Stith Gower

Forrester, J. A., Fraver, S., Mladenoff, D. J., Gower, S. T., D'Amato, A. W., & Lindner, D. L. (2023, April 10). Experimental Evidence that Forest Structure Controls Detrital Decomposition. ECOSYSTEMS, Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00841-5

Perreault, L., Forrester, J. A., Mladenoff, D. J., & Gower, S. T. (2021, August 6). Linking deadwood and soil GHG fluxes in a second growth north temperate deciduous forest (Upper Midwest USA). BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, Vol. 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00839-y

Hunt, N. D., Gower, S. T., Nadelhoffer, K., Lajtha, K., Townsend, K., & Brye, K. R. (2016). Validation of an agroecosystem process model (AGRO-BGC) on annual and perennial bioenergy feedstocks. ECOLOGICAL MODELLING, 321, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.10.029

Nunes, L., Gower, S. T., Peckham, S. D., Magalhaes, M., Lopes, D., & Rego, F. C. (2015). Estimation of productivity in pine and oak forests in northern Portugal using Biome-BGC. FORESTRY, 88(2), 200–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpu044

Donovan, S., Eaton, C. D., Gower, S. T., Jenkins, K. P., LaMar, M. D., Poli, D. B., … Wojdak, J. M. (2015). QUBES: a community focused on supporting teaching and learning in quantitative biology. Letters in Biomathematics, 2(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/23737867.2015.1049969

Lewandowski, T. E., Forrester, J. A., Mladenoff, D. J., Stoffel, J. L., Gower, S. T., D’Amato, A. W., & Balser, T. C. (2015). Soil microbial community response and recovery following group selection harvest: Temporal patterns from an experimental harvest in a US northern hardwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 340, 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FORECO.2014.12.012

Forrester, J. A., Mladenoff, D. J., D'Amato, A. W., Fraver, S., Lindner, D. L., Brazee, N. J., … Gower, S. T. (2015). Temporal trends and sources of variation in carbon flux from coarse woody debris in experimental forest canopy openings. OECOLOGIA, 179(3), 889–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3393-4

Wang, F., Mladenoff, D. J., Forrester, J. A., Blanco, J. A., Scheller, R. M., Peckham, S. D., … Gower, S. T. (2014). Multimodel simulations of forest harvesting effects on long-term productivity and CN cycling in aspen forests. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, 24(6), 1374–1389. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0888.1

Forrester, J. A., Lorimer, C. G., Dyer, J. H., Gower, S. T., & Mladenoff, D. J. (2014). Response of tree regeneration to experimental gap creation and deer herbivory in north temperate forests. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 329, 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.025

Vogel, J. G., Bronson, D., Gower, S. T., & Schuur, E. A. G. (2014). The response of root and microbial respiration to the experimental warming of a boreal black spruce forest. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 44(8), 986–993. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0056

Nunes, L., Lopes, D., Rego, F. C., & Gower, S. T. (2013). Aboveground biomass and net primary production of pine, oak and mixed pine-oak forests on the Vila Real district, Portugal. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 305, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.034

Forrester, J. A., Mladenoff, D. J., & Gower, S. T. (2013). Experimental Manipulation of Forest Structure: Near-Term Effects on Gap and Stand Scale C Dynamics. ECOSYSTEMS, 16(8), 1455–1472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9695-7

Nunes, L., Gower, S. T., Monteiro, M. L., Lopes, D., & Rego, F. C. (2013). Growth dynamics and productivity of pure and mixed Castanea sativa Mill. and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco plantations in northern Portugal. IFOREST-BIOGEOSCIENCES AND FORESTRY, 7, 92–102. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1087-007

Peckham, S. D., Gower, S. T., Perry, C. H., Wilson, B. T., & Stueve, K. M. (2013). Modeling harvest and biomass removal effects on the forest carbon balance of the Midwest, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY, 25, 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.006

Peckham, S. D., & Gower, S. T. (2013). Simulating the effects of harvest and biofuel production on the forest system carbon balance of the Midwest, USA. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY, 5(4), 431–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12033

Serbin, S. P., Ahl, D. E., & Gower, S. T. (2013). Spatial and temporal validation of the MODIS LAI and FPAR products across a boreal forest wildfire chronosequence. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 133, 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.01.022

Bond-Lamberty, B., Bronson, D., Bladyka, E., & Gower, S. T. (2012). Corrigendum to “A comparison of trenched plot techniques for partitioning soil respiration” [Soil Biol. Biochem. 43 (10) (2011) 2108–2114]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 47, 220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.003

Peckham, S., Gower, S. T., & Buongiorno, J. (2012). Estimating the carbon budget and maximizing future carbon uptake for a temperate forest region in the U.S. Carbon Balance and Management, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-7-6

Forrester, J. A., Mladenoff, D. J., Gower, S. T., & Stoffel, J. L. (2012). Interactions of temperature and moisture with respiration from coarse woody debris in experimental forest canopy gaps. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 265, 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.038

