@article{krider_ihara_hope_noether_parker_desmarais_2024, title={A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Program for Promoting Trauma-Informed Responses among Criminal Legal System Professionals}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2024.2311409}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2024.2311409}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, author={Krider, Ashley E. and Ihara, Erika and Hope, Elan C. and Noether, Chanson D. and Parker, Travis W. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2024}, month={Feb} }
@article{zottola_crozier_ariturk_desmarais_2023, title={Court date reminders reduce court nonappearance: A meta‐analysis}, url={https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12610}, DOI={10.1111/1745-9133.12610}, abstractNote={Abstract Research summary We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that examined whether providing people with a postcard, phone call, or text message reminder of their court date reduces their likelihood of failing to appear in court. We included 12 studies ( N = 79,255) that compared court appearance rates between groups of people who received a reminder to groups who did not receive a reminder. Results showed that reminders significantly reduce the odds of failure to appear in court. Further, charge type moderated reminder effectiveness; court reminders had a slightly larger effect in studies that did not include people with felony charges. However, the difference in effect size as a function of charge type was small and reminders significantly reduced the odds of failure to appear in both studies that did and did not include people with felony charges. In contrast, there was no evidence that retaining people who could not be contacted in a reminder treatment group (versus excluding them from the study or intentionally assigning them to the nonreminded control group) moderated reminder effectiveness. Finally, a narrative synthesis of studies revealed that studies using more rigorous designs generally produced smaller effects compared to studies with less rigorous designs and that effects did not differ systematically as a function of reminder formats (e.g., postcard, phone call) or frequencies (e.g., one reminder or multiple). Policy implications Court date reminders effectively reduce failures to appear across studies, so they are an inexpensive tool for jurisdictions seeking to implement pretrial reform efforts. However, reminders offer only a modest reduction in failures to appear because they only address failures to appear that result from missing or forgetting information. Thus, reminders are not a panacea to court nonappearance. Jurisdictions should consider other programs and interventions as well. Courts could address low‐barrier nonappearances with reminders and then efficiently focus more involved resources to help more people get to court.}, journal={Criminology & Public Policy}, author={Zottola, Samantha A. and Crozier, William E. and Ariturk, Deniz and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2023}, month={Feb} }
@article{mckinsey_desmarais_2023, title={Impact of Growth Mindset-Enhanced Trauma Education on Criminal Legal Professionals’ Attitudes and Perceptions}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548221143529}, DOI={10.1177/00938548221143529}, abstractNote={Addressing mass incarceration in the United States will require criminal legal professionals to shift away from carceral punishment and toward alternative approaches to justice. Education on the physiological, social, and behavioral impacts of traumatic events (i.e., trauma education), especially when enhanced with messaging about the malleability of behavior (i.e., growth mindset intervention), may help promote this shift. We assessed the impact of trauma education alone and enhanced with a growth mindset intervention on 344 U.S.-based criminal legal professionals’ attitudes about the criminal legal system and perceptions of trauma-informed judicial practice, and assessed whether profession type moderated intervention impact. Compared with trauma education alone, mindset-enhanced trauma education led to increased perceived appropriateness of considering trauma in judicial decision-making (main effect) and greater support of alternative sentencing for nonviolent crimes among lawyers and judges (moderation effect). Although effects were small, findings support the enhancement of trauma education with growth mindset interventions.}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, author={Mckinsey, Eva and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2023}, month={Apr} }
@article{zottola_desmarais_stewart_clarke_monahan_2023, title={Pretrial Risk Assessment, Release Recommendations, and Racial Bias}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548231174908}, DOI={10.1177/00938548231174908}, abstractNote={We examined how the presentation of risk assessment results and the race of the person charged affected pretrial court actors’ recommendations to release a person with or without conditions. A sample of 246 pretrial court actors read vignettes that varied risk framing (success, failure), risk format (probability, frequency), risk level (low, high), and race of the person charged (Black, White). Pretrial release recommendations did not differ as a function of framing or format overall or by race. Pretrial court actors were more likely to recommend release with conditions compared with release without conditions in the high- versus low-risk groups when the person was White but not when the person was Black. Findings fail to support changes to the presentation of pretrial risk assessment results as strategies to enhance their impact on release recommendations and underscore the need for efforts to ensure equitable application of risk assessment results for people of color.}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, author={Zottola, Samantha A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Stewart, D. Kamiya and Clarke, Sarah E. Duhart and Monahan, John}, year={2023}, month={Sep} }
@inbook{zottola_morrissey_desmarais_hope_callahan_massey_fortuna_dorn_2023, title={Understanding and Preventing Frequent Jail Contact}, url={https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003374893-27}, DOI={10.4324/9781003374893-27}, author={Zottola, Samantha A. and Morrissey, Brandon and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hope, Elan C. and Callahan, Lisa and Massey, Isolynn A. and Fortuna, Anthony J. and Dorn, Richard A. Van}, year={2023}, month={Aug} }
@article{zottola_desmarais_2022, title={Comparing the relationships between money bail, pretrial risk scores, and pretrial outcomes.}, url={https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000487}, DOI={10.1037/lhb0000487}, abstractNote={There has been much discussion around the use of both money bail and pretrial risk assessment instruments. We examine how bail and risk scores compare in terms of their associations with failure to appear in court and rearrest during the pretrial period.Our research questions included whether bail and risk scores differed between people who did and did not experience pretrial outcomes and whether pretrial scores were associated with outcomes when controlling for bail and other relevant covariates.To examine these associations, we drew a sample of 492 people (33% women; 60% Black) booked into county jail in a jurisdiction not yet using a pretrial risk assessment instrument to inform release decisions. We completed the Public Safety Assessment (PSA) for this sample and collected data on failure-to-appear and rearrest incidents for 1 year following initial bookings. We examined the associations between bail amount, failure to appear, and rearrest and between PSA subscale scores, failure to appear, and rearrest.Bail amount was not associated with either failure to appear or rearrest. People who failed to appear or were rearrested had higher bail amounts, on average, than people who did not. In contrast, PSA subscale scores were significantly associated with outcomes in the expected direction.Our findings do not support the use of money bail for ensuring that people return to court and avoid rearrest. Instead, our findings suggest that using pretrial risk assessment, instruments could result in more accurate and appropriate release decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).}, journal={Law and Human Behavior}, author={Zottola, Samantha A. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2022}, month={Aug} }
@article{zottola_desmarais_lowder_clarke_2022, title={Evaluating Fairness of Algorithmic Risk Assessment Instruments: The Problem With Forcing Dichotomies}, volume={49}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548211040544}, DOI={10.1177/00938548211040544}, abstractNote={Researchers and stakeholders have developed many definitions to evaluate whether algorithmic pretrial risk assessment instruments are fair in terms of their error and accuracy. Error and accuracy are often operationalized using three sets of indicators: false-positive and false-negative percentages, false-positive and false-negative rates, and positive and negative predictive value. To calculate these indicators, a threshold must be set, and continuous risk scores must be dichotomized. We provide a data-driven examination of these three sets of indicators using data from three studies on the most widely used algorithmic pretrial risk assessment instruments: the Public Safety Assessment, the Virginia Pretrial Risk Assessment Instrument, and the Federal Pretrial Risk Assessment. Overall, our findings highlight how conclusions regarding fairness are affected by the limitations of these indicators. Future work should move toward examining whether there are biases in how the risk assessment scores are used to inform decision-making.}, number={3}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Zottola, Samantha A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Lowder, Evan M. and Clarke, Sarah E. Duhart}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={389–410} }
@article{mckinsey_desmarais_burnette_garrett_2022, title={Impact of trauma education and growth mindset messaging on public attitudes about the criminal legal system}, volume={4}, ISSN={["1572-8315"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85127658442&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1007/s11292-022-09506-0}, journal={JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY}, author={McKinsey, Eva and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Burnette, Jeni L. and Garrett, Brandon L.}, year={2022}, month={Apr} }
@article{dubljevic_cacace_desmarais_2022, title={Surveying Ethics: a Measurement Model of Preference for Precepts Implied in Moral Theories (PPIMT)}, volume={13}, ISSN={["1878-5166"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-021-00530-z}, DOI={10.1007/s13164-021-00530-z}, number={1}, journal={REVIEW OF PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY}, author={Dubljevic, Veljko and Cacace, Sam and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2022}, month={Mar}, pages={197–214} }
@article{desmarais_monahan_austin_2022, title={The Empirical Case for Pretrial Risk Assessment Instruments}, volume={49}, url={https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548211041651}, DOI={10.1177/00938548211041651}, abstractNote={Pretrial risk assessment instruments are used in many jurisdictions to inform decisions regarding pretrial release and conditions. Many are concerned that the use of pretrial risk assessment instruments may be contributing to worsened, not improved, pretrial outcomes, including increased rates of pretrial detention and exacerbated racial disparities in pretrial decisions. These concerns have led prominent organizations to reverse their position on the role of pretrial risk assessment instruments in pretrial system change. Reforms that centered on their use have been rolled back or have failed to be implemented in the first place. However, the scientific evidence behind these concerns is lacking. Instead, the findings of rigorous research show that the results of pretrial risk assessment instruments demonstrate good accuracy in predicting new criminal activity, including violent crime, during the pretrial period, even when there are differences between groups defined by race and ethnicity. Furthermore, the scientific evidence suggests they can be an effective strategy to help achieve pretrial system change, including reducing pretrial detention for people of color and white people, alike, when their results are actually used to inform decision-making. In this article, we review the scientific evidence in relation to three primary critiques of pretrial risk assessment instruments, namely, that their results have poor accuracy and are racially biased and that their use increases pretrial detention rates. We also provide recommendations for addressing these critiques to ensure that their use supports, rather than detracts from, the goals of pretrial reform and articulates an agenda for future research.}, number={6}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Monahan, John and Austin, James}, year={2022}, month={Jun}, pages={807–816} }
@article{cacace_smith_cramer_meca_desmarais_2021, title={Military self-stigma as a mediator of the link between military identity and suicide risk}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1532-7876"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2021.1994329}, DOI={10.1080/08995605.2021.1994329}, abstractNote={US military Veterans are at greater risk for suicide than those who have never served in the US military. Recent federal calls include the need to investigate military-specific suicide risk and protective factors among military-affiliated populations. To date, no study has examined the link between military identity, self-stigma, and suicide risk. The current study used a nationally representative sample of post-Vietnam US military Veterans (N = 1,461) in order to determine relationships between military identity, self-stigma, and suicide risk. Idealism (OR = 0.86) with less odds of elevated suicide risk, whereas individualism (OR = 1.15) and military self-stigma (OR = 1.39) were associated with increased odds of elevated suicide risk. Military self-stigma was found to mediate the relationship between military identity components and suicide risk. Implications for conceptualization of military Veteran identity, suicide prevention, and future research are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Cacace, Sam and Smith, Emily J. and Cramer, Robert J. and Meca, Alan and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2021}, month={Dec} }
@article{kaniuka_desmarais_cramer_stoner_veri_wright_gemberling_nobles_holley_2021, title={Sexual violence victimization and suicide: Testing a coping-mental health framework}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1098-2337"]}, DOI={10.1002/ab.21955}, abstractNote={Abstract Sexual violence victimization is a prevalent public health concern. However, little research has investigated the factors linking sexual violence victimization to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). The current study tested the applicability of the psychological mediation framework, a coping‐mental health model, for the prevention of STBs among victims of sexual youviolence. Furthermore, the current study explored whether sexual orientation moderated the progression from sexual violence victimization to STBs. Data were drawn from an online survey of victimization experiences and health ( N = 2175). Bootstrap mediation tested whether the association of sexual violence victimization and STBs was mediated by emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and psychopathology (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder). Multiple‐groups analysis tested whether links within the mediation effects varied by sexual orientation. Bivariate findings showed that: (1) sexual minority persons were more likely to report sexual violence victimization and (2) cognitive reappraisal was more meaningfully associated with mental health among sexual minority persons. Sexual violence victimization was associated with STBs via a serial mediation through emotion regulation and psychopathology. The association between psychopathology and STBs was stronger among sexual minority compared with heterosexual respondents. Physical violence victimization was associated with STBs for heterosexual but not sexual minority persons in a follow‐up model. Findings support an emotion regulation‐mental health framework for the prevention of suicide among victims of sexual violence. Research and training implications are discussed.}, number={3}, journal={AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR}, author={Kaniuka, Andrea R. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Cramer, Robert J. and Stoner, Julie E. and Veri, Shelby and Wright, Susan and Gemberling, Tess M. and Nobles, Matt R. and Holley, Sarah R.}, year={2021}, month={May}, pages={343–353} }
@article{katon_brugh_desmarais_simons-rudolph_zottola_2020, title={A Qualitative Analysis of Drivers among Military-Affiliated and Civilian Lone Actor Terrorists Inspired by Jihadism}, volume={44}, ISSN={1057-610X 1521-0731}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1799520}, DOI={10.1080/1057610X.2020.1799520}, abstractNote={Abstract This qualitative study explored and compared factors that drive individuals with and without military experience to commit violent acts of terrorism within a sample of 10 jihadism-inspired lone actors. Findings reveal four major themes driving violent terrorist action among lone actors: Action, Grievance, Growing in Jihad, Religious Fervor. Results also provide some of the first evidence that drivers of lone actor terrorism differ between those with and without military experience. Factors related to action, certain grievances, and growth in Jihad were seen more commonly among the military-affiliated lone actors than their civilian peers. Implications for policy and prevention are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={Studies in Conflict & Terrorism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Katon, Alexa and Brugh, Christine Shahan and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph and Zottola, Samantha A.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1–18} }
@article{brugh_desmarais_simons-rudolph_2020, title={Application of the TRAP-18 Framework to U.S. and Western European Lone Actor Terrorists}, ISBN={1521-0731}, ISSN={1057-610X 1521-0731}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1758372}, DOI={10.1080/1057610X.2020.1758372}, abstractNote={The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and relevance of the Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol-18 (TRAP-18), an investigative framework to identify those at risk of lone actor terrorism. Using public information, we rated TRAP-18 items for 35 U.S. and 38 European jihadism-inspired lone actors (total N = 77). Results reveal challenges completing the TRAP-18 using public information: only four of 18 items (Pathway, Identification, Personal Grievance, Framed by Ideology) were rated present more often than absent or unknown. Findings suggest greater relevance of TRAP-18 items to U.S. lone actors, who had a higher average number of items rated present.}, journal={Studies in Conflict & Terrorism}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Brugh, Christine Shahan and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph}, year={2020}, month={May}, pages={1–26} }
@article{lowder_rade_ware_desmarais_2020, title={Barriers and facilitators to the use of the SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access, and Recovery (SOAR) model with justice-involved adults.}, volume={43}, ISSN={1559-3126 1095-158X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/prj0000403}, DOI={10.1037/prj0000403}, abstractNote={Objective The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to use of the SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access, and Recovery (SOAR) model with justice-involved adults. Method Using a modified snowball sampling strategy, we distributed an online mixed-methods survey to SOAR providers with known criminal justice collaborations. Participants were 58 providers who completed or supervised completion of SOAR applications for justice-involved adults and who represented unique agencies across 29 states. Content analysis identified conceptual categories in qualitative data. Descriptive statistics were produced for all study variables. Results Although most agencies currently completed applications for justice-involved adults (n = 50, 86.2%), few reported collaborations with justice agencies (n = 19, 32.8%). Commonly cited barriers to successful applications included gaps in care for justice-involved populations and incomplete or unavailable medical records. Facilitators included strong leadership, agency communication and relationship building, and access to medical-especially psychiatric-staff. Most participants rated the SOAR model as successful in facilitating benefits access (n = 37 of 57, 64.9%). Conclusion and implications for practice Despite obstacles to serving this high-risk population, practitioners have developed strategies to facilitate use of the SOAR model with justice-involved adults. These strategies offer promise for the implementation of SOAR in other criminal justice settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).}, number={3}, journal={Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Ware, Dazara and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2020}, month={Sep}, pages={244–252} }
@article{davoudzadeh_grimm_widaman_desmarais_tueller_rodgers_van dorn_2020, title={Estimation of Latent Variable Scores with Multiple Group Item Response Models: Implications for Integrative Data Analysis}, volume={27}, ISSN={1070-5511 1532-8007}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2020.1724113}, DOI={10.1080/10705511.2020.1724113}, abstractNote={Integrative data analysis (IDA) involves obtaining multiple datasets, scaling the data to a common metric, and jointly analyzing the data. The first step in IDA is to scale the multisample item-level data to a common metric, which is often done with multiple group item response models (MGM). With invariance constraints tested and imposed, the estimated latent variable scores from the MGM serve as an observed variable in subsequent analyses. This approach was used with empirical multiple group data and different latent variable estimates were obtained for individuals with the same response pattern from different studies. A Monte Carlo simulation study was then conducted to compare the accuracy of latent variable estimates from the MGM, a single-group item response model, and an MGM where group differences are ignored. Results suggest that these alternative approaches led to consistent and equally accurate latent variable estimates. Implications for IDA are discussed.}, number={6}, journal={Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Davoudzadeh, Pega and Grimm, Kevin J. and Widaman, Keith F. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Tueller, Stephen and Rodgers, Danielle and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={1–11} }
@article{desmarais_zottola_duhart clarke_lowder_2020, title={Predictive Validity of Pretrial Risk Assessments: A Systematic Review of the Literature}, volume={48}, ISSN={0093-8548 1552-3594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820932959}, DOI={10.1177/0093854820932959}, abstractNote={Bail reform is sweeping the nation and many jurisdictions are looking to pretrial risk assessment as one potential strategy to support these efforts. This article summarizes the findings of a systematic review of research examining the predictive validity of pretrial risk assessments. We reviewed 11 studies (13 publications) examining the predictive validity of six pretrial risk assessment instruments reported in the gray and peer-reviewed literature as of December, 2018. Findings typically show good to excellent predictive validity. Differences in predictive validity for men and women were mixed and small. When it could be examined, predictive validity was generally comparable across racial/ethnic subgroups; however, three comparisons revealed notably lower, albeit still fair to good, predictive validity for defendants of color than White defendants. Findings suggest that pretrial risk assessments predict pretrial outcomes with acceptable accuracy, but also emphasize the need for continued investigation of predictive validity across gender and racial/ethnic subgroups.}, number={4}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Zottola, Samantha A. and Duhart Clarke, Sarah E. and Lowder, Evan M.}, year={2020}, month={Jun}, pages={009385482093295} }
@article{evans_widman_javidi_adams_cacace_prinstein_desmarais_2020, title={Preliminary Evaluation of a Prescription Opioid Misuse Prevention Program Among Rural Middle School Students}, volume={45}, ISSN={0094-5145 1573-3610}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00899-5}, DOI={10.1007/s10900-020-00899-5}, abstractNote={Adolescent opioid misuse, addiction, and overdose have emerged as national health crises. Nearly 17% of high school students have misused prescription opioids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reach and acceptability of a widely-used prescription opioid misuse prevention program, This Is (Not) About Drugs© (TINAD), and its preliminary efficacy at improving opioid misuse knowledge, opioid misuse attitudes, self-efficacy to avoid opioid misuse, and intentions to misuse opioids. Participants were 576 7th grade students (Mage = 11.8; 51% boys; 39% Hispanic, 31% White, 20% Black) from a rural county in the southeastern U.S. All participants received the TINAD program and completed pretest and immediate posttest assessments. The program was school-based and implemented in collaboration with school teachers and administrators. Over 91% of all eligible students in the school district participated in the TINAD program. Most participants found the program acceptable-over 83% of students liked the program. Approximately 9% of participants reported prior misuse of prescription opioids. After participating in TINAD, students self-reported higher knowledge and self-efficacy as well as safer attitudes. However, there was no change in intentions to misuse opioids in the future. Effects of the program were consistent across gender, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and previous opioid misuse. TINAD is acceptable and shows promise for improving opioid-related cognitions. However, more rigorous experimental and longitudinal research is needed to understand whether TINAD reduces opioid misuse over time. Given the limited research on adolescent opioid misuse prevention, this study lays the ground work for future randomized control trials.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Community Health}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Evans, Reina and Widman, Laura and Javidi, Hannah and Adams, Elizabeth Troutman and Cacace, Sam and Prinstein, Mitchell J. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2020}, month={Aug}, pages={1139–1148} }
