744–748} }
 @article{eilts_len_pope_pennington_vermeulen_graham_hedlund_vasanjee_lyle_godke_2010, title={174 TRANSCERVICAL EMBRYO COLLECTION IN THE DOMESTIC BITCH}, volume={22}, ISSN={1031-3613}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/RDv22n1Ab174}, DOI={10.1071/RDv22n1Ab174}, abstractNote={
Embryo collection in the bitch is usually performed via surgical collection or uterine excision. Our objective was to collect embryos nonsurgically, or with minimal surgical invasion. Estrus was monitored using vaginal cytology and progesterone analysis during 1 natural cycle and 13 cycles induced by the submucosal insertion of a 2.1-mg deslorelin implant into the vestibulum of Walker-type hounds (n = 10, 30 kg). Bitches (n = 14 cycles) were transcervically inseminated twice in 12 cycles, (3.3 and 5.2 days post-LH) and once on 2 cycles (Day 6 post-LH) with fresh semen. Uterine flushes (n = 14) using an equine medium (ViGro, Bioniche Animal Health USA Inc., Athens, GA, USA) were done 13 to 15 days after the LH peak. Nonsurgical, nonanesthetized flushes were attempted in 9 cycles. In one cycle an 8-Fr, 55-cm Foley catheter with a 1-mL cuff (SurgiVet, Waukesha, WI, USA) stiffened with a metal stylette was inserted through the cervix using a 22-Fr sheath (63027KL, Karl Storz Veterinary Endoscopy, Goleta, CA, USA) and a 3.5-mm cystoscope, (63325BA, Karl Storz Veterinary Endoscopy) and flushed with 1.5 mL of medium infused and recovered by aspiration. In a one bitch, an 8-Fr polypropylene catheter (Sovereign, Tyco Healthcare, Mansfield, MA, USA) was transcervically passed after failing to pass an 8-Fr Foley catheter, but a flush was not done. In 5 cycles, the 22-Fr sheath could not be passed into the cranial vagina, so a 9.5-Fr, 43-cm cystoscope (27012L, Karl Storz Veterinary Endoscopy) was used to transcervically pass a 5-Fr, non-cuffed catheter (17500/0005, Minitube of America, Verona, WI, USA). Only non-cuffed catheters could be passed through the 9.5-Fr cystoscope, so no flushes were attempted. In 2 cycles, the cervix could not be visualized. Surgical flushes under anesthesia were attempted in 5 cycles. One was by transcervical catheterization using an 8-Fr catheter identical to the nonsurgical attempts, but adding surgical exteriorization of the uterine horns and retrograde flushing with 20 mL of medium. In 4 bitches the uterus was exteriorized by ventral midline laparotomy; one had a pyometra at surgery, and in three, 14-gauge i.v. catheters (Angiocath, BD, Sandy, UT, USA) were placed in the tip and body of each horn, and the uterus was retrograde flushed with 20 mL of medium. No embryos were recovered by the nonsurgical and/or transcervical flushes. Passing the 22-Fr sheathed cystoscope that accommodated a cuffed catheter into the cranial vagina, passing a cuffed catheter, or visualizing the cervix was unsuccessful in 7 of 9 cycles. Uterine distension appeared to cause discomfort during nonsurgical flushes. Three of 5 bitches that had a 5-Fr, non-cuffed catheter were subsequently pregnant. One blastocyst was recovered after surgical flushing with the i.v. catheters in the uterus. Nonsurgical embryo recovery in the bitch was most likely unsuccessful, compared to ours and previous work, due to inabilities to pass a cystoscope into the cranial vagina, to pass a catheter through the cervix, to visualize the cervix, or to create uterine distension using a small volume of medium. Pregnancies were maintained after successful transcervical catheterization of mated bitches.
}, number={1}, journal={Reproduction, Fertility and Development}, publisher={CSIRO Publishing}, author={Eilts, B. E. and Len, J. A. and Pope, C. E. and Pennington, P. M. and Vermeulen, M. A. E. and Graham, M. M. and Hedlund, C. S. and Vasanjee, S. C. and Lyle, S. K. and Godke, R. A.}, year={2010}, pages={245} }