Bond-Lamberty, B., Bronson, D., Bladyka, E., & Gower, S. T. (2011). A comparison of trenched plot techniques for partitioning soil respiration. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 43(10), 2108–2114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.011

Van Herk, I. G., Gower, S. T., Bronson, D. R., & Tanner, M. S. (2011). Effects of climate warming on canopy water dynamics of a boreal black spruce plantation. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 41(2), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1139/x10-196

Bond-Lamberty, B., Gower, S. T., Amiro, B., & Ewers, B. E. (2011). Measurement and modelling of bryophyte evaporation in a boreal forest chronosequence. ECOHYDROLOGY, 4(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.118

Peckham, S. D., & Gower, S. T. (2011). Simulated long-term effects of harvest and biomass residue removal on soil carbon and nitrogen content and productivity for two Upper Great Lakes forest ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY, 3(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01067.x

Bronson, D. R., & Gower, S. T. (2010). Ecosystem warming does not affect photosynthesis or aboveground autotrophic respiration for boreal black spruce. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 30(4), 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq001

Dyer, J. H., Gower, S. T., Forrester, J. A., Lorimer, C. G., Mladenoff, D. J., & Burton, J. I. (2010). Effects of selective tree harvests on aboveground biomass and net primary productivity of a second-growth northern hardwood forest. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 40(12), 2360–2369. https://doi.org/10.1139/x10-184

Stoffel, J. L., Gower, S. T., Forrester, J. A., & Mladenoff, D. J. (2010). Effects of winter selective tree harvest on soil microclimate and surface CO2 flux of a northern hardwood forest. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 259(3), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.004

Peckham, S. D., Ahl, D. E., & Gower, S. T. (2009). Bryophyte cover estimation in a boreal black spruce forest using airborne lidar and multispectral sensors. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 113(6), 1127–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.02.008

Serbin, S. P., Gower, S. T., & Ahl, D. E. (2009). [Review of Canopy dynamics and phenology of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence]. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, 149(1), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.08.001

Bronson, D. R., Gower, S. T., Tanner, M., & Van Herk, I. (2009). Effect of ecosystem warming on boreal black spruce bud burst and shoot growth. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 15(6), 1534–1543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01845.x

Bond-Lamberty, B., Peckham, S. D., Gower, S. T., & Ewers, B. E. (2009). Effects of fire on regional evapotranspiration in the central Canadian boreal forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 15(5), 1242–1254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01776.x

Gower, S. T. (2008). Are horses responsible for introducing non-native plants along forest trails in the eastern United States? FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 256(5), 997–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.012

Vogel, J. G., Bond-Lamberty, B. P., Schuur, E. A. G., Gower, S. T., Mack, M. C., Kari E. B. O'Connell, … Ruess, R. W. (2008). Carbon allocation in boreal black spruce forests across regions varying in soil temperature and precipitation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 14(7), 1503–1516. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01600.x

Bond-Lamberty, B., & Gower, S. T. (2008). Decomposition and fragmentation of coarse woody debris: Re-visiting a boreal black spruce chronosequence. ECOSYSTEMS, 11(6), 831–840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9163-y

Peckham, S. D., Ahl, D. E., Serbin, S. P., & Gower, S. T. (2008). Fire-induced changes in green-up and leaf maturity of the Canadian boreal forest. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 112(9), 3594–3603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.016

Bronson, D. R., Gower, S. T., Tanner, M., Linder, S., & Van Herk, I. (2008). Response of soil surface CO2 flux in a boreal forest to ecosystem warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 14(4), 856–867. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01508.x

Bond-Lamberty, B., & Gower, S. T. (2007). Estimation of stand-level leaf area for boreal bryophytes. OECOLOGIA, 151(4), 584–592. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0619-5

Bond-Lamberty, B., Peckham, S. D., Ahl, D. E., & Gower, S. T. (2007). Fire as the dominant driver of central Canadian boreal forest carbon balance. NATURE, 450(7166), 89-+. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06272

Bond-Lamberty, B., Gower, S. T., & Ahl, D. E. (2007). Improved simulation of poorly drained forests using Biome-BGC. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 27(5), 703–715. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.5.703

Martin, J. L., & Gower, S. T. (2006). Boreal mixedwood tree growth on contrasting soils and disturbance types. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 36(4), 986–995. https://doi.org/10.1139/x05-306

Turner, D. P., Ritts, W. D., Cohen, W. B., Gower, S. T., Running, S. W., Zhao, M., … Ahl, D. E. (2006). Evaluation of MODIS NPP and GPP products across multiple biomes. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 102(3-4), 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.017

Cohen, W. B., Maiersperger, T. K., Turner, D. P., Ritts, W. D., Pflugmacher, D., Kennedy, R. E., … Gower, S. T. (2006). MODIS land cover and LAI collection 4 product quality across nine sites in the western hemisphere. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 44(7), 1843–1857. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2006.876026