@article{desmarais_lowder_2020, title={Principles and practices of risk assessment in mental health jail diversion programs}, volume={11}, url={https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852919001652}, DOI={10.1017/S1092852919001652}, abstractNote={Eligibility criteria for participation in mental health jail diversion programs often specify that, to be diverted, a candidate must not pose a level of threat to public safety that cannot be managed in the community. Risk assessment tools were developed to increase consistency and accuracy in estimates of threat to public safety. Consequently, risk assessment tools are being used in many jurisdictions to inform decisions regarding an individual’s appropriateness and eligibility for mental health jail diversion and the strategies that may be successful in mitigating risk in this context. However, their use is not without controversy. Questions have been raised regarding the validity and equity of their estimates, as well as the impact of their use on criminal justice outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the science and practice of risk assessment to inform decisions and case planning in the context of mental health jail diversion programs. Our specific aims include: (1) to describe the process and components of risk assessment, including differentiating between different approaches to risk assessment, and (2) to consider the use of risk assessment tools in mental health jail diversion programs. We anchor this review in relevant theory and extant research, noting current controversies or debates and areas for future research. Overall, there is strong theoretical justification and empirical evidence from other criminal justice contexts; however, the body of research on the use of risk assessment tools in mental health jail diversion programs, although promising, is relatively nascent.}, journal={CNS Spectrums}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Lowder, Evan M.}, year={2020}, month={Oct}, pages={1–11} }
@article{cartwright_desmarais_grimm_meade_van dorn_2020, title={Psychometric Properties of the MacArthur Community Violence Screening Instrument}, volume={19}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2020.1718246}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2020.1718246}, abstractNote={This study examined the psychometric properties of the MacArthur Community Violence Screening Instrument (MCVSI) in a heterogeneous and integrated sample of adults with mental illness (n = 4,480), including its factor structure, model fit, and psychometric properties as a function of patient sex, race, and primary diagnosis. Factor structure results indicate a unidimensional construct. Item-level analyses revealed that the MCVSI’s difficulty, including the easiest and most difficult items to endorse, sometimes differed across sex, race, and primary diagnosis. However, differential item functioning was minimal across these patient characteristics, with only those without a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia indicating an increased likelihood of having “hit anyone with a fist, object or beaten anyone” compared to those with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia. Overall, these findings support using the MCVSI as a measure of violence in studies of U.S. adults with mental illness. They also highlight the importance of using more methodologically rigorous approaches to measuring violence, including the ongoing study of the MCVSI across samples and settings.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Cartwright, Joel K. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Grimm, Kevin J. and Meade, Adam W. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2020}, month={Feb}, pages={253–268} }
@article{cunningham_cramer_cacace_franks_desmarais_2020, title={The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale: Psychometric properties in an outpatient sample of active duty military personnel}, volume={32}, ISSN={0899-5605 1532-7876}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2020.1730683}, DOI={10.1080/08995605.2020.1730683}, abstractNote={Active duty military service members endure a unique constellation of stressors while deployed or at home. Yet, assessment of protective factors against these stressors among active duty service members represents an under studied area. The present study advances the assessment of protective factors through the psychometric evaluation of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) in a clinical sample of military service members in mental health or substance abuse treatment (n = 200). Cross-sectional data were drawn from military medical records and a supplemental self-report questionnaire. Data extracted included demographic (e.g., sex, age), military characteristics (e.g., rank, years in service), physical health and mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression), and coping self-efficacy. Findings suggest a 3-factor (i.e., problem-focused coping, thought-stopping, and getting social support) CSES structure with acceptable internal consistency. Further, there were small-to-moderate associations with physical and mental health outcomes, providing evidence of construct validity. There were few significant associations with military-related characteristics. Finally, controlling for covariates, thought-stopping beliefs explained unique variance in suicide-related behaviors. Together, findings support the use of the CSES to measure coping-related beliefs in military service members. Recommendations are offered for future research and practice with active duty service members.}, number={3}, journal={Military Psychology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Cunningham, Craig A. and Cramer, Robert J. and Cacace, Sam and Franks, Michael and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2020}, month={Mar}, pages={261–272} }
@article{desmarais_2020, title={The Role of Risk Assessment in the Criminal Justice System: Moving Beyond a Return to the Status Quo}, volume={2}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.181cd09f}, DOI={10.1162/99608f92.181cd09f}, number={1}, journal={2.1}, publisher={MIT Press - Journals}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2020}, month={Jan} }
@article{desmarais_zottola_2020, title={Violence risk assessment: Current status and contemporary issues}, volume={103}, url={https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/mulr/vol103/iss3/6}, number={3}, journal={Marquette Law Review}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Zottola, S.A.}, year={2020}, pages={793–817} }
@book{cissner_sasson_thomforde hauser_packer_pennell_smith_desmarais_burford_2019, place={New York}, title={A national portrait of restorative approaches to intimate partner violence: Pathways to safety, accountability, healing, and well-being}, url={https://www.courtinnovation.org/publications-RJ-IPV}, institution={Office on Violence Against Women, Center for Court Innovation}, author={Cissner, A. and Sasson, E. and Thomforde Hauser, R. and Packer, H. and Pennell, J. and Smith, E.L. and Desmarais, S.L. and Burford, G.}, year={2019}, month={Oct} }
@article{kamke_widman_desmarais_2019, title={Evaluation of an Online Sexual Health Program among Adolescent Girls with Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties}, volume={29}, ISSN={1062-1024 1573-2843}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01685-1}, DOI={10.1007/s10826-019-01685-1}, abstractNote={Adolescent girls with emotional and behavioral difficulties (EBDs) have a heightened risk of negative sexual health, including HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and unplanned pregnancy. Few evidence-based sexual health interventions are available for adolescent girls with EBDs. This study tested the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a brief, online sexual health program called HEART (Health Education and Relationship Training).Forty-seven participants (M-age = 15.79; SD = 1.71; 62% Black, 23% Hispanic) recruited from community-based organizations in the southeastern U.S. were compared to a non-equivalent comparison group who received an attention-matched intervention.Findings support the feasibility of participant recruitment and program administration in community-based settings. Participants completed HEART in 44 minutes and experienced few technological difficulties. HEART was highly acceptable: most participants liked, learned from, and were engaged with the program. Further, 92% would recommend HEART to a friend and 98% would use what they learned in the future. At posttest, intervention participants had significantly higher communication intentions, communication skills, STI/HIV knowledge, sexual self-efficacy, condom attitudes, and condom norms than the comparison group (ps < .003; effect size ds = .38-1.65). Significant improvement in condom intentions was observed when comparing pretest to posttest scores among intervention participants only, t(46) = -3.21, d = 0.47.Findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of HEART among adolescent girls with EBDs in community-based settings. This study also addresses the growing need for research into the transferability of sexual health interventions to facilitate evidence-based decision-making about program dissemination and implementation.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Child and Family Studies}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kamke, Kristyn and Widman, Laura and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2019}, month={Dec}, pages={1044–1054} }
@book{desmarais_cacace_norwalk_pennell_latz_king_stokes_2019, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Family-centered practice project: annual report to the North Carolina Division of Social Services}, institution={Division of Social Services, NC Department of Health and Human Services}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Cacace, S. and Norwalk, K. and Pennell, J. and Latz, M. and King, J. and Stokes, M.}, year={2019}, month={Aug} }
@article{brugh_desmarais_simons-rudolph_zottola_2019, title={Gender in the jihad: Characteristics and outcomes among women and men involved in jihadism-inspired terrorism.}, volume={6}, ISSN={2169-4850 2169-4842}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tam0000123}, DOI={10.1037/tam0000123}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Threat Assessment and Management}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Brugh, Christine Shahan and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph and Zottola, Samantha A.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={76–92} }
@article{johnson_desmarais_tueller_van dorn_2019, title={Methodological limitations in the measurement and statistical modeling of violence among adults with mental illness}, volume={28}, ISSN={1049-8931 1557-0657}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1776}, DOI={10.1002/mpr.1776}, abstractNote={Abstract Objectives Methodological limitations of extant research hinder the development of effective violence risk screening, assessment, and management strategies for adults with mental illness. This study quantifies the effects of three common limitations: (a) insensitive measurement of violence that results in violence classification with high levels of information bias, (b) use of cross‐sectional data, and (c) use of data lacking spatiotemporal contiguity. Methods We utilize secondary data ( N = 3,000 participants; N = 10,017 observations) and parametric and nonparametric bootstrap simulation methodologies. Results Not utilizing self‐reported violence data increases information bias. Furthermore, cross‐sectional data that exclude self‐reported violence produce biased associations between substance use and psychiatric symptoms and violence. Associations between baseline variables and subsequent violence attenuate over longer time lags and, when paired with high levels of violence information bias, result in fewer significant effects than should be present. Moreover, the true direction of the simulated relationship of some significant effects is reversed. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the validity of conclusions from some extant research on violence among adults with mental illness should be questioned. Efforts are needed to improve both the measurement of violence, through inclusion of self‐report, and the statistical modeling of violence, using lagged rather than nonlagged models with improved spatiotemporal contiguity.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Johnson, Kiersten L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Tueller, Stephen J. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2019}, month={Feb} }
@article{burnette_forsyth_desmarais_hoyt_2019, title={Mindsets of Addiction: Implications for Treatment Intentions}, volume={38}, ISSN={0736-7236}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.5.367}, DOI={10.1521/jscp.2019.38.5.367}, abstractNote={Introduction: The goal of the current work is to contribute to the critical dialog regarding consequences of different communications about the nature of addiction by offering a new theoretical approach. Specifically, we merge a mindset perspective, which highlights the importance of beliefs regarding the malleability of human attributes, with the attribution literature to explore how messages stressing the changeable vs. fixed nature of addiction influence beliefs and treatment intentions. Method: We crafted a message about addiction designed to induce the belief in the potential to change without influencing self-blame (compensatory-growth mindset message) and compared it to a message focused on the fixed underpinnings of addiction (disease-fixed mindset message). Results: In an online sample of probable substance users (N = 214), we found that the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to participants reporting stronger growth mindsets and efficacy without an impact on blame. Additionally, the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to stronger intentions to pursue counseling and cognitive behavioral treatment therapies. Discussion: The current work finds support for an innovative theoretical approach for understanding motivation to seek treatment among individuals with probable substance use problems.}, number={5}, journal={Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology}, publisher={Guilford Publications}, author={Burnette, Jeni L. and Forsyth, Rachel B. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hoyt, Crystal L.}, year={2019}, month={May}, pages={367–394} }
@article{lowder_desmarais_rade_johnson_van dorn_2019, title={Reliability and Validity of START and LSI-R Assessments in Mental Health Jail Diversion Clients}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1552-3489"]}, DOI={10.1177/1073191117704505}, abstractNote={Risk assessment instruments are increasingly used in mental health jail diversion programs. This study examined the reliability and validity of Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) and Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) assessments overall and by client race. Research assistants completed START and LSI-R assessments for 95 diversion clients. Arrests and jail days were collected via official records and self-report 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after baseline. Assessments demonstrated good interrater reliability and convergent validity. START strength total scores and LSI-R risk estimates were the strongest predictors of recidivism. Total scores and risk estimates did not differ as a function of client race, but there were some differences in accuracy of START vulnerability and LSI-R total scores and risk estimates in predicting jail days (but not arrests), over shorter follow-ups. No such differences were found for START strength total scores across any follow-up period or recidivism measure.}, number={7}, journal={ASSESSMENT}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2019}, month={Oct}, pages={1347–1361} }
@article{zottola_desmarais_neupert_dong_laber_lowder_van dorn_2019, title={Results of the Brief Jail Mental Health Screen Across Repeated Jail Bookings}, volume={70}, ISSN={1075-2730 1557-9700}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800377}, DOI={10.1176/appi.ps.201800377}, abstractNote={Objective: The Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (BJMHS) is widely used at intake in county jails to identify detainees who may have serious mental illness and who should be referred for further mental health evaluation. The BJMHS may be administered multiple times across repeated jail bookings; however, the extent to which results may change over time is unclear. To that end, the authors examined the odds of screening positive on the BJMHS across repeated jail bookings. Methods: Data were drawn from the administrative and medical records of a large, urban county jail that used the BJMHS at jail booking. The study sample comprised BJMHS results for the 12,531 jail detainees who were booked at least twice during the 3.5-year period (N=41,965 bookings). Multilevel logistic modeling was used to examine changes over time overall and within the four decision rules (current psychiatric medication, prior hospitalization, two or more current symptoms, and referral for any other reason). Results: Results show that the odds of a positive screen overall increased with each jail booking, as did the odds of referral for any other reason. In contrast, the odds of screening positive for two or more current symptoms and prior hospitalization decreased. There was no change in the odds of screening positive for current psychiatric medication across bookings. Conclusions: Findings show that BJMHS results changed across bookings. Further research is needed to determine whether changes reflect true changes in mental health status, issues with fidelity, the repeated nature of the screening process, or other factors.}, number={11}, journal={Psychiatric Services}, publisher={American Psychiatric Association Publishing}, author={Zottola, Samantha A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Neupert, Shevaun D. and Dong, Lin and Laber, Eric and Lowder, Evan M. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2019}, month={Nov}, pages={1006–1012} }
@inbook{nicholls_desmarais_martin_brink_webster_2019, place={Thousand Oaks, CA}, title={Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)}, ISBN={9781483392264 9781483392240}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483392240.n449}, DOI={10.4135/9781483392240.n449}, booktitle={The SAGE Encyclopedia of Criminal Psychology}, publisher={SAGE Publications, Inc.}, author={Nicholls, T.L. and Desmarais, S.L. and Martin, M.-L. and Brink, J. and Webster, C.D.}, editor={Morgan, R.D.Editor}, year={2019} }
@article{lowder_rade_desmarais_2018, title={Effectiveness of Mental Health Courts in Reducing Recidivism: A Meta-Analysis}, volume={69}, ISSN={1075-2730 1557-9700}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700107}, DOI={10.1176/appi.ps.201700107}, abstractNote={Mental health courts (MHCs) were developed to address the overrepresentation of adults with mental illnesses in the U.S. criminal justice system through diversion into community-based treatment. Research on MHCs has proliferated in recent years, and there is a need to synthesize contemporary literature on MHC effectiveness. The authors conducted a meta-analytic investigation of the effect on criminal recidivism of adult MHC participation compared with traditional criminal processing.Systematic search of three databases yielded 17 studies (N=16,129) published between 2004 and 2015. Study characteristics and potential moderators (that is, publication type, recidivism outcome, and length and timing of follow-up) were independently extracted by two of four raters for each study. Two raters coded each study for quality and extracted between-group effect sizes for measures of recidivism (that is, arrest, charge, conviction, and jail time; k=25). Results were synthesized by using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed.Results showed a small effect of MHC participation on recidivism (d=-.20) relative to traditional criminal processing. MHCs were most effective with respect to jail time and charge outcomes compared with arrest and conviction, in studies measuring recidivism after MHC exit rather than at entry, and in lower-quality studies compared with moderate- and high-quality studies. Results showed significant heterogeneity in effect sizes across studies (I2=73.33) but little evidence of publication bias.Overall, a small effect of MHC participation on recidivism was noted, compared with traditional criminal processing. Findings suggest the need for research to identify additional sources of variability in the effectiveness of MHCs.}, number={1}, journal={Psychiatric Services}, publisher={American Psychiatric Association Publishing}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2018}, month={Jan}, pages={15–22} }
@book{singh_kroner_wormith_desmarais_hamilton_2018, title={Handbook of Recidivism Risk/Needs Assessment Tools}, ISBN={9781119184256 9781119184294}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119184256}, DOI={10.1002/9781119184256}, publisher={John Wiley & Sons, Ltd}, year={2018}, month={Feb} }
@article{rade_desmarais_burnette_2018, title={Implicit theories of criminal behavior: Fostering public support for ex-offender community reentry}, volume={14}, number={1}, journal={Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice}, author={Rade, C.B. and Desmarais, S.L. and Burnette, J.L.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={14–36} }
@article{cramer_johnson_nobles_holley_desmarais_gemberling_wright_wilsey_van dorn_2018, title={Lifetime Suicide-Related Behavior, Violent Victimization, and Behavioral Health Outcomes: Results From a Vulnerable Population Needs Assessment}, volume={9}, ISSN={0886-2605 1552-6518}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260518801941}, DOI={10.1177/0886260518801941}, abstractNote={This study is concerned with two risk factors that have been independently associated with poor behavioral health: (a) lifetime suicide-related behavior (SRB) and (b) interpersonal violence victimization experiences. The purpose of this article was to assess whether the combination of SRB (ideation, attempt) and violent victimization exacerbates behavioral health symptom risk. This pattern is examined across three vulnerable population samples: community-based adults, college students, and bondage and sadomasochism (BDSM) community members. Data from a community health and sexuality survey ( n = 2,175) were collected as a health needs assessment in partnership with the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom; latent class analysis (LCA) was then employed to identify intersectionality. This paper builds on prior findings yielding two distinct violence-related classes: (a) SRB only and (b) violent victimization + SRB. Controlling for demographic covariates, analyses revealed a consistent pattern in which the violent victimization + SRB subgroup displayed significantly worse behavioral health outcomes, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, general distress, and posttraumatic stress. Membership in any of the three available samples did not moderate the latent class-behavioral health associations, suggesting the additive impact of lifetime victimization + SRB is equitable across samples. Results are consistent with social-ecological framing of shared suicide–interpersonal violence falling under the same category of public health concerns sharing risk factors and health outcomes.}, journal={Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Cramer, Robert J. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Nobles, Matt R. and Holley, Sarah R. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Gemberling, Tess M. and Wright, Susan and Wilsey, Corrine N. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={088626051880194} }
@article{prevatt_lowder_desmarais_2018, title={Peer-support intervention for postpartum depression: Participant satisfaction and program effectiveness}, volume={64}, ISSN={0266-6138}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.05.009}, DOI={10.1016/j.midw.2018.05.009}, abstractNote={Postpartum mood disorders represent a serious problem affecting 10-20% of women and support groups offer a promising intervention modality. The current study examined participant satisfaction with and effectiveness of a peer-facilitated postpartum support group.The program consists of a free, peer-support group, developed to increase social support and destigmatise postpartum mood symptoms. The weekly group is co-facilitated by former group attendees and maternal health professionals.The peer-support program is offered in an urban city in the southeastern United States.To address study aims, a community-based participatory research approach was implemented. Participant satisfaction was assessed via mixed methods analyses. Differences in depression scores at follow-up between program attendees and a community sample were examined via weighted linear regression analysis following propensity score analysis. Finally, within-group change in depression scores for program attendees was examined using a repeated measures ANOVA.Intake program data were provided by the sponsoring organisation (n = 73) and follow-up data were collected via an online survey from program attendees (n = 45). A community sample was recruited to establish a comparison group (n = 152).Participant satisfaction was high with overwhelmingly positive perceptions of the program. Postparticipation depression scores were similar to those of the community sample at follow-up (p = .447). Among attendees, pre-post analyses revealed reductions in depression symptoms with significant interactions for time × complications (p ≤ .001) and time × delivery method (p ≤ .017).Overall, findings indicate this peer-support program is not only acceptable to program attendees but also they provide a potential mechanism for improving mental health outcomes; however, further evaluation is needed. Findings also emphasise the importance of integrating evaluation procedures into community-based mental health programming to support effectiveness.Peer-support groups are an acceptable form of intervention for women experiencing postpartum depression.}, journal={Midwifery}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Prevatt, Betty-Shannon and Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2018}, month={Sep}, pages={38–47} }
