@misc{middleton_2007, title={A stranger and a sojourner: Peter Caulder, free black frontiersman in antebellum Arkansas.}, volume={53}, number={1}, journal={Civil War History}, author={Middleton, S.}, year={2007}, pages={71–73} }
 @book{middleton_2005, title={The Black laws in the Old Northwest}, ISBN={0821416235}, publisher={Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press}, author={Middleton, S.}, year={2005} }
 @book{middleton_smith_2002, title={Black congressmen during Reconstruction: A documentary sourcebook}, ISBN={0313322813}, publisher={Westport, CT: Greenwood Press}, author={Middleton, S. and Smith, J. D.}, year={2002} }
 @misc{middleton_2000, title={But for Birmingham: The local and national movements in the civil rights struggle / Glenn T. Eskew.}, number={2000 Spring}, journal={Journal of Mississippi History}, author={Middleton, S.}, year={2000}, pages={339–401} }
 @misc{middleton_2000, title={The Salmon P. Chase papers, volume 5: Correspondence, 1865-1873}, volume={124}, number={1-2}, journal={Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography}, author={Middleton, S.}, year={2000}, pages={225–227} }
 @misc{middleton_1999, title={The Pullman case: the clash of labor and capital in industrial America / David Ray Papke.}, number={1999 Winter}, journal={Journal of Illinois History}, author={Middleton, S.}, year={1999}, pages={314} }
 @book{middleton_1993, title={The Black laws in the Old Northwest}, ISBN={0313280169}, publisher={Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press}, author={Middleton, S.}, year={1993} }