Yang, W. Z., Tan, B., Huang, D., Rautiainen, M., Shabanov, N. V., Wang, Y., … Myneni, R. B. (2006). MODIS leaf area index products: From validation to algorithm improvement. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44(7), 1885–1898. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2006.871215

Ahl, D. E., Gower, S. T., Burrows, S. N., Shabanov, N. V., Myneni, R. B., & Knyazikhin, Y. (2006). Monitoring spring canopy phenology of a deciduous broadleaf forest using MODIS. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 104(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.003

Bond-Lamberty, B., Gower, S. T., Wang, C., Cyr, P., & Veldhuis, H. (2006). Nitrogen dynamics of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, 81(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9025-7

Bond-Lamberty, B., Gower, S. T., Goulden, M. L., & McMillan, A. (2006). Simulation of boreal black spruce chronosequences: Comparison to field measurements and model evaluation. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES, 111(G2). https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000123

Bond-Lamberty, B., Brown, K. M., Goranson, C., & Gower, S. T. (2006). Spatial dynamics of soil moisture and temperature in a black spruce boreal chronosequence. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 36(11), 2794–2802. https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-160

Shabanov, N. V., Huang, D., Yang, W. Z., Tan, B., Knyazikhin, Y., Myneni, R. B., … Shimabukuro, Y. E. (2005). Analysis and optimization of the MODIS leaf area index algorithm retrievals over broadleaf forests. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 43(8), 1855–1865. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2005.852477

Martin, J. L., Gower, S. T., Plaut, J., & Holmes, B. (2005). Carbon pools in a boreal mixedwood logging chronosequence. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 11(11), 1883–1894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01019.x

Berterretche, M., Hudak, A. T., Cohen, W. B., Maiersperger, T. K., Gower, S. T., & Dungan, J. (2005). Comparison of regression and geostatistical methods for mapping Leaf Area Index (LAI) with Landsat ETM+ data over a boreal forest. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 96(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.014

Wang, C. K., Feldkirchner, D. C., Gower, S. T., Ferris, J., & Kruger, E. L. (2005). Effects of amendments of paper mill sludge and nutrients on soil surface CO2 flux in northern hardwood forests. Journal of Forestry Research, 16(4), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02858186

Ewers, B. E., Gower, S. T., Bond-Lamberty, B., & Wang, C. K. (2005). Effects of stand age and tree species on canopy transpiration and average stomatal conductance of boreal forests. PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT, 28(5), 660–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01312.x

White, M. K., Gower, S. T., & Ahl, D. E. (2005). Life cycle inventories of roundwood production in northern Wisconsin: Inputs into an industrial forest carbon budget. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 219(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.039

Bond-Lamberty, B., Gower, S. T., Ahl, D. E., & Thornton, P. E. (2005). Reimplementation of the Biome-BGC model to simulate successional change. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 25(4), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/25.4.413

Turner, D. P., Ritts, W. D., Cohen, W. B., Maeirsperger, T. K., Gower, S. T., Kirschbaum, A. A., … Gamon, J. A. (2005). Site-level evaluation of satellite-based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 11(4), 666–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00936.x

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C. K., & Gower, S. T. (2005). Spatiotemporal measurement and modeling of stand-level boreal forest soil temperatures. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, 131(1-2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.04.008

Ahl, D. E., Gower, S. T., Mackay, D. S., Burrows, S. N., Norman, J. M., & Diak, G. R. (2005). The effects of aggregated land cover data on estimating NPP in northern Wisconsin. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 97(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.016

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C. K., & Gower, S. T. (2004). [Review of A global relationship between the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration?]. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 10(10), 1756–1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00816.x

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C. K., & Gower, S. T. (2004). Contribution of root respiration to soil surface CO2 flux in a boreal black spruce chronosequence. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 24(12), 1387–1395. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.12.1387

Howard, E. A., Gower, S. T., Foley, J. A., & Kucharik, C. J. (2004). [Review of Effects of logging on carbon dynamics of a jack pine forest in Saskatchewan, Canada]. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 10(8), 1267–1284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00804.x

Ahl, D. E., Gower, S. T., Mackay, D. S., Burrows, S. N., Norman, J. M., & Diak, G. R. (2004). Heterogeneity of light use efficiency in a northern Wisconsin forest: implications for modeling net primary production with remote sensing. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 93(1-2), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.07.003

Lee, K. S., Cohen, W. B., Kennedy, R. E., Maiersperger, T. K., & Gower, S. T. (2004). Hyperspectral versus multispectral data for estimating leaf area index in four different biomes. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 91(3-4), 508–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.010

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C. K., & Gower, S. T. (2004). [Review of Net primary production and net ecosystem production of a boreal black spruce wildfire chronosequence]. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 10(4), 473–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.0742.x