@article{cartwright_desmarais_johnson_van dorn_2018, title={Performance and clinical utility of a short violence risk screening tool in U.S. adults with mental illness.}, volume={15}, ISSN={1939-148X 1541-1559}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000183}, DOI={10.1037/ser0000183}, abstractNote={Risk assessment instruments are typically long, costly, and resource-intensive. Thus, a short, easily administered preliminary screening tool can increase the efficiency of the subsequent violence risk assessment process. A preliminary tool can identify those at low risk of violence so that they can be screened out of the process of further violence risk assessment. Recently, Singh, Grann, Lichtenstein, Långström, and Fazel (2012) used data drawn from national registries to develop a short screening tool for a sample of Swedish adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. The screening tool included 5 items: male sex, previous criminal conviction, under 32 years of age, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse. The current study examines the predictive validity and clinical utility of the screening tool developed by Singh et al. (2012) in predicting community-based violence over 6-month and 12-month durations in U.S. adults with schizophrenia (n = 3,471) and the generalizability of those findings to the assessment of violence risk in adults with other primary diagnoses. Results demonstrated that the screening tool performed reasonably well at screening out individuals who did not commit violence during follow-up; however, the screening tool did not perform as well at identifying individuals who did commit violence during follow-up. Although those who screened positive were about twice as likely to engage in violence in the 6-month follow-up period, by the 12-month follow-up there was little difference in likelihood of engaging in violence between participants who were screened in and those who were screened out. Overall, findings of the present study do not provide compelling support for the clinical utility of the screening tool in its current form. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).}, number={4}, journal={Psychological Services}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Cartwright, Joel K. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={398–408} }
@article{cartwright_desmarais_hazel_griffith_azizian_2018, title={Predictive validity of HCR-20, START, and static-99R assessments in predicting institutional aggression among sexual offenders.}, volume={42}, ISSN={1573-661X 0147-7307}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000263}, DOI={10.1037/lhb0000263}, abstractNote={Sexual offenders are at greater risk of nonsexual than sexual violence. Yet, only a handful of studies have examined the validity of risk assessments in predicting general, nonsexual violence in this population. This study examined the predictive validity of assessments completed using the Historical-Clinical-Risk Managment-20 Version 2 (HCR-20; Webster, Douglas, Eaves, & Hart, 1997), Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START; Webster, Martin, Brink, Nicholls, & Desmarais, 2009), and Static-99R (Hanson & Thornton, 1999) in predicting institutional (nonsexual) aggression among 152 sexual offenders in a large secure forensic state hospital. Aggression data were gathered from institutional records over 90-day and 180-day follow-up periods. Results support the predictive validity of HCR-20 and START, and to a lesser extent, Static-99R assessments in predicting institutional aggression among patients detained or civilly committed pursuant to the sexually violent predator (SVP) law. In general, HCR-20 and START assessments demonstrated greater predictive validity-specifically, the HCR-20 Clinical subscale scores and START Vulnerability total scores-than Static-99R assessments across types of aggression and follow-up periods. (PsycINFO Database Record}, number={1}, journal={Law and Human Behavior}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Cartwright, Joel K. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hazel, Justin and Griffith, Travis and Azizian, Allen}, year={2018}, month={Feb}, pages={13–25} }
@article{nobles_cramer_zottola_desmarais_gemberling_holley_wright_2018, title={Prevalence rates, reporting, and psychosocial correlates of stalking victimization: results from a three-sample cross-sectional study}, volume={53}, ISSN={0933-7954 1433-9285}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1557-3}, DOI={10.1007/s00127-018-1557-3}, number={11}, journal={Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Nobles, Matt R. and Cramer, Robert J. and Zottola, Samantha A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Gemberling, Tess M. and Holley, Sarah R. and Wright, Susan}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={1253–1263} }
@article{lowder_morrison_kroner_desmarais_2018, title={Racial Bias and LSI-R Assessments in Probation Sentencing and Outcomes}, volume={46}, ISSN={0093-8548 1552-3594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818789977}, DOI={10.1177/0093854818789977}, abstractNote={Risk assessments are now implemented in correctional settings across the United States as an evidence-based strategy to inform sentencing and supervision decisions. Despite growing research examining racial bias in the predictive validity of risk assessments, few studies have investigated racial bias in the context of judicial decision-making. We investigated the interactive contributions of race and Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) risk assessments in predicting sentence length and probation outcomes in 11,792 Black and White probationers. Results showed White probationers at low-risk levels received longer sentences relative to Black probationers classified at the same risk levels. However, there were few differences at higher risk levels and no evidence of racial bias in the predictive accuracy of LSI-R assessments for other probation outcomes. Findings highlight the need for prospective and carefully controlled investigations into whether risk assessments improve the fairness and accuracy of sentencing and other risk management decisions.}, number={2}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Morrison, Megan M. and Kroner, Daryl G. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2018}, month={Jul}, pages={210–233} }
@article{morgan_desmarais_neupert_2017, title={An Integrated Model of Health and Happiness Among Post-9/11 Military Veterans}, volume={5}, ISSN={2163-5781 2163-5803}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2017.1310681}, DOI={10.1080/21635781.2017.1310681}, abstractNote={The authors developed an integrated model of well-being, defined by happiness and physical health, among post-9/11 veterans, by examining associations of religious attendance, trauma, appreciation in life, and ease of readjustment to civilian life with well-being. Data on 712 post-9/11 military veterans (81.0% male) were drawn from the Pew Research Center's 2011 Veterans Study. The authors conducted multiple regression analyses to identify predictors of health and happiness and used structural equation modeling to develop an integrated model of veteran well-being. The authors' findings indicate that ease of readjustment to civilian life is a critical contributor to the health and happiness of veterans.}, number={3}, journal={Military Behavioral Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Morgan, Jessica Kelley and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Neupert, Shevaun D.}, year={2017}, month={Mar}, pages={236–244} }
@article{rade_desmarais_burnette_2017, title={An Integrative Theoretical Model of Public Support for Ex-Offender Reentry}, volume={62}, ISSN={0306-624X 1552-6933}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624X17714110}, DOI={10.1177/0306624x17714110}, abstractNote={Prior research suggests that public and ex-offender characteristics are associated with attitudes toward ex-offenders and support for their reentry; however, research examining reasons for these associations is limited. Research also is limited on the association between attitudes toward ex-offenders generally, and support for their reentry, specifically. Implicit theory offers a new approach to explaining public attitudes through beliefs in the fixed or malleable nature of people (i.e., mindsets). We developed and tested an integrative model applying implicit theory to investigate mechanisms through which beliefs explain support for reentry. Results showed that growth mindsets predicted more positive attitudes toward ex-offenders, which, in turn, predicted greater support for reentry. Belief in a just world, prior contact with an ex-offender, and political orientation were among the covariates of reentry support. Beyond supporting the application of implicit theory in this context, findings suggest that anti-stigma interventions should target growth mindsets to promote community reintegration.}, number={8}, journal={International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Rade, Candalyn B. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Burnette, Jeni L.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={2131–2152} }
@article{morgan_desmarais_2017, title={Associations Between Time Since Event and Posttraumatic Growth Among Military Veterans}, volume={29}, ISSN={0899-5605 1532-7876}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mil0000170}, DOI={10.1037/mil0000170}, abstractNote={Despite efforts to understand the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of posttraumatic growth (PTG), the role of time since a traumatic event (time since event) vis-à-vis PTG is not well understood. Part of a larger project exploring experiences following emotionally distressing events among military veterans (N = 197) using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (Mturk), in the current study, we sought to clarify associations between the time since event and PTG. We used cluster-analytic techniques and analyses of variance to (a) determine the number of clusters, and (b) assess differences in core constructs of PTG and participant characteristics across clusters. Results revealed 4 significantly different groups (i.e., clusters) characterized by differential associations between PTG and time since event. These groups also differed significantly in challenge to core beliefs, level of PTSD symptoms, intrusive and deliberate rumination, and age. The immediate moderate-growth group (Cluster 1) experienced moderate levels of PTG over shorter periods of time, severe PTSD symptoms, and was significantly younger. The low-growth group (Cluster 2) was characterized by minimal PTG, regardless of time, the least challenge to core beliefs, and low amounts of intrusive and deliberate rumination. The long-term small-growth group (Cluster 3) was primarily characterized by small amounts of PTG over longer periods of time. The high-growth group (Cluster 4) was characterized by high PTG, regardless of time, greater challenge to core beliefs, the highest amount of deliberate rumination, and the highest number of PTSD symptoms. Findings underscore heterogeneity within military veterans’ experiences of PTG over time.}, number={5}, journal={Military Psychology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Morgan, Jessica Kelley and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={456–463} }
@article{gruen_griffith_caney_rishniw_lascelles_2017, title={Attitudes of small animal practitioners toward participation in veterinary clinical trials}, volume={250}, ISSN={0003-1488}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.250.1.86}, DOI={10.2460/javma.250.1.86}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To determine attitudes of small animal practitioners toward veterinary clinical trials and variables influencing their likelihood of participating in such trials. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE Small animal practitioners with membership in 1 of 2 online veterinary communities (n = 163 and 652). PROCEDURES An online survey was developed for each of 2 veterinary communities, and invitations to participate were sent via email. Each survey included questions designed to collect information on the respondents' willingness to enroll their patients in clinical trials and to recommend participation to clients for their pets. RESULTS More than 80% of respondents to each survey indicated that they spend no time in clinical research. A high proportion of respondents were likely or extremely likely to recommend clinical trial participation to clients for their pets when those trials involved treatments licensed in other countries, novel treatments, respected investigators, or sponsoring by academic institutions, among other reasons. Reasons for not recommending participation included distance, time restrictions, and lack of awareness of ongoing clinical trials; 28% of respondents indicated that they did not usually learn about such clinical trials. Most respondents (79% to 92%) rated their recommendation of a trial as important to their client's willingness to participate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Participation in veterinary clinical trials by small animal practitioners and their clients and patients appeared low. Efforts should be increased to raise practitioner awareness of clinical trials for which patients might qualify. Specific elements of trial design were identified that could be modified to increase participation.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Gruen, Margaret E. and Griffith, Emily H. and Caney, Sarah M. A. and Rishniw, Mark and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={86–97} }
@article{desmarais_2017, title={Commentary: Risk Assessment in the Age of Evidence-Based Practice and Policy}, volume={16}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2016.1266422}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2016.1266422}, abstractNote={Risk assessment has come to be recognized as a key component of evidence-based practice and policy in psychiatric and correctional agencies. At the same time, however, there is significant debate in scientific, policy, and public arenas regarding the role of risk assessment instruments in mental health and criminal justice decision-making, and questions regarding the level of evidence supporting their usefulness. It is in light of these conflicting realities that the current commentary considers Williams, Wormith, Bonta, and Sitarenios' (2017) re-examination of the Singh, Grann, and Fazel (2011) meta-analysis and recommendations made in “The Use of Meta-Analysis to Compare and Select Offender Risk Instruments.” Additional limitations in the extant risk assessment research are identified and their implications for evidence-based practice and policy are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={18–22} }
@article{neupert_desmarais_gray_cohn_doherty_knight_2017, title={Daily stressors as antecedents, correlates, and consequences of alcohol and drug use and cravings in community-based offenders.}, volume={31}, ISSN={1939-1501 0893-164X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000276}, DOI={10.1037/adb0000276}, abstractNote={Justice-involved individuals with alcohol and drug use problems reoffend at higher rates than their nonusing counterparts, with alcohol and drug use serving as an important vector to recidivism. At the daily level, exposure to stressors may exacerbate problematic alcohol and drug use; at the individual level, prior treatment experiences may mitigate substance use as individuals adapt to and learn new coping mechanisms. We conducted a daily diary study using Interactive Voice Response technology over 14 consecutive days with 117 men on probation or parole participating in a community-based treatment program (n = 860 calls) and referred to medication-assisted treatment. Participants reported daily stressors, craving for alcohol and illegal drugs, and use of alcohol and illegal drugs 1 time each day. Results of multilevel models showed significant day-to-day fluctuation in alcohol and drug craving and use. In concurrent models, increases in daily stressors were associated with increases in cravings and use of illegal drugs. Prior treatment experience modified many of these relationships, and additional lagged models revealed that those with less treatment experience reported an increase in next-day alcohol craving when they experienced increases in stressors on the previous day compared to those with more treatment experience. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of tailoring treatment as a function of individual differences, including prior treatment experiences, and targeting daily stressors and subsequent cravings among justice-involved adults with alcohol and drug use problems. (PsycINFO Database Record}, number={3}, journal={Psychology of Addictive Behaviors}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Neupert, Shevaun D. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Gray, Julie S. and Cohn, Amy M. and Doherty, Stephen and Knight, Kevin}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={315–325} }
@article{prevatt_desmarais_2017, title={Facilitators and Barriers to Disclosure of Postpartum Mood Disorder Symptoms to a Healthcare Provider}, volume={22}, ISSN={1092-7875 1573-6628}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-017-2361-5}, DOI={10.1007/s10995-017-2361-5}, number={1}, journal={Maternal and Child Health Journal}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Prevatt, Betty-Shannon and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2017}, month={Aug}, pages={120–129} }
@article{janssen_korchinski_desmarais_albert_condello_buchanan_granger-brown_ramsden_fels_buxton_et al._2017, title={Factors that support successful transition to the community among women leaving prison in British Columbia: a prospective cohort study using participatory action research}, volume={5}, ISSN={2291-0026}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20160165}, DOI={10.9778/cmajo.20160165}, abstractNote={
Background:
In Canada, the number of women sentenced to prison has almost doubled since 1995. In British Columbia, the rate of reincarceration is 70% within 2 years. Our aim was to identify factors associated with recidivism among women in British Columbia. Methods:
We prospectively followed women after discharge from provincial corrections centres in British Columbia. We defined recidivism as participation in criminal activity disclosed by participants during the year following release. To identify predictive factors, we carried out a repeated-measures analysis using a logistic mixed-effect model. Results:
Four hundred women completed a baseline interview, of whom 207 completed additional interviews during the subsequent year, contributing 395 interviews in total. Factors significantly associated in univariate analysis with recidivism included not having a family doctor or dentist, depression, not having children, less than high school education, index charge of drug offense or theft under $5000, poor general health, hepatitis C treatment, poor nutritional or spiritual health, and use of cannabis or cocaine. In multivariate analysis, good nutritional health (odds ratio [OR] 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.76]), good spiritual health (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.44-0.83]), high school education (OR 0.44 [95% CI 0.22-0.87]) and incarceration for a drug offence versus other crimes (OR 0.30 [95% CI 0.12-0.79]) were protective against recidivism. Interpretation:
Our findings emphasize the relevance of health-related strategies as drivers of recidivism among women released from prison. Health assessment on admission followed by treatment for trauma and associated psychiatric disorders and for chronic medical and dental problems deserve consideration as priority approaches to reduce rates of reincarceration.}, number={3}, journal={CMAJ Open}, publisher={Joule Inc.}, author={Janssen, Patricia A. and Korchinski, Mo and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Albert, Arianne Y.K. and Condello, Lara-Lisa and Buchanan, Marla and Granger-Brown, Alison and Ramsden, Vivian R. and Fels, Lynn and Buxton, Jane A. and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Sep}, pages={E717–E723} }
@article{van dorn_desmarais_rade_burris_cuddeback_johnson_tueller_comfort_mueser_2017, title={Jail-to-community treatment continuum for adults with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial}, volume={18}, ISSN={1745-6215}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2088-z}, DOI={10.1186/s13063-017-2088-z}, abstractNote={Adults with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders (CODs) are overrepresented in jails. In-custody barriers to treatment, including a lack of evidence-based treatment options and the often short periods of incarceration, and limited communication between jails and community-based treatment agencies that can hinder immediate enrollment into community care once released have contributed to a cycle of limited treatment engagement, unaddressed criminogenic risks, and (re)arrest among this vulnerable and high-risk population. This paper describes a study that will develop research and communication protocols and adapt two evidence-based treatments, dual-diagnosis motivational interviewing (DDMI) and integrated group therapy (IGT), for delivery to adults with CODs across a jail-to-community treatment continuum. Adaptations to DDMI and IGT were guided by the Risk-Need-Responsivity model and the National Institute of Corrections’ implementation competencies; the development of the implementation framework and communication protocols were guided by the Evidence-Based Interagency Implementation Model for community corrections and the Inter-organizational Relationship model, respectively. Implementation and evaluation of the protocols and adapted interventions will occur via an open trial and a pilot randomized trial. The clinical intervention consists of two in-jail DDMI sessions and 12 in-community IGT sessions. Twelve adults with CODs and four clinicians will participate in the open trial to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of, and fidelity to, the interventions and research and communication protocols. The pilot controlled trial will be conducted with 60 inmates who will be randomized to either DDMI-IGT or treatment as usual. A baseline assessment will be conducted in jail, and four community-based assessments will be conducted during a 6-month follow-up period. Implementation, clinical, public health, and treatment preference outcomes will be evaluated. Findings have the potential to improve both jail- and community-based treatment services for adults with CODs as well as inform methods for conducting rigorous pilot implementation and evaluation research in correctional settings and as inmates re-enter the community. Findings will contribute to a growing area of work focused on interrupting the cycle of limited treatment engagement, unaddressed criminogenic risks, and (re)arrest among adults with CODs. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02214667 . Registered on 10 August 2014.}, number={1}, journal={Trials}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Burris, Elizabeth N. and Cuddeback, Gary S. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Tueller, Stephen J. and Comfort, Megan L. and Mueser, Kim T.}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
@article{rettenberger_eher_desmarais_hurducas_arbach-lucioni_condemarin_dean_doyle_folino_godoy-cervera_et al._2017, title={Kriminalprognosen in der Praxis}, volume={63}, ISSN={0012-1924 2190-622X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/A000168}, DOI={10.1026/0012-1924/A000168}, abstractNote={Zusammenfassung. Einschätzungen über das Risiko zukünftiger Gewalttätigkeit sind ein fester Bestandteil der Arbeit von Psychologinnen und Psychologen, wobei bis heute wenig darüber bekannt ist, in welcher Form kriminalprognostische Einschätzungen in der alltäglichen Berufspraxis vorgenommen werden. Durch die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit wird erstmals ein Einblick in die kriminalprognostische Praxis in Deutschland gegeben. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Ergebnisse des International Risk Surveys (IRiS; Singh et al., 2014 ) ausgewertet, an der weltweit 2135 Personen aus 44 Ländern teilgenommen haben. Aus Deutschland wurden 97 Psychologinnen und Psychologen sowie Angehörige anderer Berufsgruppen über ihre kriminalprognostischen Tätigkeiten befragt. Die Daten zeigen, dass mittlerweile in der Praxis mehrheitlich auf standardisierte Prognoseinstrumente zurückgegriffen wird. Die Instrumente werden nicht nur für die prognostische Einschätzung über das zukünftige Gewaltrisiko als nützlich eingestuft, sondern auch im Hinblick auf die Therapieindikation sowie die verlaufsdiagnostische Untersuchung von Behandlungs- und Betreuungsfällen als hilfreich beurteilt.}, number={1}, journal={Diagnostica}, publisher={Hogrefe Publishing Group}, author={Rettenberger, Martin and Eher, Reinhard and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hurducas, Cristina and Arbach-Lucioni, Karin and Condemarin, Carolina and Dean, Kimberlie and Doyle, Michael and Folino, Jorge O. and Godoy-Cervera, Verónica and et al.}, year={2017}, month={Jan}, pages={2–14} }
@article{sellers_desmarais_hanger_2017, title={Measurement of Change in Dynamic Factors Using the START: AV}, volume={17}, ISSN={2473-2850 2473-2842}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24732850.2017.1317560}, DOI={10.1080/24732850.2017.1317560}, abstractNote={Historical approaches to violence risk assessment emphasized prediction of future violence and focused on static or historical risk factors. Consideration of dynamic factors as part of a comprehensive violence risk assessment approach may allow practitioners to better tailor treatment and risk management strategies. Limited research exists on whether risk assessment instruments can detect change in dynamic factors over time. The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV) is a relatively new risk assessment instrument that considers both Vulnerabilities and Strengths on factors that are purportedly dynamic in nature. This study examined changes in START:AV factors between initial and follow-up assessments conducted approximately three months later as part of a pilot implementation at three juvenile justice residential facilities in a Southern state. Overall, findings revealed significant item-level changes on several factors, as well as reliable changes in total scores for 28% (reliable change index; 95% confidence interval) of adolescents.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Sellers, Brian G. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hanger, Matthew W.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={198–215} }
@book{desmarais_lowder_dong_laber_2017, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Mental health characteristics of detainees in Wake County Jail}, url={https://tinyurl.com/yaj2caqx}, institution={Wake County Manager and Board of Commissioners}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Lowder, E.M. and Dong, L. and Laber, E.B.}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
@article{lowder_desmarais_rade_coffey_van dorn_2017, title={Models of Protection Against Recidivism in Justice-Involved Adults With Mental Illnesses}, volume={44}, ISSN={0093-8548 1552-3594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817710966}, DOI={10.1177/0093854817710966}, abstractNote={Protective factors may play an important role in the assessment, treatment, and supervision of adult offenders with mental illnesses. However, little is known regarding associations between protective factors, risk factors, and recidivism in this population. In research with adolescents, five models describing these associations have been proposed and tested: (a) Compensatory, (b) Buffer, (c) Challenge, (d) Protective-Protective, and (e) Mediation. This study evaluated these models of protection against recidivism in a sample of justice-involved adults with mental illnesses ( N = 550). Risk and protective factors were operationalized using Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) assessments. Results showed consistent evidence for the Compensatory model, where risk and protective factors were independently associated with recidivism. In contrast, results failed to provide evidence supporting the other four models. Findings underscore the importance of both risk and protective factors in the assessment, treatment, and supervision of adult offenders.}, number={7}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Coffey, Tim and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2017}, month={May}, pages={893–911} }
@article{morgan_desmarais_mitchell_simons-rudolph_2017, title={Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Growth, and Satisfaction With Life in Military Veterans}, volume={29}, ISSN={0899-5605 1532-7876}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mil0000182}, DOI={10.1037/mil0000182}, abstractNote={Objective: Military veterans are more likely than civilians to experience trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests, however, that some people who experience trauma, including veterans, report posttraumatic growth (PTG), or positive personal changes following adversity. In this study, we tested a comprehensive model of PTG, PTSD, and satisfaction with life in a veteran population, exploring the roles of challenges to core beliefs, types of rumination, sex, and time since event. Method: Data were collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing website, from veterans (N = 197) who had experienced a stressful event within the last 3 years (M = 16.66 months, SD = 12.27 months). Structural equation modeling was used to test an integrated conceptual model of PTG, PTSD, and satisfaction with life. Results: Results showed that challenge to core beliefs was directly associated with both deliberate and intrusive rumination. Deliberate rumination was positively related to PTG; intrusive rumination was positively related to symptoms of PTSD. PTG and PTSD, in turn, mediated the relationship between rumination styles and satisfaction with life; PTG was related to higher satisfaction with life; and PTSD was negatively related to satisfaction with life. Results failed to show differences on any model variables as a function of time since event or sex. Conclusion: Results indicate that the intentional facilitation of PTG may be a complementary and alternative option to the reduction of PTSD symptoms for improving satisfaction with life. Findings suggest that efforts to facilitate PTG should be focused on strategies for promoting deliberate rumination.}, number={5}, journal={Military Psychology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Morgan, Jessica Kelley and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Mitchell, Roger E. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph M.}, year={2017}, month={Jun}, pages={434–447} }
@article{lowder_desmarais_neupert_truelove_2017, title={SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access, and Recovery (SOAR): Disability Application Outcomes Among Homeless Adults}, volume={68}, ISSN={1075-2730 1557-9700}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201600568}, DOI={10.1176/appi.ps.201600568}, abstractNote={The SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access, and Recovery (SOAR) program has been shown to increase access to Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Insurance benefits among homeless adults. However, little empirical data exist on how or for whom SOAR achieves successful application outcomes. This study investigated applicant and application characteristics associated with disability application outcomes among homeless adults.Secondary data on 6,361 SOAR-assisted applications were obtained. Multilevel models investigated between-applicant differences in application processing time and decision as a function of applicant and application characteristics.Older age and living in an institution were associated with greater odds of application approval. Female gender and receipt of public assistance were associated with longer processing time and lower odds of approval. Except for quality review, SOAR critical components were associated with greater odds of approval.Women and adults receiving public assistance appear disadvantaged in the SOAR application process. SOAR critical components promote successful disability application outcomes.}, number={11}, journal={Psychiatric Services}, publisher={American Psychiatric Association Publishing}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Neupert, Shevaun D. and Truelove, Melissa A.}, year={2017}, month={Nov}, pages={1189–1192} }
@article{desmarais_simons-rudolph_brugh_schilling_hoggan_2017, title={The state of scientific knowledge regarding factors associated with terrorism.}, volume={4}, ISSN={2169-4850 2169-4842}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/TAM0000090}, DOI={10.1037/TAM0000090}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Threat Assessment and Management}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Simons-Rudolph, Joseph and Brugh, Christine Shahan and Schilling, Eileen and Hoggan, Chad}, year={2017}, month={Dec}, pages={180–209} }
@article{rade_desmarais_mitchell_2016, title={A Meta-Analysis of Public Attitudes Toward Ex-Offenders}, volume={43}, ISSN={0093-8548 1552-3594}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816655837}, DOI={10.1177/0093854816655837}, abstractNote={Ex-offenders face barriers to community reintegration including negative attitudes held by members of the public. This meta-analysis summarizes the extant research on the correlates of public attitudes toward ex-offenders—namely, public, ex-offender, and community characteristics—and the moderating effects of sexual offense history. A systematic search of four databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, National Criminal Justice Reference Service [NCJRS], and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses) identified 19 records, consisting of 9,355 participants. Results revealed small associations between correlate variables and attitudes, suggesting that people are more similar than different in their attitudes toward ex-offenders. Indeed, only political ideology, interpersonal contact, and sexual offense history emerged as significant correlates. Moderation analyses revealed differences in public attitudes toward ex-offenders based upon the year a record was produced. Findings reveal the need for additional research examining moderators of public attitudes toward ex-offenders and suggest that interventions should explore ways to incorporate interpersonal contact and reduce stigma related to criminal histories.}, number={9}, journal={Criminal Justice and Behavior}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Rade, Candalyn B. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Mitchell, Roger E.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={1260–1280} }
@article{johnson_desmarais_tueller_grimm_swartz_van dorn_2016, title={A longitudinal analysis of the overlap between violence and victimization among adults with mental illnesses}, volume={246}, ISSN={0165-1781}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.039}, DOI={10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.039}, abstractNote={Prior research suggests considerable overlap of violence perpetration and victimization among adults with mental illnesses. However, there has been no examination of how the likelihood of being a victim and/or perpetrator of violence may change over time, nor consideration of clinically-relevant factors affecting these transitions. In a pooled sample of adults with mental illnesses (N=3,473) we employed latent transition analysis to: (a) determine prevalence of four violence and victimization classifications (i.e., non-victim/non-perpetrator, victim only, perpetrator only, and victim-perpetrator) over a 6-month period; (b) calculate the likelihood that adults with mental illnesses will remain in or transition between these classifications over time; and (c) assess the effects of recent substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors on transitions over time. At each time point, the majority of participants identified as non-victim/non-perpetrators, followed by victim-perpetrators, victims only, and perpetrators only. Analyses also revealed many individuals transitioned between classifications over time. These distinct pathways towards, and away from, violent outcomes were, in part, a function of recent violence and/or victimization, as well as substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors. Findings inform the identification of adults with mental illnesses at risk of violence and victimization and highlight points of intervention.}, journal={Psychiatry Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Johnson, Kiersten L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Tueller, Stephen J. and Grimm, Kevin J. and Swartz, Marvin S. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={203–210} }
@article{johnson_desmarais_van dorn_lutnick_kral_lorvick_2016, title={Correlates of Risky Heterosexual Behaviors Among Women Who Use Methamphetamine}, volume={46}, ISSN={0022-0426 1945-1369}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042616629512}, DOI={10.1177/0022042616629512}, abstractNote={Women who use methamphetamine are at heightened risk of engaging in sexual behaviors that increase their odds of contracting HIV or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, little is known regarding correlates of such behaviors within this population. In a community-based sample of women who use methamphetamine ( N = 322), we examined participant characteristics (i.e., demographics, drug- and sex-related behaviors, and mental health characteristics) associated with three operationalizations of risky heterosexual behaviors in the past 6 months (i.e., number of male partners, condomless sex with male partners, and both multiple male partners and condomless sex). Analyses revealed important distinctions in the correlates of risky heterosexual behaviors as a function of outcome. Results suggest that HIV and STI prevention strategies should consider characteristics associated with differing risky heterosexual behaviors. In addition, differences in correlates of these behaviors suggest a need for standardization in measurement and evaluation of sexual risk in research and practice with women who use methamphetamine.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Drug Issues}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Johnson, Kiersten L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A. and Lutnick, Alexandra and Kral, Alex H. and Lorvick, Jennifer}, year={2016}, month={Feb}, pages={148–160} }
@article{tueller_johnson_grimm_desmarais_sellers_van dorn_2016, title={Effects of sample size and distributional assumptions on competing models of the factor structure of the PANSS and BPRS}, volume={26}, ISSN={1049-8931}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/MPR.1549}, DOI={10.1002/MPR.1549}, abstractNote={Abstract Factor analytic work on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) has yielded varied and conflicting results. The current study explored potential causes of these discrepancies. Prior research has been limited by small sample sizes and an incorrect assumption that the items are normally distributed when in practice responses are highly skewed ordinal variables. Using simulation methodology, we examined the effects of sample size, (in)correctly specifying item distributions, collapsing rarely endorsed response categories, and four factor analytic models. The first is the model of Van Dorn et al., developed using a large integrated data set, specified the item distributions as multinomial, and used cross‐validation. The remaining models were developed specifying item distributions as normal: the commonly used pentagonal model of White et al.; the model of Van der Gaag et al. developed using extensive cross‐validation methods; and the model of Shafer developed through meta‐analysis. Our simulation results indicated that incorrectly assuming normality led to biases in model fit and factor structure, especially for small sample size. Collapsing rarely used response options had negligible effects.}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Tueller, Stephen J. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Grimm, Kevin J. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Sellers, Brian G. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={e1549} }
@article{pham_ducro_desmarais_hurducas_arbach-lucioni_condemarin_dean_doyle_folino_godoy-cervera_et al._2016, title={Enquête internationale sur les pratiques d’évaluation du risque de violence : présentation des données belges}, volume={174}, ISSN={0003-4487}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2015.10.018}, DOI={10.1016/j.amp.2015.10.018}, abstractNote={Les professionnels de la santé mentale sont amenés à évaluer le risque de violence présenté par leurs patients. De nombreuses méthodes d’évaluation ont été développées et implémentées dans différents pays. Toutefois, les pratiques des professionnels n’ont à ce jour pas encore été comparées. Cette enquête a été développée au plan international, afin d’identifier les méthodes d’évaluation du risque de violence et de comparer leur utilité perçue par les psychologues, psychiatres et infirmiers psychiatriques. L’enquête a été complétée par 2135 répondants provenant de 44 pays répartis dans cinq continents. Cette étude se focalise spécifiquement sur les pratiques des professionnels en Belgique concernant l’évaluation du risque de violence. Les répondants ont déclaré utiliser les instruments afin d’évaluer, gérer et superviser les risques de violence. Plus de la moitié des évaluations se fait via l’utilisation d’un instrument structuré. L’évaluation du risque de violence constitue un enjeu mondial, tout comme l’utilisation d’instruments structurés. Les 86 professionnels belges répondants ne se distinguent pas particulièrement des professionnels des autres pays. Mental health professionals are routinely called upon to assess the violence risk presented by their patients, frequently aided by structured instruments. Though surveys of risk assessment and management have been conducted, these efforts have been largely circumscribed to individual countries and have not compared the practices of members of different professional disciplines. A web-based survey was developed to examine the international use of structured instruments in the violence risk assessment process across five continents and to compare the perceived utility of such instruments by psychologists, psychiatrists, and nurses. The survey was translated into nine languages and distributed to members of 59 national and international organizations following the Dillman total Survey Design method. The Belgium sample was composed of 86 mental health professionals (69 psychologists, 12 psychiatrists, 1 nurse and 4 other professionals). Respondents had an average age of 43.93 years and 10.85 years of which was spend in practice. Over half of their time in the past 12 months was spent on clinical activities, most often in forensic hospitals followed by private practice and correctional institutions. Additional responsibilities over the past 12 months included administrative duties, teaching with comparatively little time being spent on research pursuits. Respondents reported having conducted an average of 211.68 violence risk assessment in their lifetimes, over half of which with the aid of a structured instrument. In the past 12 months, respondents conducted an average of 40.76 violence risk assessments, again over half of which using a structured instrument. Over both their lifetimes and the past 12 months, respondents reported that the instrument most commonly using in the violence risk assessment process were the: PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised; Hare 1991, 2003), the HCR-20 (Historical Clinical Risk; Webster, Douglas, Eaves, et Hart, 1997), the VRAG (Violence Risk Appraisal Guide; Quinsey, Harris, Rice et Cormier, 2006) and the SAPROF (Structured Assessment of PROtective Factors for violence risk; de Vogel, de Ruiter, Bouman, & de Vries Robbé, 2011). The PCL-R and the HCR-20 are the most used instruments. As for the perceived usefulness of these instruments by respondents, the utility for risk assessment was described as “quite useful” and “useful” for the PCL-R, HCR-20 and the SAPROF. The usefulness of the VRAG was more nuanced. To develop a violence risk management plan or implement violence risk management plan, the instruments were used less frequently, however, the HCR-20 was the instrument found most useful, followed by PCL-R and SAPROF.}, number={7}, journal={Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Pham, Thierry and Ducro, Claire and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hurducas, Cristina and Arbach-Lucioni, Karin and Condemarin, Carolina and Dean, Kimberlie and Doyle, Michael and Folino, Jorge O. and Godoy-Cervera, Veronica and et al.}, year={2016}, month={Sep}, pages={539–543} }
@article{van dorn_grimm_desmarais_tueller_johnson_swartz_2016, title={Leading indicators of community-based violent events among adults with mental illness}, volume={47}, ISSN={0033-2917 1469-8978}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716003160}, DOI={10.1017/s0033291716003160}, abstractNote={Background The public health, public safety and clinical implications of violent events among adults with mental illness are significant; however, the causes and consequences of violence and victimization among adults with mental illness are complex and not well understood, which limits the effectiveness of clinical interventions and risk management strategies. This study examined interrelationships between violence, victimization, psychiatric symptoms, substance use, homelessness and in-patient treatment over time. Method Available data were integrated from four longitudinal studies of adults with mental illness. Assessments took place at baseline, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months, depending on the parent studies’ protocol. Data were analysed with the autoregressive cross-lag model. Results Violence and victimization were leading indicators of each other and affective symptoms were a leading indicator of both. Drug and alcohol use were leading indicators of violence and victimization, respectively. All psychiatric symptom clusters – affective, positive, negative, disorganized cognitive processing – increased the likelihood of experiencing at least one subsequent symptom cluster. Sensitivity analyses identified few group-based differences in the magnitude of effects in this heterogeneous sample. Conclusions Violent events demonstrated unique and shared indicators and consequences over time. Findings indicate mechanisms for reducing violent events, including trauma-informed therapy, targeting internalizing and externalizing affective symptoms with cognitive–behavioral and psychopharmacological interventions, and integrating substance use and psychiatric care. Finally, mental illness and violence and victimization research should move beyond demonstrating concomitant relationships and instead focus on lagged effects with improved spatio-temporal contiguity.}, number={7}, journal={Psychological Medicine}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Van Dorn, R. A. and Grimm, K. J. and Desmarais, S. L. and Tueller, S. J. and Johnson, K. L. and Swartz, M. S.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={1179–1191} }
@article{prevatt_desmarais_janssen_2016, title={Lifetime substance use as a predictor of postpartum mental health}, volume={20}, ISSN={1434-1816 1435-1102}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00737-016-0694-5}, DOI={10.1007/S00737-016-0694-5}, number={1}, journal={Archives of Women's Mental Health}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Prevatt, Betty-Shannon and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Janssen, Patricia A.}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={189–199} }
@article{desmarais_gray_rade_cohn_doherty_knight_2016, title={Medication-assisted treatment and violent outcomes in community-based offenders with alcohol and drug use problems.}, volume={6}, ISSN={2152-081X 2152-0828}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/vio0000047}, DOI={10.1037/vio0000047}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE: This study explored medication-assisted treatment (MAT), the combined use of medication and psychosocial treatment, as a strategy for reducing violent outcomes in community-based offenders. The primary aims were to: 1) examine associations between participant characteristics and treatment adherence; 2) examine associations between treatment adherence and substance use; 3) examine associations between treatment adherence and violent outcomes; and 4) determine whether associations between treatment adherence and violent outcomes may be attributable to reductions in substance use. METHOD: Baseline interviews were completed with 129 male offenders in community-based treatment prior to their first MAT appointment. Follow-up interviews (n = 91) were conducted approximately 90 days later. RESULTS: Participant age was associated with medication adherence. Medication nonadherence was associated with at least occasional alcohol use, but not drug use. Conversely, missing several counseling sessions was associated with at least occasional drug use, but not alcohol use. RESULTS of multivariable analyses suggested MAT may be effective in reducing violent outcomes, and victimization specifically, through reductions in alcohol use. CONCLUSION: Findings provide evidence supporting MAT as an intervention for victimization. Continued efforts are needed to explore strategies to promote treatment adherence and reduce violent outcomes in community-based offenders with alcohol and drug use problems. Language: en}, number={3}, journal={Psychology of Violence}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Gray, Julie S. and Rade, Candalyn B. and Cohn, Amy M. and Doherty, Stephen and Knight, Kevin}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={378–389} }
@book{desmarais_lowder_van dorn_2016, place={Miami, FL}, title={Mental health disparities in the United States: Miami Dade County}, institution={11th Judicial District Criminal Mental Health Project}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Lowder, E.M. and Van Dorn, R.A.}, year={2016}, month={Jan} }
@article{desmarais_johnson_singh_2016, title={Performance of recidivism risk assessment instruments in U.S. correctional settings.}, volume={13}, ISSN={1939-148X 1541-1559}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000075}, DOI={10.1037/ser0000075}, abstractNote={With the population of adults under correctional supervision in the United States at an all-time high, psychologists and other professionals working in U.S. correctional agencies face mounting pressures to identify offenders at greater risk of recidivism and to guide treatment and supervision recommendations. Risk assessment instruments are increasingly being used to assist with these tasks; however, relatively little is known regarding the performance of these tools in U.S. correctional settings. In this review, we synthesize the findings of studies examining the predictive validity of assessments completed using instruments designed to predict general recidivism risk, including committing a new crime and violating conditions of probation or parole, among adult offenders in the United States. We searched for studies conducted in the United States and published between January 1970 and December 2012 in peer-reviewed journals, government reports, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations using PsycINFO, the U.S. National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts, and Google. We identified 53 studies (72 samples) conducted in U.S. correctional settings examining the predictive validity of 19 risk assessment instruments. The instruments varied widely in the number, type, and content of their items. For most instruments, predictive validity had been examined in 1 or 2 studies conducted in the United States that were published during the reference period. Only 2 studies reported on interrater reliability. No instrument emerged as producing the "most" reliable and valid risk assessments. Findings suggest the need for continued evaluation of the performance of instruments used to predict recidivism risk in U.S. correctional agencies. (PsycINFO Database Record}, number={3}, journal={Psychological Services}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Singh, Jay P.}, year={2016}, month={Aug}, pages={206–222} }
@article{johnson_desmarais_grimm_tueller_swartz_van dorn_2016, title={Proximal Risk Factors for Short-Term Community Violence Among Adults With Mental Illnesses}, volume={67}, ISSN={1075-2730 1557-9700}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201500259}, DOI={10.1176/appi.ps.201500259}, abstractNote={This study examined the role of static indicators and proximal, clinically relevant indicators in the prediction of short-term community violence in a large, heterogeneous sample of adults with mental illnesses.Data were pooled from five studies of adults with mental illnesses (N=4,484). Follow-up data were available for 2,579 participants. A hierarchical linear regression assessed the incremental validity of a series of variable clusters in the prediction of violence risk at six months: static characteristics (age, sex, race-ethnicity, and primary diagnosis), substance use (alcohol use and drug use at baseline), clinical functioning (psychiatric symptoms at baseline and recent hospitalization), recent violence, and recent victimization.Results demonstrated improved prediction with each step of the model, indicating that proximal indicators contributed to the prediction of short-term community violence above and beyond static characteristics. When all variables were entered, current alcohol use, recent violence, and recent victimization were positive predictors of subsequent violence, even after the analysis controlled for participant characteristics.This study provides empirical evidence for three proximal, clinically relevant indicators in the assessment and management of short-term violence risk among adults with mental illnesses: current alcohol use, recent violence, and recent victimization. Consideration of these indicators in clinical practice may assist in the identification of adults with mental illnesses who are at heightened risk of short-term community violence.}, number={7}, journal={Psychiatric Services}, publisher={American Psychiatric Association Publishing}, author={Johnson, Kiersten L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Grimm, Kevin J. and Tueller, Stephen J. and Swartz, Marvin S. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={771–778} }