Turner, D. P., Urbanski, S., Bremer, D., Wofsy, S. C., Meyers, T., Gower, S. T., & Gregory, M. (2003). A cross-biome comparison of daily light use efficiency for gross primary production. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 9(3), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00573.x

Cohen, W. B., Maiersperger, T. K., Gower, S. T., & Turner, D. P. (2003). An improved strategy for regression of biophysical variables and Landsat ETM+ data. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 84(4), 561–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(02)00173-6

Mackay, D. S., Samanta, S., Ahl, D. E., Ewers, B. E., & Gower, S. T. (2003). Automated parameterization of land surface process models using fuzzy logic. Transactions in GIS, 7(1), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9671.00134

Wang, C. K., Bond-Lamberty, B., & Gower, S. T. (2003). Carbon distribution of a well- and poorly-drained black spruce fire chronosequence. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 9(7), 1066–1079. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00645.x

KEB O'Connell, Gower, S. T., & Norman, J. M. (2003). Comparison of net primary production and light-use dynamics of two boreal black spruce forest communities. ECOSYSTEMS, 6(3), 236–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00021510

Cohen, W. B., Maiersperger, T. K., Yang, Z. Q., Gower, S. T., Turner, D. P., Ritts, W. D., … Running, S. W. (2003). Comparisons of land cover and LAI estimates derived from ETM plus and MODIS for four sites in North America: a quality assessment of 2000/2001 provisional MODIS products. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 88(3), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.006

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Gower, S. T., & Bundy, L. G. (2003). Effects of management practices on annual net N-mineralization in a restored prairie and maize agroecosystems. Biogeochemistry, 63(2), 135–160.

Feldkirchner, D. C., Wang, C., Gower, S. T., Kruger, E. L., & Ferris, J. (2003). Effects of nutrient and paper mill biosolids amendments on the growth and nutrient status of hardwood forests. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 177(1-3), 95–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(02)00318-3

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Gower, S. T., & Bundy, L. G. (2003). Methodological limitations and N-budget differences among a restored tallgrass prairie and maize agroecosystems. AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT, 97(1-3), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(03)00067-7

KEB O'Connell, Gower, S. T., & Norman, J. M. (2003). Net ecosystem production of two contrasting boreal black spruce forest communities. ECOSYSTEMS, 6(3), 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00021511

Gower, S. T. (2003). [Review of Patterns and mechanisms of the forest carbon cycle]. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, 28, 169–204. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105515

Mackay, D. S., Ahl, D. E., Ewers, B. E., Samanta, S., Gower, S. T., & Burrows, S. N. (2003). Physiological tradeoffs in the parameterization of a model of canopy transpiration. ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES, 26(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1708(02)00090-8

Turner, D. P., Ritts, W. D., Cohen, W. B., Gower, S. T., Zhao, M. S., Running, S. W., … Munger, J. W. (2003). Scaling Gross Primary Production (GPP) over boreal and deciduous forest landscapes in support of MODIS GPP product validation. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 88(3), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.005

Burrows, S. N., Gower, S. T., Norman, J. M., Diak, G., Mackay, D. S., Ahl, D. E., & Clayton, M. K. (2003). Spatial variability of aboveground net primary production for a forested landscape in northern Wisconsin. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 33(10), 2007–2018. https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-124

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., & Gower, S. T. (2003). The use of multiple measurement techniques to refine estimates of conifer needle geometry. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 33(1), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-166

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., & Gower, S. T. (2002). Aboveground and belowground biomass and sapwood area allometric equations for six boreal tree species of northern Manitoba. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 32(8), 1441–1450. https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-063

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., & Gower, S. T. (2002). Annual carbon flux from woody debris for a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 108(D3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000839

Burrows, S. N., Gower, S. T., Clayton, M. K., Mackay, D. S., Ahl, D. E., Norman, J. M., & Diak, G. (2002). Application of geostatistics to characterize leaf area index (LAI) from flux tower to landscape scales using a cyclic sampling design. Ecosystems, 5(7), 667–679.

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., & Gower, S. T. (2002). Assessing the progress of a tallgrass prairie restoration in Southern Wisconsin. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST, 148(2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148[0218:atpoat]2.0.co;2

Brye, K. R., Gower, S. T., Norman, J. M., & Bundy, L. G. (2002). Carbon budgets for a prairie and agroecosystems: Effects of land use and interannual variability. Ecological Applications, 12(4), 962–979. https://doi.org/10.2307/3061030

MacKay, D. S., Ahl, D. E., Ewers, B. E., Gower, S. T., Burrows, S. N., Samanta, S., & Davis, K. J. (2002). Effects of aggregated classifications of forest composition on estimates of evapotranspiration in a northern Wisconsin forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 8(12), 1253–1265. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00554.x

Turner, D. P., Gower, S. T., Cohen, W. B., Gregory, M., & Maiersperger, T. K. (2002). Effects of spatial variability in light use efficiency on satellite-based NPP monitoring. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 80(3), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(01)00319-4