@article{lowder_desmarais_baucom_2016, title={Recidivism following mental health court exit: Between and within-group comparisons.}, volume={40}, ISSN={1573-661X 0147-7307}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000168}, DOI={10.1037/lhb0000168}, abstractNote={Over the past decade, Mental Health Courts (MHCs) have spread rapidly across the U.S. These courts aim to reduce recidivism among adults with mental illnesses through diversion into community-based treatment. Extant research suggests that MHCs can be effective in reducing recidivism, but also demonstrates that effectiveness varies as a function of characteristics of the participants (e.g., criminal history) and the program (e.g., coercion). Less is known regarding the extent to which process-related factors (e.g., length of participation, time between referral and receipt of services) impact effectiveness. Prior research also is limited by a focus on recidivism during MHC as opposed to postexit. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined recidivism 1 year postexit for a group of MHC participants (n = 57) and offenders receiving treatment as usual (TAU; n = 40), total N = 97. We also investigated the influence of individual characteristics and process factors on changes in jail days 1 year preentry to 1 year postexit for MHC participants. Overall, results provide some evidence supporting the effectiveness of MHCs. MHC participants had significantly fewer jail days, but not charges or convictions, relative to TAU participants. Among MHC participants, graduation from the MHC, presence of co-occurring substance use, and longer length of MHC participation were associated with greater reductions in jail days. Other process factors were unrelated to reductions in recidivism. Findings suggest that MHCs may be particularly effective for high-risk participants and that time spent in a MHC has positive effects on recidivism, regardless of graduation status.}, number={2}, journal={Law and Human Behavior}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Baucom, Daniel J.}, year={2016}, pages={118–127} }
@book{viljoen_nicholls_cruise_beneteau-douglas_desmarais_barone_webster_2016, place={Burnaby, Canada}, title={START:AV knowledge guide: A research compendium on the START:AV strength and vulnerability items}, institution={Mental Health, Law & Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University}, author={Viljoen, J.L. and Nicholls, T.L. and Cruise, K.R. and Beneteau-Douglas, J. and Desmarais, S.L. and Barone, C.C. and Webster, C.D.}, year={2016} }
@article{young_desmarais_baldwin_chandler_2016, title={Sexual Coercion Practices Among Undergraduate Male Recreational Athletes, Intercollegiate Athletes, and Non-Athletes}, volume={23}, ISSN={1077-8012 1552-8448}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216651339}, DOI={10.1177/1077801216651339}, abstractNote={Prior research shows that male intercollegiate athletes are at risk for perpetrating sexual violence. Whether this risk extends to male recreational athletes has not been explored. This study assessed associations between attitudes toward women, rape myth acceptance, and prevalence of sexual coercion among 379 male, undergraduate recreational and intercollegiate athletes and non-athletes. Our analyses showed significant differences between the responses of athletes and non-athletes for all dependent variables, and intercollegiate and recreational athletes on attitudes toward women and the prevalence of sexual coercion. Controlling for rape myth acceptance and traditional gender role attitudes eliminated differences between athletes and non-athletes in prevalence of sexual coercion.}, number={7}, journal={Violence Against Women}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Young, Belinda-Rose and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Baldwin, Julie A. and Chandler, Rasheeta}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={795–812} }
@article{rade_holland_gregory_desmarais_2016, title={Systematic review of religious affiliations and beliefs as correlates of public attitudes toward capital punishment}, volume={30}, ISSN={1478-601X 1478-6028}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2016.1248962}, DOI={10.1080/1478601x.2016.1248962}, abstractNote={Religious reasons are frequently described as considerations that shape support for or opposition to capital punishment; however, there are many inconsistencies in the literature. This study represents a systematic review of the extant research on religious affiliations and beliefs as correlates of public attitudes toward capital punishment. Searches conducted in five databases identified 33 articles, representing 97,570 respondents. Results revealed that people belonging to Protestant affiliations and with negative images of God were more likely to support capital punishment. People possessing positive images of God and with strong beliefs in compassion were less likely to support capital punishment. The religious correlates commonly assessed in the extant literature, such as fundamentalism, are not significant correlates of attitudes toward capital punishment. Findings also revealed that the predominance of research examined Christian religious affiliations, to the exclusion of other common affiliations, such as Buddhist or Islamic affiliations. Taken together, findings suggest that compared to affiliations, religious beliefs better explain attitudes toward capital punishment. Further research is needed to investigate the ways religious correlates influence death qualified jury selection and capital sentencing decisions. An increased understanding of the nuanced relationship between religion and capital punishment attitudes can better inform capital punishment policy and practice.}, number={1}, journal={Criminal Justice Studies}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Rade, Candalyn B. and Holland, Ashley M. and Gregory, Jordan B. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2016}, month={Oct}, pages={63–85} }
@inbook{singh_desmarais_otto_nicholls_petersen_pritchard_2016, title={The International Risk Survey}, ISBN={9780199386291}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199386291.003.0007}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199386291.003.0007}, abstractNote={Abstract Prior surveys of risk assessment methods have been largely circumscribed to individual countries and have not compared the practices of different professional disciplines. Therefore, a Web-based survey was developed to examine methods of violence risk assessment across six continents, and to compare the perceived utility of these methods by psychologists, psychiatrists, and nurses. The survey was translated into nine languages and distributed to members of 59 national and international organizations. Surveys were completed by 2,135 respondents from 44 countries. Respondents across six continents reported using instruments to assess, manage, and monitor violence risk, with more than half of risk assessments during the past 12 months conducted using such an instrument. Results suggest that violence risk assessment is a global phenomenon, as is the use of instruments to assist in this task. Improved feedback following risk assessments and the development of risk management plans could improve the efficacy of health services.}, booktitle={International Perspectives on Violence Risk Assessment}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Singh, Jay P. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Otto, Randy K. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Petersen, Karen L. and Pritchard, Michelle M.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={101–126} }
@article{cramer_desmarais_johnson_gemberling_nobles_holley_wright_van dorn_2016, title={The intersection of interpersonal and self-directed violence among general adult, college student and sexually diverse samples}, volume={63}, ISSN={0020-7640 1741-2854}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764016683728}, DOI={10.1177/0020764016683728}, abstractNote={Suicide and interpersonal violence (i.e. victimization and perpetration) represent pressing public health problems, and yet remain mostly addressed as separate topics.To identify the (1) frequency and overlap of suicide and interpersonal violence and (2) characteristics differentiating subgroups of violence-related experiences.A health survey was completed by 2,175 respondents comprised of three groups: college students ( n = 702), adult members of a sexuality special interest organization ( n = 816) and a community adult sample ( n = 657). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups characterized by violence experiences; logistic regression was used to identify respondent characteristics differentiating subgroups.Overall rates of violence perpetration were low; perpetration, victimization and self-directed violence all varied by sample. Adults with alternative sexual interests reported high rates of victimization and self-directed violence. Analyses indicated two subgroups: (1) victimization + self-directed violence and (2) self-directed violence only. The victimization + self-directed violence subgroup was characterized by older, White, female and sexual orientation minority persons. The self-directed violence subgroup was characterized by younger, non-White, male and straight counterparts engaging with more sexual partners and more frequent drug use.Findings support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition of suicide as self-directed violence. Suicide intervention and prevention should further account for the role of violent victimization by focusing on the joint conceptualization of self-directed and interpersonal violence. Additional prevention implications are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Social Psychiatry}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Cramer, Robert J and Desmarais, Sarah L and Johnson, Kiersten L and Gemberling, Tess M and Nobles, Matt R and Holley, Sarah R and Wright, Susan and Van Dorn, Richard}, year={2016}, month={Dec}, pages={78–85} }
@article{van dorn_desmarais_grimm_tueller_johnson_sellers_swartz_2016, title={The latent structure of psychiatric symptoms across mental disorders as measured with the PANSS and BPRS-18}, volume={245}, ISSN={0165-1781}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.029}, DOI={10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.029}, abstractNote={Raw data were used from five studies of adults with mental illnesses (N=4,480) in an attempt to identify a psychiatric symptoms factor structure, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, that was generalizable across participant characteristics. First, the fit of four extant models was tested via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), then exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted with a 50% random sample, followed by a CFA with the remaining 50% to confirm the EFA factor structure. Measurement invariance of the factor structure was also examined across diagnosis, sex, race, age, and hospitalization status. The extant models were not generalizable to these data. However, a 4-factor (Affective, Positive, Negative, Disorganized Cognitive Processing) model was identified that retained all items and showed invariance across participant characteristics. It is possible to obtain a psychiatric symptoms factor structure that is generalizable across patient characteristics, which has clinical and research implications. Specifically, future research examining the impact of various interventions on psychiatric symptoms among adults with mental illnesses should confirm, and assuming good model-data fit, use the 4-factor model identified in this study.}, journal={Psychiatry Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Grimm, Kevin J. and Tueller, Stephen J. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Sellers, Brian G. and Swartz, Marvin S.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={83–90} }
@article{singh_arbach-lucioni_desmarais_hurducas_condemarin_dean_doyle_folino_godoy-cervera_grann_et al._2015, title={La práctica de la evaluación del riesgo de violencia en España}, volume={63}, ISSN={2357-3848 0120-0011}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v63n3.48225}, DOI={10.15446/revfacmed.v63n3.48225}, abstractNote={La valoración del riesgo de violencia es un requisito fundamental en la toma de decisiones profesionales que implican prevenir, intervenir o informar sobre la conducta de las personas. El uso de herramientas estructuradas mejora la precisión de las evaluaciones basadas en el juicio clínico en contextos psiquiátricos, penitenciarios y jurídicos. Este estudio presenta resultados de la primera encuesta sobre el uso de herramientas de evaluación del riesgo de violencia y sobre su utilidad percibida en España. Las escalas de psicopatía (PCL-R y PCL:SV) y el HCR-20 encabezaron la lista de las herramientas más usadas tanto por elección personal como por requisito institucional. Se ofrecen datos novedosos sobre las prácticas profesionales de evaluación del riesgo de violencia que pueden orientar a los profesionales que desempeñan su tarea en contextos sanitarios, correccionales y forenses, donde los instrumentos estructurados son frecuentemente usados para asistirlos en la toma de
decisiones.}, number={3}, journal={Revista de la Facultad de Medicina}, publisher={Universidad Nacional de Colombia}, author={Singh, Jay P and Arbach-Lucioni, Karin and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hurducas, Cristina and Condemarin, Carolina and Dean, Kimberlie and Doyle, Michael and Folino, Jorge O. and Godoy-Cervera, Verónica and Grann, Martin and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={357–366} }
@article{johnson_desmarais_swartz_van dorn_2015, title={Latent class analysis of discordance between results of drug use assessments in the CATIE data}, volume={161}, ISSN={0920-9964}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.016}, DOI={10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.016}, abstractNote={The primary aim is to examine concordant/discordant results of drug use assessments in adults with schizophrenia.Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine concordance/discordance between drug use measures and identify characteristics differentiating participants across classes.Four classes - non-users, users, probable users, and RIA discordant - fit best. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and psychiatric symptoms differed significantly across classes.Findings showed that discordance between results occurs at non-trivial rates and is, in part, attributable to individual characteristics. Results suggest the need for strategies to limit discordance and improve detection of drug use in adults with schizophrenia.}, number={2-3}, journal={Schizophrenia Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Johnson, Kiersten L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Swartz, Marvin S. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={434–438} }
@article{rade_desmarais_van dorn_lutnick_kral_lorvick_2015, title={Mental health correlates of drug treatment among women who use methamphetamine}, volume={24}, ISSN={1055-0496}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12279}, DOI={10.1111/ajad.12279}, abstractNote={Women comprise over one-third of people who use methamphetamine in the United States and have a higher prevalence of negative mental health consequences of methamphetamine use than men. Yet, few studies have investigated the mental health correlates of drug treatment among this population. We examined the relationship between mental disorders, mental health treatment, and drug treatment among women who use methamphetamine.We used respondent-driven sampling to recruit women who use methamphetamine (N = 322) for a survey about mental disorders, mental health treatment, drug use and treatment, and sociodemographic factors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.Bivariate analyses indicated that race/ethnicity, mental health treatment, and presence and number of mental disorders were associated with drug treatment. Multivariable analyses revealed that women who reported mental health treatment during a 6-month period had almost twice the odds of also reporting drug treatment than other women (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.25), after controlling for mental disorders and race/ethnicity.Among women who use methamphetamine, participation in one service system (mental health treatment) is a key factor in increasing the odds of participation in another service system (drug treatment). Further research should establish the temporal association between mental health and drug treatment.The present study demonstrates the association between mental health treatment and drug treatment, above and beyond presence or number of mental disorders, and provides direction for drug treatment providers seeking to improve treatment entry and participation among women who use methamphetamine.}, number={7}, journal={The American Journal on Addictions}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Rade, Candalyn B. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A. and Lutnick, Alexandra and Kral, Alex H. and Lorvick, Jennifer}, year={2015}, month={Aug}, pages={646–653} }
@article{gray_desmarais_cohn_doherty_knight_2015, title={Treating Opioid-Involved Criminal Justice Clients: An Examination of Mental Health Problems and Medication-Assisted Treatment}, volume={18}, number={6}, journal={Offender Programs Report}, author={Gray, J.S. and Desmarais, S.L. and Cohn, A.M. and Doherty, S. and Knight, K.}, year={2015}, month={Mar}, pages={81–88} }
@article{nielsen_mastrigt_otto_seewald_ruiter_rettenberger_reeves_rebocho_pham_mei yee ho_et al._2015, title={Violence Risk Assessment Practices in Denmark: A Multidisciplinary National Survey}, volume={21}, ISSN={2353-0707}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2015-0003}, DOI={10.1515/sjfs-2015-0003}, abstractNote={Abstract With a quadrupling of forensic psychiatric patients in Denmark over the past 20 years, focus on violence risk assessment practices across the country has increased. However, information is lacking regarding Danish risk assessment practice across professional disciplines and clinical settings; little is known about how violence risk assessments are conducted, which instruments are used for what purposes, and how mental health professionals rate their utility and costs. As part of a global survey exploring the application of violence risk assessment across 44 countries, the current study investigated Danish practice across several professional disciplines and settings in which forensic and high-risk mental health patients are assessed and treated. In total, 125 mental health professionals across the country completed the survey. The five instruments that respondents reported most commonly using for risk assessment, risk management planning and risk monitoring were Broset, HCR-20, the START, the PCL-R, and the PCL:SV. Whereas the HCR-20 was rated highest in usefulness for risk assessment, the START was rated most useful for risk management and risk monitoring. No significant differences in utility were observed across professional groups. Unstructured clinical judgments were reported to be faster but more expensive to conduct than using a risk assessment instrument. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science}, publisher={Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, author={Nielsen, Louise Hjort and Mastrigt, Sarah van and Otto, Randy K. and Seewald, Katharina and Ruiter, Corine de and Rettenberger, Martin and Reeves, Kim A. and Rebocho, Maria Fransisca and Pham, Thierry H. and Mei Yee Ho, Robyn and et al.}, year={2015}, month={Dec}, pages={103–110} }
@article{johnson_desmarais_van dorn_grimm_2014, title={A Typology of Community Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adults With Mental Illnesses}, volume={30}, ISSN={0886-2605 1552-6518}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260514535102}, DOI={10.1177/0886260514535102}, abstractNote={The primary objective of this article was to evaluate the overlap between community violence perpetration and victimization in a large, heterogeneous sample of adults with mental illnesses (N = 4,474). We also explored participant characteristics differentiating four categories of perpetration and victimization: non-victim/non-perpetrators, victims only, perpetrators only, and victim-perpetrators. Results indicated that adults with mental illnesses were unlikely to report violent outcomes but, when they did, were more likely to report perpetration and victimization, rather than perpetration alone. In addition, bivariate and multivariable analyses showed that sex, age, race/ethnicity, and primary diagnosis differed across categories. Victim-perpetrators, for example, were more likely to be young, Black, and have a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, substance use disorder, or "other." Altogether, our findings provide evidence for a victim-perpetrator overlap in this population and suggest that preventive measures targeting violence and victimization may be more effective than those with separate strategies for each.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Johnson, Kiersten L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A. and Grimm, Kevin J.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={522–540} }
@article{desmarais_van dorn_johnson_grimm_douglas_swartz_2014, title={Community Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adults With Mental Illnesses}, volume={104}, ISSN={0090-0036 1541-0048}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301680}, DOI={10.2105/ajph.2013.301680}, abstractNote={In a large heterogeneous sample of adults with mental illnesses, we examined the 6-month prevalence and nature of community violence perpetration and victimization, as well as associations between these outcomes.Baseline data were pooled from 5 studies of adults with mental illnesses from across the United States (n = 4480); the studies took place from 1992 to 2007. The MacArthur Community Violence Screening Instrument was administered to all participants.Prevalence of perpetration ranged from 11.0% to 43.4% across studies, with approximately one quarter (23.9%) of participants reporting violence. Prevalence of victimization was higher overall (30.9%), ranging from 17.0% to 56.6% across studies. Most violence (63.5%) was perpetrated in residential settings. The prevalence of violence-related physical injury was approximately 1 in 10 overall and 1 in 3 for those involved in violent incidents. There were strong associations between perpetration and victimization.Results provided further evidence that adults with mental illnesses experienced violent outcomes at high rates, and that they were more likely to be victims than perpetrators of community violence. There is a critical need for public health interventions designed to reduce violence in this vulnerable population.}, number={12}, journal={American Journal of Public Health}, publisher={American Public Health Association}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Grimm, Kevin J. and Douglas, Kevin S. and Swartz, Marvin S.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={2342–2349} }
@article{sellers_desmarais_tirotti_2014, title={Content and Framing of Male- and Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence in Print News}, volume={5}, ISSN={1946-6560 1946-6579}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.5.3.259}, DOI={10.1891/1946-6560.5.3.259}, number={3}, journal={Partner Abuse}, publisher={Springer Publishing Company}, author={Sellers, Brian G. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Tirotti, Melissa}, year={2014}, pages={259–278} }
@article{singh_desmarais_sellers_hylton_tirotti_van dorn_2014, title={From risk assessment to risk management: Matching interventions to adolescent offenders' strengths and vulnerabilities}, volume={47}, ISSN={0190-7409}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.015}, abstractNote={Though considerable research has examined the validity of risk assessment tools in predicting adverse outcomes in justice-involved adolescents, the extent to which risk assessments are translated into risk management strategies and, importantly, the association between this link and adverse outcomes has gone largely unexamined. To address these shortcomings, the Risk–Need–Responsivity (RNR) model was used to examine associations between identified strengths and vulnerabilities, interventions, and institutional outcomes for justice-involved youth. Data were collected from risk assessments completed using the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV) for 120 adolescent offenders (96 boys and 24 girls). Interventions and outcomes were extracted from institutional records. Mixed evidence of adherence to RNR principles was found. Accordant to the risk principle, adolescent offenders judged to have more strengths had more strength-based interventions in their service plans, though adolescent offenders with more vulnerabilities did not have more interventions targeting their vulnerabilities. With respect to the need and responsivity principles, vulnerabilities and strengths identified as particularly relevant to the individual youth's risk of adverse outcomes were addressed in the service plans about half and a quarter of the time, respectively. Greater adherence to the risk and need principles was found to predict significantly the likelihood of externalizing outcomes. Findings suggest some gaps between risk assessment and risk management and highlight the potential usefulness of strength-based approaches to intervention.}, number={P1}, journal={Children and Youth Services Review}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Singh, Jay P. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Sellers, Brian G. and Hylton, Tatiana and Tirotti, Melissa and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={1–9} }
@article{singh_desmarais_hurducas_arbach-lucioni_condemarin_dean_doyle_folino_godoy-cervera_grann_et al._2014, title={International Perspectives on the Practical Application of Violence Risk Assessment: A Global Survey of 44 Countries}, volume={13}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2014.922141}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2014.922141}, abstractNote={AbstractMental health professionals are routinely called upon to assess the risk of violence presented by their patients. Prior surveys of risk assessment methods have been largely circumscribed to individual countries and have not compared the practices of different professional disciplines. Therefore, a Web-based survey was developed to examine methods of violence risk assessment across six continents, and to compare the perceived utility of these methods by psychologists, psychiatrists, and nurses. The survey was translated into nine languages and distributed to members of 59 national and international organizations. Surveys were completed by 2135 respondents from 44 countries. Respondents in all six continents reported using instruments to assess, manage, and monitor violence risk, with over half of risk assessments in the past 12 months conducted using such an instrument. Respondents in Asia and South America reported conducting fewer structured assessments, and psychologists reported using instruments more than psychiatrists or nurses. Feedback regarding outcomes was not common: respondents who conducted structured risk assessments reported receiving feedback on accuracy in under 40% of cases, and those who used instruments to develop management plans reported feedback on whether plans were implemented in under 50% of cases. When information on the latter was obtained, risk management plans were not implemented in over a third of cases. Results suggest that violence risk assessment is a global phenomenon, as is the use of instruments to assist in this task. Improved feedback following risk assessments and the development of risk management plans could improve the efficacy of health services.Keywords: violencerisk assessmentsurveyinternationalmental health Notes1 Given the small sample size from Africa, it was excluded from continental analyses.2 Professionals who did not self-report as being psychologists, psychiatrists, or nurses (e.g., social workers, counsellors, probation officer, law enforcement officer) were excluded from these analyses.3 Findings concerning specific professional disciplines and continents are available upon request.4 Consistent with previous surveys on forensic risk assessment, we did not assume that the use of instruments that incorporate the PCL-R as an item necessarily meant that the PCL-R was used. For example, the HCR-20 authors have found that the scheme performs better without the PCL-R (Guy, Douglas, & Hendry, Citation2010) and the VRAG manual allows for prorating should this information be missing (Quinsey et al., Citation2006).Additional informationFundingThe research was funded by an American Psychology-Law Society Early Career Professional Grant. This sponsor had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Singh, Jay P. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hurducas, Cristina and Arbach-Lucioni, Karin and Condemarin, Carolina and Dean, Kimberlie and Doyle, Michael and Folino, Jorge O. and Godoy-Cervera, Verónica and Grann, Martin and et al.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={193–206} }
@article{desmarais_pritchard_lowder_janssen_2014, title={Intimate partner abuse before and during pregnancy as risk factors for postpartum mental health problems}, volume={14}, ISSN={1471-2393}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-132}, DOI={10.1186/1471-2393-14-132}, abstractNote={Although research has established the profound effects that intimate partner abuse can have on postpartum mental health, little is known regarding how this association may change as a function of the timing and type of abuse. This study examined associations of psychological, physical and sexual abuse experienced as adults before and during pregnancy with symptoms of postpartum mental health problems in a non-clinical sample of women. English-speaking mothers aged 18 years and older in the metropolitan area of a large, Western Canadian city were recruited to participate in a study of women’s health after pregnancy. The study was advertised in hospitals, local newspapers, community venues, and relevant websites. One-hundred women completed standardized, self-report questionnaires during semi-structured interviews conducted by female research assistants at approximately 2 months postpartum. In addition to questions about their general health and well-being, participants answered questions about their experiences of intimate partner abuse and about their mental health during the postpartum period. Almost two-thirds (61.0%) of women reported postpartum mental health symptoms above normal levels, with 47.0% reporting symptoms at moderate or higher levels. The majority reported some form of intimate partner abuse before pregnancy (84.0%) and more than two-thirds (70.0%), during pregnancy; however, the abuse was typically minor in nature. Multivariate models revealed that women who experienced intimate partner abuse—whether before or during pregnancy—reported higher levels of postpartum mental health problems; however, associations differed as a function of the timing and type of abuse, as well as specific mental health symptoms. Multivariate models also showed that as the number of types of intimate partner abuse experienced increased, so did the negative effects on postpartum mental health. Results of this study provide further evidence that intimate partner abuse is a risk factor for postpartum mental health problems. They also underscore the complex risks and needs associated with intimate partner abuse among postpartum women and support the use of integrated approaches to treating postpartum mental health problems. Future efforts should focus on the extent to which strategies designed to reduce intimate partner abuse also improve postpartum mental health and vice versus.}, number={1}, journal={BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L and Pritchard, Ashley and Lowder, Evan M and Janssen, Patricia A}, year={2014}, month={Apr} }
@article{morrissey_desmarais_domino_2014, title={Outpatient Commitment and Its Alternatives: Questions Yet to Be Answered}, volume={65}, ISSN={1075-2730 1557-9700}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201400052}, DOI={10.1176/appi.ps.201400052}, abstractNote={This Open Forum reviews research findings on outpatient commitment and alternative approaches, such as conditional hospital release and guardianship. Despite the accumulating evidence in favor of these practices, many questions remain about their essential elements and comparative effectiveness. The authors describe the strengths and shortcomings in existing studies and propose a research strategy that would take advantage of advances in methodologies, such as instrumental variables and propensity weighting, to design studies with a level of rigor comparable to that of randomized controlled trials. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) introduces many opportunities and resources to improve care; studies should also be undertaken to investigate use of outpatient commitment and alternative approaches in the post-ACA health care environment.}, number={6}, journal={Psychiatric Services}, publisher={American Psychiatric Association Publishing}, author={Morrissey, Joseph P. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Domino, Marisa E.}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={812–815} }
@article{livingston_desmarais_verdun-jones_parent_michalak_brink_2014, title={Perceptions and experiences of people with mental illness regarding their interactions with police}, volume={37}, ISSN={0160-2527}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2014.02.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijlp.2014.02.003}, abstractNote={This study examined the perceptions and lived experiences of people with mental illness in relation to their interactions with the police. A community-based participatory research approach was used and a procedural justice theoretical perspective guided the study. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted by peer researchers with 60 people with mental illness who had interacted with the police and were living in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Among the study participants, contact with the police was frequent and occurred under a diverse range of circumstances. The majority of participants perceived being treated in a procedurally just manner by the police officer(s) who were involved in their most recent interaction. Almost three-quarters (n=43, 72%) of participants were generally satisfied with how the police officer(s) had handled their most recent interaction. The slight majority of participants (n=30, 51%) rated their previous contacts with the police as a positive experience overall, with 32% (n=19) indicating that their previous interactions with the police were negative life experiences. The findings paint a more balanced picture than that which is often portrayed by the media. Emphasizing a procedural justice framework for police handling of situations involving people with mental illness is a vital step toward improving how these interactions are experienced and perceived.}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Law and Psychiatry}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Livingston, James D. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Verdun-Jones, Simon and Parent, Richard and Michalak, Erin and Brink, Johann}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={334–340} }
@article{desmarais_livingston_greaves_johnson_verdun-jones_parent_brink_2014, title={Police perceptions and contact among people with mental illnesses: Comparisons with a general population survey.}, volume={20}, ISSN={1939-1528 1076-8971}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/law0000023}, DOI={10.1037/law0000023}, abstractNote={Though studies have surveyed police officers' perceptions of people with mental illnesses (PMI), few have examined perceptions held by PMI regarding the police, and none have compared them with those held by the general population. This study sought to (a) examine perceptions of police held by PMI, (b) compare them to perceptions held by the general population, and (c) explore whether differences between PMI and general population perceptions are attributable to contact with the police in the past year. We drew data from a survey of 244 PMI and the 2009 Canadian General Social Survey (GSS) (Brennan, 2011). Both surveys administered the same items querying perceptions of and contact with the police in the prior 12 months. GSS participants were individually matched to PMI participants on sociodemographic characteristics (n = 225 per group). Overall, participants held fairly positive perceptions of the police, but perceptions held by GSS participants were more positive than those held by PMI participants. PMI participants were more likely than GSS participants to have contact with the police in the prior 12 months. In multivariate models, perceptions differed between PMI and GSS participants for police performance in being approachable and treating people fairly, and overall confidence in police; police contact was not associated with perceptions nor did it moderate effects of participant group. Consistent with the procedural justice framework, fair and equitable treatment appears to be of primary relevance to PMI perceptions of the police. Further efforts are needed to improve PMI perceptions of the police in these areas.}, number={4}, journal={Psychology, Public Policy, and Law}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Livingston, James D. and Greaves, Caroline L. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Verdun-Jones, Simon and Parent, Rick and Brink, Johann}, year={2014}, pages={431–442} }
@book{desmarais_lowder_rade_johnson_2014, place={Miami, FL}, title={Reinvestment Grant Program Evaluation Report.}, institution={11th Judicial District Criminal Mental Health Project}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Lowder, E.M. and Rade, C.B. and Johnson, K.L.}, year={2014}, month={Sep} }
@book{viljoen_cruise_nicholls_desmarais_webster_2014, place={Burnaby, Canada}, title={Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START: AV)}, publisher={Mental Health, Law & Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University}, author={Viljoen, J. and Cruise, K. and Nicholls, T.L. and Desmarais, S.L. and Webster, C.D.}, year={2014} }
@inbook{webster_brink_nicholls_desmarais_martin_2014, place={Boca Raton, FL}, title={Violence assessment over the short-term}, booktitle={Forensic psychiatry: Fundamentals and clinical practice}, publisher={CRC Press}, author={Webster, C.D. and Brink, J. and Nicholls, T.L. and Desmarais, S.L. and Martin, M.-L.}, editor={Purin, B. and Treasaden, I.Editors}, year={2014} }
@article{desmarais_van dorn_sellers_young_swartz_2013, title={Accuracy of self-report, biological tests, collateral reports and clinician ratings in identifying substance use disorders among adults with schizophrenia.}, volume={27}, ISSN={1939-1501 0893-164X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031256}, DOI={10.1037/a0031256}, abstractNote={Identifying substance use disorders among adults with schizophrenia presents unique challenges but is critical to research and practice. This study examined: (a) the accuracy of assessments completed using various approaches in identifying substance use disorders, (b) their ability to discriminate between disorders of abuse and dependence, and (c) the benefits of using multiple indicators to identify substance use disorders. Data are from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness study. The sample comprised 1,460 community-based adults with schizophrenia, 15.8% (n = 230) of whom were positive for a current (past month) drug or alcohol use disorder using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID). Clinician ratings, self-report, collateral reports, and results of hair and urine tests were compared to SCID diagnoses. Congruence with SCID diagnoses was good across approaches and evidence for superiority of one approach over another was limited. No approach discriminated between abuse and dependence. There was limited benefit of using multiple indicators. Findings suggest that the decision regarding the "best" approach for identifying substance use disorders among adults with schizophrenia may be made through consideration of practical issues and assessment purpose, rather than selection of the approach that yields the most accurate diagnostic assessment.}, number={3}, journal={Psychology of Addictive Behaviors}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A. and Sellers, Brian G. and Young, M. Scott and Swartz, Marvin S.}, year={2013}, pages={774–787} }
@article{janssen_desmarais_2013, title={Development and psychometric properties of the Early Labour Experience Questionnaire (ELEQ)}, volume={29}, ISSN={0266-6138}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.05.012}, DOI={10.1016/j.midw.2012.05.012}, abstractNote={to describe the development and psychometric properties of the Early Labour Experiences Questionnaire (ELEQ). randomized controlled trial. hospitals serving obstetric populations in metropolitan and suburban Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 423 healthy nulliparous women in labour at term with uncomplicated pregnancies. women were randomized to telephone support (n=241) or home visit (n=182) study groups and completed the ELEQ during the postpartum phase of their hospital stay. the ELEQ contains 26 self-report items, rated on a 5-point scale, that measure women's affective experience of early labour (14 items), perceptions of nursing care (12 items), whether they would recommend this type of early labour care to a friend (1 item), and whether they believed they went to the hospital at the right time (1 item). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether the items grouped together into subscales. The structural reliability of the extracted subscales and total scores were evaluated using a number of coefficients. To test criterion validity, we compared ELEQ item, subscale and total scores between the study groups. item and total scores showed significant variability. Factor analysis yielded three subscales: Emotional Well-Being, Emotional Distress and Perceptions of Nursing Care. The subscale and total scores showed good internal consistency and item homogeneity, and were interrelated in the expected direction. Items evidenced strong associations with the subscale and total scores. Comparisons between study groups offered some support for criterion validity. pending further validation, the ELEQ can contribute to the assessment of women's experiences with different aspects of maternity care, evaluation of the quality of maternity care, and improvement of maternity services.}, number={3}, journal={Midwifery}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Janssen, Patricia A. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={181–189} }
@book{desmarais_dutton_2013, place={Toronto, Canada}, title={Domestic violence: An overview for mental health practitioners}, journal={Law and mental disorder: A comprehensive and practical approach}, publisher={Irwin Law & Centre for Addiction and Mental Health}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Dutton, D.G.}, editor={Bloom, H. and Schneider, R.Editors}, year={2013} }
@article{van dorn_desmarais_tueller_jolley_johnson_swartz_2013, title={Drug and alcohol trajectories among adults with schizophrenia: Data from the CATIE study}, volume={148}, ISSN={0920-9964}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.006}, DOI={10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.006}, abstractNote={The primary aim is to describe drug and alcohol trajectories in adults with schizophrenia. Growth mixture models were used to examine disordered and non-disordered use and abstinence in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness study. Five classes – always abstinent; fluctuating use, abuse, and occasional abstinence; occasional (ab)use; stopped (ab)use; abusing – fit best. Overlap exists between always abstinent drug and alcohol classes; less overlap exists across other classes. There is heterogeneity in drug and alcohol use among adults with schizophrenia. The lack of overlap between classes, save always abstinent, suggests modeling drug and alcohol use separately.}, number={1-3}, journal={Schizophrenia Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Tueller, Stephen J. and Jolley, Jennifer M. and Johnson, Kiersten L. and Swartz, Marvin S.}, year={2013}, month={Aug}, pages={126–129} }
@article{van dorn_desmarais_petrila_haynes_singh_2013, title={Effects of Outpatient Treatment on Risk of Arrest of Adults With Serious Mental Illness and Associated Costs}, volume={64}, ISSN={1075-2730 1557-9700}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201200406}, DOI={10.1176/appi.ps.201200406}, abstractNote={Objective This study examined whether possession of psychotropic medication and receipt of outpatient services reduce the likelihood of posthospitalization arrest among adults with serious mental illness. A secondary aim was to compare service system costs for individuals who were involved with the justice system and those who were not. Methods Claims data for prescriptions and treatments were used to describe patterns and costs of outpatient services between 2005 and 2012 for 4,056 adult Florida Medicaid enrollees with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder after discharge from an index hospitalization. Multivariable time-series analysis tested the effects of medication and outpatient services on arrest (any, felony, or misdemeanor) in subsequent 30-day periods. Results A total of 1,263 participants (31%) were arrested at least once during follow-up. Monthly medication possession and receipt of outpatient services reduced the likelihood of any arrests (misdemeanor or felony) and of misdemeanor arrests. Possession of medications for 90 days after hospital discharge also reduced the likelihood of arrest. Prior justice involvement, minority racial-ethnic status, and male sex increased the risk of arrest, whereas older age decreased it. Criminal justice and behavioral health system costs were significantly higher for the justice-involved group than for the group with no justice involvement. Conclusions Routine outpatient treatment, including medication and outpatient services, may reduce the likelihood of arrest among adults with serious mental illness. Medication possession over a 90-day period after hospitalization appears to confer additional protection. Overall, costs were lower for those who were not arrested, even when they used more outpatient services.}, number={9}, journal={Psychiatric Services}, publisher={American Psychiatric Association Publishing}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Petrila, John and Haynes, Diane and Singh, Jay P.}, year={2013}, month={Sep}, pages={856–862} }
@article{de valk_de ruiter_folino_large_pham_reeves_condemarin_nielsen_rettenberger_mei yee ho_et al._2013, title={Het gebruik van risicotaxatie-instrumenten onder SPV-en. [The use of risk assessment tools by Dutch social psychiatric nurses]}, volume={33}, journal={Sociale Psychiatrie}, author={de Valk, S. and de Ruiter, C. and Folino, J.O. and Large, M.M. and Pham, T.H. and Reeves, K.A. and Condemarin, C. and Nielsen, L. and Rettenberger, M. and Mei Yee Ho, R. and et al.}, year={2013}, pages={33–42} }
@book{desmarais_murray_hill_2013, place={Tampa, FL}, title={Hillsborough County community domestic violence safety and accountability analysis}, institution={Family Justice Center of Hillsborough County and the Harrell Center for the Study of Domestic Violence}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Murray, N. and Hill, L.}, year={2013}, month={Aug} }
@book{morrissey_domino_desmarais_2013, place={Baltimore, MD}, title={Involuntary outpatient commitment: Current evidence and options}, url={https://tinyurl.com/yaev6tab}, institution={The Continuity of Care Panel, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene}, author={Morrissey, J.P. and Domino, M.E. and Desmarais, S.L.}, year={2013}, month={Oct} }
@article{van dorn_desmarais_swartz_scott young_sellers_2013, title={Letter to the Editor: Critique of Bahorik et al. () – 'Under-reporting of drug use among individuals with schizophrenia: prevalence and predictors'}, volume={44}, ISSN={0033-2917 1469-8978}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713002511}, DOI={10.1017/S0033291713002511}, abstractNote={An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.}, number={3}, journal={Psychological Medicine}, publisher={Cambridge University Press (CUP)}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Swartz, Marvin S. and Scott Young, M. and Sellers, Brian G.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={668–670} }
@article{singh_desmarais_van dorn_2013, title={Measurement of Predictive Validity in Violence Risk Assessment Studies: A Second-Order Systematic Review}, volume={31}, ISSN={0735-3936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2053}, DOI={10.1002/bsl.2053}, abstractNote={The objective of the present review was to examine how predictive validity is analyzed and reported in studies of instruments used to assess violence risk. We reviewed 47 predictive validity studies published between 1990 and 2011 of 25 instruments that were included in two recent systematic reviews. Although all studies reported receiver operating characteristic curve analyses and the area under the curve (AUC) performance indicator, this methodology was defined inconsistently and findings often were misinterpreted. In addition, there was between-study variation in benchmarks used to determine whether AUCs were small, moderate, or large in magnitude. Though virtually all of the included instruments were designed to produce categorical estimates of risk - through the use of either actuarial risk bins or structured professional judgments - only a minority of studies calculated performance indicators for these categorical estimates. In addition to AUCs, other performance indicators, such as correlation coefficients, were reported in 60% of studies, but were infrequently defined or interpreted. An investigation of sources of heterogeneity did not reveal significant variation in reporting practices as a function of risk assessment approach (actuarial vs. structured professional judgment), study authorship, geographic location, type of journal (general vs. specialized audience), sample size, or year of publication. Findings suggest a need for standardization of predictive validity reporting to improve comparison across studies and instruments.}, number={1}, journal={Behavioral Sciences & the Law}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Singh, Jay P. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A.}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={55–73} }
@book{desmarais_lowder_van dorn_cuddeback_2013, place={Raleigh, NC}, title={Mental Health Courts: The Evidence}, institution={Wake County Mental Health Court Steering Committee and members of the NC Legislature}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Lowder, E.M. and Van Dorn, R.A. and Cuddeback, G.}, year={2013}, month={Dec} }
@article{wilson_desmarais_nicholls_hart_brink_2013, title={Predictive validity of dynamic factors: Assessing violence risk in forensic psychiatric inpatients.}, volume={37}, ISSN={1573-661X 0147-7307}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000025}, DOI={10.1037/lhb0000025}, abstractNote={There is general consensus that dynamic factors ought to be considered in the assessment of violence risk, but little direct evidence exists to demonstrate that within-individual fluctuations in putative dynamic factors are associated with changes in risk. We examined these issues in a sample of 30 male forensic psychiatric inpatients using a pseudoprospective design. Static and dynamic factors were coded on the basis of chart review using 2 structured measures of violence risk: Version 2 of the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 (HCR-20; C. D. Webster, K. S. Douglas, D. Eaves, & S. D. Hart, 1997, HCR-20: Assessing risk for violence, Version 2, Vancouver, BC, Canada: Mental Health, Law, and Policy Institute, Simon Fraser University) and the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START; C. D. Webster, M. L. Martin, J. Brink, T. L. Nicholls, & S. L. Desmarais, 2009, Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability [START], Version 1.1, Coquitlam, BC, Canada: British Columbia Mental Health and Addiction Services). HCR-20 and START assessments were repeated every 3 months for a period of 1 year. Institutional violence in the 3 months following each assessment was coded using a modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale (S. C. Yudofsky, J. M. Silver, W. Jackson, J. Endicott, & D. W. Williams, 1986, The Overt Aggression Scale for the objective rating of verbal and physical aggression, The American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 143, pp. 35-39). Dynamic risk and strength factors showed predictive validity for institutional aggression. Results of event history analyses demonstrated that changes in dynamic risk factors significantly predicted institutional violence, even after controlling for static risk factors. This is one of the first studies to provide clear and direct support for the utility of dynamic factors in the assessment of violence risk.}, number={6}, journal={Law and Human Behavior}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Wilson, Catherine M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Hart, Stephen D. and Brink, Johann}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={377–388} }
@book{desmarais_singh_2013, title={Risk assessment instruments validated and implemented in correctional settings in the United States}, url={https://csgjusticecenter.org/publications/risk-assessment-instruments-validated-and-implemented-in-correctional-settings-in-the-united-states/}, institution={The Council of State Governments Justice Division, New York}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Singh, J.P.}, year={2013}, month={Mar} }
@article{webster_haque_augimeri_brink_cree_desmarais_gray_johnstone_martin_nicholls_et al._2013, title={Teaching and Researching SPJ Guides}, DOI={10.1002/9781118485545.ch15}, abstractNote={In this chapter, the authors focus on just one issue: How is some degree of consistency to be brought to bear in the conduct of these assessments? In short supply, though, are ideas on how best (i) to teach the use of these devices to individual practitioners (many of whom may view such “standardizations” as being too simplistic and, therefore, superfluous in their own particular cases) and (ii) to implement some specific SPJ scheme across whole mental health, forensic, or correctional services. At the end of the session, perhaps while participants are filling in their own evaluation forms, it can be helpful to complete some variation of the Training Risk Workshop (TRW) outlined as Appendix A to the chapter. This is, in effect, the time where the instructor can pause and reflect upon the possible success or otherwise of the training venture.}, journal={Violence Risk-Assessment and Management}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Webster, Christopher and Haque, Quazi and Augimeri, Leena and Brink, Johann and Cree, Adrian and Desmarais, Sarah and Gray, Nicola and Johnstone, Lorraine and Martin, Mary-Lou and Nicholls, Tonia and et al.}, year={2013}, month={Oct}, pages={123–137} }