Wang, C. K., Bond-Lamberty, B., & Gower, S. T. (2002). Environmental controls on carbon dioxide flux from black spruce coarse woody debris. OECOLOGIA, 132(3), 374–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-0987-4

McGuire, A. D., Wirth, C., Apps, M., Beringer, J., Clein, J., Epstein, H., … Kasischke, E. (2002). Environmental variation, vegetation distribution, carbon dynamics and water/energy exchange at high latitudes. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13(3), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02055.x

Harden, J. W., Mack, M., Veldhuis, H., & Gower, S. T. (2002). Fire dynamics and implications for nitrogen cycling in boreal forests. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 108(D3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000494

Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., Gower, S. T., & Norman, J. (2002). Leaf area dynamics of a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 22(14), 993–1001. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.14.993

Lefsky, M. A., Cohen, W. B., Harding, D. J., Parker, G. G., Acker, S. A., & Gower, S. T. (2002). Lidar remote sensing of above-ground biomass in three biomes. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY, 11(5), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822x.2002.00303.x

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Nordheim, E. V., Gower, S. T., & Bundy, L. G. (2002). Refinements to an in-situ soil core technique for measuring net nitrogen mineralization in moist, fertilized agricultural soil. Agronomy Journal, 94(4), 864–869. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0864

Wang, C. K., Bond-Lamberty, B., & Gower, S. T. (2002). Soil surface CO2 flux in a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 108(D3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000861

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., & Gower, S. T. (2002). The fate of nutrients following three- and six-year burn intervals in a tallgrass prairie restoration in Wisconsin. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST, 148(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2002)148[0028:tfonft]2.0.co;2

Ewers, B. E., Mackay, D. S., Gower, S. T., Ahl, D. E., Burrows, S. N., & Samanta, S. S. (2002). Tree species effects on stand transpiration in northern Wisconsin. WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 38(7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000830

Bisbee, K. E., Gower, S. T., Norman, J. M., & Nordheim, E. V. (2001). Environmental controls on ground cover species composition and productivity in a boreal black spruce forest. OECOLOGIA, 129(2), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100719

Kucharik, C. J., Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Foley, J. A., Gower, S. T., & Bundy, L. G. (2001). Measurements and modeling of carbon and nitrogen cycling in agroecosystems of southern Wisconsin: Potential for SOC sequestration during the next 50 years. Ecosystems, 4(3), 237–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0007-2

Gower, S. T., Krankina, O., Olson, R. J., Apps, M., Linder, S., & Wang, C. (2001). Net primary production and carbon allocation patterns of boreal forest ecosystems. Ecological Applications, 11(5), 1395–1411. https://doi.org/10.2307/3060928

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Bundy, L. G., & Gower, S. T. (2001). Nitrogen and carbon leaching in agroecosystems and their role in denitrification potential. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 30(1), 58–70. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.30158x

Whitehead, D., & Gower, S. T. (2001, August). Photosynthesis and light-use efficiency by plants in a Canadian boreal forest ecosystem. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, Vol. 21, pp. 925–929. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/21.12-13.925

Wang, C. K., Gower, S. T., Wang, Y. H., Zhao, H. X., Yan, P., & Bond-Lamberty, B. P. (2001). The influence of fire on carbon distribution and net primary production of boreal Larix gmelinii forests in north-eastern China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 7(6), 719–730. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00441.x

Canadell, J. G., Mooney, H. A., Baldocchi, D. D., Berry, J. A., Ehleringer, JR, Field, C. B., … Bond, B. Y. (2000). Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: A multitechnique approach for improved understanding. ECOSYSTEMS, 3(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000014

Campbell, J. L., & Gower, S. T. (2000). Detritus production and soil N transformations in old-growth eastern hemlock and sugar maple stands. ECOSYSTEMS, 3(2), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000018

Kloeppel, B. D., Gower, S. T., Vogel, J. G., & Reich, P. B. (2000). Leaf-level resource use for evergreen and deciduous conifers along a resource availability gradient. FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, 14(3), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00439.x

Gower, S. T., Hunter, A., Campbell, J., Vogel, J., Veldhuis, H., Harden, J., … Kucharik, C. J. (2000). Nutrient dynamics of the southern and northern BOREAS boreal forests. ECOSCIENCE, 7(4), 481–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2000.11682620

Kucharik, C. J., Foley, J. A., Delire, C., Fisher, V. A., Coe, M. T., Lenters, J. D., … Gower, S. T. (2000). [Review of Testing the performance of a Dynamic Global Ecosystem Model: Water balance, carbon balance, and vegetation structure]. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, 14(3), 795–825. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gb001138

Harden, J. W., Trumbore, S. E., Stocks, B. J., Hirsch, A., Gower, S. T., KP O'Neill, & Kasischke, E. S. (2000). The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 6, 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06019.x

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Bundy, L. G., & Gower, S. T. (2000). Water-budget evaluation of prairie and maize ecosystems. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 64(2), 715–724. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.642715x

Running, S. W., Baldocchi, D. D., Turner, D. P., Gower, S. T., Bakwin, P. S., & Hibbard, K. A. (1999, October). A global terrestrial monitoring network integrating tower fluxes, flask sampling, ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, Vol. 70, pp. 108–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(99)00061-9

Brye, K. R., Norman, J. M., Bundy, L. G., & Gower, S. T. (1999). An equilibrium tension lysimeter for measuring drainage through soil. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 63(3), 536–543. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030016x

Kucharik, C. J., Norman, J. M., & Gower, S. T. (1999). Characterization of radiation regimes in nonrandom forest canopies: Theory, measurements, and a simplified modeling approach. Tree Physiology, 19(11), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/19.11.695

Fassnacht, K. S., & Gower, S. T. (1999). Comparison of the litterfall and forest floor organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of upland forest ecosystems in north central Wisconsin. Biogeochemistry, 45(3), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00993003

Gower, S. T., Kucharik, C. J., & Norman, J. M. (1999). [Review of Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, f(APAR), and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems]. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 70(1), 29–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(99)00056-5

Vogel, J. G., & Gower, S. T. (1998). Carbon and nitrogen dynamics of boreal jack pine stands with and without a green alder understory. ECOSYSTEMS, 1(4), 386–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900032

Fassnacht, K. S., & Gower, S. T. (1998). Comparison of soil and vegetation characteristics of six upland forest habitat types in north central Wisconsin. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 15(2), 69–76.

Arneth, A., Kelliher, F. M., Gower, S. T., Scott, N. A., Byers, J. N., & McSeveny, T. M. (1998). Environmental variables regulating soil carbon dioxide efflux following clear-cutting of a Pinus radiata D. Don plantation. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 103(D5), 5695–5705. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd03464

Kloeppel, B. D., Gower, S. T., Treichel, I. W., & Kharuk, S. (1998). Foliar carbon isotope discrimination in Larix species and sympatric evergreen conifers: a global comparison. OECOLOGIA, 114(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050431

Wagai, R., Brye, K. R., Gower, S. T., Norman, J. M., & Bundy, L. G. (1998). Land use and environmental factors influencing soil surface CO2 flux and microbial biomass in natural and managed ecosystems in southern Wisconsin. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 30(12), 1501–1509. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00041-8

Kucharik, C. J., Norman, J. M., & Gower, S. T. (1998). Measurements of branch area and adjusting leaf area index indirect measurements. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, 91(1-2), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(98)00064-1

Kucharik, C. J., Norman, J. M., & Gower, S. T. (1998). Measurements of leaf orientation, light distribution and sunlit leaf area in a boreal aspen forest. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, 91(1-2), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(98)00058-6

Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Harden, J. W., Trumbore, S. E., Crill, P. M., Gower, S. T., … Munger, J. W. (1998). Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw. SCIENCE, 279(5348), 214–217. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5348.214

Norman, J. M., Kucharik, C. J., Gower, S. T., Baldocchi, D. D., Crill, P. M., Rayment, M., … Striegl, R. G. (1997). A comparison of six methods for measuring soil-surface carbon dioxide fluxes. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 102(D24), 28771–28777. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01440

Ryan, M. G., Lavigne, M. B., & Gower, S. T. (1997). Annual carbon cost of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest ecosystems in relation to species and climate. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 102(D24), 28871–28883. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01236

Sellers, P. J., Hall, F. G., Kelly, R. D., Black, A., Baldocchi, D., Berry, J., … Guertin, F. E. (1997). BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 102(D24), 28731–28769. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd03300

Gower, S. T., Vogel, J. G., Norman, J. M., Kucharik, C. J., Steele, S. J., & Stow, T. K. (1997). Carbon distribution and aboveground net primary production in aspen, jack pine, and black spruce stands in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 102(D24), 29029–29041. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd02317

Kucharik, C. J., Norman, J. M., Murdock, L. M., & Gower, S. T. (1997). Characterizing canopy nonrandomness with a multiband vegetation imager (MVI). JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 102(D24), 29455–29473. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01175

Lavigne, M. B., Ryan, M. G., Anderson, D. E., Baldocchi, D. D., Crill, P. M., Fitzjarrald, D. R., … Striegl, R. G. (1997). Comparing nocturnal eddy covariance measurements to estimates of ecosystem respiration made by scaling chamber measurements at six coniferous boreal sites. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 102(D24), 28977–28985. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01173

Fassnacht, K. S., Gower, S. T., MacKenzie, M. D., Nordheim, E. V., & Lillesand, T. M. (1997). Estimating the leaf area index of North Central Wisconsin forests using the Landsat Thematic Mapper. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 61(2), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(97)00005-9

Fassnacht, K. S., & Gower, S. T. (1997). Interrelationships among the edaphic and stand characteristics, leaf area index, and aboveground net primary production of upland forest ecosystems in north central Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27(7), 1058–1067. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-058