@article{livingston_desmarais_greaves_parent_verdun-jones_brink_2013, title={What Influences Perceptions of Procedural Justice Among People with Mental Illness Regarding their Interactions with the Police?}, volume={50}, ISSN={0010-3853 1573-2789}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-012-9571-5}, DOI={10.1007/s10597-012-9571-5}, number={3}, journal={Community Mental Health Journal}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Livingston, James D. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Greaves, Caroline and Parent, Richard and Verdun-Jones, Simon and Brink, Johann}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={281–287} }
@article{janssen_desmarais_2013, title={Women's experience with early labour management at home vs. in hospital: A randomised controlled trial}, volume={29}, ISSN={0266-6138}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.05.011}, DOI={10.1016/j.midw.2012.05.011}, abstractNote={to compare experiences with early labour assessment and support at home vs. by telephone.a randomised controlled trial of nurse home visits vs. telephone support for assessment and support of women in early labour.hospitals serving obstetrical populations in metropolitan and suburban Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.healthy nulliparous women in labour at term with uncomplicated pregnancies participating in the third and fourth year of the trial.women were randomised to receive early labour assessment and support at home (n=241) and or to receive assessment and support by telephone (n=182).the Early Labour Experience Questionnaire (ELEQ), a 26-item self-administered questionnaire that measures women's experience with early labour care across three domains: emotional well-being, emotional distress and perceptions of nursing care.women who received home visits rated their early labour experience more positively overall compared to women who received telephone support (103.14 ± 12.45 vs. 99.67 ± 13.11, p<.01)including perceptions of nursing care that they received (38.64 ± 2.90 vs. 36.82 ± 4.09, p<.001). However, women's affective experiences did not differ.early labour nursing care provided at home is associated with a more positive experience of early labour compared to telephone support.}, number={3}, journal={Midwifery}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Janssen, Patricia A. and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={190–194} }
@article{van dorn_desmarais_scott young_sellers_swartz_2012, title={Assessing illicit drug use among adults with schizophrenia}, volume={200}, ISSN={0165-1781}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.028}, DOI={10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.028}, abstractNote={Accurate drug use assessment is vital to understanding the prevalence, course, treatment needs, and outcomes among individuals with schizophrenia because they are thought to remain at long-term risk for negative drug use outcomes, even in the absence of drug use disorder. This study evaluated self-report and biological measures for assessing illicit drug use in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness study (N=1460). Performance was good across assessment methods, but differed as a function of drug type, measure, and race. With the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R as the criterion, self-report evidenced greater concordance, accuracy and agreement overall, and for marijuana, cocaine, and stimulants specifically, than did urinalysis and hair assays, whereas biological measures outperformed self-report for detection of opiates. Performance of the biological measures was better when self-report was the criterion, but poorer for black compared white participants. Overall, findings suggest that self-report is able to garner accurate information regarding illicit drug use among adults with schizophrenia. Further work is needed to understand the differential performance of assessment approaches by drug type, overall and as a function of race, in this population.}, number={2-3}, journal={Psychiatry Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Scott Young, M. and Sellers, Brian G. and Swartz, Marvin S.}, year={2012}, month={Dec}, pages={228–236} }
@article{viljoen_beneteau_gulbransen_brodersen_desmarais_nicholls_cruise_2012, title={Assessment of Multiple Risk Outcomes, Strengths, and Change with the START:AV: A Short-Term Prospective Study with Adolescent Offenders}, volume={11}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2012.737407}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2012.737407}, abstractNote={The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV; Nicholls, Viljoen, Cruise, Desmarais, & Webster, 2010; Viljoen, Cruise, Nicholls, Desmarais, & Webster, in preparation) is a clinical guide designed to assist in the assessment and management of adolescents’ risk for adverse events (e.g., violence, general offending, suicide, victimization). In this initial validation study, START:AV assessments were conducted on 90 adolescent offenders (62 male, 28 female), who were prospectively followed for a three-month period. START:AV assessments had good to excellent inter-rater reliability and strong concurrent validity with Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth assessments (SAVRY; Borum, Bartel, & Forth, 2006). START:AV risk estimates and Vulnerability total scores predicted multiple adverse outcomes, including violence towards others, offending, victimization, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse. In addition, Strength total scores inversely predicted violence, offending, and street drug use. During the three-month follow-up, risk estimates changed in at least one domain for 92% of youth, and 27% of youth showed reliable changes in Strength and/or Vulnerability total scores (reliable change index, 90% confidence interval; Jacobsen & Truax, 1991). While these findings are promising, a strong need exists for further research on the START:AV, the measurement of change, and on the role of strengths in risk assessment and treatment planning.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Viljoen, Jodi L. and Beneteau, Jennifer L. and Gulbransen, Erik and Brodersen, Etta and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Cruise, Keith R.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={165–180} }
@article{desmarais_van dorn_telford_petrila_coffey_2012, title={Characteristics of START Assessments Completed in Mental Health Jail Diversion Programs}, volume={30}, ISSN={0735-3936}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2022}, DOI={10.1002/bsl.2022}, abstractNote={Many different instruments have been developed to assist in the assessment of risk for violence and other criminal behavior. However, there is limited evidence regarding how these instruments work in the 'real world'. Even less is known about how these instruments might work for assessing risk in jail diversion populations, whether in research or practice. To address these knowledge gaps, the present study examined the characteristics of risk assessments completed by program staff (n=10) on 96 mental health jail diversion clients (72 men and 24 women) using the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START). The findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of START assessments completed in jail diversion programs, the first evidence of the transportability of START outside psychiatric settings, and further evidence regarding the reliability and validity of START assessments completed in the field. They additionally support the consideration of an eighth, general offending risk domain in START assessments.}, number={4}, journal={Behavioral Sciences & the Law}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Van Dorn, Richard A. and Telford, Robin P. and Petrila, John and Coffey, Tim}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={448–469} }
@article{douglas_otto_desmarais_borum_2012, title={Clinical Forensic Psychology}, DOI={10.1002/9781118133880.hop202008}, abstractNote={Clinical forensic psychology involves assessment and treatment of persons involved in the legal process, or consultation on related matters. Although psychologists who conduct research in forensic contexts are faced with challenges that present themselves in any research context, they are also faced with some unique ones as well. Therefore, in addition to being well versed in general research design and methodological principles from clinical and experimental psychology, researchers must be aware of and responsive to the unique challenges they will face as a function of working in the legal process. In this chapter, we review (a) common areas of inquiry in clinical forensic psychology (descriptive assessment and psycholegal capacities, predictive assessment, and legally relevant diagnostic constructs and response styles); (b) general challenges to conducting research within these areas; and (c) specific research designs and methodological approaches that scholars effectively have employed within these areas.}, journal={Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition}, author={Douglas, Kevin S. and Otto, Randy K. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Borum, Randy}, year={2012}, month={Sep} }
@book{van dorn_haynes_desmarais_singh_petrila_2012, place={Tampa, FL}, title={Impact of service utilization over time on risk of arrest among adults with serious mental illness}, url={http://mhlp.fmhi.usf.edu/_assets/docs/ahca/2012%20220-153_VanDorn_Impact%20of%20Service%20Utilization%20Over%20Time%20on%20Risk%20of%20Arrest%20among%20Adults%20with%20Serious%20Mental%20Illness.pdf}, number={220-153}, journal={Florida Agency for Health Care Administration under contract MED134}, institution={Florida Agency for Health Care Administration / Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida}, author={Van Dorn, R.A. and Haynes, D. and Desmarais, S.L. and Singh, J. and Petrila, J.}, year={2012}, month={Sep} }
@article{desmarais_sellers_viljoen_cruise_nicholls_dvoskin_2012, title={Pilot Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of START:AV Assessments in Secure Juvenile Correctional Facilities}, volume={11}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2012.737405}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2012.737405}, abstractNote={The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV) is a new structured professional judgment guide for assessing short-term risks in adolescents. The scheme may be distinguished from other youth risk assessment and treatment planning instruments by its inclusion of 23 dynamic factors that are each rated for both vulnerability and strength. In addition, START:AV is also unique in that it focuses on multiple adverse outcomes-namely, violence, self-harm, suicide, unauthorized leave, substance abuse, self-neglect, victimization, and general offending-over the short-term (i.e., weeks to months) rather than long-term (i.e., years). This paper describes a pilot implementation and preliminary evaluation of START:AV in three secure juvenile correctional facilities in the southern United States. Specifically, we examined the descriptive characteristics and psychometric properties of START:AV assessments completed by 21 case managers on 291 adolescent offenders (250 boys and 41 girls) at the time of admission. Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of completing START:AV assessments as part of routine practice. Findings also highlight differences in the characteristics of START:AV assessments for boys and girls and differential associations between the eight START:AV risk domains. Though results are promising, further research is needed to establish the reliability and validity of START:AV assessments completed in the field.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Sellers, Brian G. and Viljoen, Jodi L. and Cruise, Keith R. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Dvoskin, Joel A.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={150–164} }
@article{van porn_desmarais_young_lee_swartz_2012, title={Poster #253 LONGITUDINAL SUBSTANCE USE TRAJECTORIES FOR PERSONS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA}, volume={136}, ISSN={0920-9964}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(12)71085-X}, DOI={10.1016/S0920-9964(12)71085-X}, journal={Schizophrenia Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Van Porn, Richard A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Young, M. Scott and Lee, Beoni and Swartz, Marvin S.}, year={2012}, month={Apr}, pages={S372} }
@article{desmarais_reeves_nicholls_telford_fiebert_2012, title={Prevalence of Physical Violence in Intimate Relationships, Part 1: Rates of Male and Female Victimization}, volume={3}, ISSN={1946-6560 1946-6579}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.140}, DOI={10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.140}, number={2}, journal={Partner Abuse}, publisher={Springer Publishing Company}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Reeves, Kim A. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Telford, Robin P. and Fiebert, Martin S.}, year={2012}, pages={140–169} }
@article{desmarais_reeves_nicholls_telford_fiebert_2012, title={Prevalence of Physical Violence in Intimate Relationships, Part 2: Rates of Male and Female Perpetration}, volume={3}, ISSN={1946-6560 1946-6579}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.170}, DOI={10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.170}, number={2}, journal={Partner Abuse}, publisher={Springer Publishing Company}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Reeves, Kim A. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Telford, Robin P. and Fiebert, Martin S.}, year={2012}, pages={170–198} }
@article{viljoen_cruise_nicholls_desmarais_webster_2012, title={Taking Stock and Taking Steps: The Case for an Adolescent Version of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability}, volume={11}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2012.737406}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2012.737406}, abstractNote={The field of violence risk assessment has matured considerably, possibly advancing beyond its own adolescence. At this point in the field's evolution, it is more important than ever for the development of any new device to be accompanied by a strong rationale and the capacity to provide a unique contribution. With this issue in mind, we first take stock of the field of adolescent risk assessment in order to describe the rapid progress that this field has made, as well as the gaps that led us to adapt the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START; Webster, Martin, Brink, Nicholls, & Desmarais, 2009) for use with adolescents. We view the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV; Nicholls, Viljoen, Cruise, Desmarais, & Webster, 2010; Viljoen, Cruise, Nicholls, Desmarais, & Webster, in progress) as complementing other risk measures in four primary ways: 1) rather than focusing solely on violence risk, it examines broader adverse outcomes to which some adolescents are vulnerable (including self-harm, suicide, victimization, substance abuse, unauthorized leave, self-neglect, general offending); 2) it places a balanced emphasis on adolescents’ strengths and vulnerabilities; 3) it focuses on dynamic factors that are relevant to short-term assessment, risk management, and treatment planning; and 4) it is designed for both mental health and justice populations. We describe the developmentally-informed approach we took in the adaptation of the START for adolescents, and outline future steps for the continuing validation and refinement of the START:AV.}, number={3}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Viljoen, Jodi L. and Cruise, Keith R. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Webster, Christopher D.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={135–149} }
@article{desmarais_nicholls_wilson_brink_2012, title={Using dynamic risk and protective factors to predict inpatient aggression: Reliability and validity of START assessments.}, volume={24}, ISSN={1939-134X 1040-3590}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026668}, DOI={10.1037/a0026668}, abstractNote={The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START; C. D. Webster, M. L. Martin, J. Brink, T. L. Nicholls, & S. L. Desmarais, 2009; C. D. Webster, M. L. Martin, J. Brink, T. L. Nicholls, & C. Middleton, 2004) is a relatively new structured professional judgment guide for the assessment and management of short-term risks associated with mental, substance use, and personality disorders. The scheme may be distinguished from other violence risk assessment instruments because of its inclusion of 20 dynamic factors that are rated in terms of both vulnerability and strength. This study examined the reliability and validity of START assessments in predicting inpatient aggression. Research assistants completed START assessments for 120 male forensic psychiatric patients through review of hospital files. They also completed Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 (HCR-20; C. D. Webster, K. S. Douglas, D. Eaves, & S. D. Hart, 1997) and Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV; S. D. Hart, D. N. Cox, & R. D. Hare, 1995) assessments. Outcome data were coded from hospital files for a 12-month follow-up period using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS; S. C. Yudofsky, J. M. Silver, W. Jackson, J. Endicott, & D. W. Williams, 1986). START assessments evidenced excellent interrater reliability and demonstrated both predictive and incremental validity over the HCR-20 Historical subscale scores and PCL:SV total scores. Overall, results support the reliability and validity of START assessments and use of the structured professional judgment approach more broadly, as well as the value of using dynamic risk and protective factors to assess violence risk.}, number={3}, journal={Psychological Assessment}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Wilson, Catherine M. and Brink, Johann}, year={2012}, pages={685–700} }
@book{brink_livingston_desmarais_michalak_verdun-jones_maxwell_parent_weaver_2011, place={Calgary, Alberta}, title={A study of how people with mental illness perceive and interact with the police}, url={https://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/sites/default/files/Law_How_People_with_Mental_Illness_Perceive_Interact_Police_Study_ENG_1_0_1.pdf}, institution={Mental Health Commission of Canada}, author={Brink, J. and Livingston, J. and Desmarais, S. and Michalak, E. and Verdun-Jones, S. and Maxwell, V. and Parent, R. and Weaver, C.}, year={2011}, month={Apr} }
@article{desmarais_read_2011, title={After 30 years, what do we know about what jurors know? A meta-analytic review of lay knowledge regarding eyewitness factors.}, volume={35}, ISSN={1573-661X 0147-7307}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10979-010-9232-6}, DOI={10.1007/s10979-010-9232-6}, abstractNote={Surveys typically characterize lay knowledge of eyewitness factors as low and highly variable. However, there are notable differences across methodologies, samples, and individual factors. To examine these differences systematically, we took a meta-analytic approach to reviewing the findings of 23 surveys assessing lay knowledge of eyewitness issues. Our analyses examined the beliefs of 4,669 respondents. Overall, respondents correctly agreed with survey items approximately two-thirds of the time. Results revealed significant differences in performance as a function of variable type, question format, and over time. We found few differences as a function of sample type, publication status, or jurisdiction. Although performance varied, a majority of lay respondents achieved "correct" consensus for as many as 11 of the 16 items included in this review.}, number={3}, journal={Law and Human Behavior}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Read, J. Don}, year={2011}, pages={200–210} }
@article{van dorn_andel_boaz_desmarais_chandler_becker_howe_2011, title={Risk of Arrest in Persons With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in a Florida Medicaid Program}, volume={72}, ISSN={0160-6689}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.10m06618}, DOI={10.4088/jcp.10m06618}, abstractNote={Article AbstractObjective: To examine (1) arrest outcomes for adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder who were treated with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) or second-generation atypical antipsychotics (SGAs) and (2) the interaction between medication class and outpatient services in a Florida Medicaid program. Method: In a secondary data analysis, Florida Medicaid data covering the period from July 1, 2002, to March 31, 2008, were used to identify persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder and to examine antipsychotic medication episodes lasting at least 60 days. There were 93,999 medication episodes in the population examined (N = 36,519). Medication episodes were coded as (1) SGA—aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, risperidone long-acting therapy, or ziprasidone; or (2) FGA—any other antipsychotic medication. Outpatient services were defined as the proportion of 30-day periods of each medication episode with at least 1 behavioral health visit. Survival analyses were used to analyze the data, and they were adjusted for the baseline propensity for receiving an SGA. Results: Second-generation antipsychotic episodes were not associated with reduced arrests compared to FGA episodes; however, the interaction between outpatient services and SGA episodes was significant (hazard ratio = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50-0.93; P = .02) such that an SGA episode with an outpatient visit during at least 80% of every 30-day period of the episode was associated with reduced arrests compared to SGA episodes with fewer outpatient services. There was no significant effect for concurrent FGA episodes and outpatient treatment (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.60-1.10; P = .18). Substance use, poor refill compliance, and prior arrest increased risk of subsequent arrest. Conclusions: The interaction between outpatient visits and treatment with SGAs was significantly associated with reduced arrests. These findings indicate the importance of concurrent antipsychotic medications and outpatient services to affect arrest outcomes for adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72(4):502-508Submitted: October 5, 2010; accepted January 14, 2011 (doi:10.4088/JCP.10m06618). Corresponding author: Richard Van Dorn, PhD, Department of Mental Health Law & Policy, Florida Mental Health Institute, College of Behavioral & Community Sciences, University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MHC 2718, Tampa, FL 33612 (rvandorn@fmhi.usf.edu).}, number={04}, journal={The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry}, publisher={Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc}, author={Van Dorn, Richard A. and Andel, Ross and Boaz, Timothy L. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Chandler, Kristen and Becker, Marion A. and Howe, Andrew}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={502–508} }
@book{janssen_desmarais_2010, series={Metropolis British Columbia Working Paper Series}, title={Assessment for intimate partner violence in the perinatal period: When, where, and what next?}, number={10-1510-15}, author={Janssen, P.A. and Desmarais, S.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, collection={Metropolis British Columbia Working Paper Series} }
@article{desmarais_gibas_nicholls_2010, title={Beyond Violence against Women: Gender Inclusiveness in Domestic Violence Research, Policy, and Practice}, DOI={10.4135/9781483349305.n9}, journal={Violent Crime: Clinical and Social Implications}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Desmarais, Sarah and Gibas, Andrea and Nicholls, Tonia}, year={2010}, pages={184–206} }
@article{desmarais_nicholls_read_brink_2010, title={Confidence and accuracy in assessments of short-term risks presented by forensic psychiatric patients}, volume={21}, ISSN={1478-9949 1478-9957}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789940903183932}, DOI={10.1080/14789940903183932}, abstractNote={Forensic mental health professionals are asked to estimate with appropriate confidence the likelihood of adverse outcomes. But what is an ‘appropriate’ level of confidence? We examined this question in the context of short-term assessments of risk for violence, suicide, self-harm, and unauthorized leave. Using the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START), treatment team members (n = 23) completed 331 assessments of 137 forensic psychiatric patients appearing before the British Columbia Review Board over a six-month period. Assessors additionally indicated confidence in the accuracy of their risk assessments. Clinical–legal outcome data were collected prospectively for one year using a modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS). Overall, assessors were highly confident in the accuracy of their assessments; however, analyses revealed few differences in accuracy as a function of confidence. When significant differences were observed, higher confidence was associated with lower predictive accuracy. Findings suggest that assessors may benefit from feedback regarding predictive validity of past assessments and speak to the importance of comprehensive and ongoing training in risk assessment.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Read, J. Don and Brink, Johann}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={1–22} }
@book{nicholls_viljoen_cruise_desmarais_webster_2010, place={Coquitlam, Canada}, title={Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START: AV)}, publisher={BC Mental Health & Addiction Services}, author={Nicholls, T.L. and Viljoen, J.L. and Cruise, K.R. and Desmarais, S.L. and Webster, C.D.}, year={2010} }
@article{wilson_desmarais_nicholls_brink_2010, title={The Role of Client Strengths in Assessments of Violence Risk Using the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)}, volume={9}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2010.534694}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2010.534694}, abstractNote={Despite significant advances in the field of violence risk assessment, we are limited in our understanding regarding the utility of existing measures for predicting violence risk over brief time frames (i.e., weeks to months) as well as by our focus on factors that increase risk to the neglect of those which may reduce risk or protect against future violence. To address these knowledge gaps, this study evaluated the use of a structured professional guide, the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START; Webster, Martin, Brink, Nicholls, & Middleton, 2004), in assessing short-term violence risk (i.e., up to one year) and, specifically, the role of client strengths in this process. Research assistants completed file-based START assessments for four 3-month intervals for 30 male forensic psychiatric inpatients. Information pertaining to aggressive incidents was obtained from files. Overall, results supported the usefulness of the START in assessing short-term violence risk. Assessments evidenced validity in predicting future violence, particularly over the short-term (i.e., up to 9 months). Although ratings of client strengths did not contribute uniquely to the prediction of violence risk, results support their clinical utility in risk management.}, number={4}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Wilson, Catherine M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Brink, Johann}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={282–293} }