Chen, J. M., Rich, P. M., Gower, S. T., Norman, J. M., & Plummer, S. (1997). Leaf area index of boreal forests: Theory, techniques, and measurements. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 102(D24), 29429–29443. https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd01107

Reich, P. B., Grigal, D. F., Aber, J. D., & Gower, S. T. (1997). Nitrogen mineralization and productivity in 50 hardwood and conifer stands on diverse soils. Ecology, 78(2), 335–347. https://doi.org/10.2307/2266011

Magnuson, J. J., Kratz, T. K., Allen, T. F., Armstrong, D. E., Benson, B. J., Bowser, C. J., … Turner, M. G. (1997). Regionalization of long-term ecological research (LTER) on north temperate lakes. International association of theoretical and applied limnology -, 26(2), 522–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11900771

Steele, S. J., Gower, S. T., Vogel, J. G., & Norman, J. M. (1997). Root mass, net primary production and turnover in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 577–587. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/17.8-9.577

Norman, J. M., Kucharik, C. J., & Gower, S. T. (1996). A comparison of five methods for measuring soil surface carbon dioxide fluxes. 22nd Conference on Agricultural & Forest Meteorology with Symposium on Fire & Forest Meteorology/12th Conference on Biometeorology & Aerobiology, 59–61.

Gower, S. T., Pongracic, S., & Landsberg, J. J. (1996). A global trend in belowground carbon allocation: Can we use the relationship at smaller scales? ECOLOGY, 77(6), 1750–1755. https://doi.org/10.2307/2265780

Gower, S. T., McMurtrie, R. E., & Murty, D. (1996). [Review of Aboveground net primary production decline with stand age: Potential causes]. TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION, 11(9), 378–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)10042-2

HAYNES, B. E., & GOWER, S. T. (1995). BELOWGROUND CARBON ALLOCATION IN UNFERTILIZED AND FERTILIZED RED PINE PLANTATIONS IN NORTHERN WISCONSIN. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 15(5), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/15.5.317

KLOEPPEL, B. D., & GOWER, S. T. (1995). CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF ACRYLIC MINIRHIZOTRON TUBES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, Vol. 59, pp. 241–243. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900010037x

Gower, S. T., Kloeppel, B. D., & Reich, P. B. (1995). Carbon, nitrogen, and water use by larches and co-occurring evergreen conifers. Ecology and management of larix forests: a look ahead: proceedings of an international symposium, 319, 110–117.

Kloeppel, B. D., Gower, S. T., & Reich, P. B. (1995). Net photosynthesis of western larch and sympatric evergreen conifers along a precipitation gradient in western Montana. Ecology and management of larix forests: a look ahead: proceedings of an international symposium, 319, 486–489.

RYAN, M. G., GOWER, S. T., HUBBARD, R. M., WARING, R. H., GHOLZ, H. L., CROPPER, W. P., & RUNNING, S. W. (1995). WOODY TISSUE MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION OF 4 CONIFERS IN CONTRASTING CLIMATES. OECOLOGIA, 101(2), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00317276

FASSNACHT, K. S., GOWER, S. T., NORMAN, J. M., & MCMURTRIE, R. E. (1994). A COMPARISON OF OPTICAL AND DIRECT-METHODS FOR ESTIMATING FOLIAGE SURFACE-AREA INDEX IN FORESTS. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, 71(1-2), 183–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(94)90107-4

GOWER, S. T., REICH, P. B., & SON, Y. (1993). CANOPY DYNAMICS AND ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION OF 5 TREE SPECIES WITH DIFFERENT LEAF LONGEVITIES. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 12(4), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/12.4.327

GOWER, S. T., HAYNES, B. E., FASSNACHT, K. S., RUNNING, S. W., & HUNT, E. R. (1993, August). INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION ON THE ALLOMETRIC RELATIONS FOR 2 PINES IN CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTS. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, Vol. 23, pp. 1704–1711. https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-212

GOWER, S. T., VOGT, K. A., & GRIER, C. C. (1992). CARBON DYNAMICS OF ROCKY-MOUNTAIN DOUGLAS-FIR - INFLUENCE OF WATER AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY. ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, 62(1), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937170

GOWER, S. T., & SON, Y. (1992). DIFFERENCES IN SOIL AND LEAF LITTERFALL NITROGEN DYNAMICS FOR 5 FOREST PLANTATIONS. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL, 56(6), 1959–1966. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600060051x

SON, Y., & GOWER, S. T. (1992). NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS DISTRIBUTION FOR 5 PLANTATION SPECIES IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 53(1-4), 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90042-8

MATSON, P. A., GOWER, S. T., VOLKMANN, C., BILLOW, C., & GRIER, C. C. (1992). SOIL-NITROGEN CYCLING AND NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX IN A ROCKY-MOUNTAIN DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST - EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION, IRRIGATION AND CARBON ADDITION. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, 18(2), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00002705

SON, Y., & GOWER, S. T. (1991). ABOVEGROUND NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS USE BY 5 PLANTATION-GROWN TREES WITH DIFFERENT LEAF LONGEVITIES. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, 14(3), 167–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00000806

CHAPMAN, J. W., & GOWER, S. T. (1991). ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION AND CANOPY DYNAMICS IN SUGAR MAPLE AND RED OAK TREES IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH, 21(10), 1533–1543. https://doi.org/10.1139/x91-214

RUNNING, S. W., & GOWER, S. T. (1991). FOREST-BGC, A GENERAL-MODEL OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES FOR REGIONAL APPLICATIONS .2. DYNAMIC CARBON ALLOCATION AND NITROGEN BUDGETS. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, 9(1-2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/9.1-2.147

GOWER, S. T., & NORMAN, J. M. (1991, October). RAPID ESTIMATION OF LEAF-AREA INDEX IN CONIFER AND BROAD-LEAF PLANTATIONS. ECOLOGY, Vol. 72, pp. 1896–1900. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940988

Gower, S. T., Chapman, J. W., Volin, J. C., & Hagen, A. E. (1991). Stem biomass growth of four plantation-grown conifer species in southwestern Wisconsin. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 8(1), 26–28.

BOLSTAD, P. V., & GOWER, S. T. (1990, December). ESTIMATION OF LEAF-AREA INDEX IN 14 SOUTHERN WISCONSIN FOREST STANDS USING A PORTABLE RADIOMETER. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, Vol. 7, pp. 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.115

Gower, S. T., & Richards, J. H. (1990). Larches - deciduous conifers in an evergreen world. BioScience, 40(11), 818–826. https://doi.org/10.2307/1311484

REICH, P. B., ELLSWORTH, D. S., KLOEPPEL, B. D., FOWNES, J. H., & GOWER, S. T. (1990, December). VERTICAL VARIATION IN CANOPY STRUCTURE AND CO2 EXCHANGE OF OAK-MAPLE FORESTS - INFLUENCE OF OZONE, NITROGEN, AND OTHER FACTORS ON SIMULATED CANOPY CARBON GAIN. TREE PHYSIOLOGY, Vol. 7, pp. 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/7.1-2-3-4.329

GOWER, S. T., & GRIER, C. C. (1989, April). ABOVE-GROUND ORGANIC-MATTER AND PRODUCTION OF A MONTANE FOREST ON THE EASTERN SLOPES OF THE WASHINGTON CASCADE RANGE. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, Vol. 19, pp. 515–518. https://doi.org/10.1139/x89-079

Gower, S. T., Grier, C. C., & Vogt, K. A. (1989). Above-ground production and N and P use by Larix-occidentalis and Pinus-contorta in the Washington Cascades, USA. Tree Physiology, 5(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/5.1.1

GOWER, S. T., & VITOUSEK, P. M. (1989). EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS ON FINE ROOT BIOMASS IN A PRIMARY SUCCESSIONAL FOREST IN HAWAII. OECOLOGIA, Vol. 81, pp. 566–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00378970

GOWER, S. T., GRIER, C. C., VOGT, D. J., & VOGT, K. A. (1987). ALLOMETRIC RELATIONS OF DECIDUOUS (LARIX-OCCIDENTALIS) AND EVERGREEN CONIFERS (PINUS-CONTORTA AND PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII) OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS IN CENTRAL WASHINGTON. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 17(7), 630–634. https://doi.org/10.1139/x87-103

GOWER, S. T. (1987). RELATIONS BETWEEN MINERAL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND FINE ROOT BIOMASS IN 2 COSTA RICAN TROPICAL WET FORESTS - A HYPOTHESIS. BIOTROPICA, 19(2), 171–175. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388741

VOGT, K. A., GRIER, C. C., GOWER, S. T., SPRUGEL, D. G., & VOGT, D. J. (1986, April). OVERESTIMATION OF NET ROOT PRODUCTION - A REAL OR IMAGINARY PROBLEM. ECOLOGY, Vol. 67, pp. 577–579. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938601

GOWER, S. T., LEA, R., FREDERICK, D. J., CLARK, A., & PHILLIPS, D. R. (1985). ABOVE-GROUND ENERGY-PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHEASTERN HARDWOOD SWAMP FORESTS. BIOMASS, 7(3), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(85)90007-1

GOWER, S. T., FREDERICK, D. J., & CLARK, A. (1984). DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY IN DIFFERENT-AGED SOUTHEASTERN BOTTOMLAND FORESTS. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 9(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(84)90078-1

Biomass, nutrient and energy content of southeastern wetland hardwood forests. (1983). In Biomass, nutrient and energy content of southeastern wetland hardwood forests (p. 28). Raleigh: School of Forest Resources, North Carolina State University.