@article{muller_desmarais_hamel_2009, title={Do Judicial Responses to Restraining Order Requests Discriminate Against Male Victims of Domestic Violence?}, volume={24}, ISSN={0885-7482 1573-2851}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-009-9261-4}, DOI={10.1007/s10896-009-9261-4}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Family Violence}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Muller, Henry J. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hamel, John M.}, year={2009}, month={Aug}, pages={625–637} }
@article{hamel_desmarais_nicholls_malley‐morrison_aaronson_2009, title={Domestic violence and child custody: are family court professionals' decisions based on erroneous beliefs?}, volume={1}, ISSN={1759-6599}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17596599200900011}, DOI={10.1108/17596599200900011}, abstractNote={If child custody decisions are based on erroneous beliefs, family courts may not be acting in the best interests of children. This study examined family court professionals' beliefs about family violence. Respondents (N = 410) of diverse professions, including child custody mediators, evaluators, and therapists, family law attorneys and judges, victim advocates and university students, completed a 10‐item multiple‐choice quiz. Results revealed low rates of correct responding, with respondents correctly answering approximately three out of 10 items on average, based on current research in the field. Overall, response rates were highly consistent with the discredited patriarchal paradigm. Shelter workers and victim advocates had the lowest average score, and men were found to have slightly higher scores than women. More troubling, students' scores were not significantly lower than those of family court professionals. Implications are discussed with respect to decision‐making in the context of child custody disputes.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research}, publisher={Emerald}, author={Hamel, John and Desmarais, Sarah and Nicholls, Tonia and Malley‐Morrison, Kathleen and Aaronson, Jon}, year={2009}, month={Jul}, pages={37–52} }
@article{desmarais_2009, title={Examining report content and social categorization to understand consistency effects on credibility.}, volume={33}, ISSN={1573-661X 0147-7307}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10979-008-9165-5}, DOI={10.1007/s10979-008-9165-5}, abstractNote={This experiment examined the importance of report content and the role of social categorization in consistency effects on perceived credibility. Community volunteers (N = 374) evaluated the credibility of an adult who described a common, mundane event (everyday event) or a highly unusual, emotional event (intimate partner abuse, IPA) with one of two levels of report consistency. Participants evaluated consistent complainants and persons reporting everyday events more favorably than inconsistent complainants and IPA complainants, respectively. Findings suggest that social categorization fully mediates content effects on credibility. Participants viewed persons reporting everyday events as more similar, more likely to belong to the same group as themselves, and more credible compared to complainants reporting IPA. Social categorization was a weaker mediator of the relationship between consistency and credibility.}, number={6}, journal={Law and Human Behavior}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2009}, pages={470–480} }
@book{don read_desmarais_2009, title={Expert Psychology Testimony on Eyewitness Identification: A Matter of Common Sense?}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921666454&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331974.003.006}, abstractNote={Abstract A review of the methods and outcomes of techniques used to assess levels of lay knowledge concerning the impact of various eyewitness factors on eyewitness identification. The results for thirty system and estimator variables in twenty-three surveys are summarized and compared to expert knowledge of the same factors. It is concluded that historic evaluations of lay knowledge are of limited utility because assessment procedures require continual monitoring to assure that lay knowledge is evaluated in an accurate and representative manner. Further, whereas the outcomes of direct method studies demonstrate that laypersons are very often aware of many unreliable aspects of eyewitness testimony, indirect methodologies have not provided equal optimism about such knowledge and the ability of lay persons to apply it to the case at hand. As a consequence, many current researchers argue that juror decisions may benefit from admissible expert eyewitness testimony in the courtroom.}, journal={Expert Testimony on the Psychology of Eyewitness Identification}, author={Don Read, J. and Desmarais, S.L.}, year={2009} }
@article{franqué_desmarais_nicholls_müller-isberner_2009, title={Kausalitätsmodelle zum Zusammenhang zwischen aggressivem Verhalten, Viktimisierung und versuchter Selbsttötung sowie relevante Risikofaktoren aus Sicht forensischer Patienten}, volume={92}, ISSN={2366-1968 0026-9301}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mks-2009-920504}, DOI={10.1515/mks-2009-920504}, number={5}, journal={Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform}, publisher={Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, author={Franqué, Fritjof von and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Müller-Isberner, Rüdiger}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={471–479} }
@article{read_desmarais_2009, title={Lay knowledge of eyewitness issues: A Canadian evaluation}, volume={23}, ISSN={0888-4080 1099-0720}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.1459}, DOI={10.1002/acp.1459}, abstractNote={Abstract Lay opinions concerning eyewitness topics were surveyed in three community samples of juror‐eligible participants in Canada. The scientific reliability of these topics had been previously evaluated by eyewitness experts. The first survey assessed participant responses to the identically worded expert items. Participants responded to many statements with greater accuracy than anticipated. Two subsequent surveys assessed the consistency of lay knowledge across variations in the directionality and wording of items and the provision of additional contextual information. Taken together, jury‐eligible participants frequently responded to survey items in ways that closely resembled the responses of experts and suggested awareness and understanding of these topics at levels beyond those previously obtained. Further, the provision of contextual information increased response accuracy and reduced the frequencies of ‘Don't Know’ responses. Deficiencies in knowledge for 50% of the topics were also apparent; however, these topics were frequently those for which the experts themselves had not reached consensus. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={3}, journal={Applied Cognitive Psychology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Read, J. Don and Desmarais, Sarah L.}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={301–326} }
@book{webster_martin_brink_nicholls_desmarais_2009, place={Coquitlam, Canada}, edition={Version 1.1}, title={Manual for the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)}, publisher={British Columbia Mental Health & Addiction Services}, year={2009} }
@inbook{desmarais_2009, place={Coquitlam, Canada}, edition={Version 1.1}, title={START research summary}, booktitle={Manual for the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)}, publisher={British Columbia Mental Health & Addiction Services}, author={Desmarais, S.L.}, editor={Webster, C.D. and Martin, M.-L. and Brink, J. and Nicholls, T.L. and Desmarais, S.L.Editors}, year={2009}, pages={89–104} }
@article{desmarais_hucker_brink_de freitas_2008, title={A Canadian Example of Insanity Defence Reform: Accused Found Not Criminally Responsible Before and After theWinkoDecision}, volume={7}, ISSN={1499-9013 1932-9903}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2008.9914399}, DOI={10.1080/14999013.2008.9914399}, abstractNote={This article reports on the effects of legislative reform on mentally disordered accused persons absolutely discharged from Review Boards in three Canadian jurisdictions. The sample included 592 accused randomly selected from all persons absolutely discharged in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Of these, 291 were absolutely discharged by provincial Review Boards in the three-year period prior to the landmark Winko decision and 301 in the three-year period following the decision. Analyses of information collected from Review Board files revealed few significant post-Winko changes, instead highlighting differences in practice and policy between jurisdictions. The only observed change in characteristics across jurisdictions was an increase in the prevalence of substance abuse disorders following Winko. No significant effects on outcomes were observed. Although the long-term effects of Winko remain to be seen, the effects appear to be minimal to date. Treating the Winko decision as a case example, discussion focuses on how findings of the present study may contribute to our understanding of the impact of policy and legislative reform on mentally disordered accused.}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Forensic Mental Health}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Hucker, Stephen and Brink, Johann and De Freitas, Karen}, year={2008}, month={Jan}, pages={1–14} }
@inbook{read_desmarais_2008, place={Thousand Oaks, CA}, title={Eyewitness memory, lay beliefs about}, DOI={10.4135/9781412959537.n116}, booktitle={Encyclopedia of psychology and law}, publisher={Sage}, author={Read, J.D. and Desmarais, S.L.}, editor={Cutler, B.L. and Zapf, P.A.Editors}, year={2008}, pages={300–304} }
@article{desmarais_price_read_2008, title={‘Objection, Your Honor! Television is not the relevant authority.’ Crime drama portrayals of eyewitness issues}, volume={14}, ISSN={1068-316X 1477-2744}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10683160701652583}, DOI={10.1080/10683160701652583}, abstractNote={Abstract Using a coding protocol based on a juror knowledge survey, this study focused on identifying changes, if any, in the prevalence and type of media portrayals of eyewitness issues over time in television crime dramas. Content of 263 episodes of 12 popular television crime dramas from the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s were coded for 35 specific eyewitness issues with respect to: (1) presence or absence, (2) type (e.g. explicit, implicit), and (3) meanings and implications of these presentations for eyewitness accuracy. Results demonstrated portrayals of eyewitness issues, and the broad topic of memory, generally increased since the 1980s, with prevalence highest in episodes from the 1990s. With rare exceptions, the meanings and implications of the presentation were not made explicit, but were implicitly depicted, inferred from character dialogue or episode events. In general, media portrayals failed to depict a relationship between eyewitness variables and memory accuracy, and, as a result of their omission, the relationships typically differed from those agreed upon by experts.}, number={3}, journal={Psychology, Crime & Law}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L. and Price, Heather L. and Read, J. Don}, year={2008}, month={Jun}, pages={225–243} }
@article{desmarais_reeves_2007, title={Gray, black, and blue: the state of research and intervention for intimate partner abuse among elders}, volume={25}, ISSN={0735-3936 1099-0798}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.763}, DOI={10.1002/bsl.763}, abstractNote={Though not as common as in younger populations, intimate partner abuse (IPA) among elders is a significant and often overlooked problem. In this article, we focus on problems for research and intervention. We begin with a brief review of the phenomena of elder abuse and IPA, highlighting problems resulting from definitional issues and inconsistencies in research methodology. The balance of the paper comprises a discussion of problems for intervention. Drawing from the IPA and elder abuse literatures, risk factors unique to IPA among elders are presented, and limitations of existing screening and risk assessment instruments for use within this context are identified. The focus then shifts to legal considerations when working with elders who have experienced or perpetrated IPA. Our goals are to synthesize the elder abuse and IPA literatures, identify limitations within both, and to reflect upon the state of knowledge regarding IPA among elders.}, number={3}, journal={Behavioral Sciences & the Law}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Desmarais, Sarah L and Reeves, Kim A}, year={2007}, pages={377–391} }
@article{desmarais_2007, title={Hard science, thin air and unexpected guests: a pluralistic model of rationality, knowledge and conjecture in child psychotherapy research}, volume={33}, ISSN={0075-417X 1469-9370}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00754170701667262}, DOI={10.1080/00754170701667262}, abstractNote={Abstract Psychoanalysis and child psychotherapy have traditionally sought to describe their relationship to science in a variety of ways. As a consequence, different strands of the research programme are underpinned by divergent methodological and epistemic assumptions. The perceived incommensurability of these positions sometimes hinders the development of an integrated research programme. This paper examines possibilities for redescribing child psychotherapy research in terms of a broad and pluralistic framework where clinical, empirical, conceptual and interdisciplinary research are aspects of a dynamic whole, and where rationality emerges from discursive processes that take place not only within but between traditions of investigation. The potential merits of this redescription are discussed with reference to the truth status of psychoanalytic knowledge, the characteristics of the child psychotherapy research terrain, the role of metaphor in a creative research culture, and the nature of grounds for theory choice.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Child Psychotherapy}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Desmarais, Sarah}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={283–307} }
@inbook{nonstad_kroppan_desmarais_webster_martin_2007, place={Coquitlam, Canada}, title={How to conduct a START multidisciplinary team assessment: A step-by-step guide}, booktitle={Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): Instructors’ guide and workbook (Version 2}, publisher={Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission}, author={Nonstad, K. and Kroppan, E. and Desmarais, S.L. and Webster, C.D. and Martin, M.-L.}, editor={Desmarais, S.L. and Webster, C.D. and Martin, M.-L. and Dassinger, C. and Brink, J. and Nicholls, T.L.Editors}, year={2007}, pages={18–19} }
@article{reeves_desmarais_nicholls_douglas_2007, title={Intimate Partner Abuse of Older Men: Considerations for the Assessment of Risk}, volume={19}, ISSN={0894-6566 1540-4129}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J084v19n01_02}, DOI={10.1300/J084v19n01_02}, abstractNote={SUMMARY Intimate partner abuse among older persons, though less common than among the general population, is a significant concern. Drawing from the intimate partner abuse and elder abuse literatures, this paper presents considerations for the assessment of risk for intimate partner abuse perpetrated against older men, with reference to the prevalent gendered view of abuse between intimate partners. Potential victim and perpetrator risk factors specific to this context are discussed and existing risk assessment tools are introduced. Implications and future research directions are discussed with regard to the application of risk assessment technology to this context.}, number={1-2}, journal={Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Reeves, Kim A. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Douglas, Kevin S.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={7–27} }
@article{hamel_desmarais_nicholls_2007, title={Perceptions of Motives in Intimate Partner Violence: Expressive Versus Coercive Violence}, volume={22}, ISSN={0886-6708 1945-7073}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088667007782312113}, DOI={10.1891/088667007782312113}, number={5}, journal={Violence and Victims}, publisher={Springer Publishing Company}, author={Hamel, John and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Nicholls, Tonia L.}, year={2007}, month={Oct}, pages={563–576} }
@book{desmarais_webster_martin_dassinger_brink_nicholls_2007, place={Coquitlam, Canada}, title={Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): Instructors’ guide and workbook (Version 2)}, publisher={Forensic Psychiatric Services Commission}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Webster, C.D. and Martin, M.L. and Dassinger, C. and Brink, J. and Nicholls, T.L.}, year={2007} }
@inbook{nicholls_desmarais_douglas_kropp_2007, place={London}, title={Violence risk assessments with perpetrators of intimate partner abuse}, booktitle={Family interventions in domestic violence : a handbook of gender-inclusive theory and treatment}, publisher={Springer}, author={Nicholls, T.L. and Desmarais, S.L. and Douglas, K.S. and Kropp, P.R.}, editor={Hamel, J. and Nicholls, T.L.Editors}, year={2007}, pages={275–301} }
@article{webster_nicholls_martin_desmarais_brink_2006, title={Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): the case for a new structured professional judgment scheme}, volume={24}, ISSN={0735-3936 1099-0798}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.737}, DOI={10.1002/bsl.737}, abstractNote={Abstract The Short‐Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) is a new structured professional judgment scheme intended to inform multiple risk domains relevant to everyday psychiatric clinical practice (e.g. risk to others, suicide, self‐harm, self‐neglect, substance abuse, unauthorized leave, and victimization). The article describes the processes involved in establishing an interdisciplinary approach to risk assessment and management. The authors present a review of the rationale for START, including the value of dynamic variables, the importance of strengths, and the extent to which clinicians must be attentive to multiple risk domains, reflecting theoretical and scientific evidence of the overlap among risks. Using the development, validation, and implementation of START as an example, the authors describe the processes by which other researchers, clinicians, and administrators could adapt existing assessment schemes or create new ones to bridge some remaining gaps in the risk assessment and management continuum. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.}, number={6}, journal={Behavioral Sciences & the Law}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Webster, Christopher D. and Nicholls, Tonia L. and Martin, Mary-Lou and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Brink, Johann}, year={2006}, pages={747–766} }
@article{nicholls_brink_desmarais_webster_martin_2006, title={The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)}, volume={13}, ISSN={1073-1911 1552-3489}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191106290559}, DOI={10.1177/1073191106290559}, abstractNote={A new assessment scheme-the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)- presents a workable method for assessing risks to self and others encountered in mentally and personality disordered clients. This study aimed to demonstrate (a) prevalence and severity of risk behaviors measured by the START, (b) psychometric properties of START, (c) similarities and differences in START scores across different mental health professionals, and (d) concurrent validity of START with diverse negative outcomes. Treatment team members completed the 20-item, dynamically focused START for 137 forensic psychiatric inpatients. Prevalence and severity of START risk domains were measured for 51 patients detained in the hospital for 1 year. Results revealed high rates of generally low-level adverse events. With some exceptions, START scores were meaningfully associated with outcomes measured by a modified Overt Aggression Scale.}, number={3}, journal={Assessment}, publisher={SAGE Publications}, author={Nicholls, Tonia L. and Brink, Johann and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Webster, Christopher D. and Martin, Mary-Lou}, year={2006}, month={Sep}, pages={313–327} }
@article{desmarais_2006, title={‘A space to float with someone’: 1 recovering play as a field of repair in work with parents of late-adopted children}, volume={32}, ISSN={0075-417X 1469-9370}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00754170600996879}, DOI={10.1080/00754170600996879}, abstractNote={Abstract Research has increasingly focused on play as a social rather than a solitary domain. Play is a stage on which conflicts and wishes may be expressed to a responsive and containing other. As a group, late-adopted latency children show high levels of inhibition, regression and catastrophe in play, and adoptive parents may find this hard to engage with. The current study undertook a qualitative analysis of transcripts from groups run in the development of an adoption-specific parenting programme that emphasises play as a form of communication. Results indicate that adoptive parents habitually coped with play using counterproductive strategies that were predominantly avoidant or controlling; the programme facilitated some suspension of these defences. These findings are discussed with reference to children in therapy and individual work with their parents, who may be enabled better to support play through exploring their own conflicts and assumptions. La recherche tend de plus en plus à étudier le jeu en tant que phénomène social plutôt que comme une activité solitaire. Le jeu est un théâtre pour exprimer des conflits et des désirs devant un Autre réceptif et contenant. Globalement parlant, les enfants en période de latence qui ont été adoptés tardivement témoignent, dans leurs jeux, d'un niveau élevé d'inhibition, de régression et d'éprouvés catastrophiques ; il est souvent difficile pour des parents adoptifs d'en supporter les vicissitudes. Cette étude porte sur l'analyse qualitative de comptes rendus de séances de groupe à objectif précis : il s'agit d'un programme, spécialement conçu pour des parents adoptifs, qui met l'accent sur le jeu en tant que moyen de communication. Les résultats montrent que, de façon générale, la stratégie des parents adoptifs face au jeu est contre-productive, car elle fait surtout appel à des processus d'évitement ou de maîtrise. Le programme a pu favoriser une certaine levée de ces défenses. L'auteur examine ces résultats en référence aux enfants en thérapie et au travail individuel avec leurs parents ; ceux-ci peuvent être aidés à mieux soutenir l'activité ludique grâce à l'exploration de leurs propres conflits et présupposés. Mots-clés: Adoption, enfants adoptés tardivement, attitudes parentales vis-à-vis du jeu, formation des parents, travail auprès des parents, jeu Riassunto: La ricerca si è sempre pi[ugrave] interessata al gioco come ad un campo sociale piuttosto che solitario. Il gioco è un palcoscenico sul quale conflitti e desideri possono essere comunicati ad un altro attento e capace di contenere. Come gruppo, i bambini adottati in età avanzata mostrano nel gioco alti livelli di inibizione, regressione e catastrofe, e per i genitori adottivi questo è difficile da affrontare. Lo studio riportato si basa su un'analisi qualitativa di trascrizioni di gruppi condotti in un programma per genitori specifico sull'adozione che enfatizzava il gioco come forma di comunicazione. I risultati mostrano che i genitori adottivi di solito affrontano il gioco utilizzando strategie controproducenti nella maggior parte dei casi di evitamento o di controllo; il programma ha favorito in parte la sospensione di queste difese. Questi risultati vengono discussi con riferimento ai bambini in terapia ed al lavoro individuale con i genitori che con l'esplorazione dei loro propri conflitti e pensieri riescono a sostenere meglio il gioco. Parole chiave: adozione, bambini in età avanzata, atteggiamento genitoriale verso il gioco, educazione genitoriale, lavoro con genitori, gioco Zunehmend hat die Forschung Spielen als eine mehr soziale Domäne, nicht als Einzelbeschäftigung betont. Spiel ist eine Bühne, wo Konflikte und Wünsche zu einem anderen Beteiligten und Aufnehmenden ausgedrückt werden können. Als Gruppe betrachtet, zeigen spät adoptierte Kinder einen hohen Grad an Hemmung, Regression und Katatrophen im Spiel and Adoptiveltern können es manchmal schwer finden, sich darauf einzulassen. In der Studie hier wurde eine qualitative Analyse von Transkripten vorgenommen von Gruppen, die innerhalb der Entwicklung eines Elternprogramms stattfanden, das adoptionsspezifisch war und das Spiel als eine Form der Kommunikation betonte. Die Ergebnisse indizieren, dass Adoptiveltern gewöhnlich mit Spiel so umgingen, dass sie kontraproduktive Strategien benutzten, die vor allem vermeiden und kontrollierend sind. Das Programm ermöglichte eine Aufhebung dieser Abwehrhaltungen. Es werden die Ergebnisse mit Bezug auf Kinder in Therapie und in Bezug auf individuelle Arbeit mit ihren Eltern diskutiert, denen besser geholfen werden kann, das Spiel zu unterstützen, wenn sie ihre eigenen Konflikte und Annahmen explorieren. Keywords: Adoption, spät adoptierte Kinder, elterliche Haltungen bezüglich Spiel, Elternschulung, Elternarbeit, Spiel}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Child Psychotherapy}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Desmarais, Sarah}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={349–364} }
@book{desmarais_hucker_2005, place={Ottawa, Canada}, title={Multi-site follow-up study of mentally disordered accused: An examination of individuals found Not Criminally Responsible and Unfit to Stand Trial}, institution={Research and Statistics Division of the Department of Justice}, author={Desmarais, S.L. and Hucker, S.}, year={2005}, month={Jun} }
@book{nicholls_koch_desmarais_kropp_2005, place={North Vancouver, Canada}, title={Women’s health and decision-making in abusive relationships: A study to prevent violence against women}, institution={Lions Gate Healthcare Research Foundation}, author={Nicholls, T.L. and Koch, W.J. and Desmarais, S.L. and Kropp, P.R.}, year={2005}, month={Jan} }
@article{desmarais_yarmey_2004, title={Judgements of deception and accuracy of performance in eyewitness testimony}, volume={2}, number={1}, journal={Canadian Journal of Police and Security Services}, author={Desmarais, S. and Yarmey, A.D.}, year={2004}, pages={13–